Editing Jacob Grimm

{{short description|German philologist, linguist, jurist and mythologist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox scholar
| birth_name = Jacob Ludwig Karl Grimm
| image = File:Jacob Grimm Daguerreotype.jpg
| image_caption = Grimm in 1847
| birth_date = {{birth date|1785|01|04|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Hanau]], [[Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel]], {{awrap|Holy Roman Empire}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|1863|09|20|1785|01|04|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Berlin]], [[Kingdom of Prussia]], {{awrap|German Confederation}}
| alma_mater = [[University of Marburg]]
| workplaces = {{ubl|[[University of Göttingen]]|[[University of Berlin]]}}
| notable_students = [[Wilhelm Dilthey]]
| influenced = [[August Schleicher]]<ref>[[Hadumod Bußmann]], ''Routledge Dictionary of Language and Linguistics'', Routledge, 1996, p. 85.</ref>
| signature = Signatur Jacob Grimm.PNG
| relatives = {{ubl|[[Wilhelm Grimm]] (brother)|[[Ludwig Emil Grimm]] (brother)|[[Herman Grimm]] (nephew)|[[Ludwig Hassenpflug]] (brother-in-law)}}
| father = [[Philipp Grimm]]
| mother = [[Dorothea Grimm]]
}}

'''Jacob Ludwig Karl Grimm''' (4 January 1785&nbsp;– 20 September 1863), also known as '''Ludwig Karl''', was a German author, linguist, philologist, jurist, and [[folklorist]]. He formulated  [[Grimm's law]] of linguistics, and was the co-author of the ''[[Deutsches Wörterbuch]]'', the author of ''[[Deutsche Mythologie]]'', and the editor of ''[[Grimms' Fairy Tales]]''. He was the older brother of [[Wilhelm Grimm]]; together, they were the literary duo known as the [[Brothers Grimm]].

==Life and books==

Jacob Grimm was born 4 January 1785,<ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.upi.com/Top_News/2019/01/04/UPI-Almanac-for-Friday-Jan-4-2019/5471546221584/|title=UPI Almanac for Friday, Jan. 4, 2019|work=[[United Press International]]|date=4 January 2019|access-date=4 September 2019|archive-date=5 January 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190105012355/http://www.upi.com/Top_News/2019/01/04/UPI-Almanac-for-Friday-Jan-4-2019/5471546221584/|url-status=live|quote=German folklore/fairy tale collector Jacob Grimm in 1785}}</ref> in [[Hanau]] in [[Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel|Hesse-Kassel]]. His father, [[Philipp Grimm]], was a lawyer who died while Jacob was a child, and his mother [[Dorothea Grimm|Dorothea]] was left with a very small income. Her sister was the lady of the chamber to the [[Landgravine]] of Hesse, and she helped to support and educate the family. Jacob was sent to the public school at [[Kassel]] in 1798 with his younger brother [[Wilhelm Grimm|Wilhelm]].<ref name=EB1911/>

In 1802, he went to the [[University of Marburg]], where he studied law, a profession for which he had been intended by his father. His brother joined him at Marburg a year later, having just recovered from a severe illness, and likewise began the study of law.<ref name=EB1911/>
He then later with his brother, Wilhelm Grimm, wrote Grimms' Fairy Tales.

===Meeting von Savigny===
Jacob Grimm became inspired by the lectures of [[Friedrich Carl von Savigny]], a noted expert of [[Roman law]]; Wilhelm Grimm, in the preface to the ''Deutsche Grammatik'' (German Grammar), credits Savigny with giving the brothers an awareness of science. Savigny's lectures also awakened in Jacob a love for [[history|historical]] and [[classical antiquity|antiquarian]] investigation, which underlies all his work. It was in Savigny's library that Grimm first saw [[Johann Jakob Bodmer|Bodmer]]'s edition of the [[Middle High German]] minnesingers and other early texts, which gave him a desire to study their language.<ref name=EB1911/>

At the beginning of 1805, he was invited by Savigny to Paris, to help him in his literary work. There Grimm strengthened his taste for the [[Medieval literature|literature of the Middle Ages]]. Towards the close of the year, he returned to Kassel, where his mother and brother had settled after Wilhelm finished his studies. The following year, Jacob obtained a position in the war office with a small salary of 100 [[thalers]]. He complained that he had to exchange his stylish Paris suit for a stiff uniform and pigtail, but the role gave him spare time for the pursuit of his studies.<ref name=EB1911/>

===Librarianship===
In 1808, soon after the death of his mother, he was appointed superintendent of the private library of [[Jérôme Bonaparte]], King of [[Kingdom of Westphalia|Westphalia]], into which [[Electorate of Hesse|Hesse-Kassel]] had been incorporated by [[Napoleon]]. Grimm was appointed an auditor to the state council, while retaining his superintendent post. His salary rose to 4000 francs and his official duties were nominal. In 1813, after the expulsion of Bonaparte and the reinstatement of an elector, Grimm was appointed Secretary of Legation accompanying the Hessian minister to the headquarters of the allied army. In 1814, he was sent to Paris to demand restitution of books taken by the French, and he attended the [[Congress of Vienna]] as Secretary of Legation in 1814–1815. Upon his return from Vienna, he was sent to Paris again to secure book restitutions. Meanwhile, Wilhelm had obtained a job at the [[Universitätsbibliothek Kassel|Kassel library]], and Jacob was made second librarian under Volkel in 1816. Upon the death of Volkel in 1828, the brothers both expected promotion, and they were dissatisfied when the role of the first librarian was given to Rommel, the keeper of the archives. Consequently, they moved the following year to the [[University of Göttingen]], where Jacob was appointed professor and librarian, and Wilhelm under-librarian. Jacob Grimm lectured on legal antiquities, [[historical linguistics|historical grammar]], [[literary history]], and [[diplomatics]], explained Old German poems, and commented on the ''[[Germania (book)|Germania]]'' of [[Tacitus]].<ref name=EB1911/>

===Later work===
[[File:Elisabet Ney - Bust of Jacob Grimm (1856-58).jpg|thumb|[[Jacob Grimm (sculpture)|Marble bust]] of Grimm by [[Elisabet Ney]], carved 1856–58 in Berlin]]
Grimm joined other academics, known as the [[Göttingen Seven]], who signed a protest against the [[Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover|King of Hanover]]'s abrogation of the liberal constitution which had been established some years before.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Nichols |first1=Stephen G. |title=Medievalism and the Modernist Temper |date=1996 |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |page=143}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Andrews |first1=Charles McLean |title=The Historical Development of Modern Europe: From the Congress of Vienna to the Present Time, Volumes 1-2 |date=1898 |publisher=G. P. Putnam's sons |pages=265–266}}</ref> As a result, he was dismissed from his professorship and banished from the Kingdom of Hanover in 1837. He returned to Kassel with his brother, who had also signed the protest. They remained there until 1840 when they accepted King [[Frederick William IV]]'s invitation to move to the [[University of Berlin]], where they both received professorships and were elected members of the Academy of Sciences. Grimm was not under any obligation to lecture, and seldom did so; he spent his time working with his brother on their dictionary project. During their time in Kassel, he regularly attended the meetings of the academy and read papers on varied subjects, including [[Karl Konrad Friedrich Wilhelm Lachmann]], [[Friedrich Schiller]], old age, and the origin of language. He described his impressions of Italian and Scandinavian travel, interspersing more general observations with linguistic details.<ref name=EB1911/> He was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]] in 1857.<ref name=AAAS>{{cite web|title=Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter G|url=http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterG.pdf|publisher=American Academy of Arts and Sciences|access-date=9 September 2016}}</ref>

Grimm died in Berlin at the age of 78, working until the very end of his life. He describes his own work at the end of his autobiography:

<blockquote>
Nearly all my labours have been devoted, either directly or indirectly, to the investigation of our earlier language, poetry and laws. These studies may have appeared to many, and may still appear, useless; to me they have always seemed a noble and earnest task, definitely and inseparably connected with our common fatherland, and calculated to foster the love of it. My principle has always been in these investigations to under-value nothing, but to utilize the small for the illustration of the great, the popular tradition for the elucidation of the written monuments.<ref name=EB1911/>
</blockquote>

==Linguistic work==

===''History of the German Language''===
[[File:Letter from Jacob Grimm to Jan Frans Willems, Berlin, 26 april 1844.jpg|thumb|During the research for his 'History of the German Language' Grimm corresponded with numerous colleagues. Ghent University Library holds several letters between Jacob Grimm and [[Jan Frans Willems]].]]
Grimm's ''Geschichte der deutschen Sprache'' (History of the German Language) explores German history hidden in the words of the German language and is the oldest linguistic history of the Teutonic tribes. He collected scattered words and allusions from classical literature and tried to determine the relationship between the German language and those of the [[Getae]], Thracians, Scythians, and other nations whose languages were known only through Greek and Latin authors. Grimm's results were later greatly modified by a wider range of available comparisons and improved methods of investigation. Many questions that he raised remain obscure due to the lack of surviving records of the languages, but his book's influence was profound.<ref name=EB1911/>

===''German Grammar''===
Grimm's famous ''Deutsche Grammatik'' (German Grammar) was the outcome of his purely philological work. He drew on the work of past generations, from the humanists onwards, consulting an enormous collection of materials in the form of text editions, dictionaries, and grammars, mostly uncritical and unreliable. Some work had been done in the way of comparison and determination of general laws, and the concept of a comparative Germanic grammar had been grasped by the Englishman [[George Hickes (divine)|George Hickes]] by the beginning of the 18th century, in his ''Thesaurus''. [[Jan Jakob Lodewijk ten Kate|Ten Kate]] in the Netherlands had made valuable contributions to the history and comparison of Germanic languages. Grimm himself did not initially intend to include all the languages in his ''Grammar'', but he soon found that [[Old High German]] postulated [[Gothic language|Gothic]], and that the later stages of German could not be understood without the help of other [[West Germanic languages|West Germanic]] varieties including English, and that the [[literature of Scandinavia]] could not be ignored. The first edition of the first part of the ''Grammar'', which appeared in 1819, treated the inflections of all these languages, and included a general introduction in which he vindicated the importance of a historical study of the German language against the quasi-philosophical methods then in vogue.<ref name=EB1911/>

In 1822 the book appeared in a second edition (really a new work, for, as Grimm himself says in the preface, he had to "mow the first crop down to the ground"). The considerable gap between the two stages of Grimm's development of these editions is shown by the fact that the second volume addresses phonology in 600 pages – more than half the volume. Grimm had concluded that all philology must be based on rigorous adherence to the laws of [[sound change]], and he subsequently never deviated from this principle. This gave to all his investigations a consistency and force of conviction that had been lacking in the study of philology before his day.<ref name=EB1911/>

His advances have been attributed mainly to the influence of his contemporary [[Rasmus Christian Rask]]. Rask was two years younger than Grimm, but the Icelandic paradigms in Grimm's first editions are based entirely on Rask's grammar; in his second edition, he relied almost entirely on Rask for Old English. His debt to Rask is shown by comparing his treatment of [[Old English language|Old English]] in the two editions. For example, in the first edition he declines ''dæg, dæges'', plural ''dægas'', without having observed the law of [[vowel shift|vowel-change]] pointed out by Rask. (The correct plural is ''dagas.'') The appearance of Rask's Old English grammar was probably the primary impetus for Grimm to recast his work from the beginning. Rask was also the first to clearly formulate the laws of sound-correspondence in the different languages, especially in the vowels (previously ignored by [[etymologist]]s).<ref name=EB1911/>

The ''Grammar'' was continued in three volumes, treating principally derivation, composition and [[syntax]], the last of which was unfinished. Grimm then began a third edition, of which only one part, comprising the vowels, appeared in 1840, his time being afterwards taken up mainly by the dictionary. The ''Grammar'' is noted for its comprehensiveness, method and fullness of detail, with all his points illustrated by an almost exhaustive mass of material, and it has served as a model for all succeeding investigators. [[Friedrich Christian Diez|Diez]]'s grammar of the [[Romance language]]s is founded entirely on Grimm's methods, which have had a profound influence on the wider study of the [[Indo-European languages]] in general.<ref name=EB1911/>

===Grimm's law===
{{Main|Grimm's law}}
Jacob is recognized for enunciating [[Grimm's law]], the Germanic Sound Shift, which was first observed by the Danish philologist [[Rasmus Christian Rask]]. Grimm's law, also known as the "Rask-Grimm Rule" or the First Germanic Sound Shift, was the first law in linguistics concerning a non-trivial [[sound change]].  It was a turning point in the development of linguistics, enabling the introduction of a rigorous methodology to historic linguistic research.  It concerns the correspondence of consonants between the ancestral [[Proto-Indo-European language]] and its [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] descendants, [[Low German|Low Saxon]] and [[High German languages|High German]], and was first fully stated by Grimm in the second edition of the first part of his ''Grammar''. The correspondence of single consonants had been more or less clearly recognized by several of his predecessors, including [[Friedrich von Schlegel]], Rasmus Christian Rask and [[Johan Ihre]], the last having established a considerable number of ''literarum permutationes'', such as '''b''' for '''f''', with the examples ''bœra''&nbsp;=&nbsp;''ferre'' ("to bear"), ''befwer''&nbsp;=&nbsp;''fibra'' ("fiber"). Rask, in his essay on the origin of the [[Icelandic language]], gave the same comparisons, with a few additions and corrections, and even the same examples in most cases. As Grimm in the preface to his first edition expressly mentioned Rask's essay, there is every probability that it inspired his own investigations. But there is a wide difference between the isolated permutations described by his predecessors and his own comprehensive generalizations. The extension of the law to High German in any case is entirely Grimm's work.<ref name=EB1911/>

The idea that Grimm wished to deprive Rask of his priority claims is based on the fact that he does not expressly mention Rask's results in his second edition, but it was always his plan to refrain from all controversy or reference to the works of others. In his first edition, he calls attention to Rask's essay and praises it ungrudgingly. Nevertheless, a certain bitterness of feeling afterwards sprang up between Grimm and Rask, after Rask refused to consider the value of Grimm's views when they clashed with his own.<ref name=EB1911/>

===''German Dictionary''===
Grimm's monumental [[dictionary]] of the [[German Language]], the ''[[Deutsches Wörterbuch]]'', was started in 1838 and first published in 1854. The Brothers anticipated it would take 10 years and encompass some six to seven volumes. However, it was undertaken on so large a scale as to make it impossible for them to complete it. The dictionary, as far as it was worked on by Grimm himself, has been described as a collection of disconnected antiquarian essays of high value.<ref name=EB1911/> It was finally finished by subsequent scholars in 1961 and supplemented in 1971. At 33 volumes at some 330,000 headwords, it remains a standard work of reference to the present day. A current project at the [[Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities]] is underway to update the ''Deutsches Wörterbuch'' to modern academic standards. Volumes A–F were planned for completion in 2012 by the Language Research Centre at the [[Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities]] and the [[University of Göttingen]].

==Literary work==
The first work Jacob Grimm published, ''Über den altdeutschen Meistergesang'' (1811), was of a purely literary character. Yet even in this essay, Grimm showed that ''[[Minnesang]]'' and ''[[Meistersinger|Meistergesang]]'' were really one form of poetry, of which they merely represented different stages of development, and also announced his important discovery of the invariable division of the ''Lied'' into three strophic parts.

Grimm's text-editions were mostly prepared in conjunction with his brother. In 1812 they published the two ancient fragments of the ''[[Lay of Hildebrand|Hildebrandslied]]'' and the ''[[Wessobrunn Prayer|Weißenbrunner Gebet]]'', Jacob having discovered what until then had never been suspected — namely the [[alliteration]] in these poems. However, Jacob had little taste for text editing, and, as he himself confessed, working on a critical text gave him little pleasure. He therefore left this department to others, especially Lachmann, who soon turned his brilliant critical genius, trained in the severe school of classical philology, to Old and [[Middle High German]] poetry and metre.<ref name=EB1911/>

Both Brothers were attracted from the beginning by all national poetry, whether in the form of epics, ballads or popular tales. They published In 1816–1818 a collection of legends culled from diverse sources and published the two-volume ''Deutsche Sagen'' (German Legends). At the same time they collected all the folktales they could find, partly from the mouths of the people, partly from manuscripts and books, and published in 1812–1815 the first edition of those ''[[Grimms' Fairy Tales|Kinder- und Hausmärchen]]'' (Children's and Household Tales), which has carried the name of the brothers Grimm into every household of the western world. The closely related subject of the satirical [[beast epic]] of the [[Middle Ages]] also held great charm for Jacob Grimm, and he published an edition of the ''Reinhart Fuchs'' in 1834. His first contribution to mythology was the first volume of an edition of the [[Edda]]ic songs, undertaken jointly with his brother, and was published in 1815. However, this work was not followed by any others on the subject.<ref name=EB1911/>

The first edition of his ''[[Deutsche Mythologie]]'' (German Mythology) appeared in 1835. This work covered the whole range of the subject, attempting to trace the mythology and superstitions of the old [[Teutons]] back to the very dawn of direct evidence, and following their evolution to modern-day popular traditions, tales, and expressions.<ref name=EB1911/>

==Legal scholarship==
Grimm's work as a jurist was influential for the development of the [[history of law]], particularly in Northern Europe.

His essay ''Von der Poesie im Recht'' (''Poetry in Law'', 1816) developed a far-reaching, suprapositivist Romantic conception of law. The ''Deutsche Rechtsalterthümer'' (''German Legal Antiquities'', 1828) was a comprehensive compilation of sources of law from all Germanic languages, whose structure allowed an initial understanding of older German legal traditions not influenced by Roman law. Grimm's ''[[Weisthümer]]'' (4 vol., 1840–63), a compilation of partially oral legal traditions from rural Germany, allows research of the development of written law in Northern Europe.<ref>{{cite book | last= Dilcher | first= Gerhard |pages= 262 | chapter= Grimm, Jakob
|editor= Michael Stolleis |title= Juristen: ein biographisches Lexikon; von der Antike bis zum 20. Jahrhundert |edition= 2nd |year= 2001 |publisher= Beck |location= München |language= de |isbn= 3-406-45957-9}}</ref>

==Politics==
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix    = 
| name                = Jacob Grimm
| honorific_suffix    = MdFN
| image               = 
| alt                 = 
| caption             = 
| constituency_MP     = {{ill|Kreis Duisburg|lt=Kreis Duisburg|de|Kreis Duisburg}}
| parliament          = Frankfurt
| majority            = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by adding a number-->
| term_start          = [[1848 German federal election|24 May 1848]]
| term_end            = 2 October 1848{{efn|name=leave|leave of absence from 5 September 1848 to 2 October 1848}}
| predecessor         = [[German revolutions of 1848–1849|''Constituency established'']]
| successor           = {{ill|Carl Schorn (politician)|lt=Carl Schorn|de|Carl Schorn}}
| party               = [[Casino faction|Casino]]
}}

Jacob Grimm's work tied in strongly with his views on Germany and its culture. His work on both fairy tales and philology dealt with the country's origins. He wished for a united Germany, and, like his brother, supported the [[liberalism|Liberal]] movement for a constitutional monarchy and civil liberties, as demonstrated by their involvement in the [[Göttingen Seven|Göttingen Seven protest]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Zipes |first1=Jack |title=The Brothers Grimm: From Enchanted Forests to the Modern World, Second Edition |date=2002 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |pages=19–20 & 158}}</ref><ref name="NYTimes" /> In the [[The Revolutions of 1848 in the German states|German revolution of 1848]], he was elected to the [[Frankfurt Parliament|Frankfurt National Parliament]]. The people of Germany had demanded a constitution, so the Parliament, formed of elected members from various German states, met to form one. Grimm was selected for the office largely because of his part in the University of Göttingen's refusal to swear to the king of Hanover. In Frankfurt, he made some speeches and was adamant that the Danish-ruled but German-speaking duchy of [[Holstein]] be under German control. Grimm soon became disillusioned with the National Assembly and asked to be released from his duties to return to his studies.

He was elected to the [[American Philosophical Society]] in 1863.<ref>{{Cite web|title=APS Member History|url=https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=1863&year-max=1863&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced|access-date=2021-04-16|website=search.amphilsoc.org}}</ref>

== Death ==
Jacob Grimm died on 20 September 1863, in [[Berlin]], Germany from disease, at the age of 78.<ref name="NYTimes">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1863/10/09/archives/obituary-death-of-jacob-grimm.html|title=Obituary.; DEATH OF JACOB GRIMM.|date=9 October 1863|work=The New York Times|access-date=6 March 2019|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biography.com/people/jacob-grimm-21085187|title=Jacob Grimm|website=Biography|language=en-us|access-date=6 March 2019|archive-date=6 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306235242/https://www.biography.com/people/jacob-grimm-21085187|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Works==
The following is a complete list of Grimm's separately published works. Those he published with his brother are marked with a star (*). For a list of his essays in periodicals, etc., see vol. V of his ''Kleinere Schriften'', from which the present list is taken. His life is best studied in his own ''Selbstbiographie'', in vol. I of the ''Kleinere Schriften''. There is also a brief memoir by [[Karl Goedeke]] in ''Göttinger Professoren'' (Gotha (Perthes), 1872).<ref name=EB1911>{{EB1911|wstitle=Grimm, Jacob Ludwig Carl|inline=1|volume=12|pages=600–602|first=Henry|last=Sweet|authorlink=Henry Sweet}}</ref>

*''Über den altdeutschen Meistergesang'' (Göttingen, 1811)
*<nowiki>*</nowiki>''[[Grimms' Fairy Tales|Kinder- und Hausmärchen]]'' (Berlin, 1812–1815) (many editions)
*<nowiki>*</nowiki>''Das Lied von Hildebrand und des Weissenbrunner Gebet'' (Kassel, 1812)
*''Altdeutsche Wälder'' (Kassel, Frankfurt, 1813–1816, 3 vols.)
*<nowiki>*</nowiki>''Der arme Heinrich von Hartmann von der Aue'' (Berlin, 1815)
*''Irmenstrasse und Irmensäule'' (Vienna, 1815)
*<nowiki>*</nowiki>''Die Lieder der alten Edda'' (Berlin, 1815)
*''Silva de romances viejos'' (Vienna, 1815)
*<nowiki>*</nowiki>''Deutsche Sagen'' (Berlin, 1816–1818, 2nd ed., Berlin, 1865–1866)
*''Deutsche Grammatik'' (Göttingen, 1819, 2nd ed., Göttingen, 1822–1840) (reprinted 1870 by [[Wilhelm Scherer]], Berlin)
*''Wuk Stephanowitsch' Kleine Serbische Grammatik, verdeutscht mit einer Vorrede'' (Leipzig and Berlin, 1824) Vuk Stefanovic Karadzic – Serbian Grammar
*''Zur Recension der deutschen Grammatik'' (Kassel, 1826)
*<nowiki>*</nowiki>''Irische Elfenmärchen, aus dem Englischen'' (Leipzig, 1826)
*''Deutsche Rechtsaltertümer'' (Göttingen, 1828, 2nd ed., 1854)
*''Hymnorum veteris ecclesiae XXVI. interpretatio theodisca'' (Göttingen, 1830)
*''Reinhart Fuchs'' (Berlin, 1834)
*''[[Deutsche Mythologie]]'' (Göttingen, 1835, 3rd ed., 1854, 2 vols.)
*''Taciti Germania edidit'' (Göttingen, 1835)
*''Über meine Entlassung'' (Basel, 1838)
*(together with [[Schmeller]]) ''Lateinische Gedichte des X. und XI. Jahrhunderts'' (Göttingen, 1838)
*''Sendschreiben an Karl Lachmann über Reinhart Fuchs'' (Berlin, 1840)
*''Weistümer, Th. i.'' (Göttingen, 1840) (continued, partly by others, in 5 parts, 1840–1869)
*''Andreas und Elene'' (Kassel, 1840)
*''Frau Aventure'' (Berlin, 1842)
*''Geschichte der deutschen Sprache'' (Leipzig, 1848, 3rd ed., 1868, 2 vols.)
*''Des Wort des Besitzes'' (Berlin, 1850)
*<nowiki>*</nowiki>''Deutsches Wörterbuch'', Bd. i. (Leipzig, 1854)
*''Rede auf Wilhelm Grimm und Rede über das Alter'' (Berlin, 1868, 3rd ad., 1865)
*''Kleinere Schriften'' (F. Dümmler, Berlin, 1864–1884, 7 vols.).
** vol. 1 : ''Reden und Abhandlungen'' (1864, 2nd ed. 1879)
** vol. 2 : ''Abhandlungen zur Mythologie und Sittenkunde'' (1865)
** vol. 3 : ''Abhandlungen zur Litteratur und Grammatik'' (1866)
** vol. 4 : ''Recensionen und vermischte Aufsätze'', part I (1869)
** vol. 5 : ''Recensionen und vermischte Aufsätze'', part II (1871)
** vol. 6 : ''Recensionen und vermischte Aufsätze'', part III
** vol. 7 : ''Recensionen und vermischte Aufsätze'', part IV (1884)

==Citations==
{{Portal|Children's literature}}
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Jacob Grimm}}
{{Wikisource author}}
{{Wikiquote}}
* {{StandardEbooks|Standard Ebooks URL=https://standardebooks.org/ebooks/jacob-grimm_wilhelm-grimm|Display Name = the Brothers Grimm}}
*{{Gutenberg author |id=Grimm,+Jacob | name=Jacob Grimm}}
* {{FadedPage|id=Grimm, Jacob Ludwig Carl|name=Jacob Ludwig Carl Grimm|author=yes}}
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Jacob Grimm}}
* {{Librivox author |id=3190}}
* Works co-authored by Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm: {{Librivox author |id=4098}}<!--Same person has multiple IDs at LV-->
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=xXJKAAAAYAAJ&dq=Teutonic%20Mythology%20by%20Jacob%20Grimm&pg=PP1 Teutonic Mythology], English translation of Grimm's ''Deutsche Mythologie'' (1880).
*[http://www.surlalunefairytales.com/authors/grimms.html Household Tales by the Brothers Grimm, translated by Margaret Hunt] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100103093810/http://surlalunefairytales.com/authors/grimms.html |date=3 January 2010 }}  (This site is the only one to feature all of the Grimms' notes translated in English along with the tales from Hunt's original edition.  Andrew Lang's introduction is also included.)
* {{DNB-Portal|118542257}}
* {{DDB|Person|118542257}}
* {{HessBib PPN|12101696X}}
* {{Meyers Online|7|741|spezialkapitel=Grimm|kapiteltext=Grimm, 2) Jakob Ludwig Karl}}
* [http://www.woerterbuchnetz.de/DWB The Grimm dictionary online]
* [http://www.dhm.de/lemo/biografie/biografie-jacob-grimm.html Biography at LeMO-Portal]

{{Brothers Grimm}}
{{German literature}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Grimm, Jakob}}
[[Category:1785 births]]
[[Category:1863 deaths]]
[[Category:19th-century German writers]]
[[Category:19th-century German male writers]]
[[Category:19th-century German jurists]]
[[Category:19th-century philologists]]
[[Category:People from Hanau]]
[[Category:People from the Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel]]
[[Category:Brothers Grimm| ]]
[[Category:Members of the Frankfurt Parliament]]
[[Category:19th-century German anthropologists]]
[[Category:19th-century German linguists]]
[[Category:German philologists]]
[[Category:German lexicographers]]
[[Category:German male non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:Writers on Germanic paganism]]
[[Category:Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences]]
[[Category:Germanic studies scholars]]
[[Category:Grammarians from Germany]]
[[Category:Linguists of German]]
[[Category:Mythographers]]
[[Category:Linguists of Germanic languages]]
[[Category:Linguists of Indo-European languages]]
[[Category:University of Marburg alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Göttingen]]
[[Category:Members of the Prussian Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Members of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Members of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (civil class)]]
[[Category:Members of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences and Humanities]]
[[Category:International members of the American Philosophical Society]]