Editing Homer, Illinois

{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name                     = Homer
| settlement_type          = [[List of towns and villages in Illinois|Village]]
| image_skyline            = 
| image_caption            = 
| pushpin_map              = USA Illinois Champaign County#USA Illinois
| pushpin_map_caption      = Location within Champaign County
| coordinates              = {{coord|40|01|59|N|87|57|28|W|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type         = Country
| subdivision_name         = United States
| subdivision_type1        = State
| subdivision_name1        = Illinois
| subdivision_type2        = County
| subdivision_name2        = [[Champaign County, Illinois|Champaign]]
| established_title        = Founded
| established_date         = 1855
| leader_party             = 
| leader_title             = Mayor
| leader_name              = 
| area_total_sq_mi         = 0.98
| area_land_sq_mi          = 0.98
| area_water_sq_mi         = 0.00
| elevation_footnotes      = <ref name=gnis/>
| elevation_ft             = 676
| population_total         = 1073
| population_as_of         = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
| population_density_sq_mi = 1094.90
| timezone1                = [[North American Central Time Zone|CST]]
| utc_offset1              = -6
| timezone1_DST            = [[North American Central Time Zone|CDT]]
| utc_offset1_DST          = -5
| postal_code              = 61849
| area_code                = [[Area code 217#United States|217]]
| website                  = {{URL|http://homervillage.com/}}
| pop_est_as_of            = 
| pop_est_footnotes        = 
| population_est           = 
| unit_pref                = Imperial
| blank_name              = [[Federal Information Processing Standards|FIPS code]]
| blank_info              = 17-35814
| blank1_name             = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info             = 2398532<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|2398532}}</ref>
| area_footnotes          = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020">{{cite web|title=2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_17.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=March 15, 2022}}</ref>
| area_total_km2          = 2.54
| area_land_km2           = 2.54
| area_water_km2          = 0.00
| population_density_km2  = 422.84
| image_map               = File:Champaign County Illinois Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Homer Highlighted.svg
| map_caption             = Location of Homer in Champaign County, Illinois.
}}
[[File:Homerparkdam.jpg|thumb|The mill and dam on the Salt Fork at Homer Illinois. This photo of the Coffeen family was taken in the mid-1880s.]]
[[File:Homer Illinois aerial picture.jpg|thumb|Homer from the air, looking to the north]]
'''Homer''' is a village in [[Champaign County, Illinois|Champaign County]], [[Illinois]], [[United States]]. Its population was 1,073 at the 2020 census.

== History ==
Homer grew from a settlement named Union, which was on the Fort Clark or State Road running between Danville and Urbana, nearly three miles north of the present town. Union was little more than several cabins built in 1829–30, but it served as a post office and meeting place in what was [[Vermilion County, Illinois|Vermilion County]] prior to the creation of [[Champaign County, Illinois|Champaign County]] in 1833. Moses Thomas, a native of [[Pennsylvania]], built a mill on the Salt Fork creek southeast of Union in 1834 and began to mill grain. A young merchant traveling from [[Indiana]], Michael Doctor Coffeen, built a store adjacent to the mill, and with Thomas created the village of Homer on January 26, 1837. The post office was moved to Homer with M. D. Coffeen as postmaster in 1841.

Homer grew to 120 people in 1850, and the coming of the Great Western Railroad to the south of the town prompted the village to move to its present location. In February 1855, the town's 32 buildings were dragged 1.5 miles south by 18 teams of oxen. The village became a stop on the railway, later named the [[Wabash Railroad]], becoming the center of agriculture in eastern Champaign County.

In 1905, the town became the location for Homer Park, an amusement park on the [[Illinois Traction System]] interurban line. Homer Park, north of the village on the Salt Fork creek, offered swimming, food, baseball, movies and even a small zoo. The park closed in 1937 after flooding and poor management.

===Teachers strike===
The Homer School District, which served the village and the surrounding area, set a record for the longest teacher's strike in the nation's history, spanning from October 26, 1986, to June 23, 1987. At 156 days, the strike was more than twice as long as the second-longest, set by a school district near [[Cleveland, Ohio]] during the 2002–2003 school year. At issue throughout the negotiations was the salary formula, which the ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' reported was "not likely to drastically change the pay rates of ... teachers." Other provisions included allowing teachers fired during the strike to be allowed to return with no loss of salary or seniority and the district's newly unionized support staff getting a 6 percent pay increase beginning July 1, and an additional 2 percent increase at the beginning of the 1988–1989 school year. Legal fees were estimated to be $150,000.

Although the strike lasted 156 days, students only lost 11 days of class time as strikebreaking teachers were hired to teach classes. However, some families moved from Homer or paid tuition to have their children attend neighboring schools. The Homer School District eventually consolidated with the Allerton-Broadlands-Longview School District (located to Homer's south), many of the teachers left and all but two school board members either did not seek re-election or were defeated in the first election after the settlement. The town suffered from the effects of the strike for many years, according to a 2006 article in ''[[The News-Gazette (Champaign-Urbana)|The News Gazette]]'' of Champaign-Urbana.<ref>"Two decades later, Homer teachers' strike still sore subject," ''[[The News-Gazette (Champaign-Urbana)|The News Gazette]]'', November 12, 2006. Retrieved August 28, 2014. [http://www.news-gazette.com/news/local/2006-11-12/two-decades-later-homer-teachers-strike-still-sore-subject.html]</ref><ref>Houston, Jerry, "Longest Teachers Strike Leaves Scars," ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'', June 29, 1987. Retrieved August 28, 2014. [https://www.chicagotribune.com/1987/06/29/longest-teachers-strike-leaves-scars/]</ref>

==Geography==
According to the 2021 census gazetteer files, Homer has a total area of {{convert|0.98|sqmi|km2|2}}, all land.<ref name="gaz2021">{{Cite web |publisher=United States Census Bureau |title=Gazetteer Files |url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html |access-date=June 29, 2022 |website=Census.gov}}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1850= 120
|1870= 767
|1880= 924
|1890= 917
|1900= 1080
|1910= 1086
|1920= 978
|1930= 918
|1940= 983
|1950= 1030
|1960= 1276
|1970= 1354
|1980= 1279
|1990= 1264
|2000= 1200
|2010= 1193
|2020= 1073
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref>
}}
As of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Explore Census Data |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=1600000US1735814 |access-date=June 28, 2022 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref> there were 1,073 people, 519 households, and 347 families residing in the village. The population density was {{Convert|1,094.90|PD/sqmi|PD/km2}}. There were 509 housing units at an average density of {{Convert|519.39|/sqmi|/km2}}. The racial makeup of the village was 91.89% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.19% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.84% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.47% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 6.62% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 2.24% of the population.

There were 519 households, out of which 34.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.39% were married couples living together, 17.73% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.14% were non-families. 30.83% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.06% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.18 and the average family size was 2.54.

The village's age distribution consisted of 28.8% under the age of 18, 11.8% from 18 to 24, 28.3% from 25 to 44, 19.2% from 45 to 64, and 11.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30.9 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.5 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $65,347, and the median income for a family was $81,750. Males had a median income of $58,750 versus $22,059 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the village was $44,604. About 12.1% of families and 10.6% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 16.0% of those under age 18 and 9.0% of those age 65 or over.

==References==
<references />
* Raymond Kelly Cunningham Jr. and Molly Shoaf. "From the Timber to the Prairie: A History of Homer Illinois Volume I."

==External links==
* [http://homervillage.com/ Village of Homer Illinois Homepage]

{{Champaign County, Illinois}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Villages in Champaign County, Illinois]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1855]]
[[Category:1855 establishments in Illinois]]
[[Category:Villages in Illinois]]