Editing House of York

{{short description|Cadet branch of the House of Plantagenet}}
{{Other uses|York House (disambiguation){{!}}York House}}
{{Use British English|date=October 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}}
{{infobox noble house
| surname = House of York
| coat of arms = [[File:Arms of Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York.svg|140px]]<br>As descendants of King Edward III in the male line, the first three Dukes of York bore the arms of that King (adjusted for ''France modern'') [[Difference (heraldry)|differenced]] by a ''label of three points argent each bearing three torteaux gules''. The 4th Duke, later King [[Edward IV of England|Edward IV]], abandoned his paternal arms in favour of new arms emphasising his descent via female lines from the royal line of Clarence/de Burgh/Mortimer, senior to that of the [[House of Lancaster]]
| country = *[[Kingdom of England]]
*[[Lordship of Ireland]]
| parent house = [[House of Plantagenet]]
| titles = *[[King of England]]
*[[English claims to the French throne|King of France]] (titular)
*[[Prince of Wales]]
*[[Lord of Ireland]]
*[[Duke of York]]
*[[Duke of Clarence]]
*[[Duke of Gloucester]]
*[[Earl of Cambridge]]
*[[Earl of March]]
*[[Earl of Rutland]]
*[[Earl of Ulster]]
| styles = 
| founder = [[Edmund of Langley]]
| final ruler = [[Richard III of England]]
| current head = Extinct
| founded = 1385; 639 years ago
| deposition = 1485
| dissolution = 1499
| cadet branches = 
}}

{{House of York||}}
[[File:Arms of Elizabeth of York (Princess).svg|thumb|Coat of arms of King Edward IV of England (as Duke of York), adopted in lieu of his paternal arms: Quarterly of 4: 1: Lionel, Duke of Clarence (royal arms of King Edward III, undifferenced); 2&3: de Burgh; 4: Mortimer. This emphasised his claim to seniority over the [[House of Lancaster]]]]

The '''House of York''' was a [[cadet branch]] of the English royal [[House of Plantagenet]]. Three of its members became [[kings of England]] in the late 15th century. The House of York descended in the [[male line]] from [[Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York]], the fourth surviving son of [[Edward III]]. In time, it also represented Edward III's senior line, when an heir of York married the heiress-descendant of [[Lionel, Duke of Clarence]], Edward III's second surviving son. It is based on these descents that they claimed the English crown. Compared with its rival, the [[House of Lancaster]], it had a superior claim to the throne of England according to [[Cognatic primogeniture#Male-preference primogeniture|cognatic primogeniture]], but an inferior claim according to [[agnatic primogeniture]]. The reign of this dynasty ended with the death of [[Richard III of England]] at the [[Battle of Bosworth Field]] in 1485. It became extinct in the male line with the death of [[Edward Plantagenet, 17th Earl of Warwick]], in 1499.

== Descent from Edward III ==
{{see also|English monarchs family tree#Houses of Lancaster and York|label 1=York monarchs' family tree}}
The fourth surviving legitimate son of Edward III and [[Philippa of Hainault]], [[Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York]], was created [[earl of Cambridge]] in 1362 and the first [[duke of York]] in 1385. Edmund's first marriage was to [[Isabella of Castile, Duchess of York]], daughter of [[Peter of Castile]] and [[María de Padilla]], and sister of [[Constance of Castile]], second wife of Edmund's older brother [[John of Gaunt]]. Through this marriage Edmund had two sons, [[Edward, 2nd Duke of York|Edward, 2nd duke of York]] and the younger [[Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge|Richard of Conisburgh]]. His second marriage was to [[Joan Holland]], whose sister [[Alianore Holland, Countess of March|Alianore Holland]] was mother to [[Anne Mortimer]], the great-great-granddaughter of Edward III via [[Lionel of Antwerp, Duke of Clarence]], second surviving son of Edward III, and the elder brother of John of Gaunt. Richard of Conisburgh married Anne Mortimer, the marriage producing two children, [[Isabel of Cambridge, Countess of Essex|Isabel of Cambridge]] and [[Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York]].  It was through Anne Mortimer's lineage that the Yorkists derived their main claim to the throne.

Following Edmund of Langley's death in 1402, his son Edward succeeded to the dukedom but had no issue before he was killed at the [[Battle of Agincourt]] in 1415.<ref>{{harvnb|Weir|2008|pp=111–113}}</ref>  His other son Richard had been executed for treason earlier in the same year following his involvement in the [[Southampton Plot]] to depose Henry V in favour of [[Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March|Edmund Mortimer]], Richard's brother-in-law. The dukedom therefore passed to Richard's son, who became Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York. Being descended from Edward III in both the maternal and the paternal line gave Richard a significant claim to the throne if the Lancastrian line should fail, and by [[cognatic primogeniture]] arguably a superior claim.<ref name="ODNBRoY">{{harvnb|Watts|2011|}}</ref> He emphasised the point by being the first to assume the Plantagenet surname in 1448. Having inherited the March and Ulster titles, he became the wealthiest and most powerful noble in England, second only to the king himself. Richard married [[Cecily Neville, Duchess of York|Cecily Neville]], a granddaughter of John of Gaunt, and had thirteen or possibly fifteen children:<ref>{{Harvnb|Weir|2008|pp=134–139}}</ref>

* [[Anne of York, Duchess of Exeter|Anne of York]] (1439–1476){{mdash}}([[Mitochondrial DNA]] taken from a descendant of her second daughter, [[Anne St Leger, Baroness de Ros]], was used in the identification of [[Exhumation of Richard III|the remains of Richard III]], which were found in 2012.<ref>{{cite web|title=Family tree|url=https://www.le.ac.uk/richardiii/science/familytree.html|publisher=[[University of Leicester]]|year=2012|access-date=21 January 2015}}</ref>)
* Henry (b. 1441; died as a child)
* [[Edward IV of England|Edward]] (1442–1483)
* [[Edmund, Earl of Rutland|Edmund]] (1443–1460)
* [[Elizabeth of York, Duchess of Suffolk|Elizabeth]] (1444–1503){{mdash}}married [[John de la Pole, 2nd Duke of Suffolk]]; she was the mother of several claimants to the throne.
* [[Margaret of York|Margaret]] (1446–1503){{mdash}}married [[Charles the Bold]], [[Duke of Burgundy]].
* William (b. 1447; died as a child)
* John (b. 1448; died as a child)
* [[George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence|George]] (1449–1478)
* Thomas (b. 1450/51; died as a child)
* [[Richard III of England|Richard]] (1452–1485)
* Ursula (b. 1455; died as a child)
* In her will, Cecily stated that Katherine and Humphrey were her children, but they may have been her grandchildren through de la Pole.

== Wars of the Roses ==

{{main|Wars of the Roses}}

Despite his elevated status, Richard Plantagenet was denied a position in government by the advisers of the weak [[Henry VI of England|Henry VI]], particularly [[John Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somerset]], and the queen consort, [[Margaret of Anjou]]. Although he served as protector of the realm during Henry VI's period of incapacity in 1453–54, his reforms were reversed by Somerset's party once the king had recovered.

The [[Wars of the Roses]] began the following year, with the [[First Battle of St Albans]]. Initially, Richard aimed only to purge his Lancastrian political opponents from positions of influence over the king. It was not until October 1460 that he claimed the throne for the House of York. In that year the Yorkists had captured the king at the [[battle of Northampton (1460)|battle of Northampton]], but victory was short-lived. Richard and his second son [[Edmund, Earl of Rutland|Edmund]] were killed at the [[battle of Wakefield]] on 30 December.

Richard's claim to the throne was inherited by his son [[Edward IV of England|Edward]]. With the support of [[Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick]] ("The Kingmaker"), Edward, already showing great promise as a leader of men, defeated the Lancastrians in a succession of battles. While Henry VI and Margaret of Anjou were campaigning in the north, Warwick gained control of the capital and had Edward declared king in London in 1461. Edward strengthened his claim with a decisive victory at the [[Battle of Towton]] in the same year, in the course of which the Lancastrian army was virtually wiped out.

== Reigns of the Yorkist Kings ==

The early reign of [[Edward IV of England|Edward IV]] was marred by Lancastrian plotting and uprisings in favour of Henry VI. Warwick himself changed sides, and supported Margaret of Anjou and the king's jealous brother [[George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence|George, Duke of Clarence]], in briefly restoring Henry in 1470–71. However, Edward regained his throne, and the House of Lancaster was wiped out with the death of Henry VI himself, in the [[Tower of London]] in 1471. In 1478, the continued trouble caused by Clarence led to his execution in the [[Tower of London]]; popularly he is thought to have been drowned in a butt of [[malmsey]] wine.

On Edward's death in 1483, the crown passed to his twelve-year-old son [[Edward V of England|Edward V]]. Edward IV's younger brother [[Richard III of England|Richard, Duke of Gloucester]], was appointed Protector, and the young king, and his brother [[Richard of Shrewsbury, 1st Duke of York|Richard]], were accommodated into the Tower of London. The famous [[Princes in the Tower]]'s fate remains a mystery. As today it is unknown whether they were killed or who might have killed them. Parliament declared, in the document ''[[Titulus Regius]]'', that the two boys were illegitimate, on the grounds that Edward IV's marriage was invalid, and as such Richard was heir to the throne. He was crowned Richard III in July 1483.

== Defeat of the House of York ==

Though the House of Lancaster's claimants were now the Royal Houses of Portugal and Castile through the [[John of Gaunt|Duke of Lancaster]]'s two legitimate daughters, who had married into those houses, [[Henry VII of England|Henry Tudor]], a descendant of the Beauforts, a legitimized branch of the House of Lancaster put forward his claim. Furthermore, some Edwardian loyalists were undeniably opposed to Richard, dividing his Yorkist power base. A coup attempt failed in late 1483, but in 1485 Richard met Henry Tudor at the [[battle of Bosworth Field]]. During the battle, some of Richard's important supporters switched sides or withheld their retainers from the field. Richard himself was killed. He was the last of the Plantagenet kings, as well as the last English king to die in battle.

Henry Tudor declared himself king, took [[Elizabeth of York]], eldest child of Edward IV, as his wife, claiming to have united the surviving houses of York and Lancaster, and acceded to the throne as Henry VII, founder of the Tudor dynasty which reigned until 1603.

===Later claimants===
At the point [[Henry VII of England]] seized the throne there were eighteen Plantagenet descendants who might today be thought to have a stronger hereditary claim. By 1510 this number increased with the birth of sixteen Yorkist children.<ref name=Weir2008p148>{{harvnb|Weir|2008|p=148}}</ref> However, Henry VII married [[Elizabeth of York]] the eldest daughter of Edward IV. This made their children his [[cognatic]] heirs.<ref>{{harvnb|Starkey|2009|p=305}}</ref> [[Margaret of York|Margaret of York, Duchess of Burgundy]]{{mdash}}Edward's sister{{mdash}}and members of the de la Pole family{{mdash}}children of Edward's sister [[Elizabeth of York, Duchess of Suffolk|Elizabeth]] and [[John de la Pole, 2nd Duke of Suffolk]]{{mdash}} continued in attempts to restore a Yorkist line.<ref name="ODNBMoY">{{harvnb|Jones|2008|}}</ref> Margaret's nephew [[Edward Plantagenet, 17th Earl of Warwick|Edward, Earl of Warwick]], the son of her brother George, was imprisoned in the Tower of London, but in 1487 Margaret financed a rebellion led by [[Lambert Simnel]] pretending to be Warwick, or "Edward VI". [[John de la Pole, 1st Earl of Lincoln]], joined the revolt and was killed in the suppression of the uprising at the [[Battle of Stoke Field]] in 1487.<ref>{{harvnb|Horrox|2004|}}</ref> Warwick was implicated in further failed invasions supported by Margaret by [[Perkin Warbeck]] claiming to be Edward IV's son Richard of Shrewsbury and executed on 28 November 1499. With this both the houses of Plantagenet and York went extinct in the legitimate male line.<ref>Ulwencreutz, Lars. ''Ulwencreutz's the Royal Families in Europe V'' (2003), p. 202</ref>

== Family tree ==
{{Chart top|width=70%|House of York family tree}}
{{Col-begin|width=auto}}
{{Col-break}}
:{{Color sample|border=#CC0000|white}} –  House of York
:[[File:Simple gold crown.svg|20px|King of England]] – King of England
:[[File:Red Rose Badge of Lancaster.svg|20px|House of Lancaster]] – Duke/House of Lancaster
{{Col-break}}
:[[File:Yorkshire rose.svg|20px|Duke of York]] – Duke of York
:[[File:Tudor Rose.svg|20px]] – House of Tudor
{{Col-end
}}

{{Tree chart/start|align=center|style=font-size:112%|summary=Boxes and lines diagram with 31 boxes
}}

{{Tree chart|border=1| | | | | ED3 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 
 | ED3=[[File:Simple gold crown.svg|20px|King of England]]<br />'''[[Edward III of England|Edward III]]'''<br />{{small|1312–1377<br />r. 1327–1377}}
}}

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{{Tree chart|border=1| PRI | | | | | | LIO | | JEA | | EDM | | | | 
 | PRI=[[Edward the Black Prince|Edward of Woodstock]]<br />{{small|Prince of Wales<br />''The Black Prince''<br />1330–1376}}
 | LIO=[[Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence|Lionel]]<br />{{small|of Antwerp<br />Duke of Clarence<br />1338–1368}}
 | JEA=[[File:Red Rose Badge of Lancaster.svg|Duke of Lancaster|20px]]<br />[[John of Gaunt|John]]<br />{{small|of Gaunt<br />Duke of Lancaster<br />1340–1399}}
 | EDM=[[File:Yorkshire rose.svg|20px|Duke of York]]<br />[[Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York|Edmund]]<br />{{small|of Langley<br />'''1st [[Duke of York]]'''<br />1341–1402}}
}}

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{{Tree chart|border=1| RI2 | | EM  |y| PHI | |LAN  | |EDW  | | |!| 
 | RI2=[[File:Simple gold crown.svg|20px|King of England]]<br />'''[[Richard II of England|Richard II]]'''<br />{{small|1367–1400<br />r. 1377–1399}}
 | EM=[[Edmund Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March|Edmund<br />Mortimer]]<br />{{small|Earl of March<br />1352–1381}}
 | PHI=[[Philippa, 5th Countess of Ulster|Philippa]]<br />{{small|Countess of Ulster<br />1355–1382}}
 | LAN=[[File:Red Rose Badge of Lancaster.svg|20px|House of Lancaster]]<br />[[House of Lancaster|{{small|House of<br />Lancaster}}]]
   | boxstyle_LAN=border-width:0px; vertical-align:top
 | EDW=[[File:Yorkshire rose.svg|20px|Duke of York]]<br />[[Edward of Norwich, 2nd Duke of York|Edward]]<br />{{small|of Norwich<br />'''2nd [[Duke of York]]'''<br />1373–1415}}
   | boxstyle_EDW=border-color:#CC0000
}}

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{{Tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | MOR | | | | | | | | | | |!| 
 | MOR=[[Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March|Roger<br />Mortimer]]<br />{{small|Earl of March<br />1374–1398}}
}}

{{Tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | |)|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | |!
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{{Tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | |MOR2 | | | | | | ANN |y|RIC  
 | MOR2=[[Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March|Edmund<br />Mortimer]]<br />{{small|Earl of March<br />1391–1425}}
 | ANN=[[Anne de Mortimer|Anne]]<br />{{small|de Mortimer<br />1390–1411}}
 | RIC=[[Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge|Richard]]<br />{{small|of Conisburgh<br />Earl of Cambridge<br />1385–1415}}
   | boxstyle_RIC=border-color:#CC0000
}}

{{Tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|'
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{{Tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |RIC2 | | | | 
 | RIC2=[[File:Yorkshire rose.svg|20px|Duke of York]]<br />[[Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York|Richard]]<br />{{small|Plantagenet<br />'''3rd [[Duke of York]]'''<br />1411–1460}}
   | boxstyle_RIC2=border-color:#CC0000
}}

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{{Tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | |ED4  | |EDM2 | |GEO  | |RI3  | |ELI  |~|JOH
 | ED4=[[File:Simple gold crown.svg|20px|King of England]]<br />'''[[Edward IV of England|Edward IV]]'''<br />{{small|'''4th [[Duke of York]]'''<br />1442–1483<br />r. 1461–1470, 1471–1483}}
   | boxstyle_ED4=border-color:#CC0000
 | EDM2=[[Edmund, Earl of Rutland|Edmund]]<br />{{small|Earl of Rutland<br />1443–1460}}
   | boxstyle_EDM2=border-color:#CC0000
 | GEO=[[George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence|George]]<br />{{small|Plantagenet<br />Duke of Clarence<br />1449–1478}}
   | boxstyle_GEO=border-color:#CC0000
 | RI3=[[File:Simple gold crown.svg|20px|King of England]]<br />'''[[Richard III of England|Richard III]]'''<br />{{small|1452–1485<br />r. 1483–1485}}
   | boxstyle_RI3=border-color:#CC0000
 | ELI=[[Elizabeth of York, Duchess of Suffolk|Elizabeth]]<br />{{small|of York<br />{{nowrap|1444–{{circa|1503}}}}}}
   | boxstyle_ELI=border-color:#CC0000
 | JOH=[[John de la Pole, 2nd Duke of Suffolk|John de la Pole]]<br />{{small|Duke of Suffolk<br />1442–1492}}
}}

{{Tree chart|border=1| | | | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | |!| | | |!
}}

{{Tree chart|border=1| HT6 |y|ELI  | |ED5  | |RIC3 | |WAR  | |MID  
 | HT6=[[File:Simple gold crown.svg|20px|King of England]][[File:Tudor Rose.svg|20px]] <br />'''[[Henry VII of England|Henry VII]]'''<br />{{small|1457–1509<br />r. 1485–1509}}
 | ELI=[[Elizabeth of York|Elizabeth]]<br />{{small|of York<br />1466–1503}}
   | boxstyle_ELI=border-color:#CC0000
 | ED5=[[File:Simple gold crown.svg|20px|King of England]]<br />'''[[Edward V of England|Edward V]]'''<br />{{small|1470–?<br />r. 1483}}
   | boxstyle_ED5=border-color:#CC0000
 | RIC3=[[File:Yorkshire rose.svg|20px|Duke of York]]<br />[[Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York|Richard]]<br />{{small|of Shrewsbury<br />'''1st [[Duke of York]]'''<br />1473–?}}
   | boxstyle_RIC3=border-color:#CC0000
 | WAR=[[Edward Plantagenet, 17th Earl of Warwick|Edward]]<br />{{small|Plantagenet<br />Earl of Warwick<br />1475–1499}}
   | boxstyle_WAR=border-color:#CC0000
 | MID=[[Edward of Middleham, Prince of Wales|Edward]]<br />{{small|of Middleham<br />Prince of Wales<br />{{circa|1473}}–1484}}
   | boxstyle_MID=border-color:#CC0000
}}

{{Tree chart|border=1| |,|-|^|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.
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{{Tree chart|border=1| Art | |Henry| | | | | |Marga| |Mary | | | | 
 | Art=[[File:Tudor Rose.svg|20px]]<br />[[Arthur, Prince of Wales|Arthur]]<br />{{small|Prince of Wales<br />1486–1502}}
 | Henry=[[File:Simple gold crown.svg|20px|King of England]][[File:Tudor Rose.svg|20px]] '''[[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]]'''<br />{{small|'''[[Duke of York]]'''<br />1491–1547<br />r. 1509–1547}}
 | Marga=[[File:Tudor Rose.svg|20px]]<br />[[Margaret Tudor|Margaret<br />Tudor]]<br />{{small|1489–1541}}
 | Mary=[[File:Tudor Rose.svg|20px]]<br />[[Mary Tudor, Queen of France|Mary<br />Tudor]]<br />{{small|1496–1533}}
}}

{{Tree chart/end}}
{{Chart bottom}}

=== Dukes of York ===

{{Nobility table header|name=Duke}}
| '''[[Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York|Edmund of Langley]]'''<br />(House of York founder)<br />1385–1402 || [[File:Edmund of Langley 2C Duke of York.jpg|100px|Edmund of Langley]] || 5 June 1341<br />[[Kings Langley]]<br />son of [[Edward III of England]] and [[Philippa of Hainault]]|| [[Isabella of Castile, Duchess of York|Isabella of Castile]]<br />1372<br />3 children<br /><br />[[Joan Holland|Joan de Holland]]<br />{{circa|4 November 1393}}<br />no children ||1 August 1402<br />[[Kings Langley]]<br />age 61

|-
| '''[[Edward of Norwich, 2nd Duke of York|Edward of Norwich]]'''<br />1402–1415 || [[File:Edward of Norwich Duke of York.jpg|100px|Edward of Norwich]] || 1373<br />[[Norwich]]<br />son of [[Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York|Edmund of Langley]] and [[Isabella of Castile, Duchess of York|Isabella of Castile]]||[[Philippa de Mohun]]<br />{{circa|1397}}<br />no children||25 October 1415<br />[[Azincourt|Agincourt]]<br />age 42

|-
| '''[[Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York|Richard Plantagenet]]'''<br />1415–1460 || [[File:Richarddukeofyork.gif|100px|Richard Plantagenet]] || 21 September 1411<br />son of [[Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge]] and [[Anne de Mortimer]]||[[Cecily Neville]]<br />1437<br />12 children||30 December 1460<br />[[Wakefield]]<br />age 49

|-
| '''[[Edward IV of England|Edward Plantagenet]]'''<br />1460–1461 || [[File:EdwardIVofEngland-Yorkist.jpg|100px|Edward Plantagenet]] || 28 April 1442<br />[[Rouen]]<br />son of [[Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York|Richard Plantagenet]] and [[Cecily Neville]]||[[Elizabeth Woodville]]<br />1 May 1464<br />10 children||9 April 1483<br />[[Westminster]]<br />age 40

|-
|}
Edward Plantagenet became [[Edward IV of England|Edward IV]] in 1461, thus merging the title of [[Duke of York]] with the crown.

=== Yorkist Kings of England ===

{{Nobility table header}}
| '''[[Edward IV of England|Edward IV]]'''<br />4 March 1461 –<br />3 October 1470<br /><br />11 April<br />1471–1483<ref name="Horrox2011">{{harvnb|Horrox|2011|}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Weir|2008|p=139}}</ref> || [[File:EdwardIVofEngland-Yorkist.jpg|100px|Edward IV]] || 28 April 1442<br />[[Rouen]]<br />son of [[Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York]] and [[Cecily Neville]]{<ref>{{harvnb|Weir|2008|pp=13-135}}</ref> || [[Elizabeth Woodville]]<br />[[Grafton Regis]]<br />1 May 1464<br />10 children<ref name="Horrox2011" /> || 9 April 1483<br />[[Westminster Palace]]<br />age 40<ref>{{harvnb|Weir|2008|p=143}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[Edward V of England|Edward V]]'''<br />9 April–25 June 1483<ref>{{harvnb|Horrox|2013b|}}</ref> || [[File:King-edward-v.jpg|100px|Edward V]] || 2 November 1470<br />[[Westminster]]<br />son of Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville<<ref>{{harvnb|Weir|2008|p=141}}</ref> || unmarried || {{circa|1483}}<br />[[London]]<br />age about 12 (presumed murdered)<ref>{{harvnb|Weir|2008|pp=143–145}}</ref> 

|-
| '''[[Richard III of England|Richard III]]'''<br />26 June<br />1483–1485<ref>{{harvnb|Horrox|2013|}}</ref> || [[File:King Richard III from NPG.jpg|100px|Richard III]] || 2 October 1452<br />[[Fotheringhay Castle]]<br />son of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York and Cecily Neville<ref>{{harvnb|Weir|2008|pp=134–141}}</ref> || [[Anne Neville]]<br />[[Westminster Abbey]]<br />12 July 1472<br />1 son<ref>{{harvnb|Weir|2008|pp=144-145}}</ref> || 22 August 1485<br />[[Bosworth Field]]<br />age 32 (killed in battle)<ref>{{harvnb|Weir|2008|p=145}}</ref>
|}

== See also ==
* [[Quia Emptores]]
* [[Pretender|Pretenders]]
* [[Alternative successions to the English and British Crown]]

== Notes ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Bibliography ==
{{Refbegin|30em}}
*{{cite book |last1=Dean |first1=Kristie |title=On the Trail of the Yorks |date=15 March 2016 |publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited |isbn=978-1-4456-4714-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=elEdDAAAQBAJ |language=en}}
* {{Cite ODNB |last=Horrox |first=Rosemary |date=2004 |id=22449 |title=Pole, John de la, earl of Lincoln ({{circa|1460}}–1487)}}
*: {{Cite ODNB |last=Horrox |author-mask=2 |first=Rosemary |date=2011 |id=8520 |title=Edward IV (1442–1483)}}
*: {{Cite ODNB |last=Horrox |author-mask=2 |first=Rosemary |date=2013b |id=8521 |title=Edward V (1470–1483)}}
*: {{Cite ODNB |last=Horrox |author-mask=2 |first=Rosemary |date=2013 |id=23500 |title=Richard III (1452–1485)}}
* {{Cite ODNB |last=Jones |first=Michael |date=2008 |id=18051 |title=Margaret, duchess of Burgundy (1446–1503)}}
* {{Cite book |last=Starkey |first=David |title=Henry |date=2009 |publisher=Harper Perennial |isbn=978-0-00-724772-1 |author-link=David Starkey}}
* {{Cite ODNB |last=Watts |first=John |date=2011 |id=23503 |title=Richard of York, third duke of York (1411–1460) |author-link=John Watts (historian)}}
* {{Cite book |last=Weir |first=Alison |title=Britain's Royal Families |date=2008 |publisher=Vintage |isbn=978-0-09-953973-5 |author-link=Alison Weir}}
{{Refend}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.royal.gov.uk/HistoryoftheMonarchy/KingsandQueensofEngland/ThePlantagenets/ThePlantagenets.aspx The Plantagenets] on the official website of the British monarchy.
* [http://www.royal.gov.uk/HistoryoftheMonarchy/KingsandQueensofEngland/TheYorkists/TheYorkists.aspx The Yorkists] on the official website of the British monarchy.

{{s-start}}
{{s-hou | House of York ||||| [[House of Plantagenet]] | name='''[[Royal house]]''' }}
{{s-bef | rows=2 | before=[[House of Lancaster]] }}
{{s-ttl | title=[[Dynasty|Ruling house]] of the [[Kingdom of England]] | years=1461–1470 }}
{{s-aft | after=[[House of Lancaster]] }}
{{s-ttl | title=Ruling house of the Kingdom of England |years=1471–1485 }}
{{s-aft | after=[[House of Tudor]] }}
{{s-end}}

{{Royal houses of Britain and Ireland}}
{{Wars of the Roses}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:House Of York}}
[[Category:House of York| ]]
[[Category:Royal houses of England]]
[[Category:Wars of the Roses|York, House of]]
[[Category:1385 establishments in England]]
[[Category:1499 disestablishments in England]]