Editing Industrial rock

{{Short description|Music genre}}
{{Use American English|date=July 2022}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox music genre
| name              = Industrial rock
| image             = File:KMFDM1.jpg
| caption           = Industrial rock band [[KMFDM]]
| stylistic_origins = {{hlist|[[Industrial music|Industrial]]|[[Rock music|rock]]|[[post-punk]]|[[experimental rock]]}}
| cultural_origins  = Mid-1980s United States, United Kingdom, Germany
| subgenrelist      =
| subgenres         =
| fusiongenres      = [[Industrial metal]]
| regional_scenes   = [[Neue Deutsche Härte|Germany]]
| other_topics      = * [[Industrial dance]]
* [[noise rock]]
* [[synth-punk]]
}}

'''Industrial rock''' is a [[fusion genre]] that fuses [[industrial music]] and [[rock music]]. It initially originated in the 1970s, and drew influence from early experimental and industrial acts such as [[Throbbing Gristle]], [[Einstürzende Neubauten]] and [[Chrome (band)|Chrome]]. Industrial rock became more prominent in the 1980s with the success of artists such as [[Killing Joke]], [[Swans (band)|Swans]], and partially [[Skinny Puppy]], and later spawned the offshoot genre known as [[industrial metal]]. The genre was made more accessible to mainstream audiences in the 1990s with the aid of acts such as [[Nine Inch Nails]] and [[Marilyn Manson (band)|Marilyn Manson]], both of which have released platinum-selling records.

==History==
=== Origins (late 1970s and 1980s) ===
[[Richie Unterberger]] assessed the [[Red Krayola]] as "a precursor to industrial rock"<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/the-red-krayola-mn0000417607/biography | title=The Red Krayola Biography, Songs, & Albums | website=[[AllMusic]] }}</ref> with their 1967 record ''[[The Parable of Arable Land]]'' exhibiting music made by 50 people on anything from [[Power tool|industrial power tools]] to a [[motorcycle|revving motorcycle]] whilst [[Pitchfork (website)|''Pitchfork''<nowiki/>'s]] Alex Lindhart cited their 1968 follow up ''[[God Bless the Red Krayola and All Who Sail With It]]'' as being "bootleg [[Einstürzende Neubauten]] at its grimiest [[atonality]]". [[AllMusic]] critic Alex Henderson has stated that [[experimental music|experimental]] group [[Cromagnon (band)|Cromagnon]]'s 1969 record ''[[Orgasm (Cromagnon album)|Orgasm]]'' foreshadowed the industrial rock sound.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/orgasm-mw0000619006|title= Cromagnon: Orgasm|work=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=May 17, 2020|first=Alex |last=Henderson}}</ref> Specifically, Pitchfork's Zach Baron noted their song "Caledonia" for its "pre-industrial stomp".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pitchfork.com/features/staff-lists/6400-the-200-greatest-songs-of-the-1960s/2/|title=The 200 Greatest Songs of the 1960s|work=[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]]|access-date=20 February 2017|first=Zach|last=Baron|archive-date=April 9, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100409185412/http://pitchfork.com/features/staff-lists/6400-the-200-greatest-songs-of-the-1960s/2/|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Krautrock]] musicians [[Michael Rother]] and [[Klaus Dinger]] included industrial noise on their track "Negativland" (from their 1972 debut ''[[Neu! (album)|Neu!]]'') as well as [[krautrock]] band [[Faust (band)|Faust]] on their track "Meadow Meal" (from their 1971 debut ''[[Faust (album)|Faust]]''). [[AllMusic]] stated that [[Suicide (band)|Suicide's]] 1977 debut album "provided the blueprints for [[post-punk]], [[Synthpop|synth pop]], and industrial rock."<ref name="allmusic-review2">{{cite web |last=Phares |first=Heather |title=Suicide [First Album] – Suicide |url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/suicide-first-album-mw0000690243 |access-date=June 19, 2013 |publisher=[[AllMusic]]}}</ref>

In 1976, English musician [[David Bowie]] collaborated with American musician [[Iggy Pop]] on his 1977 solo debut ''[[The Idiot (album)|The Idiot]]''.<ref>{{cite book|last=Pegg |first=Nicholas |title=The Complete David Bowie|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LqFkDQAAQBAJ |publisher=[[Titan Books]] |location=London |year=2016 |isbn=978-1-78565-365-0 |edition=Revised and Updated |page=487}}</ref> Musically, the album is said to contain elements of industrial rock,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://totallystockholm.se/music/gig-highlight-iggy-pop/|title=Gig Highlight: Iggy Pop|website=Totally Stockholm|date=May 4, 2016|access-date=February 14, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215024628/http://totallystockholm.se/music/gig-highlight-iggy-pop/|archive-date=February 15, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> notably the closing track, "Mass Production", which contains numerous "proto-industrial noises" created using [[tape loop]]s,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Seabrook |first1=Thomas Jerome |title=Bowie in Berlin: A New Career in a New Town |date=2008 |location=London |publisher=Jawbone Press |isbn=978-1-90600-208-4 |page=94}}</ref> and is described by Hugo Wilcken as "early industrial electronica".<ref>{{cite book| first=Hugo| last=Wilcken| year=2005| title=David Bowie's ''Low'' (33 1/3)| publisher=Continuum| isbn=978-0-826-41684-1 |pages=37–58}}</ref> ''The Idiot'' has been described as having a major influence on [[Joy Division]], who formed shortly before its release.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Seabrook |first1=Thomas Jerome |title=Bowie in Berlin: A New Career in a New Town |date=2008 |location=London |publisher=Jawbone Press |isbn=978-1-90600-208-4 |pages=94–95}}</ref> Joy Division were signed to the industrially themed label [[Factory Records]] which had been founded in 1978; their albums ''[[Unknown Pleasures]]'' (1979) and ''[[Closer (Joy Division album)|Closer]]'' (1980) heavily influenced the further development of industrial rock. [[Chrome (band)|Chrome]] has also been credited as the "beginning of industrial rock"<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/2015/07/15/chrome-at-40-the-most-influential-band-youve-never-heard/ |title=Chrome at 40 the most influential band you've never heard |publisher=KQED |date=July 15, 2015 |access-date=February 8, 2018}}</ref> and their 1978 ''[[Half Machine Lip Moves]]'' was listed on ''Wire''<nowiki/>'s "100 Records That Set The World On Fire (When No One Was Listening)".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rtxarchive.com/archive/articles/wire175.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070613182618/http://www.rtxarchive.com/archive/articles/wire175.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 13, 2007 |title=The Wire's 100 Records That Set The World On Fire While No One Was Listening |work=[[The Wire (magazine)|The Wire]] |date=September 6, 1998 |access-date=February 8, 2018}}</ref>

Industrial rock was created in the mid- to late 1970s, amidst the [[punk rock]] revolution and [[disco]] fever.  Prominent early industrial musicians include [[Throbbing Gristle]], [[Cabaret Voltaire (band)|Cabaret Voltaire]], [[Boyd Rice|NON]], [[SPK (band)|SPK]] and [[Z'EV]].<ref>Vale & Juno, 1983.</ref> Many other artists have been cited as influences such as [[Kraftwerk]], [[Gary Numan]], and [[Tubeway Army]] as well as [[Einstürzende Neubauten]] and [[Fad Gadget]]. Many other musical performers were incorporating industrial music elements into a variety of musical styles.

Some [[post-punk]] performers developed styles parallel to industrial music's defining attributes. [[Pere Ubu]]'s debut, ''[[The Modern Dance]]'', was described by Jim Irvin as "industrial",<ref>Irvin, 2001, p. 442.</ref> and [[Chris Connelly (musician)|Chris Connelly]] said the musical project [[Foetus (band)|Foetus]] was "the instigator when it comes to the marriage of machinery to [[hardcore punk]]."<ref name=connelly>Connelly, 2007, p. 12.</ref> Music journalist [[Simon Reynolds]] considered [[Killing Joke]], which saw mainstream success with their 1985 album ''[[Night Time (album)|Night Time]]'',<ref>{{cite web |title=UK albums charts – killing Joke |url=http://www.theofficialcharts.com/artist/_/killing%20joke/#albums |work=theofficialcharts.com |access-date=9 January 2020}}</ref> "a post-punk version of [[Heavy metal music|heavy metal]]."<ref name=kj>Reynolds, 2005, p. 435.</ref>

Others followed in their wake.<ref>Chantler, 2002, p. 54.</ref> The New York City band [[Swans (band)|Swans]] were inspired by the local [[no wave]] scene, as well as punk rock, [[noise music]] (particularly [[Whitehouse (band)|Whitehouse]]) and the original industrial groups.<ref name=swans>Licht, 2003, p. 32.</ref> [[Steve Albini]]'s [[Big Black]] followed a similar path,<ref>Blush, 2001, p. 222.</ref> while also incorporating American [[hardcore punk]].<ref name=black>Sharp, 1999, p. 48.</ref> Big Black has also been closely associated with [[post-hardcore]] and [[noise rock]], though their ties to industrial music are extremely apparent. The Swiss trio [[The Young Gods]], who deliberately eschewed electric guitars in favor of a [[sampler (musical instrument)|sampler]],<ref>Mörat, 1992, p. 12.</ref> also took inspiration from both hardcore and industrial.<ref>Stud & Stud, 1987, p. 27.</ref> In 1986, Canadian band [[Skinny Puppy]] released the album ''[[Mind: The Perpetual Intercourse]]'',<ref>{{cite web|last1=DiGravina|first1=Tim|title=Mind: The Perpetual Intercourse|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/mind-the-perpetual-intercourse-mw0000200383|website=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=9 January 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701020816/http://www.allmusic.com/album/mind-the-perpetual-intercourse-mw0000200383|archive-date=1 July 2016}}</ref> with its lead single, "[[Dig It (Skinny Puppy song)|Dig It]]", seeing frequent airplay on [[MTV]].<ref>{{cite web|title=1986 Rock Music Timeline|url=http://www.rockmusictimeline.com/1986.html|website=Rock Music Timeline|publisher=rockmusictimeline.com|access-date=9 January 2020}}</ref> The song was a major influence on [[Nine Inch Nails]] founder [[Trent Reznor]], who used it as inspiration when writing his first song, "[[Down in It]]".<ref name="NIN Spin 1996">{{Cite magazine|last=Weisbard|first=Eric|date=February 1996|title=Sympathy for the Devil|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=td2yO_T3DPEC&pg=PA34|publisher=Spin Media LLC|volume=11|issue=11|pages=34–42, 96|issn=0886-3032|access-date=9 January 2020|magazine=[[Spin (magazine)|Spin]]|via=Google Books}}</ref>{{rp|38}}

Chicago's [[Wax Trax! Records]] became a vanguard for the genre in the 1980s<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.altpress.com/features/wax-trax-documentary-record-store-day-interview/ |title=Ministry, Cold Cave to Tour Behind Wax Trax! Documentary |last=Narvaja |first=Norm |date= 10 April 2019 |website=altpress.com |publisher= [[Alternative Press (magazine)|Alternative Press]] |access-date=21 March 2020 }}</ref> and is credited for introducing it to the United States.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/wax-trax-reduxchart-watch/Content?oid=882542 |title= Wax Trax Redux/Chart Watch |last=Wyman |first=Bill |date= 12 August 1993 |website=chicagoreader.com |publisher= [[Chicago Reader]] |access-date=21 March 2020 }}</ref> [[Ministry (band)|Ministry]]'s 1988 album ''[[The Land of Rape and Honey]]'', departed from the band's synthesizer-oriented sound for a rock style that drew from hardcore punk and [[thrash metal]], while retaining electronic elements and samples.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://loudwire.com/10-most-underrated-bands-1980s/|title=10 Most Underrated Bands of 1980s|website=[[Loudwire]]|last=Hartmann|first=Graham|date=10 January 2019|access-date=21 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pitchfork.com/features/lists-and-guides/the-33-best-industrial-albums-of-all-time/?page=3|title= 33 Best Industrial Albums of All Time|website=[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]]|last= Carr|first=Daphne|date=17 June 2019|access-date=21 March 2020}}</ref> Ministry frontman [[Al Jourgensen]] was also involved in multiple industrial rock side projects that were signed to Wax Trax!, including [[Revolting Cocks]], [[1000 Homo DJs]] and [[Pailhead]].<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Elledge |first=Paul |date= October 1991 |title=Cult of Personality |volume=7|issue=7 |magazine=[[Spin (magazine)|Spin]] }}</ref> Drawing heavy influences from the New York's no wave scene, [[Cop Shoot Cop]] incorporated two bass guitars with no guitars.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/cop-shoot-cop-mn0000124631/biography|title=Cop Shoot Cop biography|work=[[AllMusic]]|first=John |last=Dougan|access-date=22 March 2020}}</ref>

===Mainstream popularity (1990s)===

[[File:Nine Inch Nails - 20.06.2022 - O2 Apollo Manchester.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Industrial rock band Nine Inch Nails]]

In the 1990s, industrial rock broke into the mainstream with artists and bands such as [[Nine Inch Nails]], [[Orgy (band)|Orgy]], {{nowrap|[[Rob Zombie]],}} [[White Zombie (band)|White Zombie]], and [[Marilyn Manson (band)|Marilyn Manson]]. In December 1992, Nine Inch Nails' EP ''[[Broken (Nine Inch Nails EP)|Broken]]'' was certified platinum by the [[Recording Industry Association of America|Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA)]].{{Certification Cite Ref|title=Broken|artist=Nine Inch Nails|region=United States|type=album}} Nine Inch Nails gained further popularity with the release of their 1994 album ''[[The Downward Spiral]]'', which was certified 4× platinum by the RIAA in 1998.{{Certification Cite Ref|title=The Downward Spiral|artist=Nine Inch Nails|type=album|region=United States}} The band's 1999 album ''[[The Fragile (Nine Inch Nails album)|The Fragile]]'' was certified 2× platinum in January 2000.{{Certification Cite Ref|title=The Fragile|artist=Nine Inch Nails|type=album|region=United States}} With the success of Nine Inch Nails, the band's debut album ''[[Pretty Hate Machine]]'' was certified 3× platinum by the RIAA.{{Certification Cite Ref|title=Pretty Hate Machine|artist=Nine Inch Nails|type=album|region=United States}} In the 1990s, four Nine Inch Nails songs went on the [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.billboard.com/artist/312326/nine-inch-nails/chart |title=Nine Inch Nails – Chart history |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |access-date=May 2, 2017}}</ref> Several industrial rock and industrial metal artists such as [[KMFDM]], [[Fear Factory]], [[Gravity Kills]] and [[Sister Machine Gun]] appeared on the 1995 ''[[Mortal Kombat: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack]]'',<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/mortal-kombat-original-soundtrack-mw0000180330 |title=Mortal Kombat [Original Soundtrack] – Original Soundtrack |publisher=[[AllMusic]] |access-date=May 19, 2017}}</ref> which was certified platinum by the RIAA in January 1996.{{Certification Cite Ref|title=Mortal Kombat|artist=Soundtrack|region=United States|type=album}}

[[File:Orgy American band.jpg|thumb|right|Industrial rock band Orgy performing in 2015]]

[[Marilyn Manson (band)|Marilyn Manson]] released their album ''[[Antichrist Superstar]]'' in 1996, which was certified platinum by the RIAA two months after its release date.{{Certification Cite Ref|title=Antichrist Superstar|artist=Marilyn Manson|type=album|region=United States}} In the United States, ''Antichrist Superstar'' sold at least 1,900,000 units.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/951479/marilyn-manson-plots-2011-comeback-with-indie-label |title=Marilyn Manson Plots 2011 Comeback with Indie Label |magazine=Billboard |last=Paine |first=Andre |date=November 8, 2010 |access-date=May 3, 2017}}</ref> Marilyn Manson's EP ''[[Smells Like Children]]'' was certified platinum in May 1998.{{Certification Cite Ref|title=Smells Like Children|artist=Marilyn Manson|region=United States|type=album}} The band's third album ''[[Mechanical Animals]]'' went to number 1, dethroning [[Lauryn Hill]]'s solo debut ''[[The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill]]'' and selling 223,000 copies in its first week in stores.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Boehlert |first=Eric |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/marilyn-manson-shows-hes-dope-19980924 |title=Marilyn Manson Shows He's Dope |magazine=[[Rolling Stone]] |date=September 24, 1998 |access-date=May 2, 2017 |archive-date=November 1, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171101063930/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/marilyn-manson-shows-hes-dope-19980924 |url-status=dead }}</ref> It was certified platinum by the RIAA in February 1999{{Certification Cite Ref|title=Mechanical Animals|artist=Marilyn Manson|type=album|region=United States}} and sold at least 1,409,000 copies in the United States.<ref>{{cite web |last=Grein |first=Paul |url=http://new.music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart_watch/68870/chart-watch-extra-swift-joins-an-elite-club |title=Chart Watch Extra: Swift Joins An Elite Club |publisher=Yahoo! Music |date=November 3, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101107194009/http://new.music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart_watch/68870/chart-watch-extra-swift-joins-an-elite-club |archive-date=November 7, 2010 |access-date=May 3, 2017}}</ref> [[Orgy (band)|Orgy]] also experienced mainstream success during the 1990s. The band's 1998 album ''[[Candyass]]'' was certified platinum by the RIAA in July 1999.{{Certification Cite Ref|title=Candyass|artist=Orgy|region=United States|type=album}} Orgy's cover of [[New Order (band)|New Order]]'s song "[[Blue Monday (New Order song)|Blue Monday]]" went to number 56 on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.billboard.com/artist/316886/orgy/chart |title=Orgy – Chart history |magazine=Billboard |access-date=May 3, 2017}}</ref> and number 2 on the [[Dance Club Songs]] chart.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.billboard.com/artist/316886/orgy/chart?f=359 |title=Orgy – Chart history (Dance Club Songs) |magazine=Billboard |access-date=May 3, 2017}}</ref> White Zombie experimented with [[industrial metal]] on its 1995 album ''[[Astro-Creep: 2000]]'',<ref name="allmusic">{{cite web |first=Stephen Thomas |last=Erlewine |author-link=Stephen Thomas Erlewine |url={{AllMusic|class=album|id=mw0000644056|pure_url=yes}}|title=Astro-Creep: 2000 – Songs of Love, Destruction and Other Synthetic Delusions of the Electric Head – White Zombie |publisher=[[AllMusic]] |access-date=May 3, 2017}}</ref> which was certified 2× platinum by the RIAA in March 1996.{{Certification Cite Ref|title=Astro-Creep: 2000|artist=White Zombie|type=album|region=United States}} White Zombie's vocalist [[Rob Zombie]] began creating pure industrial metal albums in his solo career. Rob Zombie's 1998 solo debut studio album ''[[Hellbilly Deluxe]]'' was certified 3× platinum by the RIAA less than two years after its release date.{{Certification Cite Ref|title=Hellbilly Deluxe|artist=Rob Zombie|type=album|region=United States}} In November 1999, [[Powerman 5000]]'s album ''[[Tonight the Stars Revolt!]]'' was certified platinum by the RIAA.{{Certification Cite Ref|title=Tonight the Stars Revolt!|artist=Powerman 5000|type=album|region=United States}} The album sold at least 1,316,172 units in the United States.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.blabbermouth.net/news/powerman-5000-is-the-end-near/ |title=Powerman 5000: Is The End Near? |publisher=[[Blabbermouth.net]] |date=November 6, 2003 |access-date=May 6, 2017}}</ref>
A large Industrial metal scene also emerged in Europe in the 20th century. The Industrial Metal band that manages to appeal to the largest audiences worldwide is [[Rammstein]].
Other names have also proven successful in the European scene, including [[Pain (musical project)|Pain]], [[Deathstars]], [[Dagoba (band)|Dagoba]], [[Eisbrecher]], [[Gothminister]] and [[Godflesh]].

== Labels ==
*[[Wax Trax! Records]]
*[[Nothing Records]]

== See also ==

*[[:Category:Industrial rock musical groups|Industrial rock musical groups]]
*[[Industrial rock sales and awards]]
*[[List of industrial music bands]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
* [[Steven Blush|Blush, Steven]] (2001). ''[[American Hardcore: A Tribal History]]''. Los Angeles: [[Feral House]].
* Chantler, Chris (2002). "Splitting heirs". ''Terrorizer'', 96: 54–5.
* Connelly, Chris (2007). ''Concrete, Bulletproof, Invisible + Fried: My Life as a Revolting Cock''. London: SAF Publishing.
* Irvin, Jim (2001). ''The Mojo Collection: The greatest albums of all time''. Edinburgh: Canongate.
* Licht, Alan (2003). "Tunnel vision". ''The Wire'', 233: 30–37.
* Mörat (1992). "Ye gods!" ''Kerrang!'', 411: 12.
* Reynolds, Simon (2005). ''Rip it up and start again: Postpunk 1978–1984.'' London: Faber and Faber Limited.
* Reed, S. Alexander (2013). ''Assimilate: A Critical History of Industrial Music''. Oxford University Press.
* Sharp, Chris (1999). "Atari Teenage Riot: 60 second wipe out". ''The Wire'', 183: 48–49.
* Stud, B. & Stud, T. (June 20, 1987). "Heaven up here". ''Melody Maker'': 26–27.
* Vale, Vivian; Juno, Andrea (1983). ''RE/Search #6-#7: Industrial culture handbook''. San Francisco: RE/SEARCH PUBLICATIONS.

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[[Category:Alternative rock genres]]
[[Category:Rock music genres]]
[[Category:Electronic music genres]]
[[Category:Fusion music genres]]
[[Category:Industrial music]]