Editing ISO 3864

{{Short description|Technical standard for safety symbols}}
{{Infobox technology standard
| title             = ISO 3864:2011
| long_name         = Graphical symbols — Safety colours and safety signs
| image             = File:ISO 7010 - Multi Message - Warning, Prohibited, Mandatory- Horizontal Example.svg
| image_size        = 150px
| alt               = 
| caption           = Example safety sign designed according to ISO 3864-1
| abbreviation      = ISO 3864
| native_name       = <!-- Name in local language. If more than one, separate using {{plain list}} -->
| native_name_lang  = <!-- ISO 639-1 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} inside native_name items instead -->
| status            = 
| year_started      = {{Start date|1984|3|df=y}}
| first_published   = {{Start date and age|1984|3|df=y}}
| version           = 2
| version_date      = 2011
| preview           = 
| preview_date      = 
| organization      = [[International Organization for Standardization]]
| committee         = ISO/TC 145/SC 2 Safety identification, signs, shapes, symbols and colours
| series            = 
| editors           = 
| authors           = 
| base_standards    =
| related_standards = 
| domain            = Safety signage design
| license           = 
| copyright         = 
| website           = {{URL|https://www.iso.org/standard/51021.html}}
}}

'''ISO 3864''' is an [[International Organization for Standardization]] [[technical standard]] for [[safety sign]]s and markings in workplaces and public facilities. These labels are graphical, to overcome [[language barrier]]s.<ref name="3864-1"/> The standard is split into four parts.

==Parts==
ISO 3864 consists of four parts, that provide more specific and situation specific guidance depending on the application.
* ISO 3864-1:2011 Part 1: Design principles for safety signs and safety markings<ref name="3864-1">{{cite web |last1=International Organization for Standardization |author1-link=International Organization for Standardization |title=ISO 3864-1:2011 – Graphical symbols — Safety colours and safety signs — Part 1: Design principles for safety signs and safety markings |url=https://www.iso.org/standard/51021.html |website=iso.org |access-date=20 January 2023 |date=April 2011}}</ref>
* ISO 3864-2:2016 Part 2: Design principles for product safety labels<ref name="3864-2">{{cite web |last1=International Organization for Standardization |author1-link=International Organization for Standardization |title=ISO 3864-2:2016 – Graphical symbols — Safety colours and safety signs — Part 2: Design principles for product safety labels |url=https://www.iso.org/standard/66836.html |website=iso.org |access-date=20 January 2023 |date=December 2016}}</ref>
* ISO 3864-3:2012 Part 3: Design principles for graphical symbols for use in safety signs<ref name="3864-3">{{cite web |last1=International Organization for Standardization |author1-link=International Organization for Standardization |title=ISO 3864-3:2012 – Graphical symbols — Safety colours and safety signs — Part 3: Design principles for graphical symbols for use in safety signs |url=https://www.iso.org/standard/55814.html |website=iso.org |access-date=20 January 2023 |date=February 2012}}</ref>
* ISO 3864-4:2011 Part 4: Colorimetric and photometric properties of safety sign materials<ref name="3864-4">{{cite web |last1=International Organization for Standardization |author1-link=International Organization for Standardization |title=ISO 3864-4:2011 – Graphical symbols — Safety colours and safety signs — Part 4: Colorimetric and photometric properties of safety sign materials |url=https://www.iso.org/standard/51000.html |website=iso.org |access-date=20 January 2023 |date=March 2011}}</ref>

Part 1 explains how to layout the components of safety signage, dictate the color scheme and sizing information. Part 2 covers the same concepts as part one, but specifically for labels applied on machinery, vehicles and consumer goods. Part 3 contains guidance for designing new safety symbols. Part 4 specifies the standards for [[Phosphorescence|phosphorescent material]] and colours of a sign, as well as testing to confirm these signs meets required standards.

== Components of ISO 3864 ==

=== Colours ===
These are the colours specified in ISO Standard 3864-4 in [[RAL colour standard]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.etikettenwissen.de/wiki/Sicherheitsfarben|title = Sicherheitsfarben – Etikettenwissen}}</ref><ref name="3864-4"/>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Meaning !! RAL Name !! RAL Number !! RGB Hex<ref>{{cite web|title=RAL Farben {{!}} RAL CLASSIC Farben|website=www.ral-farben.de|url=http://www.ral-farben.de/inhalt/anwendung-hilfe/alle-ral-farbnamen/uebersicht-ral-classic-farben.html|access-date=2023-03-31|language=de}}</ref>!! Example of Colour
|-
| Warning || Signal Yellow || 1003 || #F9A900 || style="background:#F9A900"|
|-
| Prohibition/Fire Equipment || Signal Red || 3001 || #9B2423 || style="background:#9B2423"|
|-
| Mandatory || Signal Blue || 5005 || #005387 || style="background:#005387"|
|-
| Safe Condition || Signal Green || 6032 || #237F52 || style="background:#237F52"|
|-
| Backgrounds and Symbol || Signal White || 9003 || #ECECE7 || style="background:#ECECE7"|
|-
| Symbol || Signal Black || 9004 || #2B2B2C || style="background:#2B2B2C"|
|}

In addition, ISO standard 3864-2:2016 lays out the following colours that correspond to levels of risk.<ref name="3864-2"/>  This standard adds "Orange" as an incremental colour to the pallette above.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Meaning !! Signal word !! Background colour of panel !! Contrast colour !! Definition !! RGB Hex !! Example of Colour
|-
| Low level of risk || CAUTION || Yellow || Black || RAL 1003 (per ISO 3864-4) || #F9A900 || style="background:#F9A900"|
|-
| Medium level of risk || WARNING || Orange || Black || RAL 2010, Munsell 2,5YR6/14G, or Munsell 5YR6/15G || #D05D29 || style="background:#d05d29"|
|-
| High level of risk || DANGER || Red || White || RAL 3001 (per ISO 3864-4) || #9B2423 || style="background:#9b2423"|
|}

===Arrows===
ISO 3864-3 defines four types of arrow designs, and specifies what situations each type should be used in.<ref name="3864-3"/>
{| class="wikitable"
! Arrow Type !! Arrow image !! Meaning !! Arrowhead angle in degrees
|-
| {{center|<big><big>A</big></big>}} || [[File:ISO 3864 - Arrow A - Movement in Direction - Right.svg|frameless|100x100px]] || General movement of objects || 60°
|-
| {{center|<big><big>B</big></big>}} || [[File:ISO 3864 - Arrow B - Rotating in Direction - Left.svg|frameless|100x100px]]
[[File:ISO 3864 - Arrow B - Rotating in Direction - Right.svg|frameless|100x100px]]
|| Direction of rotation || 60°
|-
| {{center|<big><big>C</big></big>}} || [[File:ISO 3864 - Arrow C - Movement of Force - Right.svg|frameless|100x100px]] || Movement of forces; pressures, fluids, gasses || 84°
|-
| {{center|<big><big>D</big></big>}} || [[File:ISO 3864 - Arrow D - Movement of Persons - 90 Degree.svg|frameless|100x100px]][[File:ISO 3864 - Arrow D - Movement of Persons - 45 Degree.svg|frameless|100x100px]] || Movement of people || 84° – 86°
|-
|}

===Safety markings===
Part 1 also provides design standards for 'safety markings', which are safety colors combined with a contrasting color in an alternating 45° stripe pattern, intended to increase the visibility of an object, location or safety message.<ref name="3864-1"/>
{| class="wikitable"
!Marking
!Colours
!Meaning
|-
|[[File:ISO 3864-1 - Safety Marking - Hazard Locations.svg|borderless|200x200px]]
|Yellow/Black
|Indicate location of a hazard
|-
|[[File:ISO 3864-1 - Safety Marking - Fire Fighting Equipment Location.svg|borderless|200x200px]]
|Red/White
|Indicate location of firefighting equipment or a prohibition.
|-
|[[File:ISO 3864-1 - Safety Marking - Mandatory Instruction.svg|borderless|200x200px]]
|Blue/White
|Mandatory Action
|-
|[[File:ISO 3864-1 - Safety Marking - Safe Condition.svg|borderless|200x200px]]
|Green/White
|Safe condition
|}

===Signage design===
In addition to prescribing colours for safety signage, ISO 3864 also specifies how to layout the elements of the sign: A symbol and optional 'supplemental sign' which contains the supplementary text message.<ref name="3864-1"/>
<gallery caption="Examples of ISO 3864 sign layouts" widths="180px" heights="120px" >

ISO 7010 - Mandatory - Vertical Example.svg|A 'mandatory' sign, in a vertical format.
ISO 7010 - Mandatory - Horizontal Example.svg|A 'mandatory' sign, in a horizontal format, with the text box to the right of the symbol.
ISO 7010 - Fire Protection - Vertical Example.svg|A 'fire protection' sign, in a vertical format.
ISO 7010 - Fire Protection - Horizontal Example.svg|A 'fire protection' sign, in horizontal format, with the text box to the right of the symbol.
</gallery>

====Multi-message signs====
For situations where more than one message needs to be communicated{{efn|name="multi"}}, ISO 3864 also provides guidance for "multiple signs", which consist of two or more symbol and text messages combined into a single sign. Additionally, fire protection and safe condition signs, which mark the location of equipment or exits can be combined with an arrow to indicate the direction to the item depicted on the sign.<ref name="3864-1"/>
<gallery caption="Examples of ISO 3864 'multiple signs' layouts" widths="180px" heights="120px" >

ISO 7010 - Multi-message - Warning, Mandatory - Vertical Example.svg|A multi-message sign for hazard and mandatory action, in a vertical format
ISO 7010 - Multi Message - Warning, Prohibited, Mandatory- Horizontal Example.svg|A multi-message sign, with hazard, prohibition and mandatory action, in a horizontal format.
ISO Exit - Up Left.svg|An exit symbol, combined with an arrow pointed up, to the left.
ISO 7010 F001 with Right Arrow.svg|A Fire extinguisher sign, combined with an arrow to the right.
</gallery>

==Related standards==
The corresponding American standard is [[ANSI Z535]].  ANSI Z535.1 also explicitly uses multiple levels of hazard, including Yellow (Pantone 109) for 'caution' messages, and Orange (Pantone 151) for stronger 'warning' messages.<ref>{{cite web |title=U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, 49 CFR 172.407 |url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/172.407 |access-date=2020-09-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=ANSI NEMA Z535 |url=https://ibr.ansi.org/Standards/nema.aspx |website=ANSI IBR Standards Portal |publisher=American National Standards Institute; National Electrical Manufacturers Association |access-date=2020-09-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Frantz |first1=J. Paul |title=Update of ANSI Standards for Warnings and Future Directions |url=http://iframe.dri.org/DRI/course-materials/2017-Products/pdfs/02_Frantz.pdf |publisher=Applied Safety and Ergonomics, Inc. |access-date=2020-09-28}}</ref>    Like ISO 3864, ANSI Z535 includes multiple sections: ANSI Z535.6-2006 defines an optional accompanying text in one or more languages.

ISO 3864 is extended by [[ISO 7010]], which provides a set of symbols based on the principles and properties specified in ISO 3864.<ref name="3864-3"/>

== See also ==

* {{Annotated link |ANSI Z535}}
* {{Annotated link |Directive 92/58/EEC}}
* {{Annotated link |Hazard symbol}}
* {{Annotated link |ISO 7010}}
* {{Annotated link |Safety sign}}

==Notes==
{{notelist|30em|refs=
{{efn|name=multi|For example, a hazard message: "Acid" and mandatory message "Wear Gloves".}}
}}
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{ISO standards}}

[[Category:ISO standards|#03864]]