Editing Jackson, California

{{Short description|City in California, United States}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name      = Jackson
| native_name        = 
| settlement_type    = [[List of municipalities in California|City]]
| image_skyline      = 2009-0724-CA-Jackson.jpg
| imagesize          = 
| image_caption      = Historic downtown Jackson
| image_flag         = Flag of Jackson, California.gif
| image_seal         = 
| seal_size          = 
| image_blank_emblem = 
| blank_emblem_size  = 
| nickname           = 
| motto              = "Preserving our past, enriching our present, building our future"
| image_map          = File:Amador County California Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Jackson Highlighted 0636980.svg
| mapsize            = 250x200px
| map_caption        = Location of Jackson in Amador County, California.
| image_map1         = 
| mapsize1           = 
| map_caption1       = 
| pushpin_map        = California#USA
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in California
| pushpin_relief     = yes
| coordinates        = {{coord|38|20|56|N|120|46|27|W|region:US-CA|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type   = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name   = {{USA}}
| subdivision_type1  = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[List of counties in California|County]]
| subdivision_name1  = {{flag|California}}
| subdivision_name2  = [[Amador County, California|Amador]]
| established_title  = Settled
| established_date   = 1848
| established_title2 = County Seat, Amador County
| established_date2  = 1854
| established_title3 = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
| established_date3  = December 5, 1905<ref>{{Cite web
|url=http://www.calafco.org/docs/Cities_by_incorp_date.doc
|title=California Cities by Incorporation Date
|format=Word
|publisher=California Association of [[Local Agency Formation Commission]]s
|access-date=March 27, 2013
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141103002921/http://www.calafco.org/docs/Cities_by_incorp_date.doc
|archive-date=November 3, 2014
}}</ref>
<!-- Area------------------>| government_footnotes = 
| government_type    = 
| leader_title       = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name        = Steve McLean<ref name=CC>{{Cite web
|url=http://www.ci.jackson.ca.us/council_members.html
|title=City Council Members
|publisher=City of Jackson
|access-date=March 18, 2013
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130329140858/http://ci.jackson.ca.us/council_members.html
|archive-date=March 29, 2013
|url-status=dead
 }}</ref>
| leader_title1      = Vice Mayor
| leader_name1       = Chad Simmons<ref name=CC/>
| unit_pref          = Imperial
| area_footnotes     = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2019">{{cite web|title=2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_06.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=July 1, 2020}}</ref>
| area_magnitude     = 
| area_total_km2     = 9.27
| area_total_sq_mi   = 3.58
| area_land_km2      = 9.27
| area_land_sq_mi    = 3.58
| area_water_km2     = 0.00
| area_water_sq_mi   = 0.00
| area_water_percent = 0
| area_note          = 
| elevation_footnotes = <ref name=elevation>{{cite web |url={{Gnis3|1658849}}
|title=USGS—Jackson, California |access-date=May 24, 2007 }}</ref>
| elevation_m        = 371
| elevation_ft       = 1217
| population_total   = 5019
| population_as_of   = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
| population_footnotes = <ref name="US Census Bureau 2020 Jackson, CA Population">{{cite web |title=US Census Bureau |url=https://data.census.gov/all?q=Jackson%20city,%20California |website=www.census.gov |access-date=13 August 2024}}</ref>
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_density_sq_mi = auto
| postal_code_type   = ZIP code
| postal_code        = 95642
| area_code          = [[Area code 209|209]]
| website            = {{URL|https://ci.jackson.ca.us/}}
| footnotes          = {{Designation list|embed=yes|designation1=California|designation1_number=118}}
| other_name         = 
| image_dot_map      = 
| dot_mapsize        = 
| dot_map_caption    = 
| dot_x              = 
| dot_y              = 
| leader_title2      = [[California's 8th State Senate district|State Senate]]
| leader_name2       = {{Representative|casd|8|fmt=sleader}}<ref>{{Cite web
|url=http://senate.ca.gov/senators
|title=Senators
|access-date=March 18, 2013
|publisher=State of California}}</ref>
| leader_title3      = [[California's 5th State Assembly district|State&nbsp;Assembly]]
| leader_name3       = {{Representative|caad|5|fmt=sleader}}<ref>{{Cite web
|url=http://assembly.ca.gov/assemblymembers
|title=Members Assembly
|access-date=March 18, 2013
|publisher=State of California}}</ref>
| leader_title4      = [[California's 5th congressional district|U. S. Congress]]
| leader_name4       = {{Representative|cacd|5|fmt=usleader}}<ref>{{Cite GovTrack|CA|5|access-date=March 1, 2023}}</ref>
| timezone           = [[Pacific Time Zone|PST]]
| utc_offset         = -8
| timezone_DST       = PDT
| utc_offset_DST     = -7
| blank_name         = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
| blank_info         = 06-36980
| blank1_name        = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature IDs
| blank1_info        = {{GNIS4|1658849}}, {{GNIS4|2410128}}
| pop_est_as_of      = 
| pop_est_footnotes  = 
| population_est     = 
}}

'''Jackson''' (formerly, '''Botilleas''', '''Botilleas Spring''', '''Bottileas''', '''Bottle Spring''',<ref>All {{gnis|1658849}}</ref> and '''Botellas''')<ref name=CGN>{{California's Geographic Names|504}}</ref> is a city in and the [[county seat]] of [[Amador County, California]]. Its population was 5,019 at the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], up from 4,651 at the [[2010 United States census|2010 census]]. The city is accessible by both [[California State Route 49|State Route 49]] and [[California State Route 88|State Route 88]].

==Geography and geology==
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|3.7|sqmi|km2}}, all of it land.  [[Jackson Creek (Dry Creek)|Jackson Creek]] traverses the city.  [[Alluvial]] soils such as Pardee cobbly loam is found throughout the Jackson area.

===Climate===
According to the [[Köppen climate classification]], Jackson has a [[Mediterranean climate#Hot-summer Mediterranean climate|hot-summer Mediterranean climate]] (abbreviated ''Csa'').

{{Weather box
|location = Jackson, 1991–2020 simulated normals (1243 ft elevation)
|collapsed = y
|single line = y
|precipitation colour  =green
|Jan precipitation mm  =140.84
|Feb precipitation mm  =135.71
|Mar precipitation mm  =123.33
|Apr precipitation mm  =74.72
|May precipitation mm  =40.74
|Jun precipitation mm  =10.21
|Jul precipitation mm  =0.47
|Aug precipitation mm  =0.95
|Sep precipitation mm  =5.61
|Oct precipitation mm  =40.88
|Nov precipitation mm  =76.26
|Dec precipitation mm  =137.19
|Jan high C = 13.0
|Feb high C = 14.8
|Mar high C = 17.0
|Apr high C = 19.5
|May high C = 24.6
|Jun high C = 30.2
|Jul high C = 34.1
|Aug high C = 33.3
|Sep high C = 30.4
|Oct high C = 24.8
|Nov high C = 17.7
|Dec high C = 12.9
|Jan mean C  =8.0
|Feb mean C  =9.3
|Mar mean C  =11.1
|Apr mean C  =12.9
|May mean C  =17.0
|Jun mean C  =21.3
|Jul mean C  =24.8
|Aug mean C  =24.4
|Sep mean C  =22.0
|Oct mean C  =17.3
|Nov mean C  =11.6
|Dec mean C  =7.9
|Jan low C = 2.9
|Feb low C = 3.8
|Mar low C = 5.2
|Apr low C = 6.4
|May low C = 9.3
|Jun low C = 12.5
|Jul low C = 15.5
|Aug low C = 15.5
|Sep low C = 13.7
|Oct low C = 9.8
|Nov low C = 5.6
|Dec low C = 2.8
|Jan dew point C =3.4
|Feb dew point C =3.9
|Mar dew point C =5.4
|Apr dew point C =6.1
|May dew point C =7.7
|Jun dew point C =8.8
|Jul dew point C =9.9
|Aug dew point C =9.0
|Sep dew point C =7.5
|Oct dew point C =5.5
|Nov dew point C =4.7
|Dec dew point C =3.0
|source 1 = PRISM Climate Group<ref>{{cite web
| url=https://prism.oregonstate.edu/explorer/
| title=PRISM Climate Group at Oregon State University
| publisher=Northwest Alliance for Computational Science & Engineering (NACSE), based at Oregon State University
| access-date=March 16, 2023}}</ref>
| date=March 16, 2023}}

==History==
[[File:2009-0724-CA-Jackson-AmadorCtyCourt.jpg|thumb|left|The Amador County Courthouse consists of two buildings, the second courthouse (built 1864) and the Hall of Records (1893), that were enclosed and combined in 1939 with an [[Art Deco]] exterior.<ref name="CAcourt">[http://www.courtinfo.ca.gov/courts/trial/historic/amador.htm], Judicial Council of California, Accessed August 2, 2009.</ref> It was recently closed and legal activities have resumed in another, newer facility.]]

===Early history===
The area was inhabited by the Northern Sierra Indians, who occupied areas along creeks, spring, and seep areas, including permanent and seasonal drainages, flat ridges, and terraces. Therefore, areas along [[watercourse]]s are considered likely locations for [[prehistoric]] cultural resources.  Permanent villages were usually placed on elevations above seasonal [[flood]] levels. Surrounding areas were used for hunting and seed, [[acorn]], and grass gathering.

===Recent history===
Jackson, named after Colonel Alden Jackson, was founded in 1848 around a year-round [[spring (hydrosphere)|spring]]. Settlement of the region by American [[Settler|pioneers]] was stimulated by the discovery of gold in the Sierra foothills around 1848. The settlement was named for a local lawyer who was liked by miners named Alden Appola Moore Jackson.  Although Amador County was an important mining center, its county seat of Jackson was not typical of the early gold camps. The camp grew quickly, as besides being a popular mining spot, it was also a convenient stopping place on the road from [[Sacramento, California|Sacramento]] to the Southern Mines. The camp became an important supply and transportation center for the neighboring towns, and by 1850, its population had reached an estimated 1,500. Jackson grew first as a watering hole for [[cattle]], then as one of the earliest and most durable of the [[mother lode]]'s hard rock mining areas. In 1854, Jackson became the county seat of newly formed Amador County, California. Previously, from 1851 to 1852, it had been the county seat of [[Calaveras County, California|Calaveras County]].

[[Placer mining]] gave out by the 1860s, replaced by hard rock mining. One of the town's most prominent historical landmarks, the [[Kennedy Mine]], began operation in 1860; at the time of its closure during [[World War II]] in 1942, it was the deepest [[gold mine]] in North America, at 1802&nbsp;m (5912&nbsp;ft). On August 27, 1922, 47 miners became trapped when a fire broke out in the Argonaut mine. All 47 men died in the fire, but the last body was not recovered until over a year later. The Argonaut mine incident was the worst gold mine disaster in US history.

In October 1942, the US government passed the War Production Board Limitation Order, which signaled the demise of gold mining in California. The government needed men for the war and gold was not considered a strategic war metal.

==Landmarks==
*[[Argonaut Mine|Argonaut]] and [[Kennedy Mine]]s: [[California Historical Landmark]] No. 786.<ref>{{cite ohp |id=786 |name=Argonaut and Kennedy mines |access-date=March 30, 2012}}</ref>
<!-- No longer on list. See http://ohp.parks.ca.gov/ListedResources/?view=county&criteria=3
*Butte Store: The only structure remaining of Butte City, prosperous mining town of the 1850s, CHL No. 39.
-->
*Jackson Gate: Jackson Gate, on the north fork of Jackson Creek, takes its name from a [[ground fissure|fissure]] in a reef of rock that crosses the creek. In 1850, about 500 miners worked here and the first mining ditch in the county was dug here; its water sold for $1 per inch, CHL No. 118.<ref>{{cite ohp |id=118 |name=Jackson Gate |access-date=March 30, 2012}}</ref>
*Site of Jackson's Pioneer [[Judaism|Jewish]] [[Synagogue]]: On September 18, 1857, Congregation B'nai Israel of Jackson dedicated on this site the first synagogue in the [[Gold Country|Mother Lode]]. High holy day worship continued until 1869 when the larger [[Masonic]] Hall was used to accommodate the congregation. The wooden structure then served as a schoolhouse until 1888. Relocated onto a nearby lot, it became a private dwelling, and was razed in 1948, CHL No. 865.<ref>{{cite ohp |id=865 |name=Site of Jackson's Pioneer Jewish Synagogue |access-date=March 30, 2012}}</ref> The [[Jackson Pioneer Jewish Cemetery]] (active from 1857 to 1921) was connected to the synagogue.
*Pioneer Hall: The [[Native Daughters of the Golden West|Order of Native Daughters of the Golden West]] was organized on these premises, the site of the Pioneer Hall, on September 11, 1886, CHL No. 34.<ref>{{cite ohp |id=34 |name=Pioneer Hall |access-date=March 30, 2012}}</ref>

<gallery>
File:2009-0724-CA-Jackson-ACHospital.jpg|Amador County Hospital Building
File:2009-0724-CA-Jackson-StSavaSerbianOrthodox.jpg|[[Saint Sava Serbian Orthodox Church (Jackson, California)|Saint Sava Serbian Orthodox Church]]
File:2009-0724-CA-Jackson-DePeuHouse.jpg|Grace Blair DePue House and Indian Museum
Kennedy Tailing Wheels Park.jpg|Kennedy Tailing Wheels Park
JacksonCAFirehouse.jpg|right|Historic Firehouse, Downtown
JacksonCAClock.jpg|right|upright|Memorial Clock
Amador County Museum.jpg|Amador County Museum
</gallery>

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1880= 1040
|1910= 2035
|1920= 1601
|1930= 2005
|1940= 2024
|1950= 1879
|1960= 1852
|1970= 1924
|1980= 2331
|1990= 3545
|2000= 3989
|2010= 4651
|2020= 5019
|estyear= 2023
|estimate= 5132
|estref=<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/jacksoncitycalifornia|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=March 26, 2025}}</ref>
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref>
}}
Jackson has a large [[Serbs|Serbian]] community and [[Serbian Orthodox church]].

The [[2020 United States census]] reported that Jackson had a population of 5,019. The population density was {{convert|1,401.2|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of Jackson was 77.8% [[White Americans|White]], 0.9% [[African Americans|African American]], 2.4% [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]], 2.1% [[Asian Americans|Asian]], 0.2% [[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]], 5.1% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 11.5% from two or more races. [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] of any race were 16.3% of the population.<ref name=DP1>{{cite web |title=Jackson city, California; DP1: Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics - 2020 Census of Population and Housing |url=https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALDP2020.DP1?g=1600000US0636980 |website=US Census Bureau |access-date=March 26, 2025}}</ref>

The Census reported that 96.6% of the population lived in households, 1.0% lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 2.4% were institutionalized.<ref name=DP1/>

There were 2,185 households, out of which 24.7% included children under the age of 18, 39.5% were married-couple households, 6.9% were [[cohabitation|cohabiting]] couple households, 36.8% had a female householder with no partner present, and 16.8% had a male householder with no partner present. 35.7% of households were one person, and 22.0% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.22.<ref name=DP1/> There were 1,250 [[family (U.S. Census)|families]] (57.2% of all households).<ref name=P16>{{cite web |title=Jackson city, California; P16: Household Type - 2020 Census of Population and Housing |url=https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALDHC2020.P16?g=1600000US0636980 |website=US Census Bureau |access-date=March 26, 2025}}</ref>

The age distribution was 19.4% under the age of 18, 6.0% aged 18 to 24, 20.9% aged 25 to 44, 23.3% aged 45 to 64, and 30.4% who were 65{{nbsp}}years of age or older. The median age was 49.2{{nbsp}}years. For every 100 females, there were 85.4 males.<ref name=DP1/>

There were 2,406 housing units at an average density of {{convert|671.7|/mi2|/km2|disp=preunit|units&nbsp;|units|}}, of which 2,185 (90.8%) were occupied. Of these, 56.3% were owner-occupied, and 43.7% were occupied by renters.<ref name=DP1/>

In 2023, the US Census Bureau estimated that 9.8% of the population were foreign-born. Of all people aged 5 or older, 85.5% spoke only English at home, 8.0% spoke [[Spanish language|Spanish]], 2.3% spoke other [[Indo-European languages]], 4.2% spoke Asian or Pacific Islander languages, and 0.0% spoke other languages. Of those aged 25 or older, 88.5% were high school graduates and 20.0% had a bachelor's degree.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jackson city, California; CP02: Comparative Social Characteristics in the United States - 2023 ACS 5-Year Estimates Comparison Profiles |url=https://data.census.gov/table/ACSCP5Y2023.CP02?g=1600000US0636980 |website=US Census Bureau |access-date=March 26, 2025}}</ref>

The median household income was $75,051, and the [[per capita income]] was $40,299. About 3.7% of families and 10.1% of the population were below the poverty line.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jackson city, California; DP03: Selected Economic Characteristics - 2023 ACS 5-Year Estimates Comparison Profiles |url=https://data.census.gov/table/ACSDP5Y2023.DP03?g=1600000US0636980 |website=US Census Bureau |access-date=March 26, 2025}}</ref>

==High school==
Jackson has only one high school, [[Argonaut High School]]. The school's namesake is the Argonaut Mine, located in town.

==Notable people==
*[[Robert Grant Aitken]], astronomer
*[[John C. Begovich]], politician
*[[Anthony Caminetti]], politician
*[[Ernest Gallo]], winemaker
*[[James T. Farley]], politician
*[[Marie Suize]], French woman who became a gold miner in early Jackson

==References==
{{Reflist}}
*C. Michael Hogan, Gary Deghi et al., ''Scottsville Project Environmental Impact Report, Jackson California'', Earth Metrics Inc., Report 7562, Sept. 1989
*{{cite web | url=http://ohp.parks.ca.gov/default.asp?page_id=21390 | title=Amador| work=California Historical Landmarks | publisher=Office of Historic Preservation | access-date=September 16, 2005}}
*{{gnis|1658849}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Jackson, California}}
*{{Official website|https://ci.jackson.ca.us/}}

{{Amador County, California}}
{{California county seats}}
{{Sierra Nevada}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Incorporated cities and towns in California]]
[[Category:Cities in Amador County, California]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1848]]
[[Category:County seats in California]]
[[Category:1848 establishments in California]]