Editing Indulf

{{Short description|King of Alba from 954 to 962}}
{{for|the 6th-century Gothic leader|Indulf (6th century)}}
{{Use British English|date=June 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name            = Indulf
| image           = IndulfofScotland.jpg
| caption         = 1734 imaginary engraving of Indulf by Alexander Bannerman
| succession      = [[King of Alba (Scotland)]]
| reign           = 954–962
| predecessor     = [[Malcolm I]]
| reg-type        = Ruled with
| successor       = [[Dub, King of Scotland|Dub]]
| birth_date      = c. 927
| death_date      = 962
| death_place     = [[Cullen, Moray|Cullen]]? or Monastery of [[St Andrews]]
| issue           = [[Cuilén]], King of Alba<br />[[Amlaíb of Scotland|Amlaíb]], King of Alba<br />Eochaid
| house           = [[House of Alpin|Alpin]]
| father          = [[Constantine II of Scotland|Constantine II]], King of Alba
| place of burial = [[Iona]]
}}

'''Ildulb mac Causantín''', [[Anglicisation|anglicised]] as '''Indulf''' or '''Indulph''',<ref>"Ildulb" is an [[Old Irish]] name derived from either the [[Old Norse]] name ''Hildulfr'' or the [[Old English]] name ''Eadwulf''. It occurs in various contemporary [[Goidelic languages|Gaelic forms]], such as ''Iondolbh'', found in the ''[[Duan Albanach]]''. The [[Latin]] ''[[Chronicle of the Kings of Alba]]'' uses ''Indolf'' and ''Idulfus''. "Ildulb" was later rendered "Indulf" under [[Old French]] influence. Ildulb is used because by some historians because it correctly represents the name ''Hildulfr'' in Gaelic orthography; Eadwulf would perhaps be Idulb, hence that form is also used sometimes. The name never came into wider use in the Scottish world, or the Gaelic world more generally, and has no modern form. Walker, p. 97.</ref> nicknamed '''An Ionsaighthigh''', "the Aggressor"<ref>Skene, ''Chronicles'', p. 94.</ref> (died 962) was [[king of Alba]] from 954 to 962. He was the son of [[Constantine II of Scotland|Constantine II]]; his mother may have been a daughter of Earl [[Eadulf I of Bernicia]], who was an exile in Scotland.<ref>It is known a sister of Indulf married [[Olaf III Guthfrithson]] (Amlaíb mac Gofraidh) of the [[Uí Ímair]] and one of Indulf's sons was named [[Amlaíb of Scotland|Amlaíb]]. Walker suggests that Indulf's mother may have been a daughter of Earl [[Eadulf I of Bernicia|Eadwulf]], who was an exile in Alba. Eadwulf is rendered Ettulb in the ''Annals of Ulster'', s.a. 913, where his death is reported. Walker, p. 97</ref>

== Biography ==
Indulf was probably baptised in 927. According to [[William of Malmesbury]], [[Æthelstan]] stood godfather to a son of [[Constantine II of Scotland | Constantine]] at the [[St Andrew's Church, Dacre|Church of Dacre]]. The [[Anglo-Saxon Chronicle]] dates the meeting of Æthelstan with the northern kings at [[Eamont Bridge|Eamont]] to the 12 July 927. So, it is likely that this baptism occurred on, or around, the Feast of [[Hidulf|St Hildulf]], which Alex Woolf suggests may be the source of his uncommon name.<ref>Woolf, ''From Pictland to Alba'', p. 192–193.</ref>

[[John of Fordun]] and others supposed that Indulf had been [[king of Strathclyde]] in the reign of his predecessor, based on their understanding that the [[kingdom of Strathclyde]] had become a part of the [[kingdom of Alba]] in the 940s. This, however, is no longer accepted.<ref>Duncan, pp.40–41.</ref>

The [[Chronicle of the Kings of Alba]] says: "In his time ''oppidum Eden''", usually identified as [[Edinburgh]],<ref>Duncan, p. 24; ''Early Sources'', p.468, note 4.</ref> "was evacuated, and abandoned to the Scots until the present day." This has been read as indicating that [[Lothian]], or some large part of it, fell to Indulf at this time. However, the conquest of Lothian is likely to have been a process rather than a single event, and the frontier between the lands of the kings of Alba and [[Bernicia]] may have lain south and east of Edinburgh many years before Indulf's reign.<ref>Duncan, p. 247–325; Smyth, pp. 221–223.</ref>

Indulf's death is reported by the [[Chronicon Scotorum]] in 962, the [[Chronicle of the Kings of Alba]] adding that he was killed fighting [[Vikings]] near [[Cullen, Moray|Cullen]], at the [[Battle of Bauds]]. The [[Prophecy of Berchán]], however, claims that he died "in the house of the same holy apostle, where his father [died]", that is at the [[culdee|céli dé]] [[monastery]] of [[St Andrews]]. He was buried on [[Iona]].<ref>''Early Sources'', pp. 468–471; Duncan, p. 20 follows the Chronicle.</ref>

Indulf was succeeded by [[Dub of Scotland|Dub]] (Dub mac Maíl Coluim), son of his predecessor. His sons [[Cuilén of Scotland|Cuilén]] and [[Amlaíb of Scotland|Amlaíb]] were later kings. Eochaid, a third son, was killed with Cuilén by the men of [[kingdom of Strathclyde|Strathclyde]] in 971.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Sources ==
* [[Alan Orr Anderson|Anderson, Alan Orr]]; ''Early Sources of Scottish History AD 500–1286'', volume 1. Reprinted with corrections. Paul Watkins, Stamford, 1990. {{ISBN|1-871615-03-8}}
* Duncan, A. A. M.; ''The Kingship of the Scots 842–1292: Succession and Independence'', Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 2002. {{ISBN|0-7486-1626-8}}
* Smyth, Alfred P.; ''Warlords and Holy Men: Scotland AD 80–1000'', Reprinted, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 1998. {{ISBN|0-7486-0100-7}}
* Walker, Ian W.; ''Lords of Alba: The Making of Scotland'', Sutton, Stroud, 2006. {{ISBN|0-7509-3492-1}}

== External links ==
* [http://celt.ucc.ie/index.html CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts] at [[University College Cork]] includes the ''Annals of Ulster'', ''Tigernach'', ''the Four Masters'' and ''Innisfallen'', the ''Chronicon Scotorum'', the ''Lebor Bretnach'' (which includes the ''Duan Albanach''), Genealogies, and various Lives of Saints. Most are translated into English or translations are in progress.
* [http://www.kjhskj75z.talktalk.net/pictish.html#third (CKA) The Chronicle of the Kings of Alba] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140615163653/http://www.kjhskj75z.talktalk.net/pictish.html#third |date=15 June 2014 }}
* [https://www.royal.uk/indulf-r-954-962 Indulf] at the official website of the [[British monarchy]]

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{{S-hou|[[House of Alpin]]||||962}}
{{S-reg|}}
{{S-bef|before=[[Malcolm I]]}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[List of Scottish monarchs|King of Alba]]|years=954–962}}
{{S-aft|after=[[Dub of Scotland|Dub]]}}  
{{S-end}}

{{Pictish and Scottish Monarchs}}
{{English, Scottish and British monarchs}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Indulf Of Scotland}}

[[Category:962 deaths]]
[[Category:Monarchs killed in action]]
[[Category:Scottish pre-union military personnel killed in action]]
[[Category:House of Alpin]]
[[Category:Burials in Iona]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:10th-century Scottish monarchs]]
[[Category:Gaels]]