Editing Jackson, Missouri

{{Distinguish|Jackson County, Missouri}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name                     = Jackson, Missouri
| settlement_type          = [[City]]
| nickname                 = 
| motto                    = <!-- Images -->
| image_skyline            = Jackson MO.JPG
| imagesize                = 250x200px
| image_caption            = Old Cape Girardeau County Courthouse
| image_flag               = 
| image_seal               = <!-- Maps -->
| image_map                = Cape_Girardeau_County_Missouri_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Jackson_Highlighted.svg
| mapsize                  = 250x200px
| map_caption              = Location of Jackson in Cape Girardeau County, Missouri.
| pushpin_map             = Missouri#USA
| pushpin_relief            = yes
| pushpin_label_position  = 
| pushpin_label           = Jackson
| map_caption1             = <!-- Location -->
| subdivision_type         = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name         = United States
| subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_name1        = [[Missouri]]
| subdivision_type2        = [[List of counties in Missouri|County]]
| subdivision_name2        = [[Cape Girardeau County, Missouri|Cape Girardeau]]
| government_footnotes     = 
| government_type          = 
| leader_title             = 
| leader_name              = 
| leader_title1            = 
| leader_name1             = 
| established_title        = 
| established_date         =

<!-- Area -->
| unit_pref                = Imperial
| area_footnotes           = <ref name="TigerWebMapServer">{{cite web|title=ArcGIS REST Services Directory|url=https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=August 28, 2022}}</ref>
| area_magnitude           = 
| area_total_km2           = 27.87
| area_land_km2            = 27.83
| area_water_km2           = 0.04
| area_total_sq_mi         = 10.76
| area_land_sq_mi          = 10.75
| area_water_sq_mi         = 0.01

<!-- Population -->| population_as_of         = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
| population_footnotes     = 
| population_total         = 15481
| population_density_km2   = 556.24
| population_density_sq_mi = 1440.63
| population_blank1_title = [[Demonym]]
| population_blank1  = Jacksonian

<!-- General information -->| timezone                 = [[North American Central Time Zone|Central (CST)]]
| utc_offset               = -6
| timezone_DST             = CDT
| utc_offset_DST           = -5
| elevation_footnotes      = <ref name=gnis/>
| elevation_m              = 
| elevation_ft             = 466
| coordinates              = {{coord|37|22|48|N|89|39|29|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}}
| postal_code_type         = [[ZIP Code]]
| postal_code              = 63755
| area_code                = [[Area code 573|573]]
| blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
| blank_info               = 29-35648<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=2008-01-31 |title=U.S. Census website }}</ref>
| blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info              = 0720202<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|720202}}</ref>
| website                  = {{URL|http://www.jacksonmo.org/|City website}}
| footnotes                = 
| pop_est_as_of            = 
| pop_est_footnotes        = 
| population_est           = 
| named_for                = [[Andrew Jackson]]
}}

'''Jackson''' is a city in and the [[county seat]] of [[Cape Girardeau County, Missouri|Cape Girardeau County]], [[Missouri]], United States.<ref name="GR6">{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |access-date=2011-06-07 |title=Find a County |publisher=National Association of Counties |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |archive-date=May 31, 2011 }}</ref> It is a principal city of the [[Cape Girardeau, Missouri|Cape Girardeau]]&ndash;Jackson, MO-[[Illinois|IL]] [[Cape Girardeau-Jackson metropolitan area|Metropolitan Statistical]] Area. The population of Jackson was 15,481 at the 2020 census.<ref name="2020 census" />

==History==

In 1813, Cape Girardeau County succeeded Cape Girardeau District, and the Court of Common Pleas and the Court of General Quarter-Sessions of the Peace in Cape Girardeau were superseded by the Court of Common Pleas, leading to a new seat of justice.  The seat of the county and the courts were at first held on the plantation of Thomas Bull about one and one-half mile south of present-day Jackson. Land was then purchased along Hubble Creek for the county seat in 1814.

The first post office was established in 1814 when the area was called Birdstown.<ref name="Anniversaries 1949">{{cite news | title = Anniversaries in 1949 of Events Recorded in The Missourian Files | work =Southeast Missouri | location = Cape Girardeau, Missouri | date = January 29, 1949}}</ref> The name was changed to Jackson on August 31, 1819, named for [[Andrew Jackson]], a general popular for his role in the [[War of 1812]].<ref>{{cite book | url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_RfAuAAAAYAAJ | title=How Missouri Counties, Towns and Streams Were Named | publisher=The State Historical Society of Missouri | author=Eaton, David Wolfe | year=1916 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_RfAuAAAAYAAJ/page/n38 270]}}</ref> It was the first town to be named after Andrew Jackson. The town was [[plat]]ted in 1815. The ''Missouri Herald'', the third newspaper in state, was established here on June 25, 1819.<ref name="Anniversaries 1949"/> In 1818, the town already had a population of 300. The first county courthouse was built in 1818 on Jackson's public square.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.semissourian.com/blogs/fromthemorgue/entry/57715| title=10th Anniversary Edition: Celebrating Jackson's bicentennial |newspaper=Southeast Missourian | date=April 10, 2015}}</ref>

Although its initial growth was rapid, the economy of the City of Jackson developed conservatively. The town suffered a setback in June, 1833, when [[Cholera]] spread killing 128.  Cholera struck again on June 10, 1852, causing all abled bodies to flee the town until the epidemic had run its course.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.semissourian.com/blogs/fromthemorgue/entry/62194| title=10th Anniversary Edition: The History of Jackson |newspaper=Southeast Missourian | date=June 2, 2015}}</ref> In 1841, a bank was established. A flour mill was constructed in 1855 and another in 1873. But the community could not escape the impact of the [[American Civil War]]; on June 24, 1861, a military skirmish took place near Jackson between units of the [[Union Army]] and the [[Confederate Army]].

In 1877, Jackson was linked to Cape Girardeau by the first long-distance railway service line in Missouri. By 1884, the population of the City of Jackson had grown to 2,105, and the town supported 50 businesses.  In 1884, by popular vote, it was decided to incorporate Jackson as a city of the fourth class. The courthouse built in 1818 burned down in 1870. The current courthouse was built in 1908 and is “on the square” in the center of Uptown Jackson where Jones Drug Store still runs and serves the community since 1871.<ref>{{cite web|title=Brief History of Jackson|url=http://www.jacksonmo.org/AboutJackson/history.aspx|website=jacksonmo.org|access-date=17 October 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021041016/http://www.jacksonmo.org/AboutJackson/history.aspx|archive-date=21 October 2014}}</ref>

The [[Big Hill Farmstead Historic District]], [[Abraham Byrd House]], [[Frizel-Welling House]], [[Jackson Uptown Commercial Historic District]], and [[McKendree Chapel]] are listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]].<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|version=2010a}}</ref>

==Geography==
Jackson is located on [[US Route 61]] approximately seven miles northwest of [[Cape Girardeau, Missouri|Cape Girardeau]]. [[Hubble Creek (Castor River Diversion Channel tributary)|Hubble Creek]] and its tributary [[Goose Creek (Hubble Creek tributary)|Goose Creek]] flow through the city.<ref>''Missouri Atlas & Gazetteer'', Delorme, 1st ed., 1998, p. 58 {{isbn|0899332242}}</ref>

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|10.96|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, of which {{convert|10.94|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is land and {{convert|0.02|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is water.<ref name="Gazetteer files">{{cite web|title=US Gazetteer files 2010 |url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=2012-07-08 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112090031/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |archive-date=January 12, 2012 }}</ref>

===Climate===
{{Weather box
|location = Jackson, Missouri (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1901–present)
|single line = Y
| Jan record high F = 77
| Feb record high F = 82
| Mar record high F = 88
| Apr record high F = 94
| May record high F = 99
| Jun record high F = 108
| Jul record high F = 112
| Aug record high F = 111
| Sep record high F = 110
| Oct record high F = 96
| Nov record high F = 87
| Dec record high F = 75
| year record high F = 112
| Jan high F = 41.2
| Feb high F = 46.2
| Mar high F = 56.7
| Apr high F = 68.6
| May high F = 78.2
| Jun high F = 87.0
| Jul high F = 90.2
| Aug high F = 88.9
| Sep high F = 81.8
| Oct high F = 70.1
| Nov high F = 55.2
| Dec high F = 44.6
| year high F = 67.4
| Jan mean F = 32.4
| Feb mean F = 36.4
| Mar mean F = 46.0
| Apr mean F = 57.2
| May mean F = 67.3
| Jun mean F = 76.1
| Jul mean F = 79.6
| Aug mean F = 78.0
| Sep mean F = 70.2
| Oct mean F = 58.3
| Nov mean F = 45.3
| Dec mean F = 36.2
| year mean F = 56.9
| Jan low F = 23.7
| Feb low F = 26.6
| Mar low F = 35.3
| Apr low F = 45.7
| May low F = 56.4
| Jun low F = 65.3
| Jul low F = 68.9
| Aug low F = 67.1
| Sep low F = 58.7
| Oct low F = 46.5
| Nov low F = 35.4
| Dec low F = 27.9
| year low F = 46.5
| Jan record low F = −26
| Feb record low F = −24
| Mar record low F = -2
| Apr record low F = 21
| May record low F = 29
| Jun record low F = 39
| Jul record low F = 44
| Aug record low F = 40
| Sep record low F = 29
| Oct record low F = 17
| Nov record low F = -6
| Dec record low F = −24
| year record low F = -26
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation inch = 3.34
| Feb precipitation inch = 3.68
| Mar precipitation inch = 5.01
| Apr precipitation inch = 5.51
| May precipitation inch = 5.53
| Jun precipitation inch = 4.20
| Jul precipitation inch = 4.29
| Aug precipitation inch = 3.61
| Sep precipitation inch = 3.40
| Oct precipitation inch = 3.65
| Nov precipitation inch = 4.57
| Dec precipitation inch = 3.70
| year precipitation inch = 50.49
| Jan snow inch = 2.2
| Feb snow inch = 1.2
| Mar snow inch = 1.5
| Apr snow inch = 0.0
| May snow inch = 0.0
| Jun snow inch = 0.0
| Jul snow inch = 0.0
| Aug snow inch = 0.0
| Sep snow inch = 0.0
| Oct snow inch = 0.1
| Nov snow inch = 0.1
| Dec snow inch = 2.4
| year snow inch = 7.5
| unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
| Jan precipitation days = 9.8
| Feb precipitation days = 8.4
| Mar precipitation days = 11.4
| Apr precipitation days = 10.7
| May precipitation days = 11.5
| Jun precipitation days = 9.2
| Jul precipitation days = 8.8
| Aug precipitation days = 7.7
| Sep precipitation days = 6.8
| Oct precipitation days = 7.6
| Nov precipitation days = 9.2
| Dec precipitation days = 9.4
| year precipitation days = 110.5
| unit snow days = 0.1 in
| Jan snow days = 1.1
| Feb snow days = 0.9
| Mar snow days = 0.3
| Apr snow days = 0.0
| May snow days = 0.0
| Jun snow days = 0.0
| Jul snow days = 0.0
| Aug snow days = 0.0
| Sep snow days = 0.0
| Oct snow days = 0.0
| Nov snow days = 0.1
| Dec snow days = 0.6
| year snow days = 3.0
|source 1 = [[NOAA]]<ref name = NOAA >{{cite web
| url = https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=pah
| title = NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data
| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
| access-date = July 24, 2021
| archive-date = August 3, 2021
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210803040334/https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=pah
| url-status = dead
}}</ref><ref name=NCEI>
{{cite web
| url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&startDate=0001-01-01&endDate=9996-12-31&stations=USC00234226&format=pdf
| title = Station: Jackson, MO
| work = U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991-2020)
| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
| access-date = July 24, 2021}}</ref>
}}

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1860= 433
|1870= 459
|1880= 795
|1890= 941
|1900= 1658
|1910= 2105
|1920= 2114
|1930= 2465
|1940= 3113
|1950= 3707
|1960= 4875
|1970= 5896
|1980= 7827
|1990= 9256
|2000= 11947
|2010= 13758
|2020= 15481
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref> 2020<ref name="2020 census">{{cite web|title=2020 Census Data|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=1600000US2935648|website=data.census.gov}}</ref>
}}

===2020 census===
The [[2020 United States census]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Explore Census Data |url=https://data.census.gov| access-date=2023-12-17 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref> counted 15,481 people, 5,687 households, and 3,985 families in Jackson. The population density was 1,440.1 per square mile (556.3/km{{sup|2}}). There were 6,175 housing units at an average density of 574.4 per square mile (221.9/km{{sup|2}}). The racial makeup was 89.81% (13,903) [[White (U.S. Census)|white]], 2.59% (401) [[African American (U.S. Census)|black or African-American]], 0.21% (32) [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.99% (154) [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.01% (1) [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 0.82% (127) from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 5.57% (863) from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race was 2.4% (353) of the population.

Of the 5,687 households, 32.5% had children under the age of 18; 50.9% were married couples living together; 31.1% had a female householder with no husband present. Of all households, 22.8% consisted of individuals and 10.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.5 and the average family size was 3.0.

24.5% of the population was under the age of 18, 8.6% from 18 to 24, 26.8% from 25 to 44, 21.7% from 45 to 64, and 14.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34.2 years. For every 100 females, the population had 85.6 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 81.4 males.

The 2016-2020 5-year [[American Community Survey]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Explore Census Data |url=https://data.census.gov|access-date=2023-12-17|website=data.census.gov}}</ref> estimates show that the median household income was $63,152 (with a margin of error of +/- $9,713) and the median family income was $74,970 (+/- $2,492). Males had a median income of $43,687 (+/- $1,796) versus $25,955 (+/- $3,289) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $34,452 (+/- $2,905). Approximately, 7.2% of families and 9.7% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 10.8% of those under the age of 18 and 6.0% of those ages 65 or over.

===2010 census===
At the [[2010 United States Census|2010 census]] there were 13,758 people, 5,496 households, and 3,827 families living in the city. The population density was {{convert|1257.6|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 5,835 housing units at an average density of {{convert|533.4|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The [[Race and ethnicity in the United States Census#2010 census|racial makeup]] of the city was 95.81% White, 1.65% Black or African American, 0.27% Native American, 0.57% Asian, 0.01% [[Native Hawaiian]] or Pacific Islander, 0.32% from other races, and 1.37% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.24%.<ref name ="wwwcensusgov">{{cite web|title=U.S. Census website|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2012-07-08}}</ref>

Of the 5,496 households 36.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.3% were married couples living together, 11.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.4% had a male householder with no wife present, and 30.4% were non-families. 26.4% of households were one person and 11.3% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 2.96.

The median age was 37.3 years. 25.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 26.1% were from 25 to 44; 24.8% were from 45 to 64; and 15.2% were 65 or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.0% male and 53.0% female.

===2000 census===
At the [[2000 United States Census|2000 census]] there were 11,947 people, 4,708 households, and 3,385 families living in the city. The population density was {{convert|1,180.2|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 4,962 housing units at an average density of {{convert|490.2|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}.  The [[Race and ethnicity in the United States Census#2000 census|racial makeup]] of the city was 96.57% White, 1.36% African American, 0.28% Native American, 0.56% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.19% from other races, and 1.01% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.76%.<ref name="GR2" />

Of the 4,708 households 36.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.2% were married couples living together, 9.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.1% were non-families. 25.1% of households were one person and 11.9% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 2.98.

The age distribution was 26.6% under the age of 18, 8.2% from 18 to 24, 29.9% from 25 to 44, 21.3% from 45 to 64, and 14.0% 65 or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.8 males.

The median household income was $40,412 and the median family income was $46,854. Males had a median income of $35,212 versus $19,994 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,799. About 5.0% of families and 6.7% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 6.7% of those under age 18 and 11.8% of those age 65 or over.

==Government==

{| class="wikitable"  style="float:right; margin:1em; font-size:95%;"
|+ Jackson city vote<br/> by party in presidential elections<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.capecountyelections.com/election-information/election-results/|title = Election Results &#124; Cape County Clerk}}</ref>
|- style="background:lightgrey;"
! Year
! [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
! [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
! [[Third party (United States)|Third Parties]]
|-
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|[[2020 United States presidential election|2020]]
|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|22.70% ''1,742''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''75.20%''' ''5,765''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Independent}}|2.10% ''158''
|-
|-
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|[[2016 United States presidential election|2016]]
|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|18.50% ''1,364''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''77.60%''' ''5,719''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Independent}}|3.90% ''290''
|-
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|[[2012 United States presidential election|2012]]
|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|21.46% ''1,827''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''76.57%''' ''6,518''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Independent}}|1.97% ''168''
|-
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|[[2008 United States presidential election|2008]]
|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|27.02% ''2,281''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''71.88%''' ''6,069''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Independent}}|1.10% ''93''
|-
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|[[2004 United States presidential election|2004]]
|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|25.82% ''2,028''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''73.69%''' ''5,787''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Independent}}|0.48% ''38''
|-
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|[[2000 United States presidential election|2000]]
|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|27.58% ''1,871''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''70.13%''' ''4,757''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Independent}}|2.29% ''155''
|-
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|[[1996 United States presidential election|1996]]
|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|33.73% ''2,061''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''58.56%''' ''3,578''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Independent}}|7.71% ''471''
|}

==Education==
Most of Jackson is in [[Jackson R-2 School District]]. A small portion is in the [[Cape Girardeau School District]].<ref name=CapeGirardeauCoSchools>{{cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st29_mo/schooldistrict_maps/c29031_cape_girardeau/DC20SD_C29031.pdf|title=2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Cape Girardeau County, MO|publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]]|accessdate=2022-10-01}}</ref> Jackson R-2 operates [[Jackson High School (Jackson, Missouri)|Jackson High School]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.jacksonr2schools.com/Senior-High-School/Home/ | title=Jackson Senior High (10-12) | publisher=Jackson R-2 School District | access-date=17 March 2018}}</ref> The Cape Girardeau district operates [[Central High School (Cape Girardeau, Missouri)|Central High School]].

Jackson has a [[public library]], a branch of the Riverside Regional Library.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.riversideregionallibrary.org/2012-09-25-21-59-41/2012-09-25-21-48-15/main-library | title=Main library | publisher=Riverside Regional Library | access-date=17 March 2018}}</ref>

==Notable people==
* [[Linda M. Godwin]], [[NASA]] astronaut
* [[Gary Friedrich]], writer of the comic book ''[[Ghost Rider]]''
* [[Roy Thomas]], writer (Marvel and DC Comics) and editor (Marvel). Writer of various movie scripts
* [[Louis C. Wagner Jr.]], United States Army four-star general
* [[Marie Elizabeth Watkins Oliver]], "the Betsy Ross of Missouri" was the designer and creator of the Missouri State Flag
* [[Edwin C. Horrell]], American football player and coach

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.jacksonmo.org/ The City of Jackson website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090505171559/http://capegirardeau.com/ Cape Girardeau]
* Historic maps of Jackson in the [http://dl.mospace.umsystem.edu/mu/islandora/object/mu%3A138832 Sanborn Maps of Missouri Collection] at the [[University of Missouri]]

{{Cape Girardeau County, Missouri}}
{{Missouri county seats}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Cities in Cape Girardeau County, Missouri]]
[[Category:County seats in Missouri]]
[[Category:Cape Girardeau–Jackson metropolitan area]]
[[Category:Cities in Missouri]]
[[Category:1814 establishments in Missouri Territory]]