Editing Indre-et-Loire

{{short description|Department in Centre-Val de Loire, France}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
| name                    = Indre-et-Loire
| native_name             = 
| native_name_lang        = fr<!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead -->
| type                    = [[Departments of France|Department of France]]
| image_skyline           = {{Photomontage|position=center
   | photo3a = Prefecture Tours.jpg
   | photo3b = Chateau de Villandry 3 sept 2016 f04.jpg
   | photo1a = Château de Langeais et jardins.jpg
   | photo2a = Chenonceaux (Indre-et-Loire) (10439404623).jpg
   | photo1b = Chinon, la Vienne (vue du château).JPG
   | size = 270
   | spacing = 2
   | color = #FFFFFF
   | border = 0
   | foot_montage = }}
| image_alt               = 
| image_caption           = Top down, from left to right: [[Château de Langeais]], [[Chinon]] and the [[Vienne (river)|Vienne River]], [[Château de Chenonceau]] and the [[Cher (river)|Cher River]], [[Prefectures in France|prefecture]] building in [[Tours]], [[Château de Villandry]]
| image_flag              = Drapeau non-officiel fr département Indre-et-Loire.svg
| flag_alt                = 
| image_shield            = Arms of Charles le Bel.svg
| shield_alt              = 
| nickname                = 
| motto                   = 
| image_map               = Indre-et-Loire-Position.svg
| map_alt                 = 
| map_caption             = Location of Indre-et-Loire in France
| pushpin_map             = 
| pushpin_label_position  = 
| pushpin_map_alt         = 
| pushpin_map_caption     = 
| coordinates             = {{coord|47|15|N|0|40|E|region:FR_type:adm2nd|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint           = 
| coordinates_footnotes   = 
| subdivision_type        = Country
| subdivision_name        = France
| subdivision_type1       = [[Regions of France|Region]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Centre-Val de Loire]]
| established_title       = 
| established_date        = 
| founder                 = 
| seat_type               = [[Prefectures in France|Prefecture]]
| seat                    = [[Tours]]
| parts_type              = [[Subprefectures in France|Subprefectures]]
| parts_style             = para
| p1                      = [[Chinon]]<br>[[Loches]]
| government_footnotes    = 
| leader_party            = [[The Republicans (France)|LR]]
| leader_title            = [[List of presidents of departmental councils (France)|President of the Departmental Council]]
| leader_name             = Jean-Gérard Paumier<ref>{{cite web|title=Répertoire national des élus: les conseillers départementaux|url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/601ef073-d986-4582-8e1a-ed14dc857fba|website=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises|date=4 May 2022|language=fr}}</ref>
| unit_pref               = Metric<!-- or US or UK -->
| area_magnitude          = 
| area_footnotes          = {{ref|area|1}}
| area_total_km2          = 6127
| area_note               = 
| elevation_footnotes     = 
| elevation_m             = 
| elevation_min_m         = 
| elevation_max_m         = 
| population_total        = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
| population_as_of        = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
| population_footnotes    = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes2}}
| population_rank         = [[List of French departments by population|41st]]
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_demonym      = 
| population_note         = 
| blank_name_sec1         = [[Departments of France|Department number]]
| blank_info_sec1         = 37
| blank_name_sec2         = [[Arrondissements of France|Arrondissements]]
| blank_info_sec2         = [[Arrondissements of the Indre-et-Loire department|3]]
| blank1_name_sec2        = [[Cantons in France|Cantons]]
| blank1_info_sec2        = [[Cantons of the Indre-et-Loire department|19]]
| blank2_name_sec2        = [[Communes in France|Communes]]
| blank2_info_sec2        = [[communes of the Indre-et-Loire department|272]]
| timezone1               = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1             = +1
| timezone1_DST           = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST         = +2
| postal_code_type        = 
| postal_code             = 
| area_code_type          = 
| area_code               = 
| iso_code                = 
| website                 = 
| footnotes               = {{note|area|1}} French Land Register data, which exclude [[estuary|estuaries]], and lakes, ponds, and glaciers larger than 1 km<sup>2</sup>
}}
'''Indre-et-Loire''' ({{IPA|fr|ɛ̃.dʁ‿e.lwaʁ|-|Fr-Paris--Indre-et-Loire.ogg}}) is a [[Departments of France|department]] in west-central France named after the [[Indre (river)|Indre River]] and [[Loire|Loire River]]. In 2019, it had a population of 610,079.<ref name=pop2019>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/6011060/dep37.pdf Populations légales 2019: 37 Indre-et-Loire], INSEE</ref> Sometimes referred to as [[Touraine]], the name of the historic region, it is nowadays part of the [[Centre-Val de Loire]] [[Regions of France|region]]. Its [[Prefectures in France|prefecture]] is [[Tours]] and [[Subprefectures in France|subprefectures]] are [[Chinon]] and [[Loches]]. Indre-et-Loire is a touristic destination for its numerous monuments that are part of the [[Châteaux of the Loire Valley]].

==History==

===Early times===
Indre-et-Loire is one of the original 83 departments established during the [[French Revolution]] on 4 March 1790. It was created from the former [[provinces of France|province]] of [[Touraine]] and of small portions of [[Orléanais]], [[Duchy of Anjou|Anjou]] and [[Poitou]].<ref>{{Cite EB1911 |wstitle=Indre-et-Loire |volume=14 |page=501}}</ref> Its prefecture, [[Tours]], was a centre of learning in the [[Early Middle Ages]], having been a key focus of Christian evangelisation since St Martin became its first bishop around 375. From the mid-15th century, the royal court repaired to the [[Loire Valley]], with Tours as its capital; the confluence of the Loire River and Cher River became a centre of silk manufacturing and other luxury goods, including the wine trade, creating a prosperous bourgeoisie.

===Recent years===
After the creation of the department it remained politically conservative, as [[Honoré de Balzac]] recorded in several of his novels. Conservative Tours refused to welcome the railways which instead were obliged to route their lines by way of [[Saint-Pierre-des-Corps]] on the city's eastern edge.   The moderate temper of the department's politics remained apparent after the [[Franco-Prussian War]] of 1870: sentiments remained predominantly pro-royalist during the early years of the [[French Third Republic|Third Republic]]. For most of the nineteenth century, Indre-et-Loire was a rural department, but pockets of heavy-duty industrialisation began to appear towards the century's end, accompanied by left-wing politics.   1920 saw the birth of the [[French Communist Party]] at the [[Tours Congress|Congress of Tours]]. By 1920, Saint-Pierre-des-Corps had become a major railway hub and a centre of railway workshops: it had also acquired a reputation as a bastion of working class solidarity.

==Geography==

Indre-et-Loire is part of the region of [[Centre-Val de Loire]]; the neighbouring departments are [[Loir-et-Cher]], [[Indre]], [[Vienne (department)|Vienne]], [[Maine-et-Loire]] and [[Sarthe]]. The commune of [[Descartes, Indre-et-Loire|Descartes]] is famous as the birthplace of French philosopher and mathematician, [[René Descartes]].

===Principal towns===

The most populous commune is [[Tours]], the prefecture. As of 2019, there are 10 communes with more than 10,000 inhabitants:<ref name=pop2019/>

{| class=wikitable
! Commune
! Population (2019)
|-
| [[Tours]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 137,087
|-
| [[Joué-lès-Tours]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 38,444
|-
| [[Saint-Cyr-sur-Loire]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 16,419
|-
| [[Saint-Pierre-des-Corps]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 15,967
|-
| [[Saint-Avertin]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 14,995
|-
| [[Amboise]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 12,533
|-
| [[Chambray-lès-Tours]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 11,880
|-
| [[Montlouis-sur-Loire]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 10,868
|-
| [[La Riche]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 10,317
|-
| [[Fondettes]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 10,301
|}

==Demographics==

{{historical populations|align=none|cols=2|percentages=pagr|footnote=Sources:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://splaf.free.fr/37his.html|title=Historique d'Indre-et-Loire|website=Le SPLAF}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4176909?geo=DEP-37|title=Évolution et structure de la population en 2016|publisher=INSEE}}</ref>|graph-pos=bottom
|1801|268,924
|1821|282,372
|1836|304,271
|1851|315,641
|1872|317,027
|1886|340,921
|1901|335,541
|1911|341,205
|1921|327,743
|1931|335,226
|1946|349,685
|1954|364,706
|1962|395,210
|1968|437,866
|1975|478,597
|1982|506,093
|1990|529,345
|1999|553,747
|2006|580,312
|2011|593,683
|2016|606,223
|2020|612,119}}

==Politics==
{{update section|date=April 2022}}
The President of the Departmental Council is [[Jean-Gérard Paumier]] of [[The Republicans (France)|The Republicans]].

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;"
!colspan=2| Party || seats
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Socialist Party (France)}}" |<span style="color:white; font-size:190%;">•</span>
|[[Socialist Party (France)|Socialist Party]] ||align="right"| 18
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Miscellaneous Right}}" |
|[[Miscellaneous Right]] ||align="right"| 8
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Union for a Popular Movement}}" |
|[[Union for a Popular Movement]] ||align="right"| 5
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Miscellaneous Left}}" |<span style="color:white; font-size:190%;">•</span>
|[[Miscellaneous Left]] ||align="right"| 2
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|New Centre}}" |
|[[New Centre]] ||align="right"| 2
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|French Communist Party}}" |<span style="color:white; font-size:190%;">•</span>
|[[French Communist Party]] ||align="right"| 1
|-
|}

===Current national assembly representatives===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan="2"|Constituency!!Member<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/|title=Assemblée nationale ~ Les députés, le vote de la loi, le Parlement français|first=Assemblée|last=Nationale|website=Assemblée nationale}}</ref>!!Party
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|En Marche!}}" |
| [[Indre-et-Loire's 1st constituency]]
| [[Philippe Chalumeau]]
| [[La République En Marche!]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|La République En Marche!}}" |
| [[Indre-et-Loire's 2nd constituency]]
| [[Daniel Labaronne]]
| [[La République En Marche!]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Union of Democrats and Independents}}" |
| [[Indre-et-Loire's 3rd constituency]]
| [[Sophie Auconie]]
| [[Union of Democrats and Independents]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|La République En Marche!}}" |
| [[Indre-et-Loire's 4th constituency]]
| [[Fabienne Colboc]]
| [[La République En Marche!]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Ecology Democracy Solidarity}}" |
| [[Indre-et-Loire's 5th constituency]]
| [[Sabine Thillaye]]
| [[Ecology Democracy Solidarity]]
|}

==See also==
*[[Cantons of the Indre-et-Loire department]]
*[[Communes of the Indre-et-Loire department]]
*[[Arrondissements of the Indre-et-Loire department]]

==References==
<references />

==External links==
* {{in lang|fr}} [https://www.indre-et-loire.gouv.fr/ Prefecture website]
* {{in lang|fr}} [https://www.touraine.fr/ Departmental Council website]
* {{in lang|fr}} [http://www.touraineloirevalley.com/ Official tourist website of Touraine Loire Valley]

{{Geographic Location
|title = '''Neighbouring departments'''
|Centre    = Indre-et-Loire
|North     = [[Sarthe]]
|East      = [[Loir-et-Cher]]
|Southeast = [[Indre]]
|Southwest = [[Vienne (department)|Vienne]]
|West      = [[Maine-et-Loire]]
}}

{{Departments of France}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Indre-et-Loire| ]]
[[Category:1790 establishments in France]]
[[Category:Departments of Centre-Val de Loire]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1790]]