Editing Jack Chick

{{Short description|American cartoonist (1924–2016)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox person
| name        = Jack Chick
| image       = Jake chick.jpg
| image_size  = 
| caption     = 
| birth_name  = Jack Thomas Chick
| birth_date  = {{Birth date|1924|4|13}}
| birth_place = [[Los Angeles, California]], U.S.
| death_date  = {{Death date and age|2016|10|23|1924|4|13}}
| death_place = [[Alhambra, California]], U.S.
| other_names = 
| known_for   = [[Chick tract]]s
| occupation  = Publisher, comic book creator, writer, evangelist
| spouse      = {{marriage|Lola Lynn Priddle|1948|1998|end = died}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Biography of Jack Chick|url=http://www.chick.com/information/authors/chick.asp|publisher=Chick.com|access-date=November 2, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080218025350/http://www.chick.com/information/authors/chick.asp|archive-date=February 18, 2008|url-status=live}}</ref><br />Susie {{aka}} Susy Chick<ref name="wp">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/jack-t-chick-cartoonist-of-conspiracy-minded-attacks-dies-at-92/2016/10/25/e3b7a94c-9ac3-11e6-9980-50913d68eacb_story.html|title=Jack T. Chick, cartoonist of conspiracy-minded attacks, dies at 92|first=Robert|last=Jablon|date=October 25, 2016|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=October 27, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161027151453/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/jack-t-chick-cartoonist-of-conspiracy-minded-attacks-dies-at-92/2016/10/25/e3b7a94c-9ac3-11e6-9980-50913d68eacb_story.html|archive-date=October 27, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
| partner     = 
| children    = 1
| parents     = 
| relatives   = 
| signature   = 
| website     = {{URL|chick.com}}
| footnotes   = 
| module={{Infobox military person
|rank=Private
|allegiance=United States
|branch=U.S. Army
|battles=World War II|embed=yes}}
}}
'''Jack Thomas Chick''' (April 13, 1924&nbsp;– October 23, 2016) was an American [[cartoonist]] and publisher, best known for his [[Christian fundamentalism|fundamentalist Christian]] "[[Chick tract]]s". He expressed his perspective on a variety of issues through [[comics|sequential-art]] [[morality play]]s.

Many of his tracts accused [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholics]], [[Freemasons]], [[Muslims]], and many other groups of murder and conspiracies.<ref name="Raeburn">{{cite web|title=The Holy Book of Chick|url=http://danielraeburn.com/The_Imp,_by_Daniel_Raeburn_files/Imp_JTC.pdf|work=[[The Imp (zine)|The Imp]]|last=Raeburn|first=Daniel|year=1998|access-date=September 17, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140910112435/http://danielraeburn.com/The_Imp,_by_Daniel_Raeburn_files/Imp_JTC.pdf|archive-date=September 10, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> His comics have been described by Robert Ito, in ''[[Los Angeles (magazine)|Los Angeles]]'' magazine, as "equal parts [[hate speech|hate literature]] and [[Fire and brimstone|fire-and-brimstone]] [[sermon]]izing".<ref name="LAMag">{{cite magazine | title = Fear Factor: Jack Chick is the world's most published author&nbsp;– and one of the strangest | magazine = Los Angeles | first = Robert | last = Ito |date=May 2003 | pages = 56, 58| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=v10EAAAAMBAJ&q=%22Chick+tract%22&pg=PA56 | access-date = May 1, 2011}}</ref>

Chick's views have been spread mostly through the tracts and, more recently, online. His company, [[Chick Publications]], says it has sold over 750 million [[tract (literature)|tracts]], comic books, videos, books, and posters designed to promote [[Evangelicalism in the United States|Evangelical Protestantism]] from a Christian fundamentalist perspective. They have been translated into more than 100 languages.<ref name=NonEnglish />

Chick was an [[Independent Baptist]] who followed a [[dispensationalist]] view of the [[eschatology|End Times]]. He was a believer in the [[King James Only movement]], which posits that every English translation of the Bible other than the [[King James version]] is flawed and contains some inaccuracies compared to the original text.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chick.com/bc/2012/kjv_onlyism.asp|title=What's Right with KJV-Onlyism?|website=chick.com|access-date=August 25, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826121019/http://www.chick.com/bc/2012/kjv_onlyism.asp|archive-date=August 26, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Biography==
Chick was born in the neighborhood of [[Boyle Heights]] in Los Angeles,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.christiancomicsinternational.org/chick_pioneer.html|title=Jack Chick - Christian Comics Pioneer|website=christiancomicsinternational.org|access-date=June 27, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130517124039/http://www.christiancomicsinternational.org/chick_pioneer.html|archive-date=May 17, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> <!-- to what parents? -->and later moved with his family to [[Alhambra, California|Alhambra]]. There Chick was active in the high school drama club.<ref name="Independent">{{Cite journal  | last = Ito  | first = Robert  | title = To Hell With You  | journal = The Independent on Sunday  | date = July 6, 2003 | url = http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4159/is_20030706/ai_n12744201  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070311052253/http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4159/is_20030706/ai_n12744201  | url-status = dead  | archive-date = March 11, 2007 }}</ref> According to Chick, he was not religious in high school.<ref name="OfficialBio">{{cite web  | title = Biography of Jack Chick  | publisher = Chick Publications  | url = http://www.chick.com/information/authors/chick.asp  | access-date = February 20, 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080218025350/http://www.chick.com/information/authors/chick.asp  | archive-date = February 18, 2008 | url-status = live  | df = mdy-all  }}</ref> After graduation, he continued his drama education at the [[Pasadena Playhouse|Pasadena Playhouse School of Theater]] on a two-year scholarship.<ref name=Independent/><ref name=OfficialBio/>

In February 1943, during World War II, Chick was drafted as a private into the [[U.S. Army]].<ref name="NatlArchives">{{cite web  | title = Electronic Army Serial Number Merged File, ca. 1938&nbsp;– 1946 (Enlistment Records)  | work = World War II Army Enlistment Records  | publisher = National Archives and Records Administration  | date = September 30, 2002 | url = https://aad.archives.gov/aad/display-partial-records.jsp?dt=893&mtch=166&q=&cat=all&tf=F&bc=sl,fd&txt_24995=Chick&op_24995=2&nfo_24995=V,24,1900&sc=24994,24995,24996,24998,24997,24993,24981,24983&rpp=10&sort=24995%20desc&pg=7  | access-date = February 20, 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171109074628/https://aad.archives.gov/aad/display-partial-records.jsp?dt=893&mtch=166&q=&cat=all&tf=F&bc=sl,fd&txt_24995=Chick&op_24995=2&nfo_24995=V,24,1900&sc=24994,24995,24996,24998,24997,24993,24981,24983&rpp=10&sort=24995%20desc&pg=7  | archive-date = November 9, 2017 | url-status = live  | df = mdy-all  }}</ref> He served for three years in the [[Pacific War|Pacific theater]], serving in [[New Guinea]], Australia, the [[Philippines]], and Japan working in [[cryptography]].<ref name=OfficialBio/> Although he did not see combat, "almost all" of the fellow servicemen he befriended were [[killed in action]], and many of them engaged in activities such as visiting brothels.<ref name="YouDontKnowJack">{{cite book |last1=Daniels |first1=David W. |title=You Don't Know Jack: The Authorized Biography of Christian Cartoonist Jack T Chick |chapter=Twice Saved |chapter-url=https://www.chick.com/products/excerpts/books/1443-excerpt.html |publisher=[[Chick Publications]] |date=May 3, 2017 |accessdate=2022-03-10 }}</ref> Chick credited his time overseas for inspiring him to translate his tracts into many different languages and said that he had "a special burden for missions and missionaries".<ref name=OfficialBio/>

After the war, he returned to the Pasadena Playhouse, where he met his future wife while working on a production there. Lola Lynn Priddle (1926–1998), a Canadian immigrant, came from a very religious family, and Chick said that she was "instrumental in his [[salvation]]".<ref name=OfficialBio/><ref>Ancestry.com, ''Detroit Border Crossings and Passenger and Crew Lists, 1905–1957'' [database on-line], Provo, UT, USA: The Generations Network, Inc., 2006.</ref> Priddle and her parents introduced Chick to the [[Charles E. Fuller (Baptist minister)|Charles E. Fuller]] radio show ''The Old-Fashioned Revival Hour'', and Chick said that he was [[Conversion to Christianity|converted]] while listening to an episode of this show.<ref name=OfficialBio/>

Chick and Priddle married in 1948. They had one child, a daughter named Carol, who died in 1998 from surgery complications.<ref name="TheGuardian">{{cite web|title=Remembering Jack Chick: the Christian cartoonist who tried to save us from hell|website=[[TheGuardian.com]] |date=October 25, 2016 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/oct/25/jack-chick-christian-comic-cartoonist-death|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200127230408/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/oct/25/jack-chick-christian-comic-cartoonist-death|archive-date=2020-01-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.christiancomicsinternational.org/chick_pioneer.html|title=Jack Chick}}</ref>

In February 1998, Priddle died.<ref name=OfficialBio/> The widower Chick remarried to an Asian woman whose name has been variously reported as Susie and Susy.<ref name="wp"/><ref name=Independent/><ref name="ThisRock">{{cite news|last=Akin |first=Jimmy |author-link=Jimmy Akin |title=Meet Jack Chick |work=This Rock |publisher=Catholic Answers |date=March 2004 |url=http://www.catholic.com/magazine/articles/meet-jack-chick |access-date=February 20, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409021755/http://www.catholic.com/magazine/articles/meet-jack-chick |archive-date=April 9, 2016 }}</ref>

In a 2005 issue of his company's newsletter, ''Battle Cry'', Chick reported that he had a life-threatening health emergency sometime between 2003 and 2005. He said, "My flu turned into pneumonia, my blood sugar dropped to 20 (I am diabetic)... I was going into a coma. My wife called 911 and while they were on the way, I had a heart attack. A day or so later I had to undergo a triple bypass."<ref name="BattleCry">{{cite news  | last = Chick  | first = Jack  | title = A Message from Jack Chick  | publisher = Battle Cry  | date = September–October 2005  | url = http://www.chick.com/bc/2005/jtcletters_o.asp  | access-date = February 20, 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071015234006/http://www.chick.com/bc/2005/jtcletters_o.asp  | archive-date = October 15, 2007 | url-status = live  | df = mdy-all  }}</ref>

Chick had limited personal contact with the public; he gave only one known professional interview after 1975.<ref>{{cite web  | last = Davis  | first = Scoobie  | title = The Jack T. Chick Documentary  | publisher = Scoobie Davis Online  | date = October 31, 2006 | url = http://scoobiedavis.blogspot.com/2006/10/jack-t.html  | access-date = February 20, 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070330035054/http://scoobiedavis.blogspot.com/2006/10/jack-t.html  | archive-date = March 30, 2007 | url-status = live  | df = mdy-all  }}</ref> The lack of available public information about him created some speculation that he was a pen name for unnamed authors.<ref name=Independent/> Chick died in his sleep at age 92. His body was discovered on the evening of October 23, 2016, in his home at [[Alhambra, California]]. The interment was private.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gates|first1=Anita|title=Jack T. Chick, Cartoonist Whose Tracts Preached Salvation, Dies at 92|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/27/arts/jack-chick-dead.html|access-date=October 14, 2017|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=October 26, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013173616/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/27/arts/jack-chick-dead.html|archive-date=October 13, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Sherwood|first1=Harriet|title=Jack Chick, controversial Evangelical cartoonist, dies aged 92|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/oct/25/jack-chick-dies-cartoonist-comic-strips|access-date=October 14, 2017|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=October 25, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015044233/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/oct/25/jack-chick-dies-cartoonist-comic-strips|archive-date=October 15, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

In the wake of Jack Chick's death, a biography, ''You Don't Know Jack: The Authorized Biography of Christian Cartoonist Jack T. Chick'' by David W. Daniels, was published by Chick Publications in 2017. The book contains a number of previously unpublished photographs of Chick.<ref name="You Don't Know Jack">{{cite web |title=You Don't Know Jack |url=http://www.chick.com/catalog/books/1443.asp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170429001744/http://www.chick.com/catalog/books/1443.asp |archive-date=April 29, 2017 |access-date=April 27, 2017 |publisher=Chick Publications |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

== Career ==
From 1953 to 1955, Chick drew a single-panel cartoon, whose text was written by P. S. Clayton, titled ''Times Have Changed?'' It thematically resembled the ''[[B.C. (comic strip)|B.C.]]'' comic strip and ''[[The Flintstones]]'' animated cartoon, but predated both.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://library.osu.edu/blogs/cartoons/2013/05/16/found-in-the-collection-jack-t-chicks-times-have-changed/|publisher=Ohio State University Library website|title=Found in the Collection: Jack T. Chick's "Times Have Changed?"|date=May 16, 2013|access-date=June 10, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160915070930/https://library.osu.edu/blogs/cartoons/2013/05/16/found-in-the-collection-jack-t-chicks-times-have-changed/|archive-date=September 15, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> These were syndicated by the [[Los Angeles Times Syndicate|Mirror Enterprises Co.]] in Los Angeles area newspapers.<ref>Holtz, Allan. [https://strippersguide.blogspot.com/2008/12/obscurity-of-day-times-have-changed.html "Obscurity of the Day: Times Have Changed,"] ''Stripper's Guide'' (Dec. 3, 2008).</ref>

After converting to Christianity, Chick wanted to evangelize others, but he was too shy to talk to people directly about religion.<ref name=Independent /> Chick heard from missionary Bob Hammond, who had broadcast in Asia on the [[Voice of America]], that the [[Chinese Communist Party]] had gained significant influence among ordinary Chinese in the 1950s through the distribution of small comic books.<ref name=OfficialBio /> Chick also began working with a prison ministry and created a flip chart of illustrations to use with his presentation. He hit upon the idea of creating witnessing tracts, which could be given to people directly or indirectly.<ref name=Independent />

While working for the AstroScience Corporation (a maker of tape recorders and avionics for the U.S. government) in [[El Monte, California]], he self-published his first tract, ''Why No Revival?'' in 1960. He paid for it with a loan from his [[Credit unions in the United States|credit union]]. He published his second tract, ''A Demon's Nightmare'', in 1962.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gothamcenter.org/blog/who-cares-jack-t-chick-on-911|title="Who Cares?" Jack T. Chick on 9/11|website=The Gotham Center for New York City History|date=December 2015 |access-date=June 10, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160604104358/http://www.gothamcenter.org/blog/who-cares-jack-t-chick-on-911|archive-date=June 4, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> He decided to create more tracts and began "using his kitchen table as an office and art studio".<ref name=OfficialBio /> Christian bookstores were reluctant to accept the tracts, but they were popular among missionaries and churches.<ref name=OfficialBio />

He officially established Chick Publications in 1970 in [[Rancho Cucamonga, California]].<ref name="DailyBulletin">{{cite news  | last = Baber  | first = La Rue V.  | title = Spreading the "Light"  | publisher = The Daily Bulletin  | year = 2003  | url = http://www.chick.com/catalog/videos/filmreview.asp  | access-date = February 20, 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080212185908/http://www.chick.com/catalog/videos/filmreview.asp  | archive-date = February 12, 2008 | url-status = live  | df = mdy-all  }}</ref> Initially, Chick wrote and illustrated all of the comics himself, but in 1972 he hired another artist to illustrate many of the tracts.<ref name=Independent /> [[Fred Carter (artist)|Fred Carter]] illustrated tracts anonymously until 1980, when he was identified in an issue of Chick's newsletter ''Battle Cry''.<ref name=ThisRock /> Carter also painted the oil paintings seen in ''[[The Light of the World (film)|The Light of the World]]'', a film Chick produced that related the Christian gospel.<ref name="ChickFilm">{{cite web | title = The Light of the World: A Film by Jack T Chick | publisher = Chick Publications | url = http://www.chick.com/catalog/videos/lotw.asp | access-date = February 20, 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080218025551/http://www.chick.com/catalog/videos/LOTW.asp | archive-date = February 18, 2008 | url-status = live | df = mdy-all }}</ref>

=== Chick Publications ===
{{Main|Chick tract}}
[[File:This Was Your Life.gif|thumb|''This Was Your Life!'' is a Chick tract that was translated into over 100 languages. Chick Publications described it as its most popular title.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.chick.com/catalog/assortments/0915.asp | title=English Tract Assortment Pack | publisher=Chick Tracts | access-date=June 30, 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160730151620/http://www.chick.com/catalog/assortments/0915.asp | archive-date=July 30, 2016 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref>]]
Chick Publications released at least 23 full-size "Chick comics" since its founding. They are full-color comic books, and most were first published between 1974 and 1985. The first eleven form the ''Crusader comics'' series, which follows the stories of two fundamentalist Christians and addresses topics such as the [[occult]], [[Bible prophecy]], and the [[theory of evolution]].<ref name="ComicsList">{{cite web | title = Crusader Comics | work = Comics List | publisher = Chick Publications | url = http://www.chick.com/catalog/comiclist.asp | access-date = February 20, 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080218025454/http://www.chick.com/Catalog/ComicList.asp | archive-date = February 18, 2008 | url-status = live | df = mdy-all }}</ref>

Chick Publications also distributes "Chick tracts", small comic [[tract (literature)|tracts]] with religious messages. Most of these can be viewed in their entirety on the company's website. The most popular Chick tract is "This Was Your Life!". It has been translated into around 100 languages,<ref name="NonEnglish">{{cite web | title = Tract Languages | work = Non English Tract Look Up | publisher = Chick Publications | url = http://www.chick.com/catalog/TractLookUp.asp | access-date = February 20, 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080223062757/http://www.chick.com/catalog/TractLookUp.asp | archive-date = February 23, 2008 | url-status = live | df = mdy-all }}</ref> and many other tracts are available in widely spoken languages such as [[Arabic]],<ref name="TractsArabic">{{cite web | title = Stock Arabic Titles | work = Non English Tract Look Up | publisher = Chick Publications | url = http://www.chick.com/catalog/tractlookuplist.asp?language=Arabic | access-date = February 20, 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080226161709/http://www.chick.com/catalog/tractlookuplist.asp?language=Arabic | archive-date = February 26, 2008 | url-status = live | df = mdy-all }}</ref> German,<ref name="TractsGerman">{{cite web | title = Stock German Titles | work = Non English Tract Look Up | publisher = Chick Publications | url = http://www.chick.com/catalog/tractlookuplist.asp?language=German | access-date = February 20, 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160918071255/http://www.chick.com/catalog/tractlookuplist.asp?language=German | archive-date = September 18, 2016 | url-status = live | df = mdy-all }}</ref> Spanish,<ref name="TractsSpanish">{{cite web | title = Stock Spanish Titles | work = Non English Tract Look Up | publisher = Chick Publications | url = http://www.chick.com/catalog/tractlookuplist.asp?language=Spanish | access-date = February 20, 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080226162458/http://www.chick.com/catalog/tractlookuplist.asp?language=Spanish | archive-date = February 26, 2008 | url-status = live | df = mdy-all }}</ref> and [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]].<ref name="TractsTagalog">{{cite web | title = Stock Tagalog Titles | work = Non English Tract Look Up | publisher = Chick Publications | url = http://www.chick.com/catalog/tractlookuplist.asp?language=Tagalog | access-date = February 20, 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080226162534/http://www.chick.com/catalog/tractlookuplist.asp?language=Tagalog | archive-date = February 26, 2008 | url-status = live | df = mdy-all }}</ref> Several of Chick's tracts have been translated into less widely-spoken languages as [[Blue Hmong]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://chick.com/catalog/TractList.asp?language=Blue%20Hmong |title=Complete list of Chick cartoon gospel tracts |publisher=Chick.com |access-date=June 25, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111105000807/http://www.chick.com/catalog/TractList.asp?language=Blue%20Hmong |archive-date=November 5, 2011 |url-status=live  }}</ref> [[Huichol language|Huichol]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://chick.com/catalog/tractlistcustomwcovers.asp?language=Huichol |title=Complete list of Chick cartoon gospel tracts |publisher=Chick.com |access-date=June 25, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130130022551/http://www.chick.com/catalog/tractlistcustomwcovers.asp?language=Huichol |archive-date=January 30, 2013 |url-status=live  }}</ref> [[Ngiemboon language|Ngiemboon]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chick.com/catalog/tractlistcustomwcovers.asp?language=Ngiemboon |title=Complete list of Chick cartoon gospel tracts |publisher=Chick.com |access-date=June 25, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120206155039/http://www.chick.com/catalog/tractlistcustomwcovers.asp?language=Ngiemboon |archive-date=February 6, 2012 |url-status=live  }}</ref> [[Luba-Kasai language|Tshiluba]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chick.com/catalog/tractlistcustomwcovers.asp?language=Tshiluba |title=Complete list of Chick cartoon gospel tracts |publisher=Chick.com |access-date=June 25, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120206160909/http://www.chick.com/catalog/tractlistcustomwcovers.asp?language=Tshiluba |archive-date=February 6, 2012 |url-status=live  }}</ref> and the constructed language of [[Esperanto]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chick.com/catalog/tractlistcustomwcovers.asp?language=Esperanto |title=Complete list of Chick cartoon gospel tracts |publisher=Chick.com |access-date=June 25, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120206160955/http://www.chick.com/catalog/tractlistcustomwcovers.asp?language=Esperanto |archive-date=February 6, 2012 |url-status=live  }}</ref>

== Themes ==
Chick is known for his conspiratorial views and his belief that secret groups, such as the Illuminati, exert influence on the world to advance evil. In "The Broken Cross," Chick introduces [[John Todd (conspiracy theorist)|John Todd]], a former grand druid priest who claims that secret groups, including witches and the Illuminati, are working to advance evil. Chick's version of Christianity emphasizes the role of Satan and his minions, portraying them as the principal evils in his comic. He sees Satan as the one behind all major events, including biblical occurrences like Adam and Eve and the Great Flood, as part of his ongoing battle for control. In this worldview, God's actions are seen as reactions to the Devil's actions, creating a dynamic game between the two sides for the fate of humanity.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Vahia Malliagros |first1=Thiago |title=Druids, the devil, and the hope for salvation: piecing together Jack Chick's 'The Broken Cross' |url=https://www.skeptic.org.uk/2022/12/druids-the-devil-and-the-hope-for-salvation-piecing-together-jack-chicks-the-broken-cross/ |website=The Skeptic |date=December 7, 2022 |access-date=16 May 2023}}</ref>

Some scholars, such as Jason C. Bivins, have identified Chick  with the [[new Christian right]] (NCR) due to areas of theological overlap with figures in the movement such as [[Tim LaHaye]] or [[Jerry Falwell]]: in particular, their views on [[Christian eschatology|eschatology]] and [[biblical inerrancy]]. Nathan Saunders, however, argues that Chick's beliefs about Roman Catholicism as a demonic, false gospel separate him from the group, which included a number of Catholics such as [[Phyllis Schlafly]] and [[Paul Weyrich]]. "Chick consequently refused to follow his fellow fundamentalists when they compromised doctrinal purity by making a pact with the Devil. Doctrinal compromise rendered the NCR at best ineffective and at worst satanic."<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Saunders |first=Nathan |date=2018 |title=Conservative Chick? Conservative Culture Warriors at War |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26803641 |journal=Journal of American Studies |volume=52 |issue=3 |pages=738–765 |issn=0021-8758}}</ref>

''[[Catholic Answers]]'' has called Chick "savagely [[Anti-Catholicism|anti-Catholic]]",<ref name="CatholicAnswersWeb">{{cite web |last=Newkirk |first=Terrye |title=Who's @fr@id of the Big Bad Web?: A Guide for Catholic Newbies |url=http://www.catholic.com/thisrock/1997/9702fea2.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071022155856/http://catholic.com/thisrock/1997/9702fea2.asp |archive-date=October 22, 2007 |access-date=February 21, 2008 |publisher=Catholic Answers}}</ref> describes Chick's statements about the Catholic Church as "bizarre"<ref name="cajtc">{{cite web |title=The Nightmare World of Jack T. Chick |url=http://www.catholic.com/documents/the-nightmare-world-of-jack-t-chick |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108154607/http://www.catholic.com/documents/the-nightmare-world-of-jack-t-chick |archive-date=January 8, 2014 |access-date=June 25, 2014 |publisher=Catholic Answers |df=mdy-all}}</ref> and "often grotesque in their arguments",<ref name="CatholicAnswersHistory">{{cite web |last=Keating |first=Karl |author-link=Karl Keating |title=Burden of History |url=http://www.catholic.com/thisrock/2000/0004up.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080214205923/http://www.catholic.com/thisrock/2000/0004up.asp |archive-date=February 14, 2008 |access-date=February 21, 2008 |work=Up Front |publisher=Catholic Answers}}</ref> and calls for the tracts to be pulled from the market and corrected.<ref name="cajtc" /> In the early 1980s, Chick's stance on Catholicism led some Christian bookstores to stop stocking his tracts, and he withdrew from the [[CBA (Christian trade association)|Christian Booksellers Association]] after the association considered expelling him.<ref name="CBA">{{cite magazine |date=October 23, 1981 |title=Booksellers' Group May Expel Chick |magazine=Christianity Today |page=62}}</ref> ''[[Christianity Today]]'' described Chick as an example of "the world of ordinary, nonlearned evangelicals", for whom "atavistic anti-Catholicism remains as colorful and unmistakable as ever".<ref name="ChristianityToday">{{cite magazine |last1=Mark |first1=Noll |author-link=Mark Noll |last2=Nystrom |first2=Carolyn |date=July 1, 2005 |title=Is the Reformation Over? (Registration and payment required for online access) |url=http://www.ctlibrary.com/bc/2005/julaug/1.10.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080213212708/http://www.ctlibrary.com/bc/2005/julaug/1.10.html |archive-date=February 13, 2008 |magazine=Christianity Today |df=mdy-all}}</ref> Michael Ian Borer, a sociology professor of [[Furman University]] at the time, showed Chick's strong [[Anti-Catholicism in the United States|anti-Catholic themes]] in a 2007 [[American Sociological Association]] presentation<ref>Borer, Michael (2007). [http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p181814_index.html "Drawing Religious Battle Lines: The "Culture Wars Work" of Jack Chick's Anti-Catholic Cartoons"] Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, New York City City, August 11, 2007</ref> and in a [[Peer review|peer-reviewed]] article the next year in ''[[Religion and American Culture]]''.<ref name="cajtc" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Borer |first1=Michael Ian |last2=Murphree |first2=Adam |date=Winter 2008 |title=Framing Catholicism: Jack Chick's Anti-Catholic Cartoons and the Flexible Boundaries of the Culture Wars |journal=Religion and American Culture |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=95–112 |doi=10.1525/rac.2008.18.1.95 |s2cid=145414303}}</ref> Chick responded to these accusations by saying that he was opposed to the Roman Catholic Church as a sociopolitical organization, but not to its individual members. On his "Roman Catholicism FAQ", Chick said he began publishing his theories about the Roman Catholic Church because "he loves Catholics and wants them to be saved through faith in Jesus".<ref name="CatholicFAQ">{{cite web |last=Chick |first=Jack |title=Roman Catholicism FAQ |url=http://www.chick.com/information/religions/catholicism/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100205120457/http://www.chick.com/information/religions/catholicism/ |archive-date=February 5, 2010 |access-date=February 7, 2010 |publisher=Chick Publications |df=mdy-all}}</ref> Six of Chick's full-size comics feature [[Alberto Rivera (activist)|Alberto Rivera]], specifically: ''Alberto'', ''Double Cross'', ''The Godfathers'', ''The Force'', ''Four Horsemen'', and ''The Prophet''. Rivera was an [[Anti-Catholicism|anti-Catholic]] religious activist who claimed to have been a Jesuit priest before becoming a [[Fundamentalist Christianity|fundamentalist]] [[Protestant]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hunter |first=Sidney |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kz1o4Y_hfN8C |title=Is Alberto for Real? |date=2011 |publisher=Chick Publications |isbn=978-0-7589-0840-7 |language=en}}</ref> Rivera was the source of many of the [[conspiracy theories]] about the [[Roman Curia|Vatican]] and the [[Society of Jesus|Jesuits]] espoused by Jack Chick.

[[Wicca]]n author Kerr Cuhulain has described Chick and his theories as being "[[Antifeminism|anti-feminist]]" and "anti-[[Modern Paganism|Pagan]]", noted that a Chick Publications comic book was the source of a [[Rapid City, South Dakota]] police detective's presentation on the history of [[Satanism]] given in 1989, and describes him as "easily the least reputable source of reliable information on religious groups".<ref name="Cuhulain">{{Cite news | last = Cuhulain | first = Kerr | author-link = Kerr Cuhulain | title = Jack Chick: Tracts for Every Occasion | newspaper = Pagan Protection Center | page = 4 | date = August 26, 2002 | url = http://www.witchvox.com/va/dt_va.html?a=cabc&c=whs&id=4639 | access-date = February 20, 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080204212408/http://www.witchvox.com/va/dt_va.html?a=cabc&c=whs&id=4639 | archive-date = February 4, 2008 | url-status = live | df = mdy-all }}</ref>

== References ==

=== Citations ===
{{Reflist}}

=== Sources ===
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book|last=Fowler|first=Robert B.|year=2001|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TjzlxyfWbxwC |title=The World of Jack T. Chick: The History of the World According to Jack T. Chick)] |publisher=Last Gasp|isbn=0-86719-512-6}}
* {{cite book|last=Kuersteiner|first=Kurt|year=2004|title=The Art of Jack T. Chick|publisher=Schiffer Books|isbn=0-7643-1892-6}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Wikiquote}}
<!-- PLEASE NOTE: Links added must conform to Wikipedia's [[WP:EL|external links policies]]. If you're not sure please ask on the talkpage.  -->
* [http://chick.com/ Chick Publications website]
* [http://www.jackchickmovie.com ''God's Cartoonist: The Comic Crusade of Jack Chick''] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20171217075233/http://jackchickmovie.com:80/ archive]; 2008 documentary film about Jack Chick and Chick Publications)
* [http://www.monsterwax.com/chick.html Jack T. Chick Museum of Fine Art] Includes tracts discontinued and removed by Chick Publications.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100203175755/http://www.catholicleague.org/research/chick_publications.htm A Survey of Chick Publications] by William A. Donohue (Catalyst, October 1996) (Internet Archive) Catholic League for Religious and Civil Rights—an overview of the Chick Tracts.
* [http://www.masonicinfo.com/chick.htm Anti-Masonic Examples: Chick Publications]&nbsp;– A rebuttal to Chick Publications's statements about Masonry
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20111011104559/http://members.cox.net/jimmyakin/x-meet-jack-chick.htm Meeting Jack Chick] an interview with Jack Chick
* [http://www.christiancomicsinternational.org/chick_pioneer.html Christian Comics International biography on Jack T. Chick]
* Robert B. Fowler, ''The World of Chick?'' (San Francisco: Last Gasp of San Francisco, 2001)
<!-- PLEASE NOTE: Links added must conform to Wikipedia's [[WP:EL|external links policies]]. If you're not sure please ask on the talkpage.  -->

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