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{{Short description|1957 film by Richard Thorpe, starring Elvis Presley}} {{Use American English|date=March 2013}} {{Use mdy dates|date=March 2013}} {{Infobox film | name = Jailhouse Rock | image = Jailhouse Rock (1957 poster - one-sheet).jpg | alt = | caption = Theatrical release poster by [[Bradshaw Crandell]] | director = [[Richard Thorpe]] | producer = [[Pandro S. Berman]] | screenplay = [[Guy Trosper]] | story = [[Nedrick Young]] | starring = {{Plainlist| * [[Elvis Presley]] * [[Judy Tyler]] * [[Mickey Shaughnessy]] * [[Vaughn Taylor (actor)|Vaughn Taylor]] * [[Jennifer Holden]] <!--PER BILLING BLOCK!--> }} | music = [[Jeff Alexander]] | cinematography = Robert J. Bronner | editing = [[Ralph E. Winters]] | studio = Avon Productions | distributor = [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]] | released = {{Film date|1957|10|17|Memphis|1957|11|8|rest of United States}} | runtime = 96 minutes | country = United States | language = English | budget = $1 million<ref name="Mannix">{{Citation | title = The Eddie Mannix Ledger | publisher = Margaret Herrick Library, Center for Motion Picture Study | place = Los Angeles}}.</ref> | gross = $4 million<ref name="Mannix"/> }} '''''Jailhouse Rock''''' is a 1957 American [[musical film|musical]] [[drama film]] directed by [[Richard Thorpe]] and starring [[Elvis Presley]]. Adapted by [[Guy Trosper]] from a story written by [[Nedrick Young]], the film tells the story of Vince Everett (Presley), a convict who learns the guitar while in prison and becomes a star following his release. Four of the film's songs were written by [[Jerry Leiber]] and [[Mike Stoller]] including the title track, which became a highly-praised production number in the film as well as one of Presley's biggest hit singles, spending seven weeks at number one on the U.S. charts. ''Jailhouse Rock'' premiered in [[Memphis, Tennessee]] on October 17, 1957, and was released nationwide on November 8. It peaked at #3 on the ''Variety'' box-office chart and finished #14 for the year, grossing $4 million. The film initially earned mixed reviews, with much of the negative targeted at the unpleasant personality of the character played by Presley. The release was also somewhat overshadowed by the tragic highway death of leading lady [[Judy Tyler]] shortly after the film's completion. Presley reportedly was so devastated by Tyler's death that he never watched the film or discussed it. In 2004, ''Jailhouse Rock'' was selected for preservation in the [[National Film Registry]] by the [[Library of Congress]], who deemed it "culturally, aesthetically or historically significant."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Complete National Film Registry Listing |url=https://www.loc.gov/programs/national-film-preservation-board/film-registry/complete-national-film-registry-listing/|website=Library of Congress|access-date=2020-05-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Librarian of Congress Adds 25 Films to National Film Registry|url=https://www.loc.gov/item/prn-04-215/films-added-to-national-film-registry-for-2004/2004-12-28/|website=Library of Congress|access-date=2020-05-01}}</ref> ==Plot== Construction worker Vince Everett accidentally kills a drunken man in a brawl and is sentenced to between a minimum of one to a maximum of ten years in the state penitentiary. His cellmate, washed-up [[country music|country]] singer Hunk Houghton, incarcerated for bank robbery, teaches Vince some guitar chords. Hunk then convinces Vince to participate in an inmate show that is broadcast on nationwide television. After his appearance, Vince receives fan letters, but the warden prevents their delivery. Hunk convinces Vince to sign a pact to become equal partners in his act when they are both free. Later, during an inmate riot in the [[mess hall]], a guard shoves Vince, who retaliates by striking him. As punishment, the warden orders Vince to be [[corporal punishment|lashed with a whip]]. Vince later learns that Hunk attempted to bribe the guards to forego the punishment but did not have enough money. [[File:Elvis Mickey Shaughnessy Jailhouse Rock 1957.JPG|left|thumb|[[Elvis Presley]] as Vince Everett talks to [[Mickey Shaughnessy]] as Hunk Houghton in their cell.|250px]] Upon Vince's release 14 months later, the warden gives him his withheld fan mail. Hunk promises Vince a singing job at a nightclub owned by a friend. There, Vince meets Peggy Van Alden, a promoter for [[popular music|pop]] singer Mickey Alba. Vince is surprised when the club owner denies him a job as a singer but offers him a job as a [[bartender|bar boy]]. To prove himself to the owner, Vince takes the stage to sing when the house band takes a break. However, a customer laughs throughout the performance. Enraged, Vince smashes his guitar and leaves the club. Peggy then persuades him to record a demo so that he can listen to himself sing. The recording helps Vince improve his style, and he records [[Don't Leave Me Now (Elvis Presley song)|a song]]. Peggy takes the tape to Geneva Records, where the manager seems unimpressed, but reluctantly agrees to play the tape for his boss in New York. The next day, Peggy informs Vince that the song has been sold. She then takes him to a party at her parents' home, but Vince leaves after offending a guest whom he mistakenly believes is belittling him. Angry, Peggy confronts Vince, who kisses her. Later, the two discover that Geneva Records gave the song to Mickey Alba. Alba recorded and released the song, thereby [[music plagiarism|stealing]] it. Infuriated, Vince storms into the label's office and attacks the manager. To avoid a similar misfortune, Vince convinces Peggy to form their own label, which they name Laurel Records, and hire attorney Mr. Shores to oversee the business. Vince then records [[Treat Me Nice|another song]] and begins pitching it. The song is universally rejected until Peggy convinces a friend, [[disc jockey]] Teddy Talbot, to air it. Then, it becomes a hit. Vince asks Peggy out to celebrate but is disappointed to learn that she had already accepted a dinner date with Teddy. Later, Vince makes arrangements for another television show. At a party, Hunk, who has been granted parole, persuades Vince to give him a part in the show in an effort to revive his own music career. However, Hunk's number ends up being cut because of his outdated music style. Vince later informs Hunk that the pact that they signed in prison is worthless. However, indebted to Hunk for having tried to bribe the guards, Vince offers him a job with his entourage. [[File:Elvis Presley and Judy Tyler in Jailhouse Rock trailer.jpg|thumb|Presley as Vince Everett hugs Judy Tyler as Peggy Van Alden as he sings "[[Young and Beautiful (Elvis Presley song)|Young and Beautiful]]".]] Vince soon becomes a star. However, Peggy no longer speaks with Vince, as his success has made him arrogant. Vince signs a movie deal, and the studio head asks him to spend the day with his conceited costar Sherry Wilson for publicity purposes. Sherry then falls in love with Vince after shooting a kissing scene. Mr. Shores later approaches Vince with an offer from Geneva Records to purchase Laurel Records and sign him to a rich contract. Peggy refuses to sell and is devastated when Vince wants to close the deal anyway. Enraged by Vince's egotism and treatment of Peggy, Hunk starts a fight and strikes Vince in the throat, endangering the latter's voice and singing ability. At the hospital, Vince forgives Hunk and realizes that he loves Peggy and that she loves him. Vince's doctor later informs him that his vocal cords are fully recovered, and in the living room, Vince tests his voice by singing to Peggy. Realizing that Vince's singing voice is intact and his worries are unfounded, the two put their arms around each other. ==Cast== * [[Elvis Presley]] as Vince Everett, an ex-con who becomes a singing star.{{sfn|Templeton|Craig|2002|pp=15–6}} Producer [[Pandro S. Berman]]'s wife convinced him to make a film with Presley in the leading role. Presley's manager, [[Colonel Tom Parker]], was only interested in the film's score and the rights to record sales and publishing royalties,{{sfn|Dundy|2004|pp=286–87}}{{sfn|Goldman|1981|p=237}} and Presley was paid $250,000 and 50% of the film's royalties.{{sfn|Cotten|1985|p=129}} * [[Judy Tyler]] as Peggy Van Alden, a music promoter who helps Vince build his career and becomes his lover.{{sfn|Templeton|Craig|2002|pp=15–6}} Tyler was previously known for her part as Princess Summerfall Winterspring on the television show ''[[Howdy Doody#Actors|Howdy Doody]]'' and as Suzy in the Broadway musical ''[[Pipe Dream (musical)|Pipe Dream]]'' (1955).{{sfn|Glut|Harmon|1975|p=47}}{{sfn|St. Joseph|1957}} Tyler took a three-month leave of absence from ''Howdy Doody'' to shoot the film. Tyler and her husband were killed in a car crash on July 3, just days after production was completed and before its premiere.{{sfn|Glut|Harmon|1975|p=47}} Presley was so devastated that he refused to watch the film. * [[Mickey Shaughnessy]] as Hunk Houghton, Vince's cellmate and a former country singer. He teaches Vince the guitar and later becomes Vince's assistant.{{sfn|Templeton|Craig|2002|pp=15–6}} Shaughnessy was known as Leva in ''[[From Here to Eternity]]'' (1953).{{sfn|Garner|Mrotek|1999|p=11}} He was also a comedian, and ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'' reported that Shaughnessy had performed a 45-minute routine deriding Presley sometime before the film was made. [[Elaine Dundy]], author of the book ''[[Elvis and Gladys]]'' (1985), considered his selection an "odd choice" and the result of Berman's lack of involvement with casting.{{sfn|Dundy|2004|p=286}} * [[Vaughn Taylor (actor)|Vaughn Taylor]] as Mr. Shores, an attorney whom Vince and Peggy hire to manage Vince's financial affairs.{{sfn|TCM}} * [[William Forrest (actor)|William Forrest]] as the studio head (uncredited) * [[Jennifer Holden]] as starlet Sherry Wilson.{{sfn|Dickinson|2008|p=63}} The film was Holden's debut; after auditioning for the role at MGM in May 1956, she was selected immediately. She studied drama with [[Lillian Roth]] and had previously appeared on stage.{{sfn|Worth|Tamerius|1992|p=229}} * [[Dean Jones (actor)|Dean Jones]] as disc jockey Teddy Talbot. Jones was formerly a blues singer, and he was coached for the role by disc jockeys Ira Cooke and [[Dewey Phillips]].{{sfn|Worth|Tamerius|1992|p=230}} Jones went on to star in a string of [[Walt Disney Productions|Walt Disney]] films. * Anne Neyland as Laury Jackson * "Jailhouse Rock" cowriter Mike Stoller (of the [[Leiber and Stoller]] songwriting partnership) and Presley's regular band during that period—[[Scotty Moore]], [[Bill Black]] and [[D. J. Fontana]]—appear as Vince's band throughout the film, though uncredited.{{sfn|Collins|2005|p=88}} ==Production== [[File:Tri-City Drive-In Ad - 13 November 1957, Loma Linda, CA.jpg|170px|thumb|[[Drive-in theater|Drive-in]] advertisement from 1957.]] ''Jailhouse Rock'' was Presley's third film and his first for [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]] studios,{{sfn|Victor|2008|p=269}} filmed in [[Culver City, California]].{{sfn|Cotten|1985|p=129}} The film was originally titled ''The Hard Way'' and was changed to ''Jailhouse Kid'' before MGM finally settled on ''Jailhouse Rock''.{{sfn|Victor|2008|p=269}} The film was not listed with the studio's planned releases for the year because it was based on a story by [[Nedrick Young]], a [[House Un-American Activities Committee|blacklisted]] writer.{{sfn|Dundy|2004|p=286}}{{sfn|Giglio|2010|p=109}} During production, producer Pandro Berman was more focused on another of his productions, the 1958 film ''[[The Brothers Karamazov (1958 film)|The Brothers Karamazov]].'' He allowed studio head [[Benny Thau]] and [[William Morris Endeavor|William Morris Agency]] president [[Abe Lastfogel]] to select the cast.{{sfn|Dundy|2004|p=286}} [[Richard Thorpe]], who had a reputation for quickly finishing projects, was chosen to direct the film.{{sfn|Eagan|2010|p=536}}{{sfn|Relyea|2008|p=72}} The first scene filmed was the title dance sequence to the song "[[Jailhouse Rock (song)|Jailhouse Rock]]".{{sfn|Victor|2008|p=269}} Presley was not initially pleased with the direction of choreographer [[Alex Romero (choreographer)|Alex Romero]], so Romero asked Presley to try his own moves to for the final sequence.{{sfn|Humphries|2003|p=52}} The scene has often been cited as Presley's greatest musical moment on screen.{{sfn|Brown|Broeske|1997|p=124}}{{sfn|Poore|1998|p=20}} {{sfn|Victor|2008|p=269}} Filming began on May 13, 1957, with the newly created choreography.{{sfn|Guralnick|1994|pp=409–10}} Presley's characteristic hairstyle and sideburns were covered with a wig and makeup for the musical and jail scenes.{{sfn|Slaughter|2005|p=46}} During the performance, one of Presley's dental caps detached and became lodged in his lung, and he spent a night in the hospital{{sfn|Victor|2008|p=269}}{{sfn|Guralnick|1994|pp=409–10}}{{sfn|Slaughter|2005|p=46}} before filming resumed the next day.{{sfn|Relyea|2008|p=71}} Thorpe, who usually filmed scenes in a single take, finished the film by June 17, 1957.{{sfn|Relyea|2008|p=72}}{{sfn|Guralnick|1994|p=413}}{{sfn|Guralnick|Jorgensen|1999|p=106}} ===Soundtrack=== {{Main|Jailhouse Rock (EP)}} Before production began, rock-and-roll songwriting partners [[Jerry Leiber]] and [[Mike Stoller]] were commissioned to create the film's soundtrack, but they did not send any material to MGM for months. In April 1957, the studio summoned the writers to New York and [[Jean Aberbach]], director of the [[Hill & Range]] music publishing company, confronted them demanding to see the songs. When told that there was no material, Aberbach locked the songwriters in their hotel room and would not allow them to leave until they had written songs. Four hours later, Leiber and Stoller had written "[[I Want to Be Free (Elvis Presley song)|I Want to Be Free]]", "[[Treat Me Nice]]", "[[(You're So Square) Baby I Don't Care]]", and "[[Jailhouse Rock (song)|Jailhouse Rock]]".{{sfn|Collins|2005|pp=84–7}} Presley recorded the finished songs at [[Radio Recorders]] in [[Hollywood, Los Angeles|Hollywood]] on April 30 and May 3, 1957, with an additional session at the MGM soundstage in Hollywood on May 9 for "[[Don't Leave Me Now (Elvis Presley song)|Don't Leave Me Now]]".{{sfn|Jorgensen|1998|pp=89–90}} Leiber and Stoller were invited to the recording session of April 30, where they met Presley, who convinced MGM to cast Stoller as the band's pianist in the film.{{sfn|Collins|2005|p=88}} During filming, Presley [[Lip sync|mimed]] the words for film's musical numbers, and the music was later added to the finished scenes.{{sfn|Millard|2005|p=239}} {{listen |filename=Jailhouse Rock sample.ogg |title="Jailhouse Rock" |description=Elvis Presley's "[[Jailhouse Rock (song)|Jailhouse Rock]]". |filetype=[[Ogg]]}} The following songs in the film were performed by Presley unless otherwise noted:{{sfn|Jorgensen|1998|pp=90–2}} * "One More Day" <small>(Sid Tepper, Roy C. Bennett)</small> – performed by Mickey Shaughnessy * "[[Young and Beautiful (Elvis Presley song)|Young and Beautiful]]" <small>(Abner Silver, Aaron Schroeder)</small> * "I Want to Be Free" <small>(Jerry Leiber, Mike Stoller)</small> *"[[Don't Leave Me Now (Elvis Presley song)|Don't Leave Me Now]]" <small>(Aaron Schroeder, [[Ben Weisman]])</small> * "[[Treat Me Nice]]" <small>(Jerry Leiber, Mike Stoller)</small> * "[[Jailhouse Rock (song)|Jailhouse Rock]]" <small>(Jerry Leiber, Mike Stoller)</small> – dance routine choreographed by Elvis Presley * "[[(You're So Square) Baby I Don't Care]]" <small>(Jerry Leiber, Mike Stoller)</small> - Presley also played electric bass ==Release== [[File:Jailhouse Rock (1957) Trailer.ogg|left|thumb|265px|Scene from the original theatrical trailer.]] ''Jailhouse Rock'' premiered on October 17, 1957, at Loews State Theater in [[Memphis, Tennessee|Memphis]]. Female lead [[Judy Tyler]] had been killed in an automobile accident soon before the film's release,{{sfn|Templeton|Craig|2002|p=16}} and a devastated Presley did not attend the premiere.{{sfn|Clayton|2006|p=87}}{{refn|group=nb|Some sources, such as Adam Victor in ''The Elvis Encyclopedia'' and Albert Goldman in ''Elvis'', claim that Presley never watched the completed film.{{sfn|Victor|2008|p=269}}}} The film opened nationally on November 8.{{sfn|Templeton|Craig|2002|p=16}} ===Box office=== The film peaked at #3 on the ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'' box-office chart and reached #14 for the year.{{sfn|Victor|2008|p=269}}{{sfn|Denisoff|Romanowski|1991|p=87}} According to MGM records, the film earned $3.2 million in the U.S. and Canada and $1,075,000 elsewhere during its initial theatrical run, resulting in a profit of $1,051,000.<ref name="Mannix"/> In 1957, Presley was ranked the fourth-leading box-office commodity in the film industry. According to ''Variety'', by 1969, ''Jailhouse Rock''{{'}}s gross income in the U.S. and Canada was comparable to that of ''[[The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)|The Wizard of Oz]]'' (1939).{{sfn|Templeton|Craig|2002|p=16}} ===Critical reception=== {{multiple image | align = | direction = | footer = Publicity photos for the film featuring Presley during the dance sequence for "[[Jailhouse Rock (song)|Jailhouse Rock]]" | image1 = Elvis Presley Jailhouse Rock2.jpg | width1 = 175 | image2 = Elvis Presley Jailhouse Rock.jpg | width2 = 175 | alt = Portrait photos of Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II }} ''Jailhouse Rock'' earned mixed, largely negative, reviews upon release, although critical opinion has tended to be more favorable over time. Some contemporary critics found it scandalous because it portrayed Vince Everett as an antiheroic character,{{sfn|Gabbard|1996|p=125}}{{sfn|Templeton|Craig|2002|p=156}} presented a convict as a hero, used the word "hell" as a profanity and included a scene with Presley in bed with Tyler.{{sfn|Victor|2008|p=269}} The [[Parent-Teacher Association]] described the film as "a hackneyed, blown-up tale with cheap human values."{{sfn|PTA|1957|p=39}} ''[[The New York Times]]'' criticized Guy Trosper for writing a screenplay in which the secondary characters were "forced to hang on to the hero's flying mane and ego for the entire picture." ''Cue'' magazine called the film "[an] unpleasant, mediocre and tasteless drama."{{sfn|Cue|1958|p=22}} Some publications criticized Presley. ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' panned his onstage personality,{{sfn|Dundy|2004|p=290}} while ''[[The Miami News]]'' compared the film with horror pictures and wrote, "Only Elvis Presley and his 'Jailhouse Rock' can keep pace with the movie debut of this 'personality,' the records show. In estimating the lasting appeal of their grotesque performer."{{sfn|Miami|1957|p=73}} Jazz magazine ''[[Down Beat]]'' wrote that Presley's acting was "amateurish and bland."{{sfn|Down Beat|1958|p=21}} British magazine ''[[The Spectator]]'' described Presley's evolution from his "silly" performance in ''[[Loving You (1957 film)|Loving You]]'' to "dangerously near being repulsive."{{sfn|The Spectator|1958|p=107}} Other reviewers responded more positively to the film. Louise Boyca of ''[[The Daily Gazette|The Schenectady Gazette]]'' wrote that "it's dear Elvis that gets the soft focus camera and the arty photography." Boyca remarked upon the low production costs of the film, and said that Presley was "in top singing and personality form."{{sfn|Schenectady|1957|p=25}} ''[[The Gadsden Times]]'' said, "Elvis Presley not only proves himself as a dramatic actor ... but also reveals his versatility by dancing on the screen for the first time. The movie ... also contains Elvis' unique style of singing."{{sfn|Gadsden|1957|p=3}} ''[[Look (American magazine)|Look]]'' favored the film, describing how one audience "registered, loud and often, its approval of what may accurately be described as the star's first big dramatic singing role."{{sfn|Look|1957|p=4}} More recent critics have tended to praise the film for its vivid portrayal of an iconic moment in music history, and as a welcome contrast to Presley's later films, most of them fluffy musical comedies. [[Leonard Maltin]] wrote that "Presley's best film captures the legend in all his nostril-flaring pre-Army glory."<ref>Maltin, Leonard. ''Leonard Maltin's 2014 Movie Guide'' Signet Books. p, 722</ref> Author Thomas Doherty wrote in his 2002 book ''Teenagers and Teenpics: The Juvenalization of American Movies in the 1950s:'' "In ''Jailhouse Rock'', the treatment of rock 'n' roll music, both as narrative content and as cinematic performance is knowing and respectful ... The elaborate choreography for the title tune, the long takes and uninterrupted screen time given to the other numbers, and the musical pacing—the rock 'n' roll builds in quality and intensity—all show an indigenous appreciation of Presley's rock 'n' Roll."{{sfn|Doherty|2002|p=77}} Critic Hal Erickson of ''[[AllRovi]]'' wrote that the film "is a perfect balance of song and story from beginning to end."{{sfn|AllRovi}} Mark Deming, also of ''AllRovi'', wrote that ''Jailhouse Rock'' was "one of [Presley's] few vehicles which really caught his raw, sexy energy and sneering charisma on film."{{sfn|AllRovi}} The review aggregate website [[Rotten Tomatoes]] lists the film with an overall 67% "Fresh" approval rating based on 42 reviews.<ref>[https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/jailhouse_rock Jailhouse Rock], Rotten Tomatoes</ref> It currently has a Metacritic score of 68 out of 100, based on reviews from 12 critics.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/jailhouse-rock/ |title=Jailhouse Rock |work=Metacritic |access-date=June 14, 2024}}</ref> ===Accolades=== In 1991, Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller were awarded with an [[American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers|ASCAP Award]] for Most-Performed Feature Film Standards for the song "[[Jailhouse Rock (song)|Jailhouse Rock]]".{{sfn|The Hollywood Reporter|1991|p=5}} In 2004, ''Jailhouse Rock'' was selected for preservation in the United States [[National Film Registry]], as it was deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant."{{sfn|Victor|2008|p=269}} The film is famous for the dance sequence (also choreographed by Presley) in which Presley sings the title track while on stage, cavorting with other inmates through a set resembling a block of jail cells. The sequence is widely acknowledged as the most memorable musical scene in Presley's 30 narrative films, and is credited by some music historians as the prototype for the modern [[music video]].{{sfn|Guralnick|Jorgensen|1999|p=106}}{{sfn|Browne-Cottrell|2008|p=77}} ''Jailhouse Rock'' ranked 495th on ''[[Empire (film magazine)|Empire]]''{{'}}s 2008 list of the 500 greatest films of all time.{{sfn|Empire|2008}} The film is recognized by [[American Film Institute]] in these lists: * 2004: [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs]]: ** "[[Jailhouse Rock (song)|Jailhouse Rock]]" – #21<ref>{{cite web|title=AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs |url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/100Years/songs100.pdf |publisher=[[American Film Institute]] |access-date=2016-08-13}}</ref> * 2006: [[AFI's Greatest Movie Musicals]] – Nominated<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/100Years/musicals_ballot.pdf |title= AFI's Greatest Movie Musicals Nominees |access-date=2016-08-13}}</ref> ==Notes== {{Reflist|group=nb}} ==See also== * [[List of American films of 1957]] ==Footnotes== {{Reflist|30em}} ==References== {{Refbegin|2}} ;Books *{{cite book|last1=Brown|first1=Peter Harry|last2=Broeske|first2=Pat H.|year=1997|title=Down at the End of Lonely Street: The Life and Death of Elvis Presley|location=New York City|publisher=Dutton|isbn=978-0-525-94246-7|url=https://archive.org/details/downatendoflonel00brow}} *{{cite book|last1=Browne|first1=Blaine|last2=Cottrell|first2=Robert|year=2008|title=Modern American Lives: Individuals and Issues in American History Since 1945|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DrSnM9BULZUC|location=Armonk|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|isbn=978-0-7656-2223-5|ref=CITEREFBrowne-Cottrell2008}} *{{cite book|last=Clayton|first=Marie|year=2006|title=Elvis Presley: Unseen Archives|location=Bath|publisher=Paragon Pub.|isbn=978-1-4054-0032-9}} *{{cite book|last=Collins|first=Ace|year=2005|title=Untold Gold: The Stories Behind Elvis's #1 Hits|location=Chicago|publisher=Chicago Review Press|isbn=978-1-55652-565-0|url=https://archive.org/details/untoldgoldstorie00acec}} *{{cite book|last=Cotten|first=Lee|year=1985|title=All Shook Up: Elvis Day-by-Day, 1954–1977|location=Ann Arbor|publisher=Pierian Press|isbn=978-0-87650-172-6}} *{{cite book|last1=Denisoff|first1=Serge|last2=Romanowski|first2=William|year=1991|title=Risky Business: Rock in Film|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kT0fKUCTUC4C|location=New Brunswick|publisher=Transaction Publishers|isbn=978-0-88738-843-9}} *{{cite book|last=Dickinson|first=Kay|year=2008|title=Off Key: When Film and Music Won't Work Together|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=auH5dtWw7CIC&q=%22holden%22|location=Oxford|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-532663-5}} *{{cite book|last=Doherty|first=Thomas|year=2002|title=Teenagers and Teenpics: The Juvenilization of American Movies in the 1950s|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4FxvntQaGcgC|location=Philadelphia|publisher=Temple University Press|isbn=978-1-56639-946-3}} *{{cite book|last=Dundy|first=Elaine|year=2004|title=Elvis and Gladys|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IYbOeqSWVhUC|location=Jackson|publisher=University Press of Mississippi|isbn=978-1-57806-634-6}} *{{cite book|last=Eagan|first=Daniel|year=2010|title=America's Film Legacy: The Authoritative Guide to the Landmark Movies in the National Film Registry|url=https://archive.org/details/americasfilmlega0000eaga|url-access=registration|location=New York City|publisher=Continuum|isbn=978-0-8264-2977-3}} *{{cite book|last=Farmer|first=Brett|year=2000|title=Spectacular Passions: Cinema, Fantasy, Gay Male Spectatorships|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=333qX9GavD4C|location=Durham|publisher=Duke University Press|isbn=978-0-8223-2589-5}} *{{cite book|last=Finler|first=Joel Waldo|year=2003|title=The Hollywood Story|url=https://archive.org/details/hollywoodstory0000finl|url-access=registration|edition=3rd|location=London|publisher=Wallflower Press|isbn=978-1-903364-66-6}} *{{cite book|last=Gabbard|first=Krin|year=1996|title=Jammin' at the Margins: Jazz and the American Cinema|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CXERsyloawEC|location=Chicago|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-27788-2}} *{{cite book|last1=Garner|first1=Paul|last2=Mrotek|first2=Sharon|year=1999|title=Mousie Garner: Autobiography of a Vaudeville Stooge|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vy41mDPFqYQC|location=Jefferson|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-7864-0581-7}} *{{cite book|last=Giglio|first=Ernest|year=2010|title=Here's Looking at You: Hollywood, Film & Politics|url=https://archive.org/details/hereslookingatyo0000gigl|url-access=registration|location=New York City|publisher=Peter Lang|isbn=978-1-4331-0644-6}} *{{cite book|last1=Glut|first1=Donald F|last2=Harmon|first2=Jim|year=1975|title=The Great Television Heroes|location=Garden City|publisher=Doubleday|isbn=978-0-385-05167-5}} *{{cite book|last=Goldman|first=Albert Harry|year=1981|title=Elvis|location=New York City|publisher=McGraw-Hill|isbn=978-0-07-023657-8|url=https://archive.org/details/elvis00albe}} *{{cite book|last=Guralnick|first=Peter|year=1994|title=Last Train to Memphis: The Rise of Elvis Presley|location=Boston|publisher=Back Bay Books|isbn=978-0-316-33225-5}} *{{cite book|last1=Guralnick|first1=Peter|last2=Jorgensen|first2=Ernst|year=1999|title=Elvis: Day by Day: The Definitive Record of His Life and Music|location=New York City|publisher=Ballantine Books|isbn=978-0-345-42089-3}} *{{cite book|last=Humphries|first=Patrick|year=2003|title=Elvis the #1 Hits: The Secret History of the Classics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mza4wsTDEFsC|location=Kansas City|publisher=Andrews McMeel Publishing|isbn=978-0-7407-3803-6}} *{{cite book|last=Jorgensen|first=Ernst|year=1998|title=Elvis Presley A Life in Music: The Complete Recording Sessions|location=New York City|publisher=St. Martin's Press|isbn=978-0-312-18572-5}} *{{cite book|last=Millard|first=Andre|year=2005|title=America on Record: A History of Recorded Sound|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tmx1064W5JwC|edition=2nd|location=New York City|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-83515-2}} *{{cite book|last=Poore|first=Billy|year=1998|title=Rockabilly: A Forty-Year Journey|location=Milwaukee|publisher=Hal Leonard Corp.|isbn=978-0-7935-9142-8}} *{{cite book|last1=Relyea|first1=Robert|last2=Relyea|first2=Craig|year=2008|title=Not So Quiet On The Set: My Life in Movies During Hollywood's Macho Era|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JbmTAmCbVE8C|location=New York City|publisher=iUniverse|isbn=978-0-595-71332-5|ref=CITEREFRelyea2008}} *{{cite book|last=Slaughter|first=Todd|year=2005|title=The Elvis Archives|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LSmd82cwDPEC|location=London|publisher=Omnibus Press|isbn=978-1-84609-067-7}} *{{cite book|last1=Templeton|first1=Steve|last2=Craig|first2=Yvonne|year=2002|title=Elvis Presley: Silver Screen Icon: A Collection of Movie Posters|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b67-82VZctUC|location=Johnson City, Tennessee|publisher=The Overmountain Press|isbn=978-1-57072-232-5}} *{{cite book|last=Victor|first=Adam|year=2008|title=The Elvis Encyclopedia|location=New York City|publisher=Overlook Duckworth|isbn=978-0-7156-3816-3}} *{{cite book|last1=Worth|first1=Fred|last2=Tamerius|first2=Steve|year=1992|title=Elvis: His Life From A to Z|location=New York City|publisher=Wings Books|isbn=978-0-517-06634-8}} ;Journals *{{cite journal|title=Elvis in 'Jailhouse Rock' Keeps Fans in Tears|journal=Schenectady Gazette|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=OkUhAAAAIBAJ&pg=763%2C4484339|date=November 28, 1957|author=Boyka, Louise|ref=CITEREFSchenectady1957}} *{{cite journal|title=Hollywood Today!|journal=Gadsden Times|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=6bkfAAAAIBAJ&pg=931%2C137106|date=November 3, 1957|author=Johnson, Erskine|ref=CITEREFGadsden1957}} *{{cite journal|title=Farewell, Elvis?|journal=Down Beat|date=January 9, 1958|publisher=Maher Publications|volume=25|issue=1–6|author=Tynan, John|ref=CITEREFDown_Beat1958}} *{{cite journal|title=Monster' Films Get Big Play|journal=The Miami News|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=r4EyAAAAIBAJ&pg=2180%2C3865503|date=December 8, 1957|ref=CITEREFMiami1957}}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} *{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=IE1UAAAAIBAJ&pg=818%2C1549136|title=Young Judy Tyler Gives Her Formula for Broadway Success|date=February 25, 1956|access-date=May 14, 2012|work=The Sunday News Press|publisher=St. Joseph News-Press|volume=79|number=26|ref=CITEREFSt._Joseph1957}} *{{cite journal|title=Movie Reviews|journal=[[Cue: The Weekly Magazine of New York Life]]|date=February 8, 1958|publisher=Cue Publishing Co|ref=CITEREFCue1958}} *{{cite journal|title=Jailhouse Rock – Movie Review|journal=Look|date=September 17, 1957|volume=21|issue=14–26|publisher=Cowles Communications|ref=CITEREFLook1957}} *{{cite journal|title=The Spectator|date=March 21, 1958|volume=200|publisher=Ian Gilmour|ref=CITEREFThe_Spectator1958}} *{{cite journal|title=The PTA magazine|year=1957|volume=52|publisher=National Congress of Parents and Teachers|ref=CITEREFPTA1957}} *{{cite journal|title=The Hollywood Reporter|volume=317|issue= 1–18|publisher=Wilkerson Daily Corp|date=April 16, 1991|ref=CITEREFThe_Hollywood_Reporter1991}} *{{cite journal|journal=Variety|title=Top Grosses of 1957|date=8 January 1958|ref=CITEREFVariety1958}} ;Other *{{cite web|url=http://www.allmovie.com/movie/jailhouse-rock-v25765|title=Jailhouse Rock – Synopsis/ Jailhouse Rock – Review|work=AllRovi|author1=Erickson, Hal|author2=Deming, Mark|access-date=October 18, 2011|ref=CITEREFAllRovi}} * {{cite web|author=Staff|url=http://www.minneapolisfed.org/community_education/teacher/calc/hist1800.cfm?|title=Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–2012|publisher=Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis|access-date=February 22, 2012|ref=CITEREFCPI2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120822002900/http://www.minneapolisfed.org/community_education/teacher/calc/hist1800.cfm|archive-date=August 22, 2012|url-status=dead}} *{{cite web|url=https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/238/jailhouse-rock#notes|title=Jailhouse Rock (1957)|work=TCM|publisher=Turner Entertainment Networks, Inc.|access-date=May 14, 2012|ref=CITEREFTCM}} *{{cite web|url=http://www.empireonline.com/500/1.asp|title=The 500 Greatest Movies of All Time|work=Empire|year=2008|access-date=December 24, 2012|ref=CITEREFEmpire2008}} *{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/jailhouse_rock/|title=Jailhouse Rock (1957)|work=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|publisher=Flixster, Inc|access-date=October 18, 2011|ref=CITEREFRotten_Tomatoes}} {{Refend}} ==External links== {{Wikiquote}} {{Commons category}} * {{IMDb title|0050556}} * {{TCMDb title|238}} * {{AFI film|52238}} * {{rotten-tomatoes|jailhouse_rock|Jailhouse Rock}} * ''Jailhouse Rock'' essay by [[Carrie Rickey]] on the [[National Film Registry]] website [https://www.loc.gov/static/programs/national-film-preservation-board/documents/jailhouse_rock.pdf] * ''Jailhouse Rock'' essay by Daniel Eagan in America's Film Legacy: The Authoritative Guide to the Landmark Movies in the National Film Registry, A&C Black, 2010 {{ISBN|0826429777}}, pages 535-536 [https://books.google.com/books/about/America_s_Film_Legacy.html?id=deq3xI8OmCkC] {{Elvis Presley}} {{Richard Thorpe}} {{Authority control}} {{Good article}} [[Category:1957 films]] [[Category:1950s musical drama films]] [[Category:1950s teen films]] [[Category:American musical drama films]] [[Category:American romantic drama films]] [[Category:American romantic musical films]] [[Category:American rock music films]] [[Category:American black-and-white films]] [[Category:Articles containing video clips]] [[Category:1950s English-language films]] [[Category:Films about singers]] [[Category:Films based on songs]] [[Category:Films set in prison]] [[Category:Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer films]] [[Category:Films directed by Richard Thorpe]] [[Category:Films produced by Pandro S. Berman]] [[Category:United States National Film Registry films]] [[Category:1957 drama films]] [[Category:Films shot in Los Angeles County, California]] [[Category:1950s American films]] [[Category:Obscenity controversies in film]] [[Category:English-language musical drama films]]
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Jailhouse Rock (film)
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