Editing Interacting boson model

{{Nuclear physics}}

The '''interacting boson model (IBM)''' is a [[nuclear model|model in]] [[nuclear physics]] in which
nucleons ([[proton]]s or [[neutron]]s) pair up, essentially
acting as a single [[Subatomic particle|particle]] with [[boson]] properties, with
integral [[Spin (physics)|spin]] of either 2 (d-boson) or 0 (s-boson). They correspond to a quintuplet and singlet, i.e. 6 states.

It is sometimes known as the Interacting boson approximation (IBA).<ref name=Pfeifer1998/>{{rp|7}}

The IBM1/IBM-I model treats both types of [[nucleon]]s the same and considers only pairs of nucleons coupled to
total angular momentum 0 and 2, called respectively, s and d [[boson]]s.

The IBM2/IBM-II model treats [[proton]]s and [[neutron]]s separately.

Both models are restricted to nuclei with even numbers of protons and neutrons.<ref name=Pfeifer1998/>{{rp|9}}

[[File:IBA nuclear shells.svg|thumb|right|350px|Regions of differently shaped nuclei, as predicted by the Interacting Boson Approximation<ref name=Kratz/>]]
The model can be used to predict vibrational and rotational modes of non-spherical nuclei.<ref name=Kratz>{{cite conference |last1=Kratz |first1=J. V. |date=5 September 2011 |title=The Impact of Superheavy Elements on the Chemical and Physical Sciences |url=http://tan11.jinr.ru/pdf/06_Sep/S_1/02_Kratz.pdf |conference=4th International Conference on the Chemistry and Physics of the Transactinide Elements |access-date=27 August 2013}}</ref>

==History==
This model was invented by [[Akito Arima]] and [[Francesco Iachello]] in 1974.<ref name=Pfeifer1998>{{cite book |url=https://arxiv.org/ftp/nucl-th/papers/0209/0209039.pdf |title=An Introduction to the Interacting Boson Model of the Atomic Nucleus |author=Walter Pfeifer |year=1998 |isbn=978-3-7281-2520-0 }}</ref>{{rp|6}} while working at the [[Kernfysisch Versneller Instituut]](KVI) in [[Groningen]], [[Netherlands]]. KVI is now property of Universitair Medisch Centrum Groningen (https://umcgresearch.org/).

==See also==
*[[Liquid drop model]]
*[[Nuclear shell model]]

==References==
*{{cite journal | last=Arima | first=A. | last2=Iachello | first2=F. | title=Collective Nuclear States as Representations of a SU(6) Group | journal=Physical Review Letters | publisher=American Physical Society (APS) | volume=35 | issue=16 | date=1975-10-20 | issn=0031-9007 | doi=10.1103/physrevlett.35.1069 | pages=1069–1072| bibcode=1975PhRvL..35.1069A }}
*{{cite book | last=Iachello | first=F |last2=Arima|first2=A.| title=The Interacting Boson Model | publisher=Cambridge University Press | location=Cambridge | year=1987 | isbn=978-0-511-89551-7 | oclc=776970502 }}
*{{cite journal | last=Arima | first=A | last2=Iachello | first2=F | title=Interacting boson model of collective states I. The vibrational limit | journal=Annals of Physics | publisher=Elsevier BV | volume=99 | issue=2 | year=1976 | issn=0003-4916 | doi=10.1016/0003-4916(76)90097-x | pages=253–317| bibcode=1976AnPhy..99..253A }}
*{{cite journal | last=Arima | first=A | last2=Iachello | first2=F | title=Interacting boson model of collective nuclear states II. The rotational limit | journal=Annals of Physics | publisher=Elsevier BV | volume=111 | issue=1 | year=1978 | issn=0003-4916 | doi=10.1016/0003-4916(78)90228-2 | pages=201–238| bibcode=1978AnPhy.111..201A }}
*{{cite journal | last=Scholten | first=O | last2=Iachello | first2=F | last3=Arima | first3=A | title=Interacting boson model of collective nuclear states III. The transition from SU(5) to SU(3) | journal=Annals of Physics | publisher=Elsevier BV | volume=115 | issue=2 | year=1978 | issn=0003-4916 | doi=10.1016/0003-4916(78)90159-8 | pages=325–366| bibcode=1978AnPhy.115..325S }}
* {{cite journal | last=Arima | first=A | last2=Iachello | first2=F | title=Interacting boson model of collective nuclear states IV. The O(6) limit | journal=Annals of Physics | publisher=Elsevier BV | volume=123 | issue=2 | year=1979 | issn=0003-4916 | doi=10.1016/0003-4916(79)90347-6 | pages=468–492| bibcode=1979AnPhy.123..468A }}
*{{cite journal | last=Arima | first=A | last2=Iachello | first2=F | title=The Interacting Boson Model | journal=[[Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science]] | publisher=Annual Reviews | volume=31 | issue=1 | year=1981 | issn=0163-8998 | doi=10.1146/annurev.ns.31.120181.000451| doi-access=free | pages=75–105| bibcode=1981ARNPS..31...75A }}
*{{cite book | last=Talmi | first=Igal | title=Simple models of complex nuclei : the shell model and interacting boson model | publisher=Harwood Academic Publishers | location=Chur, Switzerland Langhorne, Pa., U.S.A | year=1993 | isbn=978-3-7186-0550-7 | oclc=25706648 }}
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40094-015-0170-z Evolution of shapes in even–even nuclei using the standard interacting boson model]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Interacting Boson Model}}
[[Category:Nuclear physics]]


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