Editing Jackson County, Kansas

{{short description|County in Kansas, United States}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox U.S. county
|county             = Jackson County
|state              = Kansas
|type               = [[County (United States)|County]]
|ex image           = Jackson County Courthouse (Kansas).jpg
|ex image cap       = Jackson County Courthouse in [[Holton, Kansas|Holton]] (2023)
|founded            = February 11, 1859
|named for          = [[Andrew Jackson]]
|seat wl            = Holton
|largest city wl    = Holton
|area_total_sq_mi   = 658
|area_land_sq_mi    = 656
|area_water_sq_mi   = 1.8
|area percentage    = 0.3%
|population_footnotes = <ref name="QF" />
|population_as_of   = 2020
|population_total   = 13232
|pop_est_footnotes  = <ref>{{Cite web |title=Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023 |url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-counties-total.html |access-date=March 24, 2024 |publisher=United States Census Bureau}}</ref>
|pop_est_as_of      = 2023
|population_est     = 13368 {{gain}}
|density_sq_mi      = auto
|area codes         =
|district           = 1st
|district2          = 2nd
|time zone          = Central
|website            = {{URL|https://jacksoncountyks.com/|jacksoncountyks.com}}
|coordinates        = {{Coord|39|24|N|95|50|W|type:adm2nd_region:US-KS|display=title}}
}}

'''Jackson County''' is a [[County (United States)|county]] in the [[U.S. state]] of [[Kansas]].  Its [[county seat]] and most populous city is [[Holton, Kansas|Holton]].<ref name="GR6">{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |access-date=June 7, 2011 |title=Find a County |publisher=National Association of Counties |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |archive-date=May 31, 2011 }}</ref>  As of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], the county population was 13,232.<ref name="QF">{{cite web |title=QuickFacts; Jackson County, Kansas; Population, Census, 2020 & 2010 |url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/jacksoncountykansas/POP010220 |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=August 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817031527/https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/jacksoncountykansas/POP010220 |archive-date=August 17, 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref>  The county, first named Calhoun County for pro-slavery South Carolina Senator [[John C. Calhoun]], was renamed in 1859 for President [[Andrew Jackson]].<ref>{{cite book | url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_9V1IAAAAMAAJ | title=The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States | publisher=Govt. Print. Off. | author=Gannett, Henry | year=1905 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_9V1IAAAAMAAJ/page/n166 167]}}</ref>  The [[Prairie Band Potawatomi Indian Reservation]], near the center of the county, comprises about 18.5% of the county's area.

==History==

===Early history===
{{See also|History of Kansas}}
For many millennia, the [[Great Plains]] of North America was inhabited by nomadic [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]]. From the 16th century to 18th century, the [[Kingdom of France]] claimed ownership of large parts of North America. In 1762, after the [[French and Indian War]], France secretly ceded [[New France]] to [[Spain]], per the [[Treaty of Fontainebleau (1762)|Treaty of Fontainebleau]].

===19th century===
In 1802, Spain returned most of the land to France, but keeping title to about {{convert|7,500|sqmi|km2|abbr=on|sp=us}}. In 1803, most of the land for [[History of Kansas|modern day Kansas]] was acquired by the United States from France as part of the {{convert|828,000|sqmi|km2|abbr=on|sp=us}} [[Louisiana Purchase]] for 2.83 [[Penny (United States coin)|cents]] per [[acre]].

In 1854, the [[Kansas Territory]] was organized, then in 1861 Kansas became the 34th U.S. state. In 1859, '''Jackson County''' was established.

==Geography==
According to the [[U.S. Census Bureau]], the county has an area of {{convert|658|sqmi}}, of which {{convert|656|sqmi}} is land and {{convert|1.8|sqmi}} (0.3%) is water.<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=April 23, 2011|date=February 12, 2011|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref>

===Adjacent counties===
* [[Brown County, Kansas|Brown County]] (northeast)
* [[Atchison County, Kansas|Atchison County]] (east)
* [[Jefferson County, Kansas|Jefferson County]] (southeast)
* [[Shawnee County, Kansas|Shawnee County]] (south)
* [[Pottawatomie County, Kansas|Pottawatomie County]] (west)
* [[Nemaha County, Kansas|Nemaha County]] (northwest)

==Demographics==
[[File:USA Jackson County, Kansas age pyramid.svg|thumb|left|175px|[[Population pyramid]] based on 2000 census age data]]
{{US Census population
|1860= 1936
|1870= 6053
|1880= 10718
|1890= 14626
|1900= 17117
|1910= 16861
|1920= 15495
|1930= 14776
|1940= 13382
|1950= 11098
|1960= 10309
|1970= 10342
|1980= 11644
|1990= 11525
|2000= 12657
|2010= 13462
|2020= 13232
|estyear=2023
|estimate=13368
|estref=<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.html|title=Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=April 3, 2024}}</ref>
|align-fn=center
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=U.S. Decennial Census|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=July 26, 2014}}</ref><br />1790-1960<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mapserver.lib.virginia.edu|title=Historical Census Browser|publisher=University of Virginia Library|access-date=July 26, 2014}}</ref> 1900-1990<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/cencounts/ks190090.txt|title=Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=July 26, 2014}}</ref><br />1990-2000<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100327165705/http://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf |archive-date=March 27, 2010 |url-status=live|title=Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=July 26, 2014}}</ref> 2010-2020<ref name="QF" />
}}

Jackson County is included in the [[Topeka metropolitan area]].

As of the [[2000 United States Census|2000 census]],<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=January 31, 2008 |title=U.S. Census website }}</ref> there were 12,657 people, 4,727 households, and 3,507 families residing in the county. The [[population density]] was {{convert|19|/mi2|/km2|disp=preunit|people&nbsp;|people|}}. There were 5,094 housing units at an average density of {{convert|8|/mi2|/km2|}}. The county's [[Race (United States Census)|racial makeup]] was 90.21% [[White American|White]], 6.84% [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]], 0.53% [[Black American|Black]] or [[African American]], 0.17% [[Asian American|Asian]], 0.02% [[Pacific Islander American|Pacific Islander]], 0.39% from other races, and 1.84% from [[Multiracial|two or more races]]. [[Hispanic]] or [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Latino]] of any race were 1.49% of the population.

There were 4,727 [[household]]s, of which 35.20% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.30% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 8.20% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.80% were non-families. 22.70% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.50% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 3.09.

28.30% of the county's residents were under the age of 18, 6.80% were from 18 to 24, 26.70% were from 25 to 44, 23.40% were from 45 to 64, and 14.90% were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.80 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.80 males.

The county's [[median household income]] was $40,451, and the median family income was $46,520. Males had a median income of $32,195 versus $22,305 for females. The county's [[per capita income]] was $18,606. About 6.40% of families and 8.80% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 12.50% of those under age 18 and 9.20% of those age 65 or over.

==Government==

===Presidential elections===
Jackson County has supported the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]] candidate in every presidential election from 1936 onward. [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]] candidates for president have only won the county twice since 1880, in 1912 & 1932.
{{Hidden
|headercss  = background: #ccccff; font-size: 100%; width: 100%;
|contentcss = text-align: left; font-size: 100%; width: 100%;
|header     = Presidential election results
|content    =
{{PresHead|place=Jackson County, Kansas|source=<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS|title=Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections|last=Leip|first=David|website=uselectionatlas.org|access-date=March 19, 2018}}</ref>}}
<!-- PresRow should be {{PresRow|Year|Winning party|GOP vote #|Dem vote #|3rd party vote #|State}} -->
{{PresRow|2024|Republican|4,557|1,799|143|Kansas}}
{{PresRow|2020|Republican|4,517|1,881|186|Kansas}}
{{PresRow|2016|Republican|3,939|1,512|367|Kansas}}
{{PresRow|2012|Republican|3,527|1,901|133|Kansas}}
{{PresRow|2008|Republican|3,811|2,308|134|Kansas}}
{{PresRow|2004|Republican|3,730|2,064|94|Kansas}}
{{PresRow|2000|Republican|3,001|1,990|259|Kansas}}
{{PresRow|1996|Republican|2,682|1,983|795|Kansas}}
{{PresRow|1992|Republican|1,970|1,639|1,943|Kansas}}
{{PresRow|1988|Republican|2,759|2,261|55|Kansas}}
{{PresRow|1984|Republican|3,466|1,667|46|Kansas}}
{{PresRow|1980|Republican|3,211|1,537|322|Kansas}}
{{PresRow|1976|Republican|2,725|2,129|114|Kansas}}
{{PresRow|1972|Republican|3,363|1,191|118|Kansas}}
{{PresRow|1968|Republican|2,678|1,225|508|Kansas}}
{{PresRow|1964|Republican|2,334|1,971|31|Kansas}}
{{PresRow|1960|Republican|3,279|1,567|15|Kansas}}
{{PresRow|1956|Republican|3,469|1,356|12|Kansas}}
{{PresRow|1952|Republican|4,161|1,358|8|Kansas}}
{{PresRow|1948|Republican|3,166|1,958|41|Kansas}}
{{PresRow|1944|Republican|3,665|1,567|25|Kansas}}
{{PresRow|1940|Republican|4,306|2,397|34|Kansas}}
{{PresRow|1936|Republican|3,680|3,265|14|Kansas}}
{{PresRow|1932|Democratic|3,271|3,442|86|Kansas}}
{{PresRow|1928|Republican|4,811|1,602|40|Kansas}}
{{PresRow|1924|Republican|4,391|1,419|367|Kansas}}
{{PresRow|1920|Republican|3,753|1,562|31|Kansas}}
{{PresRow|1916|Republican|3,451|2,914|94|Kansas}}
{{PresRow|1912|Democratic|1,027|1,565|1,331|Kansas}}
{{PresRow|1908|Republican|2,201|1,494|58|Kansas}}
{{PresRow|1904|Republican|2,547|919|171|Kansas}}
{{PresRow|1900|Republican|2,291|1,745|43|Kansas}}
{{PresRow|1896|Republican|2,158|1,955|33|Kansas}}
{{PresRow|1892|Republican|1,825|0|1,623|Kansas}}
{{PresFoot|1888|Republican|1,979|1,220|105|Kansas}}
}}<!-- End of Hidden template -->

===Laws===
Following an amendment to the [[Kansas Constitution]] in 1986, the county remained a prohibition, or [[dry county|"dry"]], county until 2004, when voters approved the sale of alcoholic liquor by the individual drink with a 30% food sales requirement.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ksrevenue.org/abcwetdrymap.htm |title=Map of Wet and Dry Counties |publisher=Alcoholic Beverage Control, Kansas Department of Revenue |date=November 2006 |access-date=December 26, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071008013617/http://www.ksrevenue.org/abcwetdrymap.htm |archive-date=October 8, 2007 }}</ref> The food sales requirement was removed in 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jacksoncountyks.com/Official%20Results%20November%203_%202020%20[1].xlsx |title=2020 election results|publisher=Jackson County, Kansas Election Officer}}</ref>

The county voted "No" on the [[2022 Kansas abortion referendum]], an anti-abortion ballot measure, by 52% to 48% despite backing [[Donald Trump]] with 69% of the vote to [[Joe Biden]]'s 29% in the [[2020 United States presidential election|2020 presidential election]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/14-out-19-counties-that-rejected-kansas-anti-abortion-measure-backed-trump-2022-8|title=14 of the 19 Kansas counties that rejected an anti-abortion amendment voted for Trump in 2020|publisher=Business Insider|last=Panetta|first=Grace|date=August 3, 2022|accessdate=August 3, 2022}}</ref>

==Education==

===Unified school districts===
* [[Jackson Heights USD 335]]
* [[Holton USD 336]]
* [[Royal Valley USD 337]]<ref>[https://www.rv337.com/ Royal Valley USD 337]</ref>

==Communities==
[[Image:Map of Jackson Co, Ks, USA.png|thumb|300px|2005 map of Jackson County<ref name="County-Map-Current"/> ([[:File:Kansas official transportation map legend.png|map legend]])]]
List of townships / incorporated cities / unincorporated communities / extinct former communities within Jackson County.<ref name="County-Map-Current">{{cite web |title=General Highway Map of Jackson County, Kansas |url=https://www.ksdot.gov/Assets/wwwksdotorg/bureaus/burTransPlan/maps/county-pdf/jackson.PDF |publisher=[[Kansas Department of Transportation]] (KDOT) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618162539/https://www.ksdot.gov/Assets/wwwksdotorg/bureaus/burTransPlan/maps/county-pdf/jackson.PDF |archive-date=June 18, 2023 |date=January 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Cities===
{{div col}}
* [[Circleville, Kansas|Circleville]]
* [[Delia, Kansas|Delia]]
* [[Denison, Kansas|Denison]]
* [[Holton, Kansas|Holton]] (county seat) 
* [[Hoyt, Kansas|Hoyt]]
* [[Mayetta, Kansas|Mayetta]]
* [[Netawaka, Kansas|Netawaka]]
* [[Soldier, Kansas|Soldier]]
* [[Whiting, Kansas|Whiting]]
{{div col end}}

===Unincorporated communities===
‡ means a community has portions in an adjacent county.
* [[Birmingham, Kansas|Birmingham]]
* [[Larkinburg, Kansas|Larkinburg]]‡

===Indian reservations===
* [[Kickapoo Tribe in Kansas|Kickapoo Reservation]]‡
* [[Prairie Band Potawatomi Indian Reservation]]

===Townships===
Jackson County is divided into fifteen [[Civil township|townships]]. The city of [[Holton, Kansas|Holton]] is considered ''governmentally independent'' and is excluded from the census figures for the townships. In the following table, the population center is the largest city (or cities) included in that township's population total, if it is of a significant size.

{| class="toccolours" border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=4 style="text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse; font-size:90%;"
|- style="background:#ccccff"
! Township !! [[FIPS place code|FIPS]] !! Population<br/>center
! Population !! Population<br/>density<br/><small>/km<sup>2</sup> (/sq&nbsp;mi)</small>
! Land area<br/><small>km<sup>2</sup> (sq&nbsp;mi)</small> !! Water area<br/><small>km<sup>2</sup> (sq&nbsp;mi)</small> !! Water %
! Geographic coordinates
|-
| [[Adrian Township, Jackson County, Kansas|Adrian]] || 00350 || || 150 || 2 (5) || 77 (30) || 0 (0) || 0.25% || {{coord|39|21|17|N|95|59|43|W|}}
|-
| [[Banner Township, Jackson County, Kansas|Banner]] || 04025 || || 300 || 3 (8) || 93 (36) || 1 (0) || 0.70% || {{coord|39|26|5|N|95|50|25|W|}}
|-
| [[Cedar Township, Jackson County, Kansas|Cedar]] || 11275 || || 1,254 || 12 (31) || 103 (40) || 0 (0) || 0.03% || {{coord|39|20|53|N|95|40|44|W|}}
|-
| [[Douglas Township, Jackson County, Kansas|Douglas]] || 18350 || || 2,135 || 13 (33) || 168 (65) || 0 (0) || 0.07% || {{coord|39|15|34|N|95|41|2|W|}}
|-
| [[Franklin Township, Jackson County, Kansas|Franklin]] || 24400 || || 776 || 9 (24) || 84 (32) || 3 (1) || 3.28% || {{coord|39|26|41|N|95|44|35|W|}}
|-
| [[Garfield Township, Jackson County, Kansas|Garfield]] || 25625 || || 624 || 7 (18) || 88 (34) || 0 (0) || 0.49% || {{coord|39|25|35|N|95|38|9|W|}}
|-
| [[Grant Township, Jackson County, Kansas|Grant]] || 27700 || || 212 || 2 (5) || 109 (42) || 0 (0) || 0.10% || {{coord|39|26|47|N|95|58|14|W|}}
|-
| [[Jefferson Township, Jackson County, Kansas|Jefferson]] || 35225 || || 494 || 5 (14) || 94 (36) || 0 (0) || 0.12% || {{coord|39|31|0|N|95|50|38|W|}}
|-
| [[Liberty Township, Jackson County, Kansas|Liberty]] || 40125 || || 513 || 6 (15) || 92 (35) || 0 (0) || 0.16% || {{coord|39|31|3|N|95|44|36|W|}}
|-
| [[Lincoln Township, Jackson County, Kansas|Lincoln]] || 40750 || || 1,046 || 4 (11) || 255 (98) || 0 (0) || 0.05% || {{coord|39|19|40|N|95|50|26|W|}}
|-
| [[Netawaka Township, Jackson County, Kansas|Netawaka]] || 49975 || || 361 || 4 (10) || 93 (36) || 0 (0) || 0.13% || {{coord|39|36|42|N|95|43|47|W|}}
|-
| [[Soldier Township, Jackson County, Kansas|Soldier]] || 66200 || || 403 || 4 (9) || 110 (43) || 0 (0) || 0.17% || {{coord|39|31|22|N|95|58|27|W|}}
|-
| [[Straight Creek Township, Jackson County, Kansas|Straight Creek]] || 68475 || || 158 || 2 (4) || 95 (37) || 0 (0) || 0.30% || {{coord|39|31|24|N|95|37|0|W|}}
|-
| [[Washington Township, Jackson County, Kansas|Washington]] || 75625 || || 516 || 4 (10) || 139 (54) || 0 (0) || 0.13% || {{coord|39|15|5|N|95|58|1|W|}}
|-
| [[Whiting Township, Jackson County, Kansas|Whiting]] || 78125 || || 362 || 4 (10) || 93 (36) || 0 (0) || 0.11% || {{coord|39|36|4|N|95|36|57|W|}}
|-
|colspan=9|Sources: {{Cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/places2k.html |title=Census 2000 U.S. Gazetteer Files |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau, Geography Division |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020802223743/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/places2k.html |archive-date=August 2, 2002 }}
|}

==See also==
{{Portal|Kansas}}
* [[National Register of Historic Places listings in Jackson County, Kansas]]
{{See also Kansas counties}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
{{Kansas books}}
* [http://www.kansasmemory.org/item/223959/ ''Standard Atlas of Jackson County, Kansas'']; Geo. A. Ogle & Co; 66 pages; 1921.
* [http://www.kansasmemory.org/item/209404/ ''Plat Book of Jackson County, Kansas'']; North West Publishing Co; 39 pages; 1903.

==External links==
{{Commons category|Jackson County, Kansas}}
;County
* {{Official website|https://www.jacksoncountyks.com/|Jackson County - Official}}
* [https://www.lkm.org/members/?id=41260443 Jackson County - Directory of Public Officials]
;Maps
* Jackson County Maps: [https://www.ksdot.org/Assets/wwwksdotorg/bureaus/burTransPlan/maps/county-pdf/jackson.PDF Current], [https://www.ksdot.org/bureaus/burtransplan/maps/PastPublishedCounty.asp Historic], KDOT
* Kansas Highway Maps: [https://www.ksdot.org/burtransplan/maps/MapsState.asp Current], [https://www.ksdot.org/burtransplan/maps/HistoricStateMaps.asp Historic], KDOT
* Kansas Railroad Maps: [https://www.ksdot.org/BurTransPlan/maps/RRStateMap.asp Current], [https://www.kansasmemory.org/item/227379 1996], [https://www.kansasmemory.org/item/227380 1915], KDOT and Kansas Historical Society

{{Geographic location
|Center    = Jackson County, Kansas
|North     = 
|Northeast = [[Brown County, Kansas|Brown County]]
|East      = [[Atchison County, Kansas|Atchison County]]
|Southeast = [[Jefferson County, Kansas|Jefferson County]]
|South     = [[Shawnee County, Kansas|Shawnee County]]
|Southwest = 
|West      = [[Pottawatomie County, Kansas|Pottawatomie County]]
|Northwest = [[Nemaha County, Kansas|Nemaha County]]
}}

{{Jackson County, Kansas}}
{{Kansas}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Jackson County, Kansas| ]]
[[Category:Kansas counties]]
[[Category:1859 establishments in Kansas Territory]]
[[Category:Topeka metropolitan area, Kansas]]