Editing Hydaburg, Alaska

{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name            = Hydaburg
| native_name              = 
| settlement_type          = [[City (Alaska)|City]]
| image_skyline            = 
| image_caption            = 
| image_flag               = 
| image_seal               = 
| nickname                 = 
| motto                    = 
| pushpin_map              = USA Alaska
| pushpin_map_caption      = Location in Alaska
<!-- Coordinates -->
| coordinates              = {{coord|55|12|17|N|132|49|15|W|region:US-AK_type:city|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes    = 
| subdivision_type         = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name         = [[United States]]
| subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_name1        = [[Alaska]]
| subdivision_type2        = 
| subdivision_name2        = 
| established_title        = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
| established_date         = October 4, 1927<ref name=ALG74>{{cite journal|title=Directory of Borough and City Officials 1974|journal=Alaska Local Government|volume=XIII|issue=2|page=42|location=Juneau|publisher=[[Alaska Department of Commerce, Community and Economic Development|Alaska Department of Community and Regional Affairs]]|date=January 1974}}</ref>
| government_type          = 
<!-- Government -->
| government_footnotes     = 
| leader_title             = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name              = Anthony Christianson<ref>{{Cite book|title=2015 Alaska Municipal Officials Directory|location=Juneau|publisher=Alaska Municipal League|year=2015|page=77}}</ref>
| leader_title1            = [[Alaska Senate|State senator]]
| leader_name1             = [[Bert Stedman]] ([[Republican Party (United States)|R]])
| leader_title2            = [[Alaska House of Representatives|State rep.]]
| leader_name2             = [[Rebecca Himschoot]] ([[Independent politician|I]])
| unit_pref                = Imperial
| area_footnotes           = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020">{{cite web|title=2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_02.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 29, 2021}}</ref>
| area_total_km2           = 0.76
| area_total_sq_mi         = 0.29
| area_land_km2            = 0.76
| area_land_sq_mi          = 0.29
| area_water_km2           = 0.01
| area_water_sq_mi         = 0.00
<!-- Elevation -->
| elevation_footnotes      = 
| elevation_m              = 7
| elevation_ft             = 23
| population_footnotes     = 
| population_total         = 380
| population_as_of         = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
| pop_est_footnotes        = 
| population_est           = 
| pop_est_as_of            = 
| population_density_km2   = 502.92
| population_density_sq_mi = 1301.37
<!-- General information -->
| timezone                 = [[Alaska Time Zone|Alaska (AKST)]]
| utc_offset               = -9
| timezone_DST             = AKDT
| utc_offset_DST           = -8
| postal_code_type         = [[ZIP code]]
| postal_code              = 99922
| area_code                = [[Area code 907|907]]
| blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS]] code
| blank_info               = {{FIPS|02|34460}}
| blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info              = {{GNIS4|1422709}}, {{GNIS4|2419401}}
| website                  = 
}}

'''Hydaburg''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|h|aɪ|d|ə|b|ɜr|ɡ}} {{respell|HY|də|burg}})<ref name=CRA>
 {{cite web
 |url=http://commerce.alaska.gov/cra/DCRAExternal/community/Details/bdc1808a-7ebe-489d-864d-2bc1ac07bd88 
 |title=Hydaburg 
 |publisher=Division of Community and Regional Affairs, [[Alaska Department of Commerce, Community and Economic Development]] 
 |access-date=June 18, 2013 |url-status=dead 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140228043521/http://commerce.alaska.gov/cra/DCRAExternal/community/Details/bdc1808a-7ebe-489d-864d-2bc1ac07bd88 
 |archive-date=February 28, 2014 }}
</ref> (''Higdáa G̱ándlaay'' in [[Haida language|Haida]]) is a first-class<ref>
 {{cite web
 |url=http://www.commerce.state.ak.us/dca/osa/pub/11Taxable.pdf 
 |title=Alaska Taxable 2011: Municipal Taxation - Rates and Policies 
 |publisher=Division of Community and Regional Affairs, [[Alaska Department of Commerce, Community and Economic Development]] 
 |date=January 2012 
 |url-status=dead 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130425132818/http://www.commerce.state.ak.us/dca/osa/pub/11Taxable.pdf 
 |archive-date=April 25, 2013 
}}
</ref> [[City (Alaska)|city]]<ref name="2010 Census">
 {{cite web
 | url = http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/DPDP1/1600000US0234460
 | archive-url = https://archive.today/20200212111428/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/DPDP1/1600000US0234460
 | url-status = dead
 | archive-date = February 12, 2020
| title = Hydaburg city, Alaska
 | work = Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data
 | publisher = [[United States Census Bureau]]
 | access-date = January 22, 2013
}}
</ref> in the [[Prince of Wales-Hyder Census Area, Alaska|Prince of Wales-Hyder Census Area]], in the [[U.S. state]] of [[Alaska]].  The population was 382 at the [[2000 United States Census|2000 census]]<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=January 31, 2008 |title=U.S. Census website }}</ref> and 376 as of the [[2010 United States Census|2010 census]].<ref name="2010 Census"/> The name "Hydaburg" refers to the [[Haida people]].<ref name="Bright2004">{{cite book|last=Bright|first=William|author-link=William Bright|title=Native American Placenames of the United States|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5XfxzCm1qa4C&pg=PA176|access-date=June 12, 2013|year=2004|publisher=University of Oklahoma Press|isbn=978-0-8061-3598-4|page=176}}</ref>

==Geography==
Hydaburg is located at {{coord|55|12|17|N|132|49|15|W|type:city}} (55.204699, -132.820859).<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=April 23, 2011|date=February 12, 2011|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref> It is the southernmost city on [[Prince of Wales Island (Alaska)|Prince of Wales Island]]. Hydaburg is located on the north shore of Sukkwan Strait, which connects to [[Cordova Bay]] through Hetta Inlet. It has the only port facility and public road access on Cordova Bay.

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|0.3|sqmi|km2}}, all land.

==History==
Hydaburg was formed in 1911 by consolidation of the three Haida villages on Cordova Bay. These villages were Howkan on the west coast of Long Island, Sukkwan at the northern end of Sukkwan Island, across Sukkwan Strait from Hydaburg, and Klinkwan on Prince of Wales Island at the mouth of Hunter Bay.<ref>Le Cornu, Adrian (1996) [https://books.google.com/books?id=o-BNU7QuJkYC&dq=Le+Cornu+Adrian+Haida&pg=PA228 "Haida"]{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} in Frederick E. Hoxie, ed. ''Encyclopedia of North American Indians'' pp 227–228. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt {{ISBN|978-0-395-66921-1}}</ref><ref>van den Brink, J.H. (1974) [https://books.google.com/books?id=9PwUAAAAIAAJ&dq=Klinkwan+Hydaburg+Brill&pg=PA226 ''The Haida Indians: cultural change mainly between 1876-1970''] Brill Archive. pp 226–228.</ref>  The location was chosen because it had a reliable water supply.<ref name=Blackman/> The town was incorporated in 1927.<ref name=ALG74/><ref name=Blackman/>  The Hydaburg Cooperative Association was established in 1938 shortly after the  [[Indian Reorganization Act]] was extended to Alaska in 1936, supplanting the municipal government. It was the first IRA-recognized Village Council in Alaska.  Residents petitioned to be granted an Indian Reservation as a way of securing their rights to the surrounding land. The area had previously been designated as the Hydaburg [[Indian Reservation]] from 1912-1926 but had been returned to the [[Tongass National Forest]] at community request in 1926. The Hydaburg Indian Reservation was established under the Indian Reorganization Act in 1949 but was invalidated by a US District Court decision in 1952.<ref name=Blackman>Blackman, Margaret B. (1990) [https://books.google.com/books?id=M7KRhRt3i2cC&q=Haida Haida, Traditional Cultures.] Handbook of North American Indians. Smithsonian Institution  Government Printing Office, Washington pp240-260</ref><ref>[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/vol7/html_files/Images/v7p1495.jpg] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150610202438/http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/vol7/html_files/Images/v7p1495.jpg |date=June 10, 2015 }} Federal Register 1955 "Notice of invalidation"</ref><ref>NOAA [http://www.afsc.noaa.gov/publications/afsc-tm/noaa-tm-afsc-160/communities/hydaburg.pdf Community Profiles for North Pacific Fisheries – Alaska/South East Alaska/Hydaburg]</ref>

Hydaburg was designated as a second-class City in the late 1960s and became a first-class city in 1973.<ref>[http://www.commerce.state.ak.us/dca/plans/Hydaburg-GCP-2002.pdf Hydaburg Community Action Plan 2002] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150610200215/http://www.commerce.state.ak.us/dca/plans/Hydaburg-GCP-2002.pdf |date=June 10, 2015 }} (slow download, may hang, use new tab if possible)</ref>  The Hydaburg Cooperative Association remains as the federally recognized tribe, while the Haida Corporation is the village corporation under the [[Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act]].<ref name=CRA />

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1920= 346
|1930= 319
|1940= 348
|1950= 353
|1960= 251
|1970= 214
|1980= 298
|1990= 384
|2000= 382
|2010= 376
|2020= 380
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref>
}}
Hydaburg first appeared on the 1920 U.S. Census as an unincorporated village. It formally incorporated in 1927.

As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2" /> of 2000, there were 382 people, 133 households, and 88 families residing in the city.  The population density was {{convert|1,340.5|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}.  There were 154 housing units at an average density of {{convert|540.4|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}.  The racial makeup of the city was 85.08% [[Race (United States Census)|Native American]], 9.42% [[Race (United States Census)|White]], 0.52% [[Race (United States Census)|Black]] or [[Race (United States Census)|African American]], 0.52% [[Race (United States Census)|Asian]], and 4.45% from two or more races.

There were 133 households, out of which 39.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.4% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 15.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.8% were non-families. 30.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.  The average household size was 2.87 and the average family size was 3.60.

In the city the population was spread out, with 35.10% under the age of 18, 7.3% from 18 to 24, 24.9% from 25 to 44, 24.9% from 45 to 64, and 7.9% who were 65 years of age or older.  The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 112.2 males.  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 127.5 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $31,625, and the median income for a family was $31,250. Males had a median income of $27,500 versus $41,250 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $11,401.  About 21.4% of families and 24.1% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 29.7% of those under age 18 and 6.1% of those age 65 or over.

==See also==
*[[Hydaburg Totem Park]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* Dombrowski, Kirk (2001) ''Against Culture: Development, Politics, and Religion in Indian Alaska.''  Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.

{{Prince of Wales – Hyder Census Area, Alaska}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Cities in Prince of Wales–Hyder Census Area, Alaska]]
[[Category:Haida villages]]
[[Category:Populated coastal places in Alaska on the Pacific Ocean]]
[[Category:Cities in Alaska]]