Editing Ivan V of Russia

{{Short description|Tsar of Russia from 1682 to 1696}}
{{redirect|Ivan V|text=See also [[Ivan V of Ryazan]]}}
{{More references|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name         = Ivan V
| image        = Ivan V.jpg
| succession   = [[Tsar of all Russia]]
| reign        = 7 May 1682 &ndash; 8 February 1696
| coronation   = 25 June 1682
| cor-type     = [[Coronation of the Russian monarch|Coronation]]
| predecessor  = [[Feodor III of Russia|Feodor III]]
| successor    = [[Peter the Great|Peter I]] {{small |(Alone)}}
| reg-type1    = Co-monarch
| regent1      = Peter I
| reg-type2    = Regent
| regent2      = [[Sophia Alekseyevna]] <small>(1682–1689)</small>
| spouse       = {{marriage|[[Praskovia Saltykova]]|1684}}
| issue        = {{Plainlist|
* [[Tsarevna Catherine Ivanovna of Russia|Catherine, Duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin]]
* [[Anna of Russia]]
* [[Praskovia Ivanovna]]
}}
| issue-link   = #Marriage and issue
| issue-pipe   = more...
| full name    = Ivan Alekseyevich Romanov
| house        = [[House of Romanov|Romanov]]
| father       = [[Alexis of Russia]]
| mother       = [[Maria Miloslavskaya]]
| birth_date   = {{Birth date|1666|9|6|df=y}}
| birth_place  = [[Moscow]], [[Tsardom of Russia]]
| death_date   = {{Death date and age|1696|2|8|1666|9|6|df=y}}
| death_place  = Moscow, Tsardom of Russia
| burial_date  = 
| burial_place = [[Archangel Cathedral]]
| religion     = [[Russian Orthodox Church|Russian Orthodox]]|
}}

'''Ivan V Alekseyevich''' ({{langx|ru|Иван V Алексеевич}}; {{OldStyleDate|6 September|1666|27 August}} &ndash; {{OldStyleDate|8 February|1696|29 January}}) was [[Tsar of all Russia]] between 1682 and 1696, [[Coregency|jointly ruling]] with his younger half-brother [[Peter the Great|Peter I]]. Ivan was the youngest son of [[Alexis I of Russia]] by his first wife, [[Maria Miloslavskaya]], while Peter was the only son of Alexis by his second wife, [[Natalya Naryshkina]]. Ivan's reign was solely titular because he had serious physical and mental challenges.

==Early life and accession==
Ivan V was born in 1666 in [[Moscow]], the youngest son of Tsar Alexis and Maria Miloslavskaya. Only two of his older brothers survived childhood; his eldest brother, [[Tsarevich Alexei Alexeyevich of Russia|Alexei]], died aged 15 in 1670, therefore his second brother, [[Feodor III of Russia|Feodor]], became tsar upon the death of their father. When Feodor died in 1682 without issue, the court was faced with a crisis of succession, because Ivan, the next-oldest brother, was thought to be "infirm in body and mind."{{sfn|Kelly|1854|p=226}} It was proposed that he be passed over in favor of his younger half-brother, Peter, who was only 10 years old at this time, but was healthy in mind and body, and could be expected to provide adequate leadership in adulthood.{{sfn|Thackeray|Findling|2012|p=19}}

The church and the [[Naryshkin family|Naryshkins]] (family of Peter's mother, [[Natalya Naryshkina]]) supported Peter's proposed ascension to the throne. However, the family of Ivan V's mother (the Miloslavski) and Ivan's older sister, [[Sofia Alekseyevna of Russia|Sofia Alekseyevna]], in particular, disputed the move. Rumors spread around Moscow that Feodor III had been poisoned and Ivan strangled by [[boyars]] so that the 10-year-old Peter could become Tsar. These rumours fomented the [[Moscow Uprising of 1682]], and the ''[[streltsy]]'' stormed the [[Kremlin]]. These disturbances subsided only after Ivan appeared in person in the city, and proved to everyone that he was alive and well.{{sfn|Thackeray|Findling|2012|p=19}}

The ''streltsy'' demanded that Ivan be named tsar, and a compromise was found by declaring Ivan and Peter as co-rulers, with a [[regency]] government until the boys came of age. Sofia Alekseyevna, who had been influential at court during her brother Feodor's reign, was named regent.{{sfn|Kelly|1854|p=227}}
[[File:The Coronation of Ivan V & Pyotr I. June 25, 1682.jpg|thumb|Ivan V and Peter I being crowned as joint Tsars of Russia]]

==Tsar and co-ruler==
On 25 June 1682, less than two months after the death of Feodor III, Ivan and Peter were crowned in the [[Cathedral of the Dormition]] as co-Tsars. A [[Regalia of the Russian tsars#Tsars' regalia 1660s-1680s|special throne]] with two seats was commissioned for the occasion (now on display in the [[Kremlin Armoury]]).<ref>{{cite web|title=Ivan V Alexeevich|url=http://www.kreml.ru/en-Us/exhibitions/virtual-exhibitions.regalii-russkikh-tsarey/ivan-v-alekseevich/|website=www.kreml.ru|access-date=2017-11-03|language=en-Us}}</ref> While Ivan was 16 years old at this time, his co-ruler [[Peter the Great|Peter I]] was only 10. Ivan was considered the "senior tsar", but actual power was wielded by [[Sophia Alekseyevna]], Ivan's full sister and Peter's half-sister, for the next seven years.
[[File:Ivan_V_by_anonim_(GIM).jpg|thumb|Portrait of Ivan V]]

Sophia was always considerate of Ivan, although she is never known to have consulted him on any important matter. She was anxious that every outward sign of respect and deference be paid to Ivan, which was a subtle way of undermining the influence of Peter's faction in court. Thus, every wish or opinion expressed by Ivan was deferred to, and his general prestige in court remained intact during the years of Sophia's regency. As Peter grew up, he and his faction, led by his mother's Naryshkin family, contended with Regent Sophia for influence and power. Indeed, Sophia is blamed (perhaps unfairly, as a tactic of defamation) for the murders of Peter's uncles on his mother's side of the family. Due to this and other factors, tension arose between the factions of the two co-tsars.

Ivan being both incapable and uninterested, Peter came into his own and functioned as though he were the sole tsar. The eventual result was that, over time, the outward signs of deference and power which Ivan had enjoyed during the regency slowly withered away, and he became a non-entity in the Russian court. For the last decade of his life, Ivan was completely overshadowed by the more energetic Peter I. He spent his days with his wife, [[Praskovia Saltykova]], caring about little but "fasting and praying, day and night".

==Marriage and issue==
[[File:Praskovia Saltykova by I.Nikitin (18th c., Sergiev Posad).jpg|250px|thumb|right|[[Praskovia Saltykova]], Portrait by [[Ivan Nikitin (painter)|Ivan Nikitin]].]]
In late 1683 or early 1684, Ivan married [[Praskovia Saltykova]], daughter of Fyodor Petrovich [[Saltykov family|Saltykov]], a [[Landed gentry|minor nobleman]], by his wife, whose name is uncertain – it was either Yekaterina Fyodorovna or Anna Mikhailovna [[Tatishchev family|Tatishcheva]]. Ivan's marriage was arranged in the traditional style of Russian rulers: he selected a bride from a [[bride-show|parade of potential candidates]]. 

Praskovia Saltykova, who came from a rather obscure [[Russian nobility|Russian noble family]], had been raised in a middle-class household and adhered to conventional values and moral standards. She bonded strongly with her gentle and simple-minded husband and became the mainstay of his life. She proved to be an exemplary wife to a mentally challenged man. Her moral character, simple lifestyle, charity, piety and non-involvement in politics were admired by all. She earned the lifelong respect of her powerful brother-in-law, [[Peter the Great]], who entrusted the care and education of his own two daughters to her, imploring her to bring them up to be just like herself.

Ivan's purported debility did not prevent him from producing robust offspring, and Praskovia bore him five daughters, three of whom lived to adulthood. Their children were:

* Maria Ivanovna (1689–1692), died in infancy
* Feodosia Ivanovna (1690–1691), died in infancy
* [[Catherine Ivanovna|Ekaterina Ivanovna]] (1691–1733), grandmother of the unfortunate [[Ivan VI of Russia]]
* [[Anna of Russia|Anna Ivanovna]] (1693–1740), ruled as Empress of Russia; no issue
* [[Praskovia Ivanovna]] (1694–1731), had issue one son who died in infancy

==Death and succession==
At the age of 27, Ivan was described by foreign ambassadors as [[senile]], [[paralytic]] and almost [[Blindness|blind]]. He died two years later, on 8 February 1696, and was interred in the [[Archangel Cathedral]]. It was fortuitous to Peter's faction that Ivan produced several daughters but no sons, as there was no confusion regarding the succession of the crown upon his death. His co-ruler was left to become supreme ruler of Russia; with Ivan's death, the struggle for power within the family had finally ended.<ref>{{cite book |last=Thompson |first=John |title=Russia and the Soviet Union: An Historical Introduction from the Kievan State to the Present |location=London |publisher=Westview Press |date=2008 |edition=paperback |isbn=978-0-8133-4395-2}}</ref>

In 1730, more than 30 years after Ivan's death, his second surviving daughter, [[Anna of Russia|Anna, Duchess of Courland]], was invited to the throne of Russia by the country's privy council. She ruled for more than 10 years, and was succeeded by Ivan's infant great-grandson [[Ivan VI of Russia|Ivan VI]]; however, a palace coup engineered in 1741 by Ivan's niece [[Elizabeth of Russia|Elizabeth]] resulted in the throne passing finally to the progeny of Peter the Great.

==Ancestors==
{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center
| boxstyle_1 = background-color: #fcc;
| boxstyle_2 = background-color: #fb9;
| boxstyle_3 = background-color: #ffc;
| boxstyle_4 = background-color: #bfc;
| boxstyle_5 = background-color: #9fe;
|1 = 1. '''Ivan V of Russia'''
|2 = 2. [[Alexis of Russia]]
|3 = 3. [[Maria Miloslavskaya]]
|4 = 4. [[Michael I of Russia]]
|5 = 5. [[Eudoxia Streshneva]]
|6 = 6. [[Ilya Miloslavsky]]
|7 = 7. Ekaterina Feodorovna Narbekova
|8 = 8. [[Feodor Nikitich Romanov]]
|9 = 9. [[Kseniya Shestova]]
|10 = 10. Lukyan Stepanovich Streshnyov
|11 = 11. Anna Konstantinovna Volkonskaya
|16 = 16. [[Nikita Romanovich]]
|17 = 17. Princess Eudoxia Alexandrovna Gorbataya-[[Shuysky|Shuyskaya]]
|18 = 18. Ivan Vasiljevich Shestov
|22 = 22. Konstantin Romanovich Volkonsky
}}

==See also==
*[[Rulers of Russia family tree]]

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}{{reflist}}

==References==
* {{cite book|last=Kelly|first=Walter Keating|title=The history of Russia from the earliest period to the Crimean war|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pNYNAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA480|year=1854|publisher=H. G Bohn}}
* {{cite book|last1=Thackeray|first1=Frank W.|last2=Findling|first2=John E.|title=Events That Formed the Modern World|date=31 May 2012|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-59884-901-1}}

==External links==
*{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Ivan | volume= 15 |last= Bain |first= Robert Nisbet |author-link= Robert Nisbet Bain| pages = 87&ndash;91; see page 91}}
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N8M-x8NcwSE Romanovs. The second film. Feodor III, Sophia Alekseyevna; Ivan V]; – Historical reconstruction "The Romanovs". StarMedia. Babich-Design(Russia, 2013)

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{{succession box|title=[[List of Russian rulers|Tsar of Russia]]|before=[[Feodor III of Russia|Feodor III]]|after=[[Peter the Great|Peter I]]|years=''with [[Peter the Great|Peter I]]''<br />1682&ndash;1696}}
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{{Sovereign Rulers of Russia}}
{{Tsarevich of Russia}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ivan 05 Of Russia}}
[[Category:1666 births]]
[[Category:1696 deaths]]
[[Category:17th-century Russian monarchs]]
[[Category:Russian royalty and nobility with disabilities]]
[[Category:Tsars of Russia]]
[[Category:House of Romanov]]
[[Category:Royalty from Moscow]]
[[Category:Child monarchs from Europe]]
[[Category:Royalty and nobility with epilepsy]]
[[Category:Tsareviches of Russia]]
[[Category:Children of Alexis of Russia]]