Editing Homewood, Alabama

{{short description|City in Alabama, United States}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name      = Homewood, Alabama
| settlement_type    = [[City]]
| nickname           = 
| motto              = <!-- Images --------------->
| image_skyline      = Samford University.jpg
| imagesize          = 275px
| image_caption      = Samford University
| image_flag         = 
| image_seal         = <!-- Maps ----------------->
| image_map          = Jefferson County Alabama Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Homewood Highlighted 0135800.svg
| mapsize            = 250px
| map_caption        = Location of Homewood in Jefferson County, Alabama
| image_map1         = 
| mapsize1           = 
| map_caption1       = <!-- Location ------------->
| subdivision_type   = Country
| subdivision_name   = United States
| subdivision_type1  = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[Alabama]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[List of counties in Alabama|County]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[Jefferson County, Alabama|Jefferson]]
<!-- Government ----------->| government_footnotes = 
| government_type    = [[Mayor–council government|Mayor–council]]<ref>{{cite web|title=USCOURTS-alnd-2_06-cv-04881-0|url=https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCOURTS-alnd-2_06-cv-04881/pdf/USCOURTS-alnd-2_06-cv-04881-0.pdf|publisher=govinfo.gov|page= 2|access-date=December 19, 2019}}</ref>
| leader_title       = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name        = Alex Wyatt
| leader_title1      = 
| leader_name1       = 
| established_title  = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
| established_date   = December 29, 1926<ref>{{cite web|title=Municipalities of Alabama Incorporation Dates |publisher=Alabama League of Municipalities |url=https://almonline.org/Assets/Files/AboutUs/Alabama_Municipalities_Incorporation_Dates.pdf |access-date=March 11, 2024}}</ref>
<!-- Area ----------------->| unit_pref          = Imperial
| area_footnotes     = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2023">{{cite web|title=2023 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2023_Gazetteer/2023_gaz_place_01.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=March 11, 2024}}</ref>
| area_magnitude     = 
| area_total_km2     = 21.53
| area_land_km2      = 21.40
| area_water_km2     = 0.13
| area_total_sq_mi   = 8.31
| area_land_sq_mi    = 8.26
| area_water_sq_mi   = 0.05
<!-- Population ----------->| population_as_of   = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
| population_est     = 27864
| pop_est_as_of      = 2022
| pop_est_footnotes  = <ref name="USCensusEst2022"/>
| population_footnotes = <ref name="2020 Census (City)"/>
| population_total   = 26414
| population_density_km2 = 1302
| population_density_sq_mi = 3370
<!-- General information -->| timezone           = [[Central Time Zone|Central (CST)]]
| utc_offset         = −6
| timezone_DST       = CDT
| utc_offset_DST     = −5
| elevation_footnotes = <ref name=gnis/>
| elevation_m        = 215
| elevation_ft       = 705
| coordinates        = {{coord|33|28|6|N|86|48|29|W|region:US-AL|display=inline,title}}
| postal_code_type   = [[ZIP Code]]s
| postal_code        = 35209, 35219, 35259
| area_code          = [[Area codes 205 and 659|205 and 659]]
| blank_name         = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
| blank_info         = 01-35800
| blank1_name        = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info        = 2404724<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|2404724}}</ref>
| website            = {{URL|https://www.cityofhomewood.com/|cityofhomewood.com}}
| footnotes          = 
}}

'''Homewood''' is a city in southeastern [[Jefferson County, Alabama|Jefferson County]], [[Alabama]], United States.  It is a suburb of [[Birmingham, Alabama|Birmingham]], located on the other side of [[Red Mountain (Birmingham)|Red Mountain]] due south of the city center. The population was 26,414 at the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]].<ref name="2020 Census (City)">{{cite web|title=Explore Census Data |url=https://data.census.gov/profile/Homewood_city,_Alabama?g=160XX00US0135800 |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=March 11, 2024}}</ref>

==History==
{{close paraphrasing|article|source=http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/article/h-3120|free=no|date=September 2022}}

===Early history and development===
In 1800, the first settlers arrived in the area that is now known as Homewood. However, the area's population would not grow significantly until a [[cholera]] epidemic ravaged the city of Birmingham in 1873, an issue only made worse by the financial crisis brought on by the [[Panic of 1873]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Owen |first=Thomas McAdory |url=http://archive.org/details/historyofalabama01owen |title=History of Alabama and dictionary of Alabama biography |last2=Owen |first2=Marie Bankhead |date=1921 |publisher=Chicago, The S. J. Clarke publishing company |others=Allen County Public Library Genealogy Center |pages=140}}</ref> (See [[Timeline of Birmingham, Alabama]]).

Seeking new beginnings and safer living spaces, many Birmingham residents began moving out of the city, buying up land and developing communities in the surrounding areas. Many of the smaller communities which would eventually become Homewood were developed during this time period, including Rosedale, Grove Park, Edgewood, and Oak Grove.

Edgewood saw the greatest amount of development. The community had an [[electric railway]] leading to downtown Birmingham by 1911 and a man-made lake by 1915.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Homewood {{!}} Encyclopedia of Alabama: History|url=http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/article/h-3120|website=Encyclopedia of Alabama|access-date=July 27, 2015}}</ref> The lake was created by the construction of a dam along Shades Creek near Columbiana Road. Two parallel roads were graded on either side of the lake with the intention of creating a race track around the lake, however these plans never came to fruition. The roads eventually became Lakeshore Drive and South Lakeshore Drive.

===Incorporation===
On December 29, 1926, a local attorney named Charles Rice started a movement to merge several of the communities surrounding Birmingham. In September of the same year, Rosedale, Edgewood, and Grove Park voted to incorporate under the name Homewood. The city of Hollywood, Alabama was annexed into Homewood in 1929.

In 1955, Oak Grove was also annexed into Homewood.<ref name=":1" />

===Great Depression and World War II===
[[Great Depression|The Great Depression]], beginning in 1929, greatly damaged Homewood's economy. Additionally, a [[polio]] epidemic, which sickened 80 children in Homewood, struck around the same time. However, the regional community and economy began to recover with the outbreak of [[World War II]] and the accompanying boom in Birmingham's steel industry, where production ramped up to support the war effort. Partly due to the steel boom, Homewood's population increased by 74% between 1940 and 1950.<ref name=":1" />

===Civil rights era===
In 1959, Homewood voters defeated a move by Birmingham to annex the city. In July 1964, a second annexation attempt allegedly succeeded, but voting issues and lawsuits caused the Alabama Supreme Court to rule the election null and void on September 9, 1966 (See "City of Birmingham v. Bouldin"). In a special election on December 13, 1966, another vote for annexation failed with 65% of Homewood residents voting against it.<ref name=":1" />

Homewood avoided the worst of the turmoil associated with the [[Civil Rights Movement]] and, more specifically, the [[Southern Christian Leadership Conference]]'s 1963 [[Birmingham campaign]].<ref name=":1" /> However, in September 1963, the ''Shades Valley Sun'' newspaper reported on a racially motivated bombing on Central Avenue in Rosedale.{{cn|date=September 2024}}

Homewood broke away created its own school system separate from the Jefferson County school system in 1970, opening the new Homewood High School in December 1972.<ref name=":1" />

===Hollywood===
'''Hollywood''' is a former town annexed into Homewood, Alabama, in 1929. A [[historic district (United States)|historic district]] of much of the area is listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] as '''Hollywood Historic District'''.  The district is roughly bounded by [[U.S. Route 31 in Alabama|U.S. Highway 31]], [[U.S. Route 280 (Alabama)|U.S. Highway 280]], and Lakeshore Drive and is significant for the [[Mission Revival Style architecture|Mission Revival]] and [[Spanish Colonial Revival architecture|Spanish Colonial Revival]] architectural style of surviving houses and other buildings.<ref>{{cite web|last=King |first=Pamela Sterne |author2=Christy Anderson |title=Hollywood Historic District |url={{NRHP url|id=02000482}} |work=National Register of Historic Places Registration Form |publisher=National Park Service |access-date=March 17, 2014 |date=September 1, 2001 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6O9SHifqw?url=http://pdfhost.focus.nps.gov/docs/nrhp/text/02000482.pdf |archive-date=March 17, 2014 |url-status=live}} See also: {{cite web|title=Accompanying photos |url={{NRHP url|id=02000482|photos=y}} |access-date=March 17, 2014 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6O9SIkx8G?url=http://pdfhost.focus.nps.gov/docs/nrhp/photos/02000482.pdf |archive-date=March 17, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Clyde Nelson began developing Hollywood Boulevard as a residential subdivision in 1926. He employed a sales force of 75, armed with the memorable slogan "Out of the Smoke Zone, Into the Ozone", to entice [[Birmingham, Alabama|Birmingham]] residents over [[Red Mountain, Birmingham, Alabama|Red Mountain]]. Architect George P. Turner designed many of the new homes in the [[Spanish Colonial Revival architecture]], which had become fashionably linked with the glamour of [[Hollywood, California]] in the early days of the motion picture industry there. Turner also nodded to the [[Tudor Style architecture|English Tudor style]] which was already widespread in Birmingham and over the mountain.

The Hollywood Country Club on Lakeshore Drive (destroyed in 1984 by fire) and the [[American Legion]] Post 134 (originally Hollywood's Town Hall) were also built at this time.

In order to support his new development, Nelson created the area's first [[bus|autobus]] line and extended the first natural gas pipeline into Shades Valley.

Hollywood incorporated as a town on January 14, 1927 with Clarence Lloyd as its first and only mayor. The town was annexed into Homewood on October 14, 1929. The [[Great Depression]] virtually ended development of the subdivision.

In 2002, the Hollywood Historic District was registered with the [[National Register of Historic Places]], and is home to The [[American Institute of Architects]] (AIA)-nominated houses like 11 Bonita Drive.  The listing includes 412 [[contributing buildings]] and one [[contributing site]], over a {{convert|815|acre}} area.<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|2009a}}</ref>

==Geography==
Homewood is located at {{Coord|33|28|6|N|86|48|29|W|type:city}} (33.468306, -86.808146).<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=April 23, 2011|date=February 12, 2011|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref> According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|8.31|sqmi|km2}}, all land.<ref name="CenPopGazetteer2023"/>

The city, along with the rest of Jefferson County, lies atop iron, coal, and limestone deposits.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/article/h-1370|title=Jefferson County {{!}} Encyclopedia of Alabama: Geography|access-date=July 26, 2015}}</ref>

Shades Creek, which is part of the [[Cahaba River]] system, runs through Homewood.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Shades Creek|url=http://www.outdooralabama.com/shades-creek-0|website=Outdoor Alabama|access-date=July 27, 2015|archive-date=July 17, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150717225142/http://www.outdooralabama.com/shades-creek-0|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1930= 6103
|1940= 7397
|1950= 12866
|1960= 20289
|1970= 21137
|1980= 21412
|1990= 22922
|2000= 25043
|2010= 25167
|2020= 26414
|estyear=2022
|estimate=27864
|estref=<ref name="USCensusEst2022">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-total-cities-and-towns.html |date=March 11, 2024|title=City and Town Population Totals: 2020–2022|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=March 11, 2024}}</ref>
|align-fn=center
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=June 4, 2015}}</ref><br>2020 Census<ref name="2020 Census (City)"/>
}}

===2020 census===
{| class="wikitable"
|+Homewood racial composition<ref>{{Cite web|title=Explore Census Data|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US0135800&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|access-date=December 11, 2021|website=data.census.gov}}</ref>
!Race
!Number
!Percent
|-
|[[White (U.S. Census)|White]] (non-Hispanic)
|18,178
|68.82%
|-
|[[African American (U.S. Census)|Black or African American]] (non-Hispanic)
|5,223
|19.77%
|-
|[[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]]
|29
|0.11%
|-
|[[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]]
|715
|2.71%
|-
|[[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]]
|8
|0.03%
|-
|[[Race (United States Census)|Other/Mixed]]
|832
|3.15%
|-
|[[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]]
|1,429
|5.41%
|}
As of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], there were 26,414 people, 9,770 households, and 5,966 families residing in the city.<ref>{{Cite web|title=US Census Bureau, Table P16: Household Type |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=Homewood%20city,%20Alabama%20p16&y=2020 |access-date=March 11, 2024 |publisher=United States Census Bureau}}</ref> The [[population density]] was {{convert|3,191.6|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}} There were 10,942 housing units.

===2010 census===
As of the [[2010 United States census|2010 census]], there were 25,167 people, 10,092 households, and 5,760 families living in the city. The population density was {{convert|3,032.2|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 11,385 housing units at an average density of {{convert|1,371.7|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The [[Race and ethnicity in the United States Census#2010 census|racial makeup]] of the city was 69.696% White, 17.3% Black or [[Race (United States Census)|African-American]], 0.2% Native American, 2.2% Asian, 0.0% Pacific Islander, 4.4% from other races, and 1.4% from two or more races. 7.3% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

Of the 10,092 households 30.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.3% were married couples living together, 12.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 42.9% were non-families. 34.4% of households were one person and 9.9% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.31 and the average family size was 3.02.

The age distribution was 22.8% under the age of 18, 17.4% from 18 to 24, 30.8% from 25 to 44, 19.9% from 45 to 64, and 9.1% 65 or older. The median age was 29.8 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.3 males.

The median family income  was $78,252. Males had a median income of $50,163 versus $41,023 for females. The per capita income for the city was $30,601. About 5.1% of families and 10.1% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 6.9% of those under age 18 and 5.6% of those age 65 or over.

===2000 census===
As of the [[2000 United States census|2000 census]], there were 25,043 people, 10,688 households, and 5,878 families living in the city. The population density was {{convert|3,014.7|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 11,494 housing units at an average density of {{convert|1,383.6|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The [[Race and ethnicity in the United States Census#2000 census|racial makeup]] of the city was 79.75% White, 15.30% Black or [[Race (United States Census)|African-American]], 0.20% Native American, 2.57% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 1.00% from other races, and 1.16% from two or more races. 2.80% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

Of the 10,688 households 27.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.0% were married couples living together, 11.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 45.0% were non-families. 36.2% of households were one person and 9.4% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.16 and the average family size was 2.87.

The age distribution was 20.3% under the age of 18, 17.8% from 18 to 24, 34.0% from 25 to 44, 17.3% from 45 to 64, and 10.6% 65 or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.9 males.

The median household income was $55,431 and the median family income was $70,256. Males had a median income of $40,969 versus $34,694 for females. The per capita income for the city was $25,491. About 4.4% of families and 7.6% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 4.5% of those under age 18 and 4.3% of those age 65 or over.

==Schools==

===Public schools===
The Homewood City School System is made up of five schools, including three [[elementary schools]], one [[middle school]] and one [[High school (North America)|high school]]:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.homewood.k12.al.us/?PN=Schools2|title=List of Homewood City Schools|access-date=July 26, 2015}}</ref>
* Shades Cahaba Elementary School
* Edgewood Elementary School
* Hall Kent Elementary School
* Homewood Middle School
* [[Homewood High School]]

===Colleges and universities===
* [[Samford University]]

==Parks==
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* Patriot Park
* Homewood Central Park
* West Homewood Park
* Woodland Park
* Overton Park
* Spring Park
* Homewood Soccer Park<ref>{{Cite web|title=Homewood Parks & Recreation|url=http://www.homewoodparks.com/|website=www.homewoodparks.com|access-date=July 27, 2015}}</ref>
{{div col end}}

==Transportation==
Transit service in Homewood is provided by [[Birmingham-Jefferson County Transit Authority]], which operates Max Transit bus service.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://maxtransit.org/|title=Max Transit|access-date=November 11, 2024}}</ref>

==Notable people==
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Ameer Abdullah]], [[American football]] [[running back]]
* [[Mary Anderson (actress, born 1918)|Mary Anderson (1918–2014)]], actress
* [[Paul DeMarco]], lawyer and former [[Alabama House of Representatives|Alabama State Representative]]
* [[Aaron Ernest]], [[sprint (running)|sprinter]]
* [[Katy Freels]], professional soccer [[midfielder]]
* [[Charles Ghigna]], [[children's literature|children's author]]
* [[Evan Mathis]], former American football [[Lineman (gridiron football)|offensive lineman]]
* [[Ronald Nored]], [[National Basketball Association]] assistant coach
* [[Eric Ramsey]], former American football player
* [[Samantha Shaw]], former [[State Auditor of Alabama]]
* [[Luther Strange]], U.S. Senator
* [[William C. Thompson (Alabama judge)|William C. Thompson]], Presiding Judge, [[Alabama Court of Civil Appeals]]
{{div col end}}

==See also==
* [[Birmingham, Alabama]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

;General
* Baggett, James L. (April 2004) "Homewood: The Life of a City." ''Alabama Review.''

==External links==
* [https://www.cityofhomewood.com/ City of Homewood – Official Website]
* [https://www.homewoodchamber.org/ Homewood Chamber of Commerce]
* [https://encyclopediaofalabama.org/article/homewood/ Encyclopedia of Alabama: Homewood]

{{Jefferson County, Alabama}}

<!--end categories for Hollywood-->

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Cities in Alabama]]
[[Category:Cities in Jefferson County, Alabama]]
[[Category:Birmingham metropolitan area, Alabama]]