Editing Hvergelmir

{{short description|Spring in Norse mythology}}
'''Hvergelmir''' ([[Old Norse]] "bubbling boiling spring"<ref name="ORCHARD-93">Orchard (1997:93)</ref>) is an important primal wellspring in [[Norse mythology]]. Hvergelmir is attested in the ''[[Poetic Edda]]'', compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources, and the ''[[Prose Edda]]'', written in the 13th century by [[Snorri Sturluson]]. In the ''Poetic Edda'', Hvergelmir is mentioned in a single stanza, which details that it is the location where liquid from the antlers of the stag [[Eikþyrnir]] flow, and that the spring, "whence all waters rise", is the source of numerous rivers.<ref name="THORPE-23">Thorpe (1866:23).</ref> The ''Prose Edda'' repeats this information and adds that the spring is located in [[Niflheim]], that it is one of the three major springs at the primary roots of the cosmic tree [[Yggdrasil]] (the other two are [[Urðarbrunnr]] and [[Mímisbrunnr]]), and that within the spring are a vast amount of snakes and the [[Germanic dragon|dragon]] [[Níðhöggr]].

==Attestations==
Hvergelmir is attested in the following works:

===''Poetic Edda''===
Hvergelmir receives a single mention in the ''Poetic Edda'', found in the poem ''Grímnismál'':
{|
|
:Eikthyrnir the hart is called,
:that stands o'er Odin's hall,
:and bites from Lærad's branches;
:from his horns fall drops into Hvergelmir,
:whence all waters rise:<ref name="THORPE-23"/>
|
|}
This stanza is followed by three stanzas consisting mainly of the names of 42 rivers. Some of these rivers lead to the dwelling of the gods (such as [[Gömul]] and [[Geirvimul]]), while at least two ([[Gjöll]] and [[Leipt]]), reach to [[Hel (location)|Hel]].<ref name="THORPE-23"/>

===''Prose Edda''===
Hvergelmir is mentioned several times in the ''Prose Edda''. In ''[[Gylfaginning]]'', [[High, Just-As-High, and Third|Just-as-High]] explains that the spring Hvergelmir is located in the foggy realm of [[Niflheim]]: "It was many ages before the earth was created that Niflheim was made, and in its midst lies a spring called Hvergelmir, and from it flows the rivers called Svol, Gunnthra, Fiorm, Fimbulthul, Slidr and Hrid, Sylg and Ylg, Vid, Leiptr; Gioll is next to Hell-gates."<ref name="FAULKES- 9-10">Faulkes (1995:9-10).</ref>

Later in ''Gylfaginning'', Just-as-High describes the central tree Yggdrasil. Just-as-High says that three roots of the tree support it and "extend very, very far" and that the third of these three roots extends over Niflheim. Beneath this root, says Just-as-High, is the spring Hvergelmir, and that the base of the root is gnawed on by the [[Germanic dragon|dragon]] [[Níðhöggr]].<ref name="FAULKES-17">Faulkes (1995:17).</ref> Additionally, High says that Hvergelmir contains not only Níðhöggr but also so many snakes that "no tongue can enumerate them".<ref name="FAULKES-19">Faulkes (1995:19).</ref>

The spring is mentioned a third time in  ''Gylfaginning'' where High recounts its source: the stag [[Eikþyrnir]] stands on top of the afterlife hall [[Valhalla]] feeding branches of [[Yggdrasil]], and from the stag's antlers drips great amounts of liquid down into Hvergelmir. High tallies 26 rivers here.<ref name="FAULKES-33">Faulkes (1995:33).</ref>

Hvergelmir is mentioned a final time in the ''Prose Edda'' where Third discusses the unpleasantries of [[Náströnd]]. Third notes that Hvergelmir yet worse than the venom-filled Náströnd because—by way of quoting a portion of a stanza from the ''Poetic Edda'' poem ''[[Völuspá]]''—"There Nidhogg torments the bodies of the dead".<ref name="FAULKES-56">Faulkes (1995:56).</ref>

==See also==
*[[Urðarbrunnr]]
*[[Mímisbrunnr]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
{{refbegin}}
* Faulkes, Anthony (trans.) (1995). ''Edda''. [[Everyman's Library|Everyman]]. {{ISBN|0-460-87616-3}}
* Orchard, Andy (1997). ''Dictionary of Norse Myth and Legend''. [[Orion Publishing Group|Cassell]]. {{ISBN|0-304-34520-2}}
* Thorpe, Benjamin (Trans.) (1866). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=WGUCAAAAQAAJ&q=Edda+S%C3%A6mundar Edda Sæmundar Hinns Frôða: The Edda of Sæmund the Learned].'' Part I. London: Trübner & Co.
{{refend}}

{{Yggdrasill}}
{{Norse mythology}}

[[Category:Locations in Norse mythology]]
[[Category:Sacred springs]]
[[Category:Yggdrasil]]