Editing Homestead, Pennsylvania

{{Short description|Borough in Pennsylvania, US}}
{{More citations needed|date=July 2007}}
{{use mdy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Homestead, Pennsylvania
| settlement_type = [[Borough (Pennsylvania)|Borough]]
| image_skyline = Bost Building.jpg
| imagesize = 
| image_alt = 
| image_caption = The [[Bost Building]], built in 1892, was [[Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers|AA]] union headquarters during the [[Homestead Strike]] that year, and today is a [[National Historic Landmark]] and museum of the [[Rivers of Steel National Heritage Area]]
| image_flag = 
| image_seal = 
| etymology = 
| nickname = 
| motto = 
| image_map = Allegheny County Pennsylvania incorporated and unincorporated areas Homestead highlighted.svg
| mapsize = 260px
| map_caption = Location in [[Allegheny County, Pennsylvania|Allegheny County]] and the U.S. state of [[Pennsylvania]]
| coordinates = {{coord|40|24|22|N|79|54|44|W|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = United States
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = Pennsylvania
| subdivision_type2 = County
| subdivision_name2 = [[Allegheny County, Pennsylvania|Allegheny]]
| established_title = Founded
| established_date = 
| founder = 
| named_for = 
| government_footnotes = 
| government_type = 
| governing_body = 
| leader_party = 
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = John Burwell<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cbsnews.com/pittsburgh/news/john-burwell-sworn-in-as-first-black-mayor-in-homestead-history/ | title=John Burwell Sworn in as First Black Mayor in Homestead History - CBS Pittsburgh | website=[[CBS News]] | date=January 4, 2022 }}</ref>
| unit_pref = Imperial
| area_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|title=ArcGIS REST Services Directory|url=https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer/5/query?where=STATE='42'&outFields=NAME,STATE,PLACE,AREALAND,AREAWATER,LSADC,CENTLAT,CENTLON&orderByFields=PLACE&returnGeometry=false&returnTrueCurves=false&f=json|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=October 12, 2022}}</ref>
| area_total_km2 = 1.66
| area_total_sq_mi = 0.64
| area_land_km2 = 1.49
| area_land_sq_mi = 0.58
| area_water_km2 = 0.17
| area_water_sq_mi = 0.07
| elevation_footnotes = 
| elevation_m = 
| elevation_ft = 
| population_as_of = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
| population_footnotes = <ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly"/>
| population_total = 2884
| pop_est_as_of = 
| pop_est_footnotes = 
| population_est = 
| population_density_km2 = 1932.88
| population_density_sq_mi = 5006.94
| population_density = 
| timezone1 = [[North American Eastern Time Zone|EST]]
| utc_offset1 = -5
| timezone1_DST = [[Eastern Daylight Time|EDT]]
| utc_offset1_DST = -4
| postal_code_type = ZIP Code
| postal_code = 15120
| area_code = [[Area code 412|412]]
| geocode = 
| iso_code = 
| blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standards|FIPS code]]
| blank_info = 42-35424
| blank_name_sec2 = School District
| blank2_name_sec2 = Wikimedia Commons
| blank2_info_sec2 = 
| website = {{URL|http://www.homesteadborough.com/}}
| footnotes = 
}}

'''Homestead''' is a [[Borough (Pennsylvania)|borough]] in [[Allegheny County, Pennsylvania]], United States, along the [[Monongahela River]] {{convert|7|mi|0}} southeast of downtown [[Pittsburgh]]. The borough is known for the [[Homestead strike]] of 1892, an important event in the [[history of labor relations in the United States]]. The population was 2,884 at the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]].<ref>{{cite web| url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=1600000US4235424| title=Census - Geography Profile: Homestead borough, Pennsylvania| publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]| access-date=April 24, 2022}}</ref> It is part of the [[Pittsburgh metropolitan area]].

== History ==
{{see also|Homestead strike}}
[[File:Homestead map from the darlington collection.png|thumb|left|A 1902 map of Homestead]]
The area on the south bank of the [[Monongahela River]] now comprising the boroughs of Homestead, [[Munhall, Pennsylvania|Munhall]] and [[West Homestead, Pennsylvania|West Homestead]] saw the first white settlers arrive in the 1770s. One hundred years later, much of the existing farmland on the flats and hillsides by the river was purchased, laid out in lots and sold by local banks and land owners to create the town of Homestead. The town was chartered in 1880. The building of a [[railroad]], [[glass]] factory, and in 1881 the first [[ironworks|iron mill]] began a period of rapid growth and prosperity. In 1883, [[Andrew Carnegie]] bought out [[Homestead Steel Works]], adding it to his empire of [[steel]] and [[coke (fuel)|coke]] enterprises. Carnegie had recently acquired a controlling interest in [[Henry Clay Frick]]'s coke works on the Monongahela, setting the stage for the dramatic labor clash in Homestead.

Homestead gained international notoriety in July 1892 as the site of a violent clash between locked-out steelworkers and hired Pinkerton guards, known as the [[Homestead Strike]]. When Henry Clay Frick, manager for Andrew Carnegie, owner of the local Homestead Steel Works, announced in the spring of 1892 that skilled workers would receive a reduction in wages, the advisory committee of the [[Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers]] refused to sign a new contract. Carnegie's management locked the workforce out, declaring that the union would no longer be recognized at the steel works.
[[File:Pennsylvania National Guard Passing the Railroad Station to Disperse Groups of Strikers Homestead strike 1892.jpg|thumb|left|State militia passing the railroad station to disperse groups of strikers.]]
To break the strike and secure the mill from the disgruntled workers, industrialist [[Henry Clay Frick]] hired hundreds of armed toughs from the [[Pinkerton National Detective Agency]]. When barges carrying the Pinkertons arrived at the mill on the morning of July 6, workers and townspeople met them at the riverbanks. Though eyewitness accounts differed on which side first fired a shot, a day-long armed battle ensued which resulted in eleven deaths and dozens of injuries. The governor of Pennsylvania eventually called out the [[Pennsylvania National Guard|National Guard]] to restore order to the town and take control of the mill. Frick successfully destroyed the union in Homestead and, by extension, in most of his other steel mills through the nation. The "Battle of Homestead," as the event came to be known, represented a stunning setback for [[unionization]] in the highly mechanized steel industry. It also set the stage for the future [[steel strike of 1919]], in which Homestead played an important role.

At the turn of the 20th century, in 1900, the population of Homestead was 12,554 people, of whom some 7,000 were employed in the plants. Due mostly to immigration from [[Eastern Europe|Eastern]] and [[Southern Europe]], by 1910 the population jumped to 18,713, then to 20,452 in 1920. In the first decade of the 20th century, Homestead was studied as part of the sociological [[Pittsburgh Survey]], the results of which were eventually published as ''Homestead: The Households of a Mill Town''.
[[File:"Steel for Victory" - NARA - 534929.jpg|thumb|upright|"Steel for Victory. Many scenes filmed at Homestead."]]
In 1940, 19,041 people lived in Homestead. During the early 1940s half the population was displaced as the United States government added to the steel mills to have the capacity for armor plating for ships and tanks (preparing for [[World War II]]).<ref>{{cite journal |title=Engineering an Industrial Diaspora: Homestead, 1941 |last1=Miner |first1=Curtis |last2=Roberts |first2=Paul |journal=Pittsburgh History |pages=4–25 |date=Winter 1989 |volume=72 |issue=1 |publisher=[[Historical Society of Western Pennsylvania]] |issn=0043-4035 |url=https://journals.psu.edu/wph/article/view/4132/3950 |access-date=2015-02-10 |via=[[Pennsylvania State University Libraries]]}}</ref> After the end of the war, a decline in the [[Iron and steel industry in the United States|steel-making industry of the United States]] took place.

By 1980, it had become difficult to obtain employment at the Homestead Works, which was not producing much steel at that time. In 1986, the mill closed. The Homestead Works was demolished in the early 1990s, replaced in 1999 by [[The Waterfront]] shopping mall. As a direct result of the loss of mill employment, the number of people living in Homestead dwindled. By the time of the [[2010 United States census|2010 census]], the borough population was 3,165. The borough began financially recovering in 2002, with the enlarging retail tax base.

==Geography==
Homestead is located at {{coord|40|24|18|N|79|54|28|W|type:city}} (40.405069, −79.907785).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2011-04-23|date=2011-02-12|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref> 
According to the [[United States Census Bureau|U.S. Census Bureau]], the borough has a total area of {{convert|0.6|mi2}}, of which {{convert|0.6|mi2}} is land and {{convert|0.1|mi2}}, or 11.11%, is water.

===Surrounding neighborhoods===
Homestead has two land borders, including [[Munhall, Pennsylvania|Munhall]] to the east and south, and [[West Homestead, Pennsylvania|West Homestead]] to the west. Across the Monongahela River to the north, Homestead runs adjacent with the Pittsburgh neighborhoods of [[Squirrel Hill (Pittsburgh)|Squirrel Hill South]] (direct connection via [[Homestead Grays Bridge]]) and [[Swisshelm Park (Pittsburgh)|Swisshelm Park]].

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1880= 592
|1890= 7911
|1900= 12554
|1910= 18713
|1920= 20452
|1930= 20141
|1940= 19041
|1950= 10046
|1960= 7502
|1970= 6309
|1980= 5092
|1990= 4179
|2000= 3569
|2010= 3165
|2020= 2884
|footnote=Sources:<ref>{{cite web|title=1990 Population and Housing Counts|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/censusdata/hiscendata.html|publisher=US Census Bureau|access-date=November 22, 2013}}</ref><ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2008-01-31|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Number of Inhabitants: Pennsylvania|url=http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/17216604v1p40ch02.pdf|work=18th Census of the United States|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=November 22, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Annual Estimates of the Resident Population|url=https://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2012/SUB-EST2012-3.html|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=November 22, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019235623/http://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2012/SUB-EST2012-3.html|archive-date=October 19, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Number of Inhabitants-Pennsylvania|url=http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/23760756v2p38ch1.pdf|work=Seventeenth Census of the United States|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=November 22, 2013}}</ref><ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly">{{cite web|url=https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/pl?get=P1_001N,NAME&for=place:*&in=state:42&key=5ccd0821c15d9f4520e2dcc0f8d92b2ec9336108|title=Census Population API|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=October 12, 2022}}</ref>
}}

===2020 census===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+'''Homestead borough, Pennsylvania – Racial and ethnic composition'''<br><small>{{nobold|''Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.''}}</small>
!Race / Ethnicity <small>(''NH = Non-Hispanic'')</small>
!Pop 2000<ref name=2000CensusP004>{{Cite web|title=P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Homestead borough, Pennsylvania |url=https://data.census.gov/table?g=060XX00US4200335424&tid=DECENNIALSF12000.P004|website=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date= }}</ref>
!Pop 2010<ref name=2010CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Homestead borough, Pennsylvania |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=060XX00US4200335424&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2|website=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date= }}</ref>
!{{partial|Pop 2020}}<ref name=2020CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Homestead borough, Pennsylvania |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=060XX00US4200335424&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|website=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date= }}</ref>
!% 2000
!% 2010
!{{partial|% 2020}}
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|White]] alone (NH)
|1,512
|1,015
|style='background: #ffffe6; |804
|42.36%
|32.07%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |27.88%
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans|Black or African American]] alone (NH)
|1,827
|1,849
|style='background: #ffffe6; |1,742
|51.19%
|58.42%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |60.40%
|-
|[[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] or [[Alaska Native]] alone (NH)
|8
|6
|style='background: #ffffe6; |2
|0.22%
|0.19%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.07%
|-
|[[Asian Americans|Asian]] alone (NH)
|99
|96
|style='background: #ffffe6; |54
|2.77%
|3.03%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |1.87%
|-
|[[Native Hawaiian]] or [[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]] alone (NH)
|1
|0
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0
|0.03%
|0.00%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.00%
|-
|[[Race and ethnicity in the United States census|Other race]] alone (NH)
|4
|17
|style='background: #ffffe6; |26
|0.11%
|0.54%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.90%
|-
|[[Multiracial Americans|Mixed race or Multiracial]] (NH)
|96
|124
|style='background: #ffffe6; |162
|2.69%
|3.92%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |5.62%
|-
|[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (any race)
|22
|58
|style='background: #ffffe6; |94
|0.62%
|1.83%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |3.26%
|-
|'''Total'''
|'''3,569'''
|'''3,165'''
|style='background: #ffffe6; |'''2,884'''
|'''100.00%'''
|'''100.00%'''
|style='background: #ffffe6; |'''100.00%'''
|}

===2000 census===
As of the [[2000 United States census|2000 census]],<ref name="GR2" /> there were 3,569 people, 1,607 households, and 843 families residing in the borough. The population density was {{convert|6,281.6|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 2,071 housing units at an average density of {{convert|3,645.0|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The [[Race and ethnicity in the United States census|racial makeup]] of the borough was 42.64% White, 51.30% African American, 0.25% Native American, 2.83% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.22% from other races, and 2.72% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.62% of the population.

There were 1,607 households, out of which 24.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 23.3% were married couples living together, 24.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 47.5% were non-families. 42.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.16 and the average family size was 2.99.

In the borough, the population was spread out, with 24.2% under the age of 18, 8.0% from 18 to 24, 25.1% from 25 to 44, 23.8% from 45 to 64, and 18.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 80.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 75.1 males.

The median income for a household in the borough was $16,603, and the median income for a family was $28,314. Males had a median income of $25,500 versus $21,559 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the borough was $12,690. About 23.0% of families and 26.6% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 31.0% of those under age 18 and 16.8% of those age 65 or over.

==Arts and culture==
Much of Homestead and some of the surrounding communities are listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] as the [[Homestead Historic District]]. This historic district encompasses the site of the [[Homestead Strike]] of 1892, when the [[Carnegie Steel Company]], under the leadership of [[Henry Clay Frick]], broke the [[Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers]] union.<ref>{{cite web|last=James|first=Earl D.|title=Homestead Historic District|url={{NRHP-PA|H096509_01H.pdf}}|work=National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form|publisher=Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission|access-date=January 9, 2014|author2=Walter Kidney |author3=Lu Donnelly |author4=Patricia Sands |year=1990}}</ref> Of note is the [[Bost Building]], a restored brick structure that served as headquarters for the strikers during the 1892 strike by workers at Carnegie Steel. The Bost Building, which was declared a National Landmark in 1999,<ref>{{cite web |title=Bost Building |date=1999-01-20 |work=[[National Register of Historical Places]] |publisher=[[National Park Service]] |url=https://npgallery.nps.gov/AssetDetail/NRIS/99000627 |access-date=2024-05-27}}</ref> and now houses a museum related to the [[Rivers of Steel National Heritage Area]].

The [[Carnegie Library of Homestead]] was opened to the public in 1898. It was the sixth library commissioned by [[Andrew Carnegie]] in the U.S. and the seventh to open. It is the third oldest Carnegie library in continuous operation in its original structure in the U.S. after the Main Branch and Lawrenceville Branch of Pittsburgh.<ref>{{cite book | url= http://www.phlf.org/wp-content/uploads/2007/09/Historic-Plaques-2010b.pdf |title=Historic Landmark Plaques 1968-2009 |publisher=Pittsburgh History & Landmarks Foundation | location=Pittsburgh, PA | year=2010 | access-date=2010-07-02}}</ref>

The historic [[St Nicholas Carpatho-Rusyn church]], built in 1937, serves the local [[Rusyn people|Rusyn]] community. Its domes were built using steel from local mills.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.stnicholascenter.org/gazetteer/452|title = St. Nicholas Orthodox Church ::: St. Nicholas Center}}</ref>

In 2000, Continental Real Estate Companies opened [[The Waterfront]], a [[Shopping mall#Classes|super-regional]] open air [[shopping mall]] built on the former site of the [[Homestead Steel Works]]. Most of the structures associated with the steel mills on this site were demolished during construction, although some of the brick stacks from the mill still stand. In addition, near the river is a former mill structure known as the Pump House which was restored by the developer.

The [[Great Allegheny Passage]], part of a [[shared-use path]] connecting Pittsburgh to [[Washington, D.C.]], runs through the borough parallel to the river.

==Government and politics==
{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; font-size:95%;"
|+ Presidential election results<ref>{{cite web|last1=EL|title=2012 Allegheny County election|url=http://triblive.com/politics/2907065-74/pittsburgh-ward-hills-west-borough-braddock-east-elizabeth-north-park|website=Pittsburgh Tribune-Review|access-date=October 15, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=EL|title=2016 Pennsylvania general election results|url=http://newsinteractive.post-gazette.com/electionresultsgen2016/|website=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|access-date=October 15, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://results.enr.clarityelections.com/PA/Allegheny/106267/web.264614/#/detail/0004 | title=Election Night Reporting }}</ref>
|- bgcolor=lightgrey
! Year
! [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
! [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
! [[Third party (U.S. politics)|Third parties]]
|-
| style="text-align:center; {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''[[2020 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania|2020]]'''
| style="text-align:center; {{Party shading/Republican}}|''13%'' ''205''
| style="text-align:center; {{Party shading/Democratic}}|''85%'' ''1,276''
| style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;"|''0.7%'' ''11''
|-
| style="text-align:center; {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''[[2016 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania|2016]]'''
| style="text-align:center; {{Party shading/Republican}}|''11%'' ''166''
| style="text-align:center; {{Party shading/Democratic}}|''87%'' ''1,270''
| style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;"|''4%'' ''23''
|-
| style="text-align:center; {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''[[2012 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania|2012]]'''
| style="text-align:center; {{Party shading/Republican}}|''8%'' ''129''
| style="text-align:center; {{Party shading/Democratic}}|''91%'' ''1,396''
| style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;"|''1%'' ''5''
|}

==Transportation==
An important state route, [[Pennsylvania Route 837]], runs through Homestead. [[Interstate 376]] is only a few miles away from Homestead. For public transit, the [[Port Authority of Allegheny County]] has several bus routes running through Homestead that go to downtown [[Pittsburgh]] and to [[McKeesport, Pennsylvania|McKeesport]].

Homestead is served by three railroads: the [[Norfolk Southern]], [[CSX Transportation]] and the [[Union Railroad (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania)|Union Railroad]]. All three used to have large operations when the Homestead steel mill was open. Now that the mill has closed, only one company, WHEMCO, is served by the railroad. The Union Railroad had a large [[rail yard|yard]] to serve the Homestead Works, which is now Waterfront Drive.

==Notable people==
{{further|:Category:People from Homestead, Pennsylvania}}
*[[Charlie Batch]], [[National Football League|NFL]] player
*[[William Campbell (business executive)|William Campbell]], business executive
*[[John S. Crawford]], member of the [[Wisconsin State Assembly]]
*[[Betty Davis]], singer, songwriter, and model
*[[Mary Dee]], radio personality and disc jockey
*[[Nora Barry Fischer]], [[United States district court#Judges|U.S. district judge]]
*[[Jeff Goldblum]], actor
*[[Jester Hairston]], composer, choral conductor and actor
*[[Orrin Hatch]], [[President pro tempore of the United States Senate]]
*[[Butch Leitzinger]], race car driver
*[[Curt Leskanic]], [[Major League Baseball|MLB]] player
*[[Frank McHugh]], actor
*[[Joe Mihal]], NFL player
*[[Ed Piskor]], [[alternative comics]] artist
*[[Cumberland Posey]], member of [[National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum|Baseball]] and [[Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame|Basketball Halls of Fame]]
*[[John Rice (umpire)|John Rice]], MLB umpire
*[[Maxine Sullivan]], jazz singer
*[[Jim Tomsula]], NFL head coach
*[[Tamara Tunie]], actress
*[[Joe Zuger]], NFL and [[Canadian Football League|CFL]] player

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:HomesteadPennsylvaniaRailroadStation.jpg|[[Homestead Pennsylvania Railroad Station]], built circa 1890, on Amity Street in Homestead
File:St.MaryMagdaleneChurch.jpg|St. Mary Magdalene Church, built 1895, at 1008 Amity Street in Homestead
File:CarnegieLibraryofHomestead.jpg|[[Carnegie Library of Homestead]], built from 1896 to 1898, located in the [[Homestead Historic District]] in [[Munhall, Pennsylvania|Munhall]]
File:Gantry Crane 1.jpg|[[Gantry crane]] at the site of [[Homestead Steel Works]]
</gallery>

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
*Byington, Margaret F., and Samuel P. Hays. ''Homestead: The Households of a Mill Town''. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press (1974). {{ISBN|0822982501}}
*Serrin, William. ''Homestead: The Glory and Tragedy of an American Steel Town''. New York: Vintage (1993). {{ISBN|0679748172}}
*Modell, Judith, and Charlee Brodsky. ''A Town Without Steel: Envisioning Homestead''. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press (1998). {{ISBN|0822956764}}

==External links==
{{EB1911 poster|Homestead}}
*[http://www.wdl.org/en/item/9574/ Homestead, Pennsylvania, 1902] from the [[Library of Congress]] via the [[World Digital Library]]
*[http://battleofhomestead.org/ BattleOfHomestead.org]
*[http://www.homesteadhebrews.com HomesteadHebrews.com]
*[http://www.steelvalleyavenues.com SteelValleyAvenues.com]

{{Allegheny County, Pennsylvania}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Homestead, Pennsylvania| ]]
[[Category:1871 establishments in Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:Boroughs in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:Pittsburgh metropolitan area]]
[[Category:Pennsylvania populated places on the Monongahela River]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1871]]