Editing International Commission on Illumination

{{short description|International authority on light, illumination, color, and color spaces}}
{{Infobox organization
|name           = International Commission on Illumination<br/>Commission Internationale de l'éclairage <br/> Internationale Beleuchtungskommission
|image          = [[File:Logo_of_the_CIE_(International_Commission_on_Illumination).png|350px]]
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|abbreviation   = CIE
|motto          =
|formation      = {{start date and age|1913}}
|extinction     =
|type           = [[International non-governmental organization|INGO]]
|status         =
|purpose        =
|headquarters   =
|location       = [[Vienna]], Austria
|region_served  = Worldwide
|membership     =
|language       = English, French, German
|leader_title   = President
|leader_name    = Jennifer Veitch <br/>Canada
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|website        =   {{URL|cie.co.at}}
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}}
[[File:CIExy1931.png|thumb|right|The [[CIE 1931 colour space]] [[chromaticity]] diagram with wavelengths in [[nanometer]]s.  The colors depicted depend on the [[color space]] of the device on which the image is viewed.]]

The '''International Commission on Illumination''' (usually abbreviated '''CIE''' for its French name '''Commission internationale de l'éclairage''') is the international authority on [[light]], [[lighting|illumination]], [[color|colour]], and [[color space|colour spaces]]. It was established in 1913 as a successor to the Commission Internationale de Photométrie, which was founded in 1900, and is today based in [[Vienna|Vienna, Austria]].

==Organization==
The CIE has six active divisions,<ref>{{cite web|title=Divisions |url=http://cie.co.at/technical-work/divisions |first= |last= |date= |accessdate=14 October 2021}}</ref> each of which establishes technical committees<ref>{{cite web|title=Technical Committees |url=http://cie.co.at/technical-work/jtcs |first= |last= |date= |accessdate=14 October 2021}}</ref> to carry out its program:

* Division 1: Vision and Colour <ref>{{cite web |title=Division 1: Vision and Colour |url=https://cie.co.at/technical-work/divisions/division1 |website=cie.co.at |publisher=CIE}}</ref>
* Division 2: Physical Measurement of Light and Radiation <ref>{{cite web |title=Division 2: Physical Measurement of Light and Radiation |url=https://cie.co.at/technical-work/divisions/division2 |website=cie.co.at |publisher=CIE}}</ref>
* Division 3: Interior Environment and Lighting Design <ref>{{cite web |title=Division 3: Interior Environment and Lighting Design |url=https://cie.co.at/technical-work/divisions/division3 |website=cie.co.at |publisher=CIE}}</ref>
* Division 4: Transportation and Exterior Applications <ref>{{cite web |title=Division 4: Transportation and Exterior Applications |url=https://cie.co.at/technical-work/divisions/division4 |website=cie.co.at |publisher=CIE}}</ref>
* Division 6: Photobiology and Photochemistry <ref>{{cite web |title=Division 6: Photobiology and Photochemistry |url=https://cie.co.at/technical-work/divisions/division6 |website=cie.co.at |publisher=CIE}}</ref>
* Division 8: Image Technology <ref>{{cite web |title=Division 8: Image Technology |url=https://cie.co.at/technical-work/divisions/division8 |website=cie.co.at |publisher=CIE}}</ref>
Two divisions are no longer active.

* Division 5: Exterior Lighting and Other Applications <ref>{{cite book |last=International Commission on Illumination|title= Proceedings of the 29th Session of the CIE, Volume 2 |date=2019 |publisher=CIE |url=https://cie.co.at/publications/proceedings-29th-session-cie|isbn=978-3-902842-74-9 |page=5}}</ref>
* Division 7: General Aspects of Lighting <ref>{{cite book |last=International Commission on Illumination|title= Proceedings of the 24th Session of the CIE, Volume 2 |date=1999 |publisher=CIE |isbn=3-900-734-93-3 |page=8}}</ref>

The President of the CIE from 2023 is Jennifer Veitch from Canada.<ref>[https://cie.co.at/about-cie/how-it-organized/board-of-administration CIE Board of Administration] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160416021233/http://www.cie.co.at/index.php/LEFTMENUE/index.php?i_ca_id=257 |date=2016-04-16 }}. Retrieved 07/07/2015.</ref>

CIE publishes Technical Reports (TRs), International Standards (ISs) and Technical Notes (TNs). International Standards (ISs) are often further developed as dual standards with the [[International Organization for Standardization|ISO]] or [[International Electrotechnical Commission|IEC]].<ref>{{cite web |title=CIE Publications - Premium Source for Knowledge on Light and Lighting {{!}} CIE |url=http://cie.co.at/publications |website=cie.co.at |access-date=25 June 2022}}</ref>

==Milestones==
* In 1924 it established the [[CIE 1931 color space#CIE standard observer|standard photopic observer]] defined by the spectral [[luminous efficiency function]] ''V''(''λ''), followed in 1951 by the standard scotopic observer defined by the function ''V''’(''λ'').
* [[File:3D Chromaticity Diagram LUV.svg|alt=A chromaticity plot in three dimensions of the CIELUV color space|thumb|A chromaticity plot in three dimensions of the [[CIELUV]] color space]]Building on the [[Optical Society of America]]'s report on [[colorimetry]] in 1922,<ref name=Troland1>{{cite journal
|title=Report of Committee on Colorimetry for 1920–21
|first=L. T.|last=Troland|author-link=Leonard T. Troland
|journal=Journal of the Optical Society of America
|volume=6|issue=6|pages=527–96
|date=August 1922
|doi=10.1364/JOSA.6.000527|bibcode=1922JOSA....6..527T |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1533884}} The report defined colour as follows: "Color is the general name for all sensations arising from the activity of the retina of the eye and its attached nervous mechanisms, this activity  being, in nearly every case in the normal individual, a specific response to radiant energy of certain wave-lengths and intensities."</ref> the CIE convened its eighth session in 1931, with the intention of establishing an international agreement on colorimetric specifications and updating the OSA's 1922 recommendations based on the developments during the past decade.<ref>{{cite journal
|first=L. A.|last=Jones|author-link=Loyd A. Jones
|title=Historical background and evolution of the colorimetry report
|journal=Journal of the Optical Society of America
|volume=33|issue=10|pages=534–43
|date=1943
|doi=10.1364/JOSA.33.000534|bibcode=1943JOSA...33..534J }}</ref> The meeting, held in [[Cambridge]], [[United Kingdom]], concluded with the formalization of the [[CIE 1931 color space|CIE 1931 XYZ color space & RGB color space]] and definitions of the 1931 CIE 2° [[CIE 1931 colour space#CIE standard observer|standard observer]] with the corresponding [[CIE 1931 color space#Color matching functions|color matching functions]], and [[standard illuminant]]s A, B, and C.

* In 1964 the 10° CIE standard observer and its corresponding color matching functions as well as the new standard daylight [[illuminant]] D6500 were added, as well as a method for calculating daylight illuminants at [[correlated color temperature]]s other than 6500 [[kelvin]]s.
* In 1976, the commission developed the [[CIELAB]] and [[CIELUV]] color spaces, which are widely used today.
* Based on CIELAB, color difference formulas CIEDE94 and CIEDE2000 were recommended in the corresponding years.
 <!--
If someone wants to work in the Spectrophotometry report too, here it is for reference:

<ref>{{cite journal|title=Spectrophotometry: Report of OSA Progress Committee for 1922-23|journal=Journal of the Optical Society of America|volume=10|pages=169–241|date=1925|url=http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=josa-10-2-169|issue=2}}</ref> -->

==See also==
* [[International Color Consortium]] (ICC)
* [[International Colour Association]]
* [[International Electrotechnical Commission]] (IEC)
* [[International Organization for Standardization]] (ISO)

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links== <!-- it goes without saying that these are also references -->
* [http://www.cie.co.at/ CIE Website]
* CIE 082-1990: [https://cie.co.at/publications/cie-history-1913-1988 History of the CIE, 1913–1988]
* [http://www.iscc.org Inter-Society Color Council]

{{Color topics}}
{{International Science Council}}
{{authority control}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}

[[Category:Lighting organizations]]
[[Category:Color organizations]]
[[Category:Members of the International Council for Science]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Vienna]]
[[Category:Scientific organisations based in Austria]]
[[Category:Standards organisations in Austria]]
[[Category:Vision]]
[[Category:Members of the International Science Council]]