Editing Impossible trident

{{Short description|2D drawing of impossible 3D object}}
[[File:Poiuyt--opaque.svg|thumb|right|upright|An impossible trident with backgrounds, to enhance the illusion]]
[[File:RogerHaywardUndecidable Monument.jpg|thumb|right|upright|[[Roger Hayward]]'s ''Undecidable Monument'']]
An '''impossible trident''',<ref>Andrew M. Colman, ''A Dictionary of Psychology'', Oxford University Press, 2009, {{ISBN|0199534063}},  [https://books.google.com/books?id=XxGbsjKjPZsC&pg=PA369 p. 369]</ref> also known as an '''impossible fork''',<ref>[http://mathworld.wolfram.com/ImpossibleFork.html Article "Impossible Fork"] at MathWorld</ref> '''blivet''',<ref>''[[The Hacker's Dictionary]]'', article "Blivet"; It lists the impossible fork among numerous meanings of the term</ref> '''poiuyt''', or '''devil's tuning fork''',<ref name=mk>Brooks Masterton, John M. Kennedy, [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/2199e5083_Building_the_Devil's_Tuning_Fork "Building the Devil's Tuning Fork"], ''Perception'', 1975, vol. 4, pp. 107-109</ref> is a drawing of an [[impossible object]] (undecipherable figure), a kind of an [[optical illusion]]. It appears to have three cylindrical prongs at one end which then mysteriously transform into two rectangular prongs at the other end.

In 1964, D.H. Schuster reported that he noticed an ambiguous figure of a new kind in the advertising section of an aviation journal. He dubbed it a "three-stick [[clevis]]". He described the novelty as follows: "Unlike other ambiguous drawings, an actual shift in visual fixation is involved in its perception and resolution."<ref>Schuster, D. H., "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232573577_A_New_Ambiguous_Figure_A_Three-Stick_Clevis A New Ambiguous Figure: A Three-Stick Clevis."] ''Amer. J. Psychol.'' vol. 77, 1964, p.673, .</ref>
The word "poiuyt" appeared on the March 1965 cover<ref>{{cite web |url=http://madcoversite.com/mad093.html |title=Doug Gilford's Mad Cover Site - Mad #93 |publisher=Madcoversite.com |access-date=2010-10-22}}</ref> of ''[[Mad (magazine)|Mad]]'' magazine bearing the four-eyed [[Alfred E. Neuman]] balancing the impossible fork on his finger  with  caption "Introducing 'The Mad Poiuyt' " (the last six letters on the top row of [[QWERTY]] typewriters, right to left). An anonymously contributed version described as a "hole location gauge" was printed in the June 1964 issue of ''[[Analog Science Fiction and Fact]]'', with the comment that "this outrageous piece of draftsmanship evidently escaped from the Finagle & Diddle Engineering Works".<ref>{{cite journal |title=Hole Location Gauge |journal=Analog |date=June 1964 |volume=73 |issue=5 |page=27 |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/17BGFhtyaitPRa0sf-9C1C5xRi-IacZ0w/view?pli=1 |access-date=2025-02-19}}</ref> Subsequently, a correspondent revealed that he had encountered the type of figure about twenty years previously, and had used it as a business logo since 1952.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tunnell |first1=James |title=Industrial Camera |journal=Analog |date=October 1964 |volume=74 |issue=2 |page=95 |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/1hDnS4IlwuhE0jvgzqAYng5aKx0eiX0uL/view |access-date=2025-02-20}}</ref>

The term "blivet" for the impossible fork was popularized by ''[[Worm Runner's Digest]]'' magazine. In 1967, Harold Baldwin published there an article, "Building better blivets", in which he described the rules for the construction of drawings based on the impossible fork.<ref name=mk/><ref>William Perl,[https://books.google.com/books?id=NWpXAAAAMAAJ&q=baldwin+blivets "Blivet or Not"], ''The Journal of Biological Psychology'', 1969</ref>
In December 1968, American optical designer and artist [[Roger Hayward]] wrote a humorous submission "Blivets: Research and Development" for ''The Worm Runner's Digest'' in which he presented various drawings based on the blivet.<ref>{{cite book |title=Mathematical Circus |last=Gardner |first=Martin |author-link=Martin Gardner |publisher=[[Pelican Books]] |year=1981 |page=5}}</ref> He "explained" the term as follows: "The blivet was first discovered in 1892 in Pfulingen, Germany, by a cross-eyed dwarf named Erasmus Wolfgang Blivet."<ref>''Science, Sex, and Sacred Cows: Spoofs on Science from the Worm Runner's Digest'', 1971, [https://books.google.com/books?id=ItFfAAAAMAAJ&q=hayward+blivets pp. 91-93]</ref> He also published there a sequel,'' Blivets — the Makings''.

==Notes==
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{{Sister bar|Blivet|wikt=blivet |commons=Category:Blivet|auto=1}}

{{Optical illusions}}

[[Category:Optical illusions]]
[[Category:Impossible objects]]