Editing Jack Charlton

{{Short description|English footballer and manager (1935–2020)}}
{{good article}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Jack Charlton<br />{{post-nominals|country=GBR|OBE|DL}}
| alt = A black-and-white photo of Charlton in a long coat
| image = Jack Charlton.jpg
| caption = Charlton in 1969
| fullname = John Charlton<ref name="Hugman">{{Hugman|3393|access-date=11 August 2017}}</ref>
| birth_date = {{birth date|1935|5|8|df=y}}<ref name="Hugman" />
| birth_place = [[Ashington]], Northumberland, England
| death_date = {{death date and age|2020|7|10|1935|5|8|df=y}}
| death_place = Ashington, Northumberland, England<ref name="SkyNews" />
| height = {{height|ft=6|in=1+1/2}}<ref name="efmmg">{{cite web |title=England Players – Jack Charlton |url=http://www.englandfootballonline.com/TeamPlyrsBios/PlayersC/BioCharltonJ.html |website=www.englandfootballonline.com |access-date=2 July 2020}}</ref>
| position = [[Centre back]]
| youthyears1 = 1950–1952
| youthclubs1 = [[Leeds United F.C.|Leeds United]]
| years1 = 1952–1973
| clubs1 = [[Leeds United F.C.|Leeds United]]
| caps1 = 629
| goals1 = 70
| nationalyears1 = 1965–1970
| nationalteam1 = [[England national football team|England]]
| nationalcaps1 = 35
| nationalgoals1 = 6
| manageryears1 = 1973–1977
| managerclubs1 = [[Middlesbrough F.C.|Middlesbrough]]
| manageryears2 = 1977–1983
| managerclubs2 = [[Sheffield Wednesday F.C.|Sheffield Wednesday]]
| manageryears3 = 1984
| managerclubs3 = [[Middlesbrough F.C.|Middlesbrough]] (caretaker)
| manageryears4 = 1984–1985
| managerclubs4 = [[Newcastle United F.C.|Newcastle United]]
| manageryears5 = 1986–1996
| managerclubs5 = [[Republic of Ireland national football team|Republic of Ireland]]
| medaltemplates = {{MedalCountry|{{fb|ENG}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[FIFA World Cup]]}}
{{Medal|W|[[1966 FIFA World Cup|1966 England]]|}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[UEFA European Championship]]}}
{{Medal|3rd|[[UEFA Euro 1968|1968 Italy]]|}}
| module = {{Infobox military person | embed=yes
|allegiance    = {{flagu|United Kingdom}}
|branch        = [[British Army]]
|branch_label  =Branch
|unit          = [[Household Cavalry]]
|battles       = 
|battles_label = 
|serviceyears  = 1953–1955 ([[National Service Act 1948|National Service]])
|serviceyears_label = Years
|awards        = }}
}}

'''John Charlton''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|OBE|DL}} (8 May 1935{{spnd}}10 July 2020) was an English professional [[Association football|footballer]] and [[Manager (association football)|manager]] who played as a [[Defender (association football)|centre-back]] for Leeds. He was part of the [[England national football team|England national team]] that won the [[1966 FIFA World Cup|1966 World Cup]] and managed the [[Republic of Ireland national football team|Republic of Ireland national team]] from 1986 to 1996, taking them to two [[FIFA World Cup|World Cup]]s and one [[UEFA European Championship|European Championship]]. He was the elder brother of [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] forward [[Bobby Charlton]] and one of his teammates in England's World Cup final victory. 

Charlton spent his entire club career with [[Leeds United F.C.|Leeds United]] from 1950 to 1973, helping the club to the [[Football League Second Division|Second Division]] title (1963–64), [[Football League First Division|First Division]] title ([[1968–69 Football League First Division|1968–69]]), [[FA Cup]] ([[1972 FA Cup final|1972]]), [[EFL Cup|League Cup]] ([[1968 Football League Cup final|1968]]), [[FA Community Shield|Charity Shield]] ([[1969 FA Charity Shield|1969]]), [[Inter-Cities Fairs Cup]] ([[1968 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final|1968]] and [[1971 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final|1971]]), as well as one other promotion from the Second Division (1955–56) and five second-place finishes in the First Division, two FA Cup final defeats and one Inter-Cities Fairs Cup final defeat. His 629 league and 762 total competitive appearances are club records. In 2006, Leeds United supporters voted Charlton into the club's greatest XI.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.leedsunited-mad.co.uk/news/loadsngl.asp?cid=EDY1 |title=Greatest Leeds XI – Leeds United FC – LeedsUtdMAD |publisher=Leedsunited-mad.co.uk |access-date=7 May 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110124020205/http://www.leedsunited-mad.co.uk/news/loadsngl.asp?cid=EDY1 |archive-date=24 January 2011}}</ref>

Called up to the England team days before his 30th birthday, Charlton went on to score six goals in 35 international games and to appear in two World Cups and one European Championship. He played in the World Cup final victory over West Germany in 1966 and helped England finish third in Euro 1968 and win four [[British Home Championship]] tournaments. He was named [[FWA Footballer of the Year]] in 1967.

After retiring as a player, Charlton worked as a manager. He led [[Middlesbrough F.C.|Middlesbrough]] to the Second Division title in 1973–74, winning the Manager of the Year award in his first season as a manager. He kept Boro as a stable top-flight club before he resigned in April 1977. He took charge of [[Sheffield Wednesday F.C.|Sheffield Wednesday]] in October 1977 and led the club to promotion out of the [[Football League Third Division|Third Division]] in 1979–80. He left the Owls in May 1983 and served Middlesbrough as caretaker-manager at the end of the 1983–84 season. He worked as [[Newcastle United F.C.|Newcastle United]] manager for the 1984–85 season. He took charge of the Republic of Ireland national team in February 1986 and led them to their first World Cup in [[1990 FIFA World Cup|1990]], where they reached the quarter-finals. He also led the nation to successful qualification to [[UEFA Euro 1988|Euro 1988]] and the [[1994 FIFA World Cup|1994 World Cup]]. He resigned in January 1996 and retired. He was married to Pat Kemp, and they had three children.

==Early life==
Born into a footballing family in [[Ashington]], [[Northumberland]], on 8 May 1935,<ref name="Charlton 1996 1">{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=1}}</ref> Charlton was initially overshadowed by his younger brother [[Bobby Charlton|Bobby]], who was taken on by [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] while Jack was doing his [[Conscription in the United Kingdom#After 1945|national service]] with the [[Household Cavalry]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.householdcavalrymuseum.co.uk/collection.htm |title=Household Cavalry Museum |publisher=Household Cavalry Museum |access-date=7 May 2011 |archive-date=9 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009064032/http://www.householdcavalrymuseum.co.uk/collection.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> His uncles were [[Jack Milburn (footballer)|Jack Milburn]] ([[Leeds United F.C.|Leeds United]] and [[Bradford City A.F.C.|Bradford City]]), [[George Milburn]] (Leeds United and [[Chesterfield F.C.|Chesterfield]]), [[Jim Milburn]] (Leeds United and [[Bradford (Park Avenue) A.F.C.|Bradford Park Avenue]]) and [[Stanley Milburn|Stan Milburn]] (Chesterfield, [[Leicester City F.C.|Leicester City]] and [[Rochdale A.F.C.|Rochdale]]), and legendary [[Newcastle United F.C.|Newcastle United]] and [[England national football team|England]] footballer [[Jackie Milburn]] was his mother's cousin.<ref>{{harvnb|Soar|1974|p=63}}</ref>

The economy of the village of Ashington was based entirely on coal mining, and though his family had a strong footballing pedigree, his father was a miner.<ref name="Charlton 1996 1"/> The eldest of four brothers – Bobby, Gordon and Tommy – the family's tight finances meant that all four siblings shared the same bed.<ref name="page 2">{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=2}}</ref> His father, Bob, had no interest in football, but his mother, Cissie, played football with her children and later coached the local school's team.<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=3}}</ref> As a teenager, she took them to watch [[Ashington A.F.C.|Ashington]] and Newcastle United play, and Charlton remained a lifelong Newcastle supporter.<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=21}}</ref>

At the age of 15, he was offered a trial at Leeds United, where his uncle Jim played at left-back,<ref>{{harvnb|Soar|1974|p=44}}</ref> but turned it down and instead joined his father in the mines.<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=23}}</ref> He worked in the mines for a short time but handed in his notice after finding out just how difficult and unpleasant it was to work deep underground.<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=26}}</ref> He applied to join the police and reconsidered the offer from Leeds United.<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=27}}</ref> His trial game for Leeds clashed with his police interview, and Charlton chose to play in the game; the trial was a success and he joined the ground staff at [[Elland Road]].<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=28}}</ref>

{{Blockquote|This part of the world produced its fair share of footballers, and nobody was particularly impressed if a lad went away to play professional football. In fact we never used to say going away to play football, we just used to say 'going away'.|Growing up in [[North East England]] working-class culture meant working hard for little pay, and becoming a professional footballer was a realistic ambition for talented players. However, it still required hard work and rarely offered more than a good working class wage.<ref name="page 2"/>}}

==Club career==
Charlton played for [[Leeds United F.C.|Leeds United]]'s [[Leeds United F.C. Reserves and Youth Team|youth team]] in the Northern Intermediate League and then for the third team in the [[Yorkshire Football League|Yorkshire League]]; playing in the physically demanding Yorkshire League at the age of 16 impressed the club's management, and he was soon promoted to the reserve team.<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=32}}</ref> Charlton was given his first professional contract when he turned 17.<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=33}}</ref> He made his debut on 25 April 1953 against [[Doncaster Rovers F.C.|Doncaster Rovers]], taking [[John Charles]]' place at centre-half after Charles was moved up to centre-forward.<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=37}}</ref> It was the final [[Football League Second Division|Second Division]] game of the [[1952–53 Football League|1952–53]] season, and ended in a 1–1 draw.<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=38}}</ref> He then had to serve two years' national service with the Household Cavalry and captained the Horse Guards to victory in the Cavalry Cup in [[Hanover]].<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=39}}</ref> His national service limited his contribution to Leeds, and he made only one appearance in the [[1954–55 Football League|1954–55]] season.<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=40}}</ref>

Charlton returned to the first team in September 1955. He kept his place for the rest of the [[1955–56 Football League|1955–56]] season, helping Leeds win promotion into the [[Football League First Division|First Division]] after finishing second to [[Sheffield Wednesday F.C.|Sheffield Wednesday]].<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=44}}</ref> He was dropped in the second half of the [[1956–57 Football League|1956–57]] campaign, partly due to his habit of partying late at night and losing focus on his football.<ref name="page 46">{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=46}}</ref> He regained his place in the [[1957–58 Football League|1957–58]] season. He stopped his partying lifestyle as he settled down to married life.<ref name="page 47">{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=47}}</ref> In October 1957 he was picked to represent the [[English Football League]] in a game against the [[League of Ireland]].<ref name="page 47"/>

Leeds struggled after Raich Carter left the club in 1958, and [[Willis Edwards]] and then [[Bill Lambton]] took charge in the [[1958–59 Football League|1958–59]] season as Leeds finished nine points above the relegation zone. [[Jack Taylor (footballer, born 1914)|Jack Taylor]] was appointed manager and failed to keep Leeds out of the relegation zone by the end of the [[1959–60 Football League|1959–60]] campaign. During this time, Charlton began taking his coaching badges and took part in [[the Football Association]]'s coaching courses at [[Lilleshall]].<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=51}}</ref>

Leeds finished just five points above the Second Division relegation zone in the [[1960–61 Football League|1960–61]] season, and Taylor resigned; his replacement, [[Don Revie]], was promoted from the United first team, and initially he was not fond of Charlton.<ref name="page 56">{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=56}}</ref> Revie played Charlton up front at the start of the [[1961–62 Football League|1961–62]] season, but he soon moved him back to centre-half after he proved ineffective as a centre-forward.<ref name="page 56"/> He became frustrated and difficult to manage, feeling in limbo playing for a club seemingly going nowhere whilst his younger brother was enjoying great success at Manchester United.<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=57}}</ref> Revie told Charlton that he was prepared to let him go in 1962, but never actually transfer listed him.<ref name="Charlton 1996 59">{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=59}}</ref> [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] manager [[Bill Shankly]] failed to meet the £30,000 Leeds demanded for Charlton and though Manchester United manager [[Matt Busby]] was initially willing to pay the fee he eventually decided to try an untested youngster at centre-half instead.<ref name="Charlton 1996 59"/> During these discussions, Charlton refused to sign a new contract at Leeds but felt frustrated by Busby's hesitance and so signed a new contract with Leeds whilst making a promise to Revie to be more professional in his approach.<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=60}}</ref>

The [[1962–63 Football League|1962–63]] season began a new era for Leeds United as Revie began to mould the team and the club to his own liking. In a game against [[Swansea City A.F.C.|Swansea Town]] in September, Revie dropped many senior players and played Charlton in a young new defensive line-up: [[Gary Sprake]] (goalkeeper), [[Paul Reaney]] (right-back), [[Norman Hunter (footballer)|Norman Hunter]] and Charlton (centre-back), and [[Rod Johnson (footballer)|Rod Johnson]] (left-back).<ref name="page 62">{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=62}}</ref> Except Johnson, this defensive line-up would remain consistent for much of the rest of the decade.<ref name="page 62"/> Charlton took charge of the defence that day and insisted upon a zonal marking system; Revie agreed to allow Charlton to become the key organiser in defence. Aided by new midfield signing [[Johnny Giles]], Leeds put in a strong promotion challenge and finished fifth before securing promotion as champions in the [[1963–64 Football League|1963–64]] campaign, topping the table two points ahead of [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]]. Other players that began to make their mark on the first team included [[Billy Bremner]], [[Paul Madeley]] and [[Peter Lorimer]].<ref name="page 62"/>

Leeds made an immediate impact on their [[1964–65 Football League|first season back in the top flight]]. However, the team gained a reputation for rough play, and Charlton said in his autobiography that "the way we achieved that success made me feel uncomfortable".<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=65}}</ref> They went 25 games unbeaten before losing to Manchester United at Elland Road – their title race meant that the two clubs built up an [[Leeds United F.C.–Manchester United F.C. rivalry|intense rivalry]].<ref name="page 67">{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=67}}</ref> Leeds needed a win in their final game of the season to secure the title but could only manage a 3–3 draw with [[Birmingham City F.C.|Birmingham City]] at [[St Andrew's (stadium)|St Andrew's]] – Charlton scored the equalising goal on 86 minutes. Still, they could not push on for a winner.<ref name="page 67"/> They gained some measure of revenge over Man United by beating them 1–0 in the replay of the [[FA Cup semi-finals]].<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=69}}</ref> Leeds met [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] in [[1965 FA Cup Final|the final]] at [[Wembley Stadium (1923)|Wembley]], and the game went into extra-time after a goalless draw.<ref name="page 70">{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=70}}</ref> [[Roger Hunt]] opened the scoring three minutes into extra-time, but seven minutes later Charlton headed on a cross for Bremner to volley into the net for the equaliser; with seven minutes left [[Ian St John]] scored for Liverpool to win the game 2–1.<ref name="page 70"/>

United again competed for honours in the [[1965–66 Football League|1965–66]] season, finishing second to Liverpool in the league and reaching the semi-finals of the [[Inter-Cities Fairs Cup]]. It was the club's first season in European competition, and they beat the Italian side [[Torino F.C.|Torino]], and the East German club [[1. FC Lokomotive Leipzig|SC Leipzig]], Spanish club [[Valencia CF|Valencia]] and Hungarian outfit [[Újpest FC|Újpest]], before they were beaten 3–1 by Spanish side [[Real Zaragoza]] at Elland Road in a tiebreaker game following a 2–2 aggregate draw.<ref>{{cite web |title=European Competitions 1965–66 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/ec/ec196566.html |work=[[RSSSF]] |access-date=12 January 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140122152654/http://www.rsssf.com/ec/ec196566.html |archive-date=22 January 2014}}</ref> Charlton caused controversy against Valencia after he and defender Vidagany began fighting after Vidagany kicked Charlton in an off-the-ball incident; Charlton never actually struck the Spaniard, who hid behind his teammates.<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=71}}</ref>

The [[1966–67 Football League|1966–67]] season proved frustrating for United, despite the introduction of another club great in the form of [[Eddie Gray (footballer, born 1948)|Eddie Gray]].<ref name="page 98">{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=98}}</ref> Leeds finished fourth, five points behind champions Manchester United, and exited the FA Cup at the semi-finals after defeat to [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]]. They made progress in the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup, beating [[AFC DWS|DWS]] (Netherlands), Valencia, [[Bologna F.C. 1909|Bologna]] (Italy) and [[Kilmarnock F.C.|Kilmarnock]] (Scotland) to reach [[1967 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final|the final]], where they were beaten 2–0 on aggregate by Yugoslavian outfit [[GNK Dinamo Zagreb|Dinamo Zagreb]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Ross |first=James M. |title=European Competitions 1966–67 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/ec/ec196667.html |work=[[RSSSF]] |date=4 June 2015}}</ref> At the end of the season he was named as the [[FWA Footballer of the Year|Footballer of the Year]], succeeding his brother who had won the award the previous year.<ref name="page 99"/> During the award ceremony, he told some amusing stories and won a standing ovation from the crowd; this started him on a successful sideline as an [[after-dinner speaker]].<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=100}}</ref>

Charlton developed a new ploy for the [[1967–68 Football League|1967–68]] season by standing next to the goalkeeper during corners to prevent him from coming out to collect the ball; this created havoc for opposition defences and is still a frequently used tactic in the modern era.<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=103}}</ref> However, for the second successive season Leeds finished fourth and exited the FA Cup in the semi-finals, this time losing 1–0 to [[Everton F.C.|Everton]] at [[Old Trafford]]. They finally won major honours by beating [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] 1–0 in [[1968 Football League Cup Final|the final]] of the [[EFL Cup|League Cup]]; [[Terry Cooper (footballer, born 1944)|Terry Cooper]] scored the only goal of the game despite allegations that Charlton pushed goalkeeper [[Jim Furnell]] in the build-up to the goal.<ref name="page 105">{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=105}}</ref> Leeds then went on to lift the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup after beating [[CA Spora Luxembourg]], [[FK Partizan]] (Yugoslavia), [[Hibernian F.C.|Hibernian]] (Scotland), [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]] (Scotland) and [[Dundee F.C.|Dundee]] (Scotland) to reach [[1968 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final|the final]] with Hungarian club [[Ferencvárosi TC|Ferencvárosi]].<ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=European Competitions 1967–68 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/ec/ec196768.html |url-status=live |work=[[RSSSF]] |access-date=12 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601134748/http://www.rsssf.com/ec/ec196768.html |archive-date=1 June 2013}}</ref> They won 1–0 at Elland Road and drew 0–0 in [[Budapest]] to claim their first European trophy.<ref name="page 105"/>

Charlton helped Leeds to their first ever [[English Football League|Football League]] title in [[1968–69 Football League|1968–69]], as they lost just two games to finish six points clear of second-place Liverpool. They secured the title with a goalless draw at [[Anfield]] on 28 April, and Charlton later recalled the Liverpool supporters affectionately called him "big dirty giraffe", and that manager Bill Shankly went into the Leeds dressing room after the match to tell them they were "worthy champions".<ref name=":1">{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=106}}</ref>

{{Quote box|quote="People say Leeds United should have won a lot more – and maybe we would have won a lot more, if we hadn't been involved in every competition right until the end of each season. I mean, we got used to losing things&nbsp;... Yes, there was a lot of disappointment – but there was a lot of pride too, pride and passion and discipline which kept the Leeds family together when we might have fallen apart."|source=— Charlton won many honours with Leeds, but many more runners-up medals.<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=111}}</ref>|width=20%|align=right}}

United opened the [[1969–70 Football League|1969–70]] campaign by winning the [[FA Community Shield|Charity Shield]] with a [[1969 FA Charity Shield|2–1]] win over [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] and went on to face the realistic possibility of winning the [[Treble (association football)|treble]] – the league, FA Cup and [[UEFA Champions League|European Cup]].<ref name="page 107">{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=107}}</ref> However they missed out on all three trophies as the games built up towards the end of the season. The league title was the first to slip out of their hands as Everton went on to build an insurmountable lead.<ref name="page 107"/> They then bowed out of the European Cup after a 3–1 aggregate defeat to [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]], including a 2–1 loss at [[Hampden Park]] in front of a UEFA record crowd of 136,505.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hampden |url=http://www.scottishfa.co.uk/image_gallery.cfm?page=3089 |publisher=scottishfa.co.uk |access-date=31 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121005170524/http://www.scottishfa.co.uk/image_gallery.cfm?page=3089 |archive-date=5 October 2012 }}</ref> They took two replays to overcome Manchester United in the FA Cup semi-finals (Bremner scored the only goal in 300 minutes of football), but lost 2–1 in [[1970 FA Cup Final|the replayed final]] to Chelsea after the original 2–2 draw, in which Charlton opened the scoring. Charlton took responsibility for [[Peter Osgood]]'s goal in the replay as he was distracted from marking duties as he was trying to get revenge on a Chelsea player who had kicked him.<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=109}}</ref>

Charlton caused controversy early in the [[1970–71 Football League|1970–71]] season as in an October appearance on the [[ITV Tyne Tees|Tyne Tees]] football programme, he said he'd once had a "little black book" of names of players whom he intended to hurt or exact some form of revenge upon during his playing days.<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=112}}</ref> He was tried by the Football Association and was found not guilty of any wrongdoing after arguing that the press had misquoted him.<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=117}}</ref> He admitted that though he never actually had a book of names, he had a short list of names in his head of players who had made nasty tackles on him and that he intended to put in a hard but fair challenge on those players if he got the opportunity in the course of a game.<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=118}}</ref> Leeds ended the season in second place yet again, as Arsenal overtook them with a late series of 1–0 wins despite Leeds beating Arsenal in the penultimate game of the season after Charlton scored the winning goal.<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton |1996 |p=126}}</ref> The final tally of 64 points was a record high for a second-placed team.<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996 |p=127}}</ref> In the last ever season of the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup they beat [[Sarpsborg FK]] (Norway), [[Dynamo Dresden]] (Germany), [[AC Sparta Prague|Sparta Prague]] (Czechoslovakia), [[Vitória F.C.|Vitória]] (Portugal) and Liverpool to secure a place in the final against Italian club [[Juventus FC|Juventus]].<ref name = rsssf7071>{{cite web |title=European Competitions 1970–71 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/ec/ec197071.html |work=[[RSSSF]] |first = James M. |last = Ross|date = 4 June 2015}}</ref> They drew 2–2 at the [[Stadio Olimpico di Torino|Stadio Olimpico]] and 1–1 at Elland Road to win the cup on the [[away goals rule]].<ref name=":7">{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=128}}</ref> They had the opportunity to win the cup permanently but lost 2–1 to [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] at [[Camp Nou]] in the [[Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Trophy Play-Off|trophy play-off game]].<ref name = rsssf7071/>

Leeds finished second in the [[1971–72 Football League|1971–72]] season for the third successive time, this time ending up just one point behind champions [[Derby County F.C.|Derby County]] after losing to [[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.|Wolverhampton Wanderers]] at [[Molineux Stadium|Molineux]] on the final day of the season.<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=131}}</ref> However, Charlton managed to complete his list of domestic honours as Leeds beat Arsenal 1–0 in the [[1972 FA Cup Final|FA Cup final]]; he kept [[Charlie George]] to a very quiet game as Leeds successfully defended their slender lead.<ref name=":2">{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=130}}</ref>

Charlton was limited to 25 appearances in the [[1972–73 Football League|1972–73]] campaign and suffered an injury in the FA Cup semi-final against [[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.|Wolves]] which ended his season. After failing to regain his fitness for the final, he announced his retirement. Madeley played in his place, but [[Gordon McQueen]] had been signed as his long-term replacement.<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=135}}</ref> He played his testimonial against Celtic, and was given £28,000 of the £40,000 matchday takings.<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=132}}</ref>

==International career==

[[File:JackCharltonCruyff1969.jpg|thumb|right|Charlton tackling [[Johan Cruyff]] during a match between England and the Netherlands in 1969]]

With Charlton approaching his 30th birthday, he was called up by [[Alf Ramsey]] to play for England against [[Scotland national football team|Scotland]] at [[Wembley Stadium (1923)|Wembley]] on 10 April 1965.<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=76}}</ref> The game ended 2–2 despite England being forced to end the game with nine men after picking up two injuries; he assisted his brother Bobby for England's first goal.<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=78}}</ref> Ramsey later said that he picked Charlton to play alongside [[Bobby Moore]] as he was a conservative player able to provide cover to the more skilful Moore, who could get caught out if he made a rare mistake.<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=74}}</ref> The defence remained relatively constant in the build up to the [[1966 FIFA World Cup]]: [[Gordon Banks]] (goalkeeper), [[Ray Wilson (English footballer)|Ray Wilson]] (left-back), Charlton and Moore (centre-backs), and [[George Cohen]] (right-back).<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=79}}</ref> After playing in a 1–0 win over [[Hungary national football team|Hungary]] the following month, Charlton joined England for a tour of Europe as they drew 1–1 with [[Yugoslavia national football team|Yugoslavia]] and beat [[Germany national football team|West Germany]] 1–0 and [[Sweden men's national football team|Sweden]] 2–1.<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=80}}</ref> He played in a 0–0 draw with [[Wales national football team|Wales]] and a 2–1 win over [[Northern Ireland national football team|Northern Ireland]] to help England win the [[British Home Championship]], though sandwiched between these two games was a 3–2 defeat to [[Austria national football team|Austria]] – the first of only two occasions he was on the losing side in an England shirt.<ref name="page 82">{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=82}}</ref> He played all nine England games in 1965, the final one being a 2–0 win over [[Spain men's national football team|Spain]] at the [[Santiago Bernabéu Stadium]].<ref name="page 82"/>

England opened the year of 1966 on 5 January with a 1–1 draw with [[Poland national football team|Poland]] at [[Goodison Park]]; Ramsey's managerial ability was demonstrated during the game as the equalising goal came from Bobby Moore, who was allowed to surge forward as Charlton covered the gap he left behind in defence.<ref name="page 83">{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=83}}</ref> Charlton played in six of the next seven international victories as England prepared for the World Cup. The run started with impressive victories over West Germany and then Scotland in front of 133,000 fans at [[Hampden Park]].<ref name="page 83"/> He scored his first international goal with a deflected shot on 26 June, as England recorded a 3–0 victory over [[Finland national football team|Finland]] at the [[Helsinki Olympic Stadium]].<ref name="page 84">{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=84}}</ref> He missed the match against [[Norway national football team|Norway]] but returned to action with a headed goal in a 2–0 win over [[Denmark national football team|Denmark]] at [[Idrætsparken]].<ref name="page 84"/>

England drew 0–0 in their opening World Cup group game against [[Uruguay national football team|Uruguay]] after the South Americans came to play for a draw.<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=85}}</ref> They then beat [[Mexico national football team|Mexico]] 2–0 after a "tremendous goal" from Bobby Charlton opened up the game shortly before the half-time whistle.<ref name="page 86">{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=86}}</ref> England beat [[France national football team|France]] 2–0 in the final group game, with Charlton assisting [[Roger Hunt]] after heading the ball onto the post.<ref name="page 86"/> England eliminated [[Argentina national football team|Argentina]] in the quarter-finals with a 1–0 win – their efforts were greatly aided after Argentine centre-half [[Antonio Rattín]] was sent off for dissent, after which Argentina stopped attacking the ball and concentrated of holding out for a draw with their aggressive defending.<ref name="page 87">{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=87}}</ref> England's opponents in the semi-finals were [[Portugal national football team|Portugal]], who had giant centre-forward [[José Torres (footballer, born 1938)|José Torres]] to compete with Charlton for aerial balls.<ref name="page 89">{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=89}}</ref> Late in the game Charlton gave away a penalty by sticking out a hand to stop Torres from scoring; [[Eusébio]] scored the penalty but was largely contained by [[Nobby Stiles]], and England won the game 2–1 after two goals from Bobby Charlton.<ref name="page 89"/>

West Germany awaited in [[1966 FIFA World Cup Final|the final]] at [[Wembley Stadium (1923)|Wembley]], and they took the lead through [[Helmut Haller]] on 12 minutes; Charlton felt that he could have blocked the shot, but at the time he believed that Banks had it covered, though it was Wilson who was at fault for allowing Haller the chance to shoot.<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=90}}</ref> England came back and took the lead, but with only a few minutes left in the game, Charlton gave away a free kick after fouling [[Uwe Seeler]] whilst competing for an aerial ball; [[Wolfgang Weber]] scored the equalising goal from a goalmouth scramble created from the free kick.<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=91}}</ref> [[Geoff Hurst]] scored two goals in extra-time to win the game 4–2.<ref name=":3">{{cite web |title=1966 FIFA World Cup - News - Hurst the hero for England in the home of football |url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/hurst-the-hero-for-england-the-home-football-502124 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180524150528/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/hurst-the-hero-for-england-the-home-football-502124 |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 May 2018 |website=www.fifa.com |access-date=11 July 2020}}</ref>

After the World Cup England lost the annual Home Championship to Scotland after a 3–2 defeat in April 1967, Charlton scored for the second successive international game running after also finding the net against Wales the previous November.<ref name="page 98"/> He injured his foot during the game as he broke two [[sesamoid bone]]s in his big toe.<ref name="page 99">{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=99}}</ref> As his career went on he began to miss England games with niggling injuries to avoid friendly games in favour of playing important matches for Leeds; [[Brian Labone]] would take his place in the England team during Charlton's absences.<ref name="page 121">{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=121}}</ref> He was named in the squad for [[UEFA Euro 1968]], but did not feature in either of England's games. He won five caps in 1969, helping England to a memorable 5–0 win over [[France national football team|France]] and scoring in a 1–0 win over Portugal from a corner taken by his brother Bobby.<ref name="page 121"/>

In mid-1970, Ramsey named Charlton in his squad of 22 for the [[1970 FIFA World Cup|1970 World Cup]] in [[Mexico]]. However, he favoured Labone over Charlton and only picked Charlton for his 35th and final England game in the 1–0 group win over [[Czechoslovakia national football team|Czechoslovakia]] at the [[Estadio Jalisco]]. England lost in the quarter finals to West Germany, and on the flight home, Charlton asked Ramsey not to consider him for international duty again. He had agonised over how to break the news to Ramsey and eventually said: "Great times&nbsp;... absolute privilege&nbsp;... getting older&nbsp;... slowing down&nbsp;... not sure I am up to it any more&nbsp;... time to step down." Ramsey listened, then agreed with him: "Yes, I had reached that conclusion myself."<ref>{{cite news |last=Pearson |first=Harry |title=Gareth Southgate, Capello's job, and the art of ruling oneself out |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2011/feb/04/gareth-southgate-fabio-capello |work=The Sport Blog |location=UK |access-date=14 April 2011 |date=4 February 2011}}</ref>

==Managerial career==

===Middlesbrough===
Charlton was offered the job as manager of [[Football League Second Division|Second Division]] club [[Middlesbrough F.C.|Middlesbrough]] on his 38th birthday in 1973. He declined to be interviewed for the position and instead handed the club a list of responsibilities he expected to take, which, if agreed to, would give him total control of the running of the club.<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=136}}</ref> He refused a contract and would never sign a contract throughout his managerial career.<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=137}}</ref> He took a salary of £10,000 a year despite the chairman being willing to pay a lot more; his only stipulations were a gentleman's agreement that he would not be sacked, assurances that he would have no interference from the board in team affairs, and three days off a week for fishing and shooting.<ref>{{cite book |last=Phillips |first=Neil |title=Doctor To The World Champions: My Autobiography |year=2010 |publisher=Trafford |isbn=978-1-4251-6429-4 |page=493 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hky42XmoBZcC&q=%22Jack+Charlton%22&pg=PA489}}</ref> He decided first to repaint [[Ayresome Park]] and to publicise the upcoming league campaign to generate higher attendance figures.<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=142}}</ref>

Charlton took advice from Celtic manager [[Jock Stein]], who allowed him to sign right-sided midfielder [[Bobby Murdoch]] on a free transfer.<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=139}}</ref> Besides Murdoch the club already had ten players who Charlton moulded into a championship-winning side: [[Jim Platt]] (goalkeeper), [[John Craggs (footballer)|John Craggs]] (right-back), [[Stuart Boam]] and [[Willie Maddren]] (centre-backs), [[Frank Spraggon]] (left-back), [[David Armstrong (footballer, born 1954)|David Armstrong]] (left midfield), [[Graeme Souness]] (central midfield), [[Alan Foggon]] (attacking midfield), [[John Hickton]] and [[David Mills (footballer)|David Mills]] (forwards). Some of these players were already settled at the club and in their positions, whilst Charlton had to work with some of the other players. He moved Souness from left midfield to central midfield to compensate for his lack of pace and coached him to play the ball forward rather than side to side as was his instinct.<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=144}}</ref> Foggon was played in a new role which Charlton created to break the offside trap set by opposition defenders, an extremely fast player he was instructed to run behind defenders and latch on to the long ball to find himself one-on-one with the goalkeeper.<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=146}}</ref>

Middlesbrough secured promotion with seven games still to play of the [[1973–74 Football League|1973–74]] season, and Charlton told his team to settle for a point away at [[Luton Town F.C.|Luton Town]] so they could win the title at home but his players ignored his instruction to concede a goal and the title was secured with a 1–0 win at [[Kenilworth Road]].<ref name=":4">{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=147}}</ref> They won the title by a 15-point margin (at the time only two points were awarded for a win); in contrast promoted [[Carlisle United F.C.|Carlisle United]] (3rd) finished only 15 points ahead of [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace]] (20th), who were relegated. He was named Manager of the Year, the first time that a manager outside of the top-flight had been given such an honour.<ref name="page 148">{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=148}}</ref>

He continued to manage and change every aspect of the club. He decided to disassemble the club's scouting network to instead focus on local talent in [[Northumberland]] and [[County Durham|Durham]].<ref name="page 150">{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=150}}</ref> His only major new signing of the [[1974–75 Football League|1974–75]] season was [[Terry Cooper (footballer, born 1944)|Terry Cooper]], a former Leeds United teammate.<ref name="page 150"/> They adapted well to the [[Football League First Division|First Division]], finishing in seventh place, but would have finished fourth and qualified for Europe had [[Derby County F.C.|Derby County]] not scored a last-second goal against them on the last day of the season.<ref name="page 151">{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=151}}</ref>

Building for the [[1975–76 Football League|1975–76]] campaign, he signed [[Phil Boersma]] from [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] to replace Murdoch, but Boersma never settled at the club and was frequently injured.<ref name="page 151"/> They finished in 13th place, and went on to win the [[Anglo-Scottish Cup]] with a 1–0 win over [[Fulham F.C.|Fulham]].<ref name="page 151"/> They also reached the semi-finals of the [[Football League Cup|League Cup]], and took a 1–0 lead over [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] into the second leg at [[Maine Road]], where they were soundly beaten 4–0.<ref name="page 151"/> Teams had begun to learn how to combat Charlton's attack strategy. They left their centre-backs outside of the penalty box to neutralise Foggon's threat.<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=152}}</ref> Despite the team's steady progress, the club's board voted to sack Charlton in July 1976 after becoming increasingly concerned that he was overstepping his authority in negotiating business deals on behalf of the club and choosing the club's strip.<ref name="stripp">{{cite book |last=Phillips |first=Neil |title=Doctor To The World Champions: My Autobiography |year=2010 |publisher=Trafford |isbn=978-1-4251-6429-4 |pages=560–1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hky42XmoBZcC&q=%22Jack+Charlton%22&pg=PA489}}</ref> The club chairman overruled the decision and Charlton remained in charge.<ref name="stripp"/>

With Hickton coming to the end of his career, Charlton tried to sign [[David Cross (footballer, born 1950)|David Cross]] as a replacement but refused to go above £80,000, and Cross instead went to [[West Ham United F.C.|West Ham United]] for £120,000.<ref name="page 153">{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=153}}</ref> Middlesbrough finished the [[1976–77 Football League|1976–77]] campaign in 12th place, and Charlton left the club at the end of the season on the belief that four years was an optimum time with one group of players and that he had reached his peak with them – he later regretted his decision. He stated that he could have led the club to a league title if he had stayed and signed two more top-quality players.<ref name="page 153"/> He applied for the job of [[England national football team|England]] manager after [[Don Revie]] quit the role and [[Brian Clough]] was ruled out by [[the Football Association]]. Charlton did not receive a reply to his application and vowed never to apply for another job again, instead waiting until he was approached.<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=156}}</ref>

===Sheffield Wednesday===
In October 1977, he replaced [[Len Ashurst]] as manager at [[Sheffield Wednesday F.C.|Sheffield Wednesday]], who were then bottom of the [[Football League Third Division|Third Division]].<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=160}}</ref> He appointed as his assistant [[Maurice Setters]], who had experience managing at that level but had effectively ruled himself out of another management job after taking [[Doncaster Rovers F.C.|Doncaster Rovers]] to court for unfair dismissal.<ref name="page 161">{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=161}}</ref> The two agreed that while the standard of football in the division was low, the work rates were high. So, the best way to make progress would be to play long balls into the opposition penalty area while recruiting big defenders to avoid being caught by opposition teams with similar tactics.<ref name="page 161"/> He took the "Owls" to mid-table safety with a 14th-place finish in the [[1977–78 Football League|1977–78]] season, though they did suffer embarrassment by being knocked out of the [[FA Cup]] by [[Northern Premier League]] side [[Wigan Athletic F.C.|Wigan Athletic]].<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=162}}</ref>

His priority in the summer of 1978 was to find a target man for [[Tommy Tynan]] to play alongside. He found it in {{height|ft=6|in=2}} [[Andrew McCulloch (footballer)|Andrew McCulloch]], who arrived from [[Brentford F.C.|Brentford]] for a £70,000 fee.<ref name="page 164">{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=164}}</ref> He signed [[Terry Curran]] as a winger but eventually moved him up front to play alongside McCulloch.<ref name="page 164"/> He sold goalkeeper [[Chris Turner (footballer, born 1958)|Chris Turner]] to [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] and replaced him with the bigger [[Bob Bolder]].<ref name="page 164"/> He further raised the average height of the team by signing uncompromising centre-half [[Mick Pickering]] from [[Southampton F.C.|Southampton]].<ref name="page 164"/> The team failed to advance in the league, finishing the [[1978–79 Football League|1978–79]] season again in 14th spot. They did make their mark on the FA Cup in the Third Round by taking [[1979 FA Cup Final|eventual winners]] [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] to four replays before they eventually succumbed to a 2–0 defeat.<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=166}}</ref>

Charlton's major acquisition for the [[1979–80 Football League|1979–80]] campaign was signing [[Yugoslavia national football team|Yugoslavia]] international midfielder [[Ante Miročević]] for a £200,0000 fee from [[FK Budućnost Podgorica]].<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=167}}</ref> Miročević proved unable to handle the British winter but otherwise added flair to the team in fairer weather.<ref name="page 168">{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=168}}</ref> Wednesday went on to secure promotion with a third-place finish, and Curran finished as the division's top-scorer.<ref name=197980Table>{{cite web|title=League Division Three end of season table for 1979–80 season|url=https://www.11v11.com/league-tables/league-division-three/31-may-1980/|publisher=11v11|access-date=11 July 2020}}</ref>

As the [[1980–81 Football League|1980–81]] season came around Wednesday had young talent such as [[Mark Smith (footballer, born 1960)|Mark Smith]], [[Kevin Taylor (English footballer)|Kevin Taylor]], [[Peter Shirtliff]] and [[Mel Sterland]] breaking into the first team.<ref name="page 168"/> The club were comfortable in the [[Football League Second Division|Second Division]], finishing in tenth position.<ref>{{cite web|title=League Division Two end of season table for 1980-81 season|url=https://www.11v11.com/league-tables/league-division-two/31-may-1981/|publisher=11v11|access-date=11 July 2020}}</ref>

Wednesday pushed for promotion in the [[1981–82 Football League|1981–82]] season, but it ended just one place and one point outside the promotion places and would have been promoted under the old two points for a win system that was replaced by the three points for a win system at the beginning of the campaign.<ref name="page 169">{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=169}}</ref>

In building for the [[1982–83 Sheffield Wednesday F.C. season|1982–83]] campaign, Charlton signed experienced defender [[Mick Lyons (English footballer)|Mick Lyons]] from [[Everton F.C.|Everton]], and by Christmas Wednesday were top of the table.<ref name="page 169"/> The club had a limited squad, and successful cup runs took their toll, as did injuries to McCulloch and [[Brian Hornsby]] as they drifted down to sixth place by the close of the season.<ref name="page 169"/> They reached the semi-finals of the FA Cup, losing 2–1 to [[Brighton & Hove Albion F.C.|Brighton & Hove Albion]] at [[Arsenal Stadium|Highbury]] with key defender [[Ian Bailey (footballer)|Ian Bailey]] out with a broken leg sustained the previous week. Charlton announced his departure from [[Hillsborough Stadium|Hillsborough]] in May 1983 despite pleas from the directors for him to stay.<ref name="page 170">{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=170}}</ref>

In March 1984, [[Malcolm Allison]] left [[Middlesbrough F.C.|Middlesbrough]] and Charlton agreed to manage the club until the end of the [[1983–84 Football League|1983–84]] to help steer the club away from the Second Division relegation zone.<ref name="page 171">{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=171}}</ref> He was unpaid except for expenses and only took the job as a favour to his friend Mike McCullagh, who was the club's chairman.<ref name="page 171"/> Middlesbrough ended the season in 17th place, seven points clear of the relegation zone.<ref>{{cite web|title=League Division Two end of season table for 1983-84 season|url=https://www.11v11.com/league-tables/league-division-two/31-may-1984/|publisher=11v11|access-date=11 July 2020}}</ref>

===Newcastle United===
Charlton was appointed manager of [[Newcastle United F.C.|Newcastle United]] in June 1984 after being persuaded to take the job by [[Jackie Milburn]].<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=176}}</ref> [[Arthur Cox (footballer)|Arthur Cox]] had left the club after leading the "Magpies" to the [[Football League First Division|First Division]] and key player [[Kevin Keegan]] announced his retirement.<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=177}}</ref> His first action was to release [[Terry McDermott]] from his contract, who refused to agree to Charlton's offer of a new contract.<ref name="page 178">{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=178}}</ref> He had little money to spend in preparation for the [[1984–85 Newcastle United F.C. season|1984–85]] season, though he did have young talents in [[Chris Waddle]] and [[Peter Beardsley]].<ref name="page 178"/> He signed midfielder [[Gary Megson]] and big striker [[George Reilly]].<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=179}}</ref> The "Toon" finished safely in 14th place, and a teenage [[Paul Gascoigne]] was on the verge of breaking into the first team.<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=183}}</ref>

Charlton resigned at the end of pre-season training for the [[1985–86 Newcastle United F.C. season|1985–86]] campaign after fans at [[St James' Park]] started calling for his dismissal after the club failed to secure the signing of [[Eric Gates]], who instead joined [[Lawrie McMenemy]] at [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]].<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=185}}</ref>

===Republic of Ireland===
Charlton was approached by the [[Football Association of Ireland|FAI]] to manage the [[Republic of Ireland national football team|Republic of Ireland]] in December 1985.<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=195}}</ref> His appointment was controversial in Ireland at the time due to his status as an Englishman.<ref>{{cite web | url= https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2021/mar/29/finding-jack-charlton-review-how-an-englishman-became-an-irish-hero | title=Finding Jack Charlton review – how an Englishman became an Irish hero | work=The Guardian | first=Stuart | last=Jeffries | date=29 March 2021 |access-date=19 July 2024}}</ref> His first game in charge was on 26 March 1986 against [[Wales national football team|Wales]] at [[Lansdowne Road]] which ended in a 1–0 defeat.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.soccerscene.ie/ss_gen/matchdetails.php?id=222&level=sssenior|title=Republic of Ireland 0 Wales 1|date=26 March 1986|work=SoccerScene.ie|access-date=16 December 2009}}</ref> 
In May 1986, Ireland won the [[Iceland Triangular Tournament]] at [[Laugardalsvöllur]], in [[Iceland]]'s capital of [[Reykjavík]], with a 2–1 victory over [[Iceland national football team|Iceland]] and a 1–0 win over [[Czechoslovakia national football team|Czechoslovakia]].<ref name=":5">{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=207}}</ref> By this time, Charlton had developed his tactics, which were based on the traditional British 4–4–2 system, as opposed to the continental approach of using deep-lying midfielders, as he noted that most of the Ireland international players plied their trade in England.<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=205}}</ref> Crucially, he instructed all members of his team to pressure opposition players and, in particular, force ball-playing defenders into mistakes.<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=206}}</ref>

====Euro 1988====
[[UEFA Euro 1988 qualifying|Qualification]] for [[UEFA Euro 1988|Euro 1988]] in West Germany meant winning [[UEFA Euro 1988 qualifying Group 7|a group]] containing Belgium, [[Bulgaria national football team|Bulgaria]], [[Luxembourg national football team|Luxembourg]] and [[Scotland national football team|Scotland]]. The campaign opened with Belgium at the [[King Baudouin Stadium|Heysel Stadium]], and though Ireland contained danger man [[Nico Claesen]], they had to settle for a 2–2 draw after conceding twice from corner-kicks; [[Frank Stapleton]] and [[Liam Brady]] scored the goals for Ireland.<ref name= "page 214">{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=214}}</ref> They then dominated Scotland at [[Lansdowne Road]], but failed to find the net and instead drew 0–0.<ref name="page 214"/> In the return fixture at [[Hampden Park]] [[Mark Lawrenson]] scored an early goal and another clean sheet won the Irish their first win of qualification.<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton |1996|p=215}}</ref> The campaign faltered with a 2–1 loss in Bulgaria, though Charlton was furious with referee [[Carlos Silva Valente]] as he felt that both of [[Lachezar Tanev]]'s goals should not have counted as [[Nasko Sirakov]] allegedly pushed [[Mick McCarthy]] in the build-up to the first and he felt that Sirakov was outside the penalty box when he was fouled by [[Kevin Moran (footballer)|Kevin Moran]] – Valente instead gave a penalty.<ref name="page 216">{{harvnb|Charlton |1996 |p=216}}</ref> They picked up another point after a 0–0 draw with Belgium in [[Dublin]].<ref name="page 216"/> Despite not particularly impressing, Ireland then picked up four points with two victories over Luxembourg.<ref name="page 217">{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=217}}</ref> They ended the campaign with a 2–0 home win over Bulgaria, [[Paul McGrath (footballer)|Paul McGrath]] and Kevin Moran the scorers, though Liam Brady (an ever-present in qualification) picked up a two-match suspension after lashing out late in the game after being repeatedly kicked by Bulgarian midfielder [[Ayan Sadakov]].<ref name="page 217"/><ref>{{cite news |title=Shattered Dreams and Bones in Bulgar Battles|date= 25 March 2009 |work=Irish Independent |location = Dublin |url=https://www.independent.ie/sport/columnists/vincent-hogan/shattered-dreams-and-bones-in-bulgar-battles-26523674.html |publisher=independent.ie|first = Vincent|last = Hogan}}</ref> Despite the victory the Irish had to rely on a favour from the Scots in order to qualify, who duly obliged with a 1–0 victory, courtesy of [[Gary Mackay]] – a substitute earning his first cap – in [[Sofia]] to keep Bulgaria one point behind Ireland in the table.<ref name="page 217"/>

{{Quote box|quote="...&nbsp;every player we brought into the squad considered himself Irish&nbsp;... Had it not been for the economic circumstances which forced their parents or grandparents to emigrate, they would have been born and reared in Ireland. Should they now be victimized and denied their heritage because of the whims of journalists? I think not."|source=— Charlton responded to critics who noted the high percentage of Ireland internationals during his time as manager who had been born and raised in Britain.<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=221}}</ref>|width=30%|align=right}}

The build up to Euro 1988 in [[West Germany]] was far from ideal, as key player Mark Lawrenson was forced to retire after injuring his Achilles tendon, Liam Brady picked up a serious knee injury and [[Mark Kelly (footballer, born 1969)|Mark Kelly]] was also injured.<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=224}}</ref> The first match of the tournament was against [[England national football team|England]] at the [[MHPArena|Neckarstadion]], and Charlton reasoned that the threat posed by English wingers [[Chris Waddle]] and [[John Barnes (footballer)|John Barnes]] could be nullified by allowing the English defence to feel comfortable on the ball without allowing them a pass; this made the build-up play slow and containable.<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=228}}</ref> His game-plan worked and Ireland claimed a 1–0 win after [[Ray Houghton]] secured an early lead.<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=229}}</ref> He then compensated for a series of injuries by playing [[Ronnie Whelan]] and [[Kevin Sheedy (Irish footballer)|Kevin Sheedy]] in central midfield, and was rewarded with a great performance and a good point in a 1–1 draw with the [[Soviet Union national football team|Soviet Union]] at the [[Niedersachsenstadion]], Whelan scoring the goal.<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=230}}</ref> To qualify they only needed a point against the [[Netherlands national football team|Netherlands]] at the [[Parkstadion]], and Charlton devised a time-wasting plan with goalkeeper [[Packie Bonner]] that he was forced to abandon after referee [[Horst Brummeier]] was less than impressed.<ref name="page 231">{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=231}}</ref> Ireland lost the game 1–0 after [[Wim Kieft]] scored an 82nd-minute goal.<ref name="page 231"/> England and Ireland were eliminated while Netherlands and the Soviet Union qualified – both teams would go on to contest [[UEFA Euro 1988 Final|the final]], which the Dutch won 2–0.<ref>{{cite web |title=UEFA Euro 1988 |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro/history/seasons/1988/matches/ |website=[[UEFA]] |access-date=11 July 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

====1990 World Cup====
[[1990 FIFA World Cup qualification (UEFA)|Qualification]] for the [[1990 FIFA World Cup|1990 World Cup]] in Italy required Charlton to mastermind a top two finish in [[1990 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group 6|a group]] consisting of [[Spain men's national football team|Spain]], [[Hungary national football team|Hungary]], [[Northern Ireland national football team|Northern Ireland]] and [[Malta national football team|Malta]]. The campaign started on hostile ground at [[Belfast]]'s [[Windsor Park]], and he had stand-in goalkeeper [[Gerry Peyton]] to thank for the point gained from a goalless draw with Northern Ireland.<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=236}}</ref> A series of injuries left only a skeleton squad to face Spain at the [[Estadio Benito Villamarín]], leaving a recall for defender [[David O'Leary]], and Ireland were beaten 2–0.<ref name="page 237">{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=237}}</ref> They then left [[Budapest]]'s [[Ferenc Puskás Stadium|Népstadion]] with a point from another goalless draw. However, they were criticised for not taking all two points after dominating the game.<ref name="page 237"/> The next four fixtures would be played at Lansdowne Road, and all four games ended in victory. First, they beat Spain 1–0 after an own goal from [[Míchel (footballer, born 1963)|Míchel]], then they overcame Malta and Hungary with 2–0 wins before beating Northern Ireland 3–0.<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=240}}</ref> Qualification for Ireland's first World Cup was assured at the [[Ta' Qali National Stadium]] after [[John Aldridge]] scored both goals in another 2–0 victory.<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=244}}</ref>

Ireland's [[1990 FIFA World Cup Group F|group]] opponents in [[Italy|Italia]] '90 were England, [[Egypt national football team|Egypt]] and the Netherlands. Charlton felt that England's four-man midfield of Waddle, Barnes, [[Bryan Robson]] and [[Paul Gascoigne]] did not offer enough protection to the back four, and he was proved correct when Kevin Sheedy cancelled out [[Gary Lineker]]'s opener to secure a 1–1 draw in the group opener at the [[Stadio Sant'Elia]].<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=252}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=8sBUAAAAIBAJ&pg=4981,3490001&dq=jack+charlton&hl=en |title=Lethal Dose of Sheedy |date=13 June 1990 |page=26 |work=New Straits Times |access-date=18 June 2013}}</ref> A poor performance against a negative Egyptian side at the [[Stadio Renzo Barbera|Stadio La Favorita]] meant that neither side scored a goal in a dour draw.<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=253}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=x8G803Bi31IC&dat=19900618&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |title=Egypt Block Irish Hustle |date=18 June 1990 |page=32 |work=New Straits Times |access-date=18 June 2013}}</ref> They ended the group with a 1–1 draw with the Dutch, [[Niall Quinn]] cancelling out [[Ruud Gullit]]'s opener in the 71st minute, after which both sides settled for a stalemate as a draw meant that both qualified ahead of Egypt.<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=254}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=x8G803Bi31IC&dat=19900623&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |title=Ireland 1 Holland 1 |date=23 June 1990 |page=22 |work=New Straits Times |access-date=18 June 2013}}</ref> Ireland then defeated [[Romania national football team|Romania]] in the Second Round match at the [[Stadio Luigi Ferraris]] which went to [[Penalty shoot-out (association football)|penalties]] after a 0–0 draw, before the whole team had a meeting with [[Pope John Paul II]] at the [[Vatican City|Vatican]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=x8G803Bi31IC&dat=19900626&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |title=Irish in Last Eight |date=26 June 1990 |page=24 |work=New Straits Times |access-date=18 June 2013}}</ref>

One of the most iconic moments from Ireland's unexpected success in ''[[1990 FIFA World Cup|Italia 90]]'', (the 1990 FIFA World Cup), took place at [[Walkinstown]] roundabout, Dublin on 25 June 1990 after Ireland beat Romania on penalties.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Dennehy|first=Mary|date=2020-07-29|title=Iconic scenes at Walkinstown roundabout to remember Jack|url=https://www.echo.ie/iconic-scenes-at-walkinstown-roundabout-to-remember-jack/|access-date=2022-09-05|website=[[The Echo (Dublin newspaper)|The Echo]]|language=en}}</ref> Crowds emerged from the nearby public houses of the Kestrel and Cherry Tree and invaded the roundabout to celebrate the win. Amateur footage of the joyous scenes became synonymous with Ireland's success that year and epitomised the sense of hope which prevailed throughout the country, especially after a decade of economic recession.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Barry|first=Stephen|date=2020-07-21|title=Italia '90 scenes at Walkinstown Roundabout as Ireland pays tribute to Jack Charlton|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/sport/soccer/arid-40019342.html|access-date=2022-09-05|website=[[The Irish Examiner]]|language=en}}</ref> After Charlton died in 2020, fans gathered at the roundabout to recreate the moment and pay their respects to the past manager.<ref name = gatav>{{Cite web|last=Gataveckaite|first=Gabija|date=2020-07-21|title=Italia 90 scenes revisited as Ireland fans pay tribute to Jack Charlton at Walkinstown Roundabout|url=https://www.independent.ie/sport/soccer/international-soccer/italia-90-scenes-revisited-as-ireland-fans-pay-tribute-to-jack-charlton-at-walkinstown-roundabout-39385298.html|access-date=2022-09-05|website=[[The Irish Independent]]|language=en}}</ref>

Ireland eventually went out to the host country, [[Italy national football team|Italy]], 1–0 in the quarter-finals at the [[Stadio Olimpico]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/07/01/sports/world-cup-90-italy-reaches-semifinals.html |title=Italy Reaches Semifinals |date=1 July 1990 |work=The New York Times |access-date=18 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://observer.guardian.co.uk/irelandfootball/story/0,,586461,00.html |title=Schillaci ends Irish odyssey |date=1 July 1990 |work=Observer |access-date=19 June 2013}}</ref> A lapse of concentration meant that Italy's [[Salvatore Schillaci]] scored on 38 minutes. Ireland failed to build up enough chances to find the equalising goal.<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=261}}</ref> After returning to [[Dublin]], over 500,000 people turned out to welcome the team back.<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=262}}</ref>

====Euro 1992 qualifying====
Qualification for [[UEFA Euro 1992|Euro 1992]] in Sweden left Ireland facing [[UEFA Euro 1992 qualifying Group 7|a group]] of England, [[Poland national football team|Poland]] and [[Turkey national football team|Turkey]]. They opened in style with a 5–0 home win over the Turks and then drew 1–1 home and away with the English; Ireland were the better team than England in both encounters, and Charlton said that they "twice let them off the hook" after Houghton missed easy chances in both games.<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=269}}</ref> A 0–0 draw at home with Poland followed, and they were then leading 3–1 in the return fixture in [[Poznań]] but conceded two late goals to end the match at 3–3.<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=270}}</ref> Ireland beat Turkey 3–1 in [[Istanbul]] despite the intimidating atmosphere of the [[BJK İnönü Stadium|İnönü Stadium]], but were denied a place in the tournament as England scored a late equalizing goal in Poland to secure the point that would take them above Ireland in the group.<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=271}}</ref>

====1994 World Cup====
To [[1994 FIFA World Cup qualification (UEFA)|qualify]] for the [[1994 FIFA World Cup|1994 World Cup]] in the US, Ireland had to finish first or second in a [[1994 FIFA World Cup qualification (UEFA – Group 3)|seven-team group]] of Spain, [[UEFA Euro 1992|European champions]] [[Denmark national football team|Denmark]], Northern Ireland, [[Lithuania national football team|Lithuania]], [[Latvia national football team|Latvia]], and [[Albania national football team|Albania]]. Lithuania, Latvia, and Albania proved to be little threat to the Irish, and both home and away matches against these three teams earned Ireland the maximum of two points. The two most difficult fixtures – Denmark and Spain away – ended in goalless draws. John Aldridge had a goal disallowed for offside against the Spanish which even Spain manager [[Javier Clemente]] said should have stood.<ref name="page 273">{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=273}}</ref> Ireland then beat Northern Ireland 3–0 at home before settling for a 1–1 draw with Denmark.<ref name="page 273"/> The qualification campaign was then derailed in the opening 26 minutes of the home tie with Spain as the Spanish took a three-goal lead; the game ended 3–1, with [[John Sheridan (footballer)|John Sheridan]]'s late consolation eventually proving crucial at the end of the campaign.<ref name="page 276">{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=276}}</ref> The final game was in Belfast against Northern Ireland during a tense period of [[The Troubles]].<ref name="page 276"/> [[Jimmy Quinn (footballer, born 1959)|Jimmy Quinn]] put Northern Ireland into the lead on 74 minutes, but four minutes later [[Alan McLoughlin]] scored the equalising goal to allow the Republic of Ireland to secure second place in the group due to their superior goals scored tally over Denmark.<ref name="page 278">{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=278}}</ref> When Quinn scored Northern Ireland assistant manager [[Jimmy Nicholl]] shouted "Up yours!" to his counterpart [[Maurice Setters]] (Charlton's assistant); in response to this Charlton approached Northern Ireland manager [[Billy Bingham]] at the final whistle and told him "Up yours too, Billy".<ref name="page 278"/>

In the build up to the World Cup Charlton gave out first caps to [[Gary Kelly (footballer, born 1974)|Gary Kelly]], [[Phil Babb]] and [[Jason McAteer]]; he had difficulty convincing McAteer to join Ireland as he first had to turn down an approach by [[The Football Association|the FA]] to play for the [[England national under-21 football team|England under-21]]s.<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=282}}</ref> He scheduled difficult matches before the tournament and Ireland picked up positive results by beating both the Netherlands and [[Germany national football team|Germany]] away from home.<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=283}}</ref> Ireland opened [[1994 FIFA World Cup Group E|the group stage]] of the tournament by beating Italy 1–0 at the [[Giants Stadium]], Ray Houghton scoring the winning goal on 11 minutes.<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=289}}</ref> They then fell to a 2–1 defeat to [[Mexico national football team|Mexico]] at the [[Camping World Stadium|Florida Citrus Bowl Stadium]], during which Charlton had a pitch-side argument with an official who was preventing substitute John Aldridge (who went on to score the consolation goal) from taking the pitch minutes after his teammate Tommy Coyne had left the pitch and sat down on the bench.<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=293}}</ref> For his arguing, Charlton was suspended by [[FIFA]] for the final group game against [[Norway national football team|Norway]], and had to watch from the commentary box as Ireland qualified with a 0–0 draw.<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=294}}</ref> They faced the Netherlands in the Round of 16; [[Dennis Bergkamp]] put the Dutch ahead on 11 minutes after [[Marc Overmars]] took advantage of a mistake by [[Terry Phelan]], and [[Wim Jonk]] scored the second and final goal of the game from 30 yards after Packie Bonner fluffed an otherwise routine save.<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=295}}</ref> For his achievements Charlton was awarded the [[Freedom of the City of Dublin]] in 1994 by [[Lord Mayor of Dublin|Lord Mayor]] [[Tomás Mac Giolla]], the first Englishman to be given the honour since 1854.<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=296}}</ref>

====Euro 1996 qualifying====
Ireland failed to [[UEFA Euro 1996 qualifying|qualify]] for [[UEFA Euro 1996|Euro 1996]] in England, despite a strong start to [[UEFA Euro 1996 qualifying Group 6|the group]], when they won their opening three games, including a 4–0 win against Northern Ireland. The Republic's next game was also against Northern Ireland, although the result was a 1–1 draw. From that point onwards, the Republic stuttered badly as injuries struck down key players [[Roy Keane]], [[Andy Townsend]], John Sheridan and [[Steve Staunton]].<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=299}}</ref> After beating the highly fancied [[Portugal national football team|Portugal]], the Irish then endured an embarrassing 0–0 draw to [[Liechtenstein national football team|Liechtenstein]] (this was Liechtenstein's only point in their ten matches), before losing twice to [[Austria national football team|Austria]], on both occasions by three goals to one. Although they defeated [[Latvia national football team|Latvia]], Ireland needed to beat Portugal in [[Lisbon]] to qualify outright but lost 3–0. They finished second in the group, ahead of Northern Ireland on goal difference, but as the worst performing runners-up they had to win a play-off game at [[Anfield]] against the Netherlands; Ireland lost 2–0 after a brace from [[Patrick Kluivert]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Play-offs – 13/12/1995 – 21:00CET (20:00 local time) – Anfield – Liverpool |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro/match/52312--republic-of-ireland-vs-netherlands/ |access-date=8 January 2014 |publisher=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> Charlton resigned shortly after the game.

{{Blockquote|In my heart of hearts, I knew I'd wrung as much as I could out of the squad I'd got – that some of my older players had given me all they had to give.|Charlton spoke in his autobiography about his decision to retire.<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=298}}</ref>}}

==Personal life==
Charlton married Pat Kemp on 6 January 1958, and his brother Bobby acted as his best man.<ref name="page 46"/> They had three children: John (born in January 1959), Deborah (born 1961) and Peter, who was born just after Charlton senior played in the 1966 World Cup final. During the 1960s, he ran two clothes shops in [[Leeds]], and he later operated the club shop at [[Elland Road]].<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=10}}</ref> Charlton was a keen amateur [[fishing|fisherman]] and took part in [[Hunting and shooting in the United Kingdom|field sports]].<ref>He also hosted a television show on the shooting sports in the early 1980s titled "Jack's Game". {{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=187}}</ref> Politically, Charlton was a [[socialist]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Jones |first=Grahame L. |date=21 June 1990 |title=WORLD CUP '90 : Jack Charlton Still a Picture of Cup Success : Ireland: Standout player on England's 1966 champions has coached the Irish into contention. |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-06-21-sp-433-story.html |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |access-date=12 July 2021}}</ref> He was a founding supporter of the [[Anti-Nazi League]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://tribunemag.co.uk/2021/07/the-england-team-are-the-best-of-us |title=The England Team Are the Best of Us |last=Lavery |first=Ian |author-link=Ian Lavery |date=12 July 2021 |website=[[Tribune (magazine)|Tribune]] |access-date=12 July 2021}}</ref> Along with his wife, he was a supporter of the [[UK miners' strike (1984–85)|UK miners' strike of 1984-85]], and lent two of his cars to striking miners for travelling to [[Picketing|pickets]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://morningstaronline.co.uk/article/arthur-scargill-pays-tribute-unswerving-jack-charlton-miners-strike-solidarity |title=Arthur Scargill pays tribute to 'unswerving' Jack Charlton for miners' strike solidarity |author=<!--Not stated--> |website=[[morningstaronline.co.uk]] |date=11 July 2020 |access-date=12 July 2021}}</ref> He appeared on ''[[Desert Island Discs]]'' in 1972 and 1996, and chose to take with him ''[[The Adventures of Tom Sawyer]]'' and ''[[Adventures of Huckleberry Finn]]'' by [[Mark Twain]], the ''Encyclopaedia of How to Survive'', a spyglass, and a fishing rod.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jackie Charlton, Desert Island Discs – BBC Radio 4 |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p0093n6w#p009nb5k |website=BBC |access-date=18 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Jackie Charlton, Desert Island Discs – BBC Radio 4 |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p0093n6w |website=BBC |access-date=18 November 2016}}</ref> Charlton was the subject of ''[[This Is Your Life (British TV series)|This Is Your Life]]'' in 1973 when he was surprised by [[Eamonn Andrews]].{{Citation needed|date=September 2021}}

He was appointed an [[Officer of the Order of the British Empire]] (OBE) in the [[1974 Birthday Honours]].<ref name="page 148"/> In 1996, he was awarded [[List of honorary citizens of Ireland|honorary Irish citizenship]]. The honour amounts to full Irish citizenship, the highest honour the Irish state gives and is rarely granted.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/artist-made-honorary-citizen-26162428.html |title=Artist made honorary citizen |last=Anderson |first=Nicola |date=14 January 1999 |work=Irish Independent |quote=Dr Hill is just the 11th person to be awarded honorary citizenship since the foundation of the State. |access-date=10 September 2013}}</ref> In 1994, he was made a [[Freedom of the City|Freeman]] of the city of [[Dublin]], and was given an [[Honorary degree]] of [[Doctor of Science]] (D.Sc.) by the [[University of Limerick]] on 9 September 1994.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www2.ul.ie/web/WWW/Administration/Ceremonies/Honorary_Conferrings/Honoured_by_UL |title=Honoured By UL – Ceremonies – University of Limerick |access-date=7 May 2011 |archive-date=19 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110419031300/http://www2.ul.ie/web/WWW/Administration/Ceremonies/Honorary_Conferrings/Honoured_by_UL/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> He was posthumously awarded the Presidential Distinguished Service Award for the Irish Abroad in 2020.<ref>{{cite news |title=Jack Charlton and WHO's Michael Ryan win presidential awards |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/social-affairs/jack-charlton-and-who-s-michael-ryan-win-presidential-awards-1.4402656 |access-date=5 June 2021 |newspaper=The Irish Times}}</ref> In 1997, he was appointed a [[deputy lieutenant]] of [[Northumberland]].<ref name="efmmg"/> Charlton was inducted into the [[English Football Hall of Fame]] in 2005 in recognition of his contribution to the English game.<ref name=":6">{{cite web |title=Jack Charlton |url=http://www.nationalfootballmuseum.com/hall-of-fame/profiles/entry/jack-charlton/ |work=nationalfootballmuseum.com |access-date=12 January 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140112123335/http://www.nationalfootballmuseum.com/hall-of-fame/profiles/entry/jack-charlton/ |archive-date=12 January 2014}}</ref> There is a life-size statue of him at [[Cork Airport]] in Ireland, representing him sitting in his fishing gear and displaying a [[salmon]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.the42.ie/irish-sports-statues-904803-May2013/ |publisher=The42 |title=10 of the best sporting statues in Ireland |date=12 May 2013 |access-date=2020-07-11}}</ref> On 4 December 2019, he was made a Freeman of the City of Leeds along with the other members of the Revie team of the 1960s and 1970s but was unable to attend the ceremony.<ref>{{cite news |title=Date set for freedom of the city ceremony for Revie-era Leeds United players |url=https://www.yorkshireeveningpost.co.uk/news/politics/date-set-freedom-city-ceremony-revie-era-leeds-united-players-1326773 |access-date=31 December 2019 |work=Yorkshire Evening Post |date=28 November 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

He revealed in his 1996 autobiography that he had a strained relationship with his brother Bobby.<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=307}}</ref> Jack felt Bobby began to drift away from the Charlton family following his marriage to Norma, who did not get along with their mother.<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=309}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://football.guardian.co.uk/News_Story/0,,2156415,00.html |title=Sir Bobby reopens the family feud |access-date=27 August 2007 |date=27 August 2007 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref> Bobby did not see his mother after 1992 until her death on 25 March 1996 as a result of the feud,<ref>{{cite news |last=Anglesey |first=Steve |title=Mother's Day special: Football's top 10 most important mothers |url=http://www.mirrorfootball.co.uk/opinion/blogs/mirror-football-blog/The-mums-of-Cristiano-Ronaldo-George-Best-Ashley-Cole-Bobby-and-Jack-Charlton-Frank-Lampard-Jose-Antonio-Reyes-Theo-Walcott-and-more-Football-s-10-most-important-mothers-article351987.html |access-date=1 January 2014 |newspaper=[[Daily Mirror]] |date=12 March 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227021718/http://www.mirrorfootball.co.uk/opinion/blogs/mirror-football-blog/The-mums-of-Cristiano-Ronaldo-George-Best-Ashley-Cole-Bobby-and-Jack-Charlton-Frank-Lampard-Jose-Antonio-Reyes-Theo-Walcott-and-more-Football-s-10-most-important-mothers-article351987.html |archive-date=27 February 2014 }}</ref> though he and Norma did attend her funeral.<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=310}}</ref> Though the two brothers remained distant, Jack presented Bobby with his [[BBC Sports Personality of the Year Lifetime Achievement Award]] on 14 December 2008.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tv_and_radio/sports_personality_of_the_year/7775752.stm |title=Sports Personality 2008: Charlton given BBC Lifetime award |publisher=BBC |date=14 December 2008 |access-date=20 December 2008}}</ref>

===Death===
Charlton died at his home in [[Ashington]] [[Northumberland]] on 10 July 2020 at the age of 85 after suffering from [[lymphoma]] and [[dementia]].<ref name="SkyNews">{{cite news |title=England 1966 World Cup hero Jack Charlton dies at 85 |url=https://news.sky.com/story/england-1966-world-cup-hero-jack-charlton-dies-at-85-12026139 |access-date=11 July 2020|date=11 July 2020|first=Emily |last=Mee |work=Sky News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Jack Charlton: 1966 England World Cup winner dies aged 85 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/53373542|work=BBC Sport |date=11 July 2020 |access-date=11 July 2020 }}</ref> The following day his former club [[Leeds United F.C.|Leeds United]] won 1–0 over [[Swansea City A.F.C.|Swansea City]] with a last-minute winner; the goalscorer, [[Pablo Hernández (footballer, born 1985)|Pablo Hernández]], dedicated his goal to Charlton.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Harrison|first=Jo|date=2020-07-13|title=Pablo Hernandez explains crazy celebration, pays tribute to Jack Charlton|url=https://www.teamtalk.com/news/hernandez-leeds-united-goal-jack-charlton-tribute|access-date=2021-07-10|website=TEAMtalk|language=en}}</ref>

On 20 July, ten days after his death, Irish fans gathered at Walkinstown roundabout in Dublin to recreate the highwater mark of Ireland's success at the 1990 World Cup under Charlton and to pay their respects. "[[Put 'Em Under Pressure]]", the official song of the [[Republic of Ireland national football team]]'s 1990 campaign (which features soundbites of Charlton uttering the eponymous phrase), was played at 12:30 pm synchronously with all national radio stations to remember the man who had led Ireland to their first-ever major tournament at [[UEFA Euro 1988|Euro 88]], as well as two World Cups in Italy (1990) and [[1994 FIFA World Cup|USA (1994)]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Dunne|first=Alex|date=2020-07-20|title=Jack Charlton: Ireland fans to celebrate life of legendary boss at Walkinstown Roundabout as World Cup winner is laid to rest|url=https://www.dublinlive.ie/news/jack-charlton-ireland-fans-celebrate-18627643|access-date=2022-09-05|website=[[dublinlive.ie]]|language=en}}</ref><ref name = gatav/>

Charlton became the 12th player from the 1966 FIFA World Cup squad to die, after [[Bobby Moore]] (1993), [[Alan Ball Jr.|Alan Ball]] (2007), [[John Connelly (footballer, born 1938)|John Connelly]] (2012), [[Ron Springett]] (2015), [[Gerry Byrne (footballer, born 1938)|Gerry Byrne]] (2015), [[Jimmy Armfield]] (2018), [[Ray Wilson (English footballer)|Ray Wilson]] (2018), [[Gordon Banks]] (2019), [[Martin Peters]] (2019), [[Peter Bonetti]] (2020) and [[Norman Hunter (footballer)|Norman Hunter]] (2020). His brother [[Bobby Charlton]], also part of the 1966 FIFA World Cup squad, died in 2023.

==Career statistics==

===Club===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+ Appearances and goals by club, season and competition<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=315}}</ref>
|-
!rowspan="2"|Club
!rowspan="2"|Season
!colspan="3"|League
!colspan="2"|National Cup
!colspan="2"|Europe
!colspan="2"|Total
|-
!Division!!{{Abbr|Apps|Appearances}}!!Goals!!{{Abbr|Apps|Appearances}}!!Goals!!{{Abbr|Apps|Appearances}}!!Goals!!{{Abbr|Apps|Appearances}}!!Goals
|-
|rowspan="21"|[[Leeds United F.C.|Leeds United]]||[[1952–53 Leeds United A.F.C. season|1952–53]]||[[Football League Second Division|Second Division]]||1||0||0||0||0||0||1||0
|-
|[[1953–54 Leeds United A.F.C. season|1953–54]]||Second Division||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|[[1954–55 Leeds United A.F.C. season|1954–55]]||Second Division||1||0||0||0||0||0||1||0
|-
|[[1955–56 Leeds United A.F.C. season|1955–56]]||Second Division||34||0||0||0||0||0||34||0
|-
|[[1956–57 Leeds United A.F.C. season|1956–57]]||[[Football League First Division|First Division]]||21||0||1||0||0||0||22||0
|-
|[[1957–58 Leeds United A.F.C. season|1957–58]]||First Division||40||0||1||0||0||0||41||0
|-
|[[1958–59 Leeds United A.F.C. season|1958–59]]||First Division||39||1||1||0||0||0||40||1
|-
|[[1959–60 Leeds United A.F.C. season|1959–60]]||First Division||41||3||1||0||0||0||42||3
|-
|[[1960–61 Leeds United A.F.C. season|1960–61]]||Second Division||41||7||4||1||0||0||45||8
|-
|[[1961–62 Leeds United A.F.C. season|1961–62]]||Second Division||34||9||5||3||0||0||39||12
|-
|[[1962–63 Leeds United A.F.C. season|1962–63]]||Second Division||38||2||4||2||0||0||42||4
|-
|[[1963–64 Leeds United A.F.C. season|1963–64]]||Second Division||25||3||2||0||0||0||27||3
|-
|[[1964–65 Leeds United A.F.C. season|1964–65]]||First Division||39||9||10||1||0||0||49||10
|-
|[[1965–66 Leeds United A.F.C. season|1965–66]]||First Division||40||6||3||0||11||2||54||8
|-
|[[1966–67 Leeds United A.F.C. season|1966–67]]||First Division||28||5||10||2||7||0||45||7
|-
|[[1967–68 Leeds United A.F.C. season|1967–68]]||First Division||34||5||9||2||11||1||54||8
|-
|[[1968–69 Leeds United A.F.C. season|1968–69]]||First Division||41||3||4||0||7||4||52||7
|-
|[[1969–70 Leeds United A.F.C. season|1969–70]]||First Division||32||3||11||2||10||3||53||8
|-
|[[1970–71 Leeds United A.F.C. season|1970–71]]||First Division||41||6||5||0||0||0||46||6
|-
|[[1971–72 Leeds United A.F.C. season|1971–72]]||First Division||41||5||9||1||0||0||50||6
|-
|[[1972–73 Leeds United A.F.C. season|1972–73]]||First Division||18||3||5||1||2||0||25||4
|-
!colspan="3"|Career total
!629!!70!!85!!15!!48!!10!!762!!95
|}

===International===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+ Appearances and goals by national team and year<ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=316}}</ref>
|-
!National team!!Year!!Apps!!Goals
|-
|rowspan="6"|[[England national football team|England]]
|1965||9||0
|-
|1966||16||3
|-
|1967||2||1
|-
|1968||1||0
|-
|1969||5||2
|-
|1970||2||0
|-
!colspan="2"|Total!!35!!6
|}

:''Scores and results list England's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Charlton goal.''

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of international goals scored by Jack Charlton<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/eng-intres60.html |title=England - International Results 1960-1969 |website=[[RSSSF]] |access-date=13 September 2017}}</ref>
|-
!scope="col"|{{Abbr|No.|Number}}
!scope="col"|Date
!scope="col"|Venue
!scope="col"|Opponent
!scope="col"|Score
!scope="col"|Result
!scope="col"|Competition
|-
| align="center"|1 || 26 June 1966 || [[Helsinki Olympic Stadium]], [[Helsinki]], Finland || {{fb|FIN}} || align="center"|3–0 || align="center"|3–0 || [[Friendly (association football)|Friendly]]
|-
| align="center"|2 || 3 July 1966 || [[Københavns Idrætspark]], [[Copenhagen]], Denmark || {{fb|DEN}} || align="center"|1–0 || align="center"|2–0 || Friendly
|-
| align="center"|3 || 16 November 1966 || [[Wembley Stadium (1923)|Wembley Stadium]], London, England || {{fb|WAL}} || align="center"|5–1 || align="center"|5–1 || [[1966–67 British Home Championship]]
|-
| align="center"|4 || 15 April 1967 || Wembley Stadium, London, England || {{fb|SCO}} || align="center"|1–2 || align="center"|2–3 || 1966–67 British Home Championship
|-
| align="center"|5 || 15 January 1969 || Wembley Stadium, London, England || {{fb|RUM|1965}} || align="center"|1–0 || align="center"|1–1 || Friendly
|-
| align="center"|6 || 10 December 1969 || Wembley Stadium, London, England || {{fb|POR}} || align="center"|1–0 || align="center"|1–0 || Friendly
|}

===As a manager===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|+Jack Charlton managing statistics
|-
!scope="col" rowspan="2"|Team
!scope="col" rowspan="2"|From
!scope="col" rowspan="2"|To
!scope="col" colspan="5"|Record
|-
!scope="col" |{{Abbr|Games|G}}
!scope="col" |{{Abbr|Wins|W}}
!scope="col" |{{Abbr|Draws|D}}
!scope="col" |{{Abbr|Losses|L}}
!scope="col" |{{Abbr|Win percentage|Win %}}
|-
| align="left" |[[Middlesbrough F.C.|Middlesbrough]]
| align="left" |7 May 1973
|align=left|21 April 1977
{{WDL|193|88|49|56}}
|-
| align="left" |[[Sheffield Wednesday F.C.|Sheffield Wednesday]]
| align="left" |8 October 1977
|align=left|27 May 1983
{{WDL|303|122|94|87}}
|-
| align="left" |[[Middlesbrough F.C.|Middlesbrough]] (caretaker)
| align="left" |28 March 1984
|align=left|2 June 1984
{{WDL|9|3|3|3}}
|-
| align="left" |[[Newcastle United F.C.|Newcastle United]]
| align="left" |14 June 1984
|align=left|13 August 1985
{{WDL|48|15|15|18}}
|-
| align="left" |[[Republic of Ireland national football team|Republic of Ireland]]
| align="left" |7 February 1986
|align=left|21 January 1996
{{WDL|93|46|30|17}}
|-
!colspan="3"|Total<ref>{{soccerbase (manager)|658|Jack Charlton}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Charlton|1996|p=318}}</ref>
{{WDLtot|646|274|191|181}}
|}

==Honours==
===Player===
'''Leeds United'''
*[[Football League First Division]]: [[1968–69 Football League First Division|1968–69]]<ref name=":1" />
*[[Football League Second Division]]: [[1963–64 Football League Second Division|1963–64]]<ref name="page 62" />
*[[FA Cup]]: [[1971–72 FA Cup|1971–72]];<ref name=":2" /> runner-up: [[1964–65 FA Cup|1964–65]],<ref>{{cite book |first1=Leslie |first2=Jack |last1=Vernon |last2=Rollin |title=Rothmans Football Yearbook 1977–78 |year=1977 |publisher=Brickfield Publications Ltd |location=London |isbn=0354-09018-6 |page=490}}</ref> [[1969–70 FA Cup|1969–70]]<ref>{{cite book |first1=Leslie |first2=Jack |last1=Vernon |last2=Rollin |title=Rothmans Football Yearbook 1977–78 |year=1977 |publisher=Brickfield Publications Ltd |location=London |isbn=0354-09018-6 |page=491}}</ref>
*[[Football League Cup]]: [[1967–68 Football League Cup|1967–68]]<ref name="page 105" />
*[[FA Charity Shield]]: [[1969 FA Charity Shield|1969]]<ref name="page 107" />
*[[Inter-Cities Fairs Cup]]: [[1967–68 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup|1967–68]], [[1970–71 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup|1970–71]]<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":7" />

'''England'''
*[[FIFA World Cup]]: [[1966 FIFA World Cup|1966]]<ref name=":3" />
*[[British Home Championship]]: [[1964–65 British Home Championship|1964–65]], [[1965–66 British Home Championship|1965–66]], [[1967–68 British Home Championship|1967–68]], [[1968–69 British Home Championship|1968–69]]<ref>{{cite web |title=British Home Championship Overview |website=[[RSSSF]] |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesb/bhc.html |access-date=11 July 2020}}</ref>
*[[UEFA European Championship]] third place: [[UEFA Euro 1968|1968]]<ref name="page 121"/>

'''Individual'''
*''FUWO European Team of the Season'': 1966,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fcc-supporters.org/fuwo/files/FUWO%201967/FUWO%201967%2002.pdf |website=FCC-Wiki|title=FUWO 1967|access-date=23 April 2024 }}</ref> 1967<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fcc-supporters.org/fuwo/files/FUWO%201968/FUWO%201968%20%2002.pdf |website=FCC-Wiki|title=FUWO 1968|access-date=23 April 2024 }}</ref>
*[[FWA Footballer of the Year]]: 1967<ref name="page 99" />
*[[English Football Hall of Fame]]: 2005<ref name=":6" />
*[[Professional Footballers' Association|PFA]] Team of the Century (1907–1976): 2007<ref>{{cite news |title=England Boys of '66 dominate your Team of the Century: 1907-1976 |url=http://www.givemefootball.com/pfa-legends/teams-of-the-century/team-of-the-century-1907-1976 |work=GiveMeFootball.com |publisher=Give Me Football |date=28 August 2007 |access-date=18 May 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081022110958/http://www.givemefootball.com/pfa-legends/teams-of-the-century/team-of-the-century-1907-1976 |archive-date=22 October 2008}}</ref>

===Manager===
'''Middlesbrough'''
*Football League Second Division: [[1973–74 Football League Second Division|1973–74]]<ref name=":4" />
*[[Anglo-Scottish Cup]]: [[1975–76 Anglo-Scottish Cup|1975–76]]<ref name="page 151" />

'''Sheffield Wednesday'''
*[[Football League Third Division]] third-place promotion: [[1979–80 Football League Third Division|1979–80]]<ref name=197980Table/>

'''Republic of Ireland'''
*[[Iceland Triangular Tournament]]: 1986<ref name=":5" />

'''Individual'''
*English Manager of the Year winner: 1974<ref name="page 148" />
*[[Philips Sports Manager of the Year]]: 1987, 1988, 1989, 1993<ref>{{cite news |title=Micheál Donoghue crowned Philips Manager of the Year |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/sport/miche%C3%A1l-donoghue-crowned-philips-manager-of-the-year-1.3326260 |newspaper=[[The Irish Times]] |date=13 December 2017 |access-date=11 July 2020}}</ref>

==See also==
* "[[Put 'Em Under Pressure]]", the official song to the Republic of Ireland national football team's [[1990 FIFA World Cup]] campaign in Italy.

==References==
===Specific===
{{reflist}}

===General===
*{{citation |last=McKinstry |first=Leo |title= Jack and Bobby: A Story of Brothers in Conflict |publisher=[[HarperCollins]] |year=2007 |isbn= 978-0007118779 |ref=none}}
*{{citation |last1=Charlton |first1=Jack |first2=Peter |last2=Byrne |title=The Autobiography |publisher=[[Transworld Publishers|Partridge Press]] |year=1996 |isbn=1-85225-256-1 |ref={{harvid|Charlton|1996}} |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/autobiography0000char}}
* {{cite book |last1=Hamilton |first1=Duncan |title=Answered Prayers: England and the 1966 World Cup |year=2023 |publisher=Quercus Publishing |location=United Kingdom| isbn=9781529419986}}
*{{citation |last1=Soar |first1=Phil |first2=Martin |last2=Tyler |title=Book of Football's All-Time Greats |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |year=1974 |isbn=0-85685-055-1 |ref={{harvid|Soar|1974}}}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
*{{NPG name|id= 67227}}

{{Navboxes
| title = Awards
| bg = gold
| fg = navy
| list1 = 
{{FWA Footballer of the Year}}
{{Philips Sports Manager of the Year}}
{{English Football Hall of Fame}}
}}
{{Navboxes
| title = International tournaments
| list1 = 
{{England squad 1966 FIFA World Cup}}
{{England squad UEFA Euro 1968}}
{{England squad 1970 FIFA World Cup}}
{{Republic of Ireland squad UEFA Euro 1988}}
{{Republic of Ireland squad 1990 FIFA World Cup}}
{{Republic of Ireland squad 1994 FIFA World Cup}}
}}
{{Navboxes
| title = Managerial positions
| list1 = 
{{Middlesbrough F.C. managers}}
{{Sheffield Wednesday F.C. managers}}
{{Newcastle United F.C. managers}}
{{Republic of Ireland national football team managers}}
}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Charlton, Jack}}
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