Editing Hooper Bay, Alaska

{{short description|Town in Alaska}}
{{Redirect|Hooper Bay|the EP by Boards of Canada|Hooper Bay (EP)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name            = Hooper Bay
| native_name              = Naparyarmiut
     
| native_name_lang        = esu
| settlement_type          = [[City (Alaska)|City]]
| nickname                 = 
| motto                    = <!-- Images -->
| image_skyline            = Hooper Bay.JPG
| imagesize                = 250px
| image_caption            = Hooper Bay with wind turbines in background.
| image_flag               = 
| image_seal               = <!-- Maps -->
| pushpin_map              = USA Alaska
| pushpin_map_caption      = Location in Alaska
| pushpin_mapsize          = 250

<!-- Location -->
| coordinates              = {{coord|61|31|44|N|166|05|46|W|region:US-AK_type:city|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type         = Country
| subdivision_name         = United States
| subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_name1        = [[Alaska]]
| subdivision_type2        = [[List of boroughs and census areas in Alaska|Census Area]]
| subdivision_name2        = [[Kusilvak Census Area, Alaska|Kusilvak]]
| government_footnotes     = 
| government_type          = 
| leader_title             = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name              = Benjamin Nukusuk<ref>{{Cite book|title=2015 Alaska Municipal Officials Directory|location=Juneau|publisher=Alaska Municipal League|year=2015|page=73}}</ref>
| leader_title1            = [[Alaska Senate|State senator]]
| leader_name1             = [[Donny Olson|Donald Olson]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]])
| leader_title2            = [[Alaska House of Representatives|State rep.]]
| leader_name2             = [[Neal Foster]] (D)
| established_title        = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
| established_date         = February 7, 1966<ref>{{cite book|title=1996 Alaska Municipal Officials Directory|location=[[Juneau]]|publisher=Alaska Municipal League/[[Alaska Department of Commerce, Community and Economic Development|Alaska Department of Community and Regional Affairs]]|date=January 1996|page=67}}</ref>

<!-- Area -->
| area_footnotes           = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020">{{cite web|title=2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_02.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 29, 2021}}</ref>
| area_magnitude           = 
| area_total_sq_mi         = 7.53
| area_land_sq_mi          = 7.50
| area_water_sq_mi         = 0.03
| area_total_km2           = 19.50
| area_land_km2            = 19.42
| area_water_km2           = 0.08

<!-- Elevation -->
| elevation_footnotes      = 
| elevation_ft             = 26
| elevation_m              = 8

<!-- Population -->
| population_as_of         = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
| population_footnotes     = 
| population_total         = 1375
| population_density_sq_mi = 183.41
| population_density_km2   = 70.81

<!-- General information -->
| timezone                 = [[Alaska Time Zone|Alaska (AKST)]]
| utc_offset               = -9
| timezone_DST             = AKDT
| utc_offset_DST           = -8
| postal_code_type         = [[ZIP code]]
| postal_code              = 99604
| area_code                = [[Area code 907|907]]
| area_code_type           = [[North American Numbering Plan|Area code]]
| blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS]] code
| blank_info               = {{FIPS|02|33470}}
| blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info              = {{GNIS4|1403493}}
| website                  = 
| footnotes                = 
|pop_est_as_of = 
|pop_est_footnotes = 
|population_est = 
|unit_pref = Imperial
}}

'''Hooper Bay''' ({{langx|esu|Naparyarmiut}}) is a city in [[Kusilvak Census Area, Alaska]], United States. At the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]] the population was 1,375, up from 1,093 in 2010.<ref name="2020 Census Data">{{cite web | url = https://live.laborstats.alaska.gov/cen/2020-census-data.html | title = 2020 Census Data - Cities and Census Designated Places | format = Web | publisher = State of Alaska, Department of Labor and Workforce Development | access-date = October 31, 2021}}</ref>

On August 3, 2006, a major fire destroyed approximately fifteen acres of the city including thirty-five structures,  twelve homes, the elementary school, middle school, high school, teacher housing complex, stores, offices and storage shelters, leaving 70 people homeless.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aksuperstation.com/news/local/3488261.html |title=Hundreds Evacuate, Structures Destroyed in Hooper Bay Fire |access-date=October 22, 2008 |date=August 4, 2006 |publisher=ABC Alaska News |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130116120558/http://www.aksuperstation.com/news/local/3488261.html |archive-date=January 16, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Alex |last=deMarban |url=http://dwb.adn.com/news/alaska/crime/story/8081382p-7974285c.html |title=Children faulted in Hooper Bay fire |access-date=October 22, 2008 |date=August 15, 2006 |newspaper=Anchorage Daily News |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081015111102/http://dwb.adn.com/news/alaska/crime/story/8081382p-7974285c.html |archive-date=October 15, 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://juneauempire.com/stories/080606/sta_20060806022.shtml#.WBkBO-ErLMU |title=Cleanup begins in Hooper Bay {{!}} Juneau Empire - Alaska's Capital City Online Newspaper |website=juneauempire.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151025084934/http://juneauempire.com/stories/080606/sta_20060806022.shtml |archive-date=October 25, 2015}}</ref>

==Geography and climate==
Hooper Bay is located at {{coord|61|31|44|N|166|5|46|W|type:city}} (61.528980, -166.096196),<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=April 23, 2011|date=February 12, 2011|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref> {{convert|20|mi|km}} south of Cape Romanzof and {{convert|25|mi|km}} south of Scammon Bay in the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta. The city is separated into two sections: a heavily built-up townsite located on gently rolling hills, and a newer section in the lowlands.

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|8.8|sqmi|km2}}, of which {{convert|8.7|sqmi|km2}} is land and {{convert|0.1|sqmi|km2}} (0.91%) is water. 

Hooper Bay is located within the [[polar climate]] zone ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''ET''), because the hottest month is only {{convert|49.2|F|C}}. It is atypical of polar climates in having winters sufficiently moderated by the sea that [[permafrost]] is merely [[sporadic permafrost|sporadic]], and in seeing heavy late summer rainfall more typical of [[subpolar oceanic climate]]s. The substantial maritime moderation, however, means snowfall is heavy, exceeding or approaching {{convert|4|in|m|sigfig=2|disp=or}} for eight months of the year

{{Weather box |width = auto
|location = [[Cape Romanzof LRRS Airport]] (1961–1990 normals, extremes 1953–1985)
|single line = Y
|collapsed = yes
|Jan record high F = 49
|Feb record high F = 48
|Mar record high F = 46
|Apr record high F = 60
|May record high F = 71
|Jun record high F = 72
|Jul record high F = 79
|Aug record high F = 73
|Sep record high F = 63
|Oct record high F = 60
|Nov record high F = 45
|Dec record high F = 48
|year record high F = 79
|Jan avg record high F = 36.8
|Feb avg record high F = 33.8
|Mar avg record high F = 37.0
|Apr avg record high F = 41.0
|May avg record high F = 53.8
|Jun avg record high F = 62.6
|Jul avg record high F = 68.0
|Aug avg record high F = 64.6
|Sep avg record high F = 56.4
|Oct avg record high F = 44.3
|Nov avg record high F = 38.0
|Dec avg record high F = 36.6
|year avg record high F = 69.9
|Jan high F = 18.6
|Feb high F = 15.6
|Mar high F = 19.6
|Apr high F = 26.3
|May high F = 38.3
|Jun high F = 48.1
|Jul high F = 52.8
|Aug high F = 52.1
|Sep high F = 46.5
|Oct high F = 34.7
|Nov high F = 25.5
|Dec high F = 19.7
|year high F = 33.3
|Jan mean F = 13.7
|Feb mean F = 10.0
|Mar mean F = 14.3
|Apr mean F = 20.9
|May mean F = 34.4
|Jun mean F = 43.5
|Jul mean F = 49.2
|Aug mean F = 49.0
|Sep mean F = 43.8
|Oct mean F = 31.2
|Nov mean F = 23.2
|Dec mean F = 14.3
|year mean F = 29.0
|Jan low F = 8.7
|Feb low F = 5.6
|Mar low F = 9.0
|Apr low F = 16.4
|May low F = 29.7
|Jun low F = 39.3
|Jul low F = 45.0
|Aug low F = 45.4
|Sep low F = 40.2
|Oct low F = 28.7
|Nov low F = 18.0
|Dec low F = 10.1
|year low F = 24.8
|Jan avg record low F = -14.0
|Feb avg record low F = -14.1
|Mar avg record low F = -11.7
|Apr avg record low F = -1.6
|May avg record low F = 16.6
|Jun avg record low F = 31.5
|Jul avg record low F = 38.8
|Aug avg record low F = 39.2
|Sep avg record low F = 32.1
|Oct avg record low F = 15.7
|Nov avg record low F = 3.5
|Dec avg record low F = -9.5
|year avg record low F = -19.6
|Jan record low F = −23
|Feb record low F = −26
|Mar record low F = −26
|Apr record low F = −15
|May record low F = 3
|Jun record low F = 25
|Jul record low F = 31
|Aug record low F = 33
|Sep record low F = 23
|Oct record low F = 4
|Nov record low F = −15
|Dec record low F = −23
|year record low F = −26
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 1.17
|Feb precipitation inch = 0.84
|Mar precipitation inch = 0.90
|Apr precipitation inch = 0.93
|May precipitation inch = 1.41
|Jun precipitation inch = 2.23
|Jul precipitation inch = 3.14
|Aug precipitation inch = 4.54
|Sep precipitation inch = 4.36
|Oct precipitation inch = 2.78
|Nov precipitation inch = 1.46
|Dec precipitation inch = 1.31
|year precipitation inch = 25.06
|unit precipitation days = 0.01 inch
|Jan precipitation days = 10.9
|Feb precipitation days = 7.3
|Mar precipitation days = 9.9
|Apr precipitation days = 11.3
|May precipitation days = 10.8
|Jun precipitation days = 12.1
|Jul precipitation days = 16.3
|Aug precipitation days = 19.9
|Sep precipitation days = 18.8
|Oct precipitation days = 18.2
|Nov precipitation days = 14.6
|Dec precipitation days = 10.8
|year precipitation days = 165.9
|Jan snow inch = 9.2
|Feb snow inch = 5.3
|Mar snow inch = 7.9
|Apr snow inch = 8.1
|May snow inch = 3.9
|Jun snow inch = 1.0
|Jul snow inch = 0.0
|Aug snow inch = 0.0
|Sep snow inch = 1.1
|Oct snow inch = 9.4
|Nov snow inch = 9.7
|Dec snow inch = 10.1
|year snow inch = 65.7
|unit snow days = 0.01 inch
|Jan snow days = 10.4
|Feb snow days = 6.6
|Mar snow days = 10.2
|Apr snow days = 11.0
|May snow days = 6.1
|Jun snow days = 0.6
|Jul snow days = 0.0
|Aug snow days = 0.0
|Sep snow days = 0.9
|Oct snow days = 12.0
|Nov snow days = 13.3
|Dec snow days = 11.1
|year snow days = 82.8
|source 1 = WRCC<ref>{{cite web
|url = https://wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliNORMtM.pl?ak1318
|title = CAPE ROMANZOF, ALASKA (501318)
|publisher = Western Regional Climate Center
|access-date = January 27, 2024
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240127051557/https://wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliNORMtM.pl?ak1318
|archive-date = January 27, 2024}}</ref>
|source 2 = XMACIS (snowfall)<ref>[https://xmacis.rcc-acis.org/ XMACIS]</ref>}}

==Demographics==
[[File:Edward S. Curtis Collection People 011.jpg|thumb|left|Hooper Bay youth, 1930]]
{{US Census population
|1880= 175
|1890= 138
|1930= 209
|1940= 299
|1950= 307
|1960= 460
|1970= 490
|1980= 627
|1990= 845
|2000= 1014
|2010= 1093
|2020= 1375
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref>
}}
Hooper Bay first appeared on the 1880 U.S. Census as an [[Yup'ik]] settlement of Askinuk.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Rr9RAQAAMAAJ&q=hooper+bay&pg=PA49 | title=Geological Survey Professional Paper| year=1949}}</ref> On the 1890 census, it returned as Askinaghamiut. It did not appear again until 1930, when it was first returned as Hooper Bay. It formally incorporated in 1966.

As of the census<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=January 31, 2008|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref> of 2000, there were 1,014 people, 227 households, and 187 families residing in the city.  The population density was {{convert|116.8|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}.  There were 239 housing units at an average density of {{convert|27.5|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}.  The racial makeup of the city was 4.24% [[Race (United States Census)|White]], 93.69% [[Race (United States Census)|Native American]], and 2.07% from two or more races.  0.10% of the population were [[Race (United States Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Race (United States Census)|Latino]] of any race.

There were 227 households, out of which 61.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 34.4% were married couples living together, 30.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 17.6% were non-families. 15.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 0.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.  The average household size was 4.47 and the average family size was 4.97.

In the city, the age distribution of the population shows 49.2% under the age of 18, 9.0% from 18 to 24, 24.5% from 25 to 44, 11.5% from 45 to 64, and 5.8% who were 65 years of age or older.  The median age was 18 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.8 males.  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 116.4 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $26,667, and the median income for a family was $27,500. Males had a median income of $31,250 versus $32,083 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $7,841.  About 28.4% of families and 27.9% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 30.1% of those under age 18 and 31.6% of those age 65 or over.

==Education==
Students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade attend Hooper Bay School, also known as Naparyarmiut Elicarviat, administered by the [[Lower Yukon School District]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Low test scores don't deter Hooper Bay School leaders |url=https://www.adn.com/education/article/low-test-scores-dont-deter-hooper-bay-school-leaders/2015/03/15/ |website=Anchorage Daily News |access-date=July 29, 2019 |date=March 15, 2015}}</ref> It is a bilingual school with a Yup'ik language immersion program in kindergarten through third grade, the first program of its kind in the district.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Dillon |first1=R.A. |title=School Reaches Out to Embrace Native Roots |url=http://www.turtletrack.org/IssueHistory/Issues02/Co05182002/CO_05182002_Yupik.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190729003716/http://www.turtletrack.org/IssueHistory/Issues02/Co05182002/CO_05182002_Yupik.htm |url-status=usurped |archive-date=July 29, 2019 |website=www.turtletrack.org |publisher=Canku Ota |access-date=July 29, 2019 |date=May 18, 2002}}</ref> High school students have the option of the state's public boarding schools, [[Nenana Student Living Center]] and [[Mt. Edgecumbe High School]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Brown |first1=Cathy |title=Alaska Boarding Schools Make a Comeback |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2004/06/27/alaska-boarding-schools-make-a-comeback/f265d08a-9a3d-461e-9484-3943b96943a6/?noredirect=on |newspaper=Washington Post |access-date=July 29, 2019 |date=June 27, 2004}}</ref>

==In popular culture==
* [[Hooper Bay (album)|Hooper Bay]] is the title of an electronic music album by [[Boards of Canada]].

* An incident in Hooper Bay is featured in Season 4, Episode 8 of [[Alaska State Troopers]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* Gillham, Charles E., and Chanimun. ''Medicine Men of Hooper Bay: Or, The Eskimo's Arabian Nights''. London: Batchworth Press, 1955.

== Photographs ==
{{Cleanup gallery|date=February 2021}}
{|
|+
![[File:Hooper Bay in Winter.jpg|left|thumb|269x269px|Hooper Bay, Alaska. Looking south through the town in 1969.]]
|[[File:Winter Day in Hooper Bay.jpg|center|thumb|295x295px]]
![[File:Winter Scene in Hooper Bay.jpg|center|thumb]]
|-
|[[File:Berms Bordering the Ocean Beach.jpg|center|thumb|
Berms near airport and ocean.
]]
|[[File:Near Hooper Bay Airport.jpg|center|thumb|
Alaskan tundra outside of Hooper Bay.
]]
|[[File:Abandoned boat frame.jpg|center|thumb]]
|-
|[[File:Near Slough; In Need of Repair.jpg|center|thumb]]
|[[File:Looking South Over Hooper Bay.jpg|center|thumb|
Looking south over Hooper Bay, 1968.
]]
|[[File:Aerial - Hooper Bay, Alaska 1968.jpg|center|thumb]]
|-
|[[File:Hooper Bay, Alaska Cemetery.jpg|center|thumb]]
|[[File:"Old Timers" dug from from Hooper Bay, Alaska.jpg|center|thumb|
Eskimo kids label artifacts that they find as "Old Timers".
]]
|[[File:Baskets from Hooper Bay, Alaska.jpg|center|thumb|
Hooper Bay has been known for high quality baskets for many decades.
]]
|}

{{Kusilvak Census Area, Alaska}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cities in Alaska]]
[[Category:Cities in Kusilvak Census Area, Alaska]]
[[Category:Populated coastal places in Alaska on the Pacific Ocean]]