Editing Holloway, London

{{Use British English|date=September 2015}}
{{Infobox UK place
| country                   = England
| region                    = London
| official_name             = Holloway
| constituency_westminster  = [[Islington South and Finsbury (UK Parliament constituency)|Islington South and Finsbury]]
| constituency_westminster1 = [[Islington North (UK Parliament constituency)|Islington North]]
| static_image_name         = Shops_on_the_Corner_of_Hollway_Road_and_Seven_Sisters_Road_-_geograph.org.uk_-_408666.jpg
| static_image_caption      = Junction of Holloway Road and Seven Sisters Road in central Holloway
| post_town                 = LONDON
| postcode_area             = N
| postcode_district         = N7, N19
| london_borough            = Islington
| dial_code                 = 020
| os_grid_reference         = TQ306859
| coordinates               = {{coord|51.5570|-0.1173|display=inline,title}}
| charingX_distance_mi      = 3.3
| charingX_direction        = S
| population                =
| population_ref            =  
}}
'''Holloway''' is an area of [[North London]] in the [[London Borough of Islington|borough of Islington]], {{convert|3.3|mi|km}} north of [[Charing Cross]], which follows the line of the [[Holloway Road]] ([[A1 road (Great Britain)|A1]]). At the centre of Holloway is the [[Nag's Head, London|Nag's Head]] commercial area which sits between the more residential [[Upper Holloway]] and [[Lower Holloway]] neighbourhoods. Holloway has a [[multicultural]] population and includes the [[Emirates Stadium]], home of [[Arsenal F.C.]] Until 2016, it was the site of [[Holloway Prison]], the largest women's prison in Europe. Before 1965, it was in the [[historic counties of England|historic county]] of [[Middlesex]].

==History==
The origins of the name are disputed; some believe that it derives from ''[[Valley#Hollows|Hollow]]'', or ''[[Sunken lane|Hollow way]]'', due to a dip in the road caused by the passage of animals and water erosion, as this was the main cattle driving route from the North into [[Smithfield, London|Smithfield]]. In Lower Holloway the former ''Back Road'', now [[Liverpool Road]] was used to rest and graze the cattle before entering London. Others believe the name derives from ''[[Hallow]]'' and refers to the road's historic significance as part of the [[pilgrimage]] route to [[Walsingham]]. No documentary evidence can be found to support either derivation;<ref name=BritHist>{{cite journal
  | last =Croot
  | first =Patricia
  | title =Islington Growth: Holloway and Tollington
  | journal =A History of the County of Middlesex
  | volume =8
  | pages =29–37
  | publisher =British History Online
  | year =1985
  | url =https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/middx/vol8/pp29-37
  | access-date =13 May 2007  }}</ref> and by 1307, the name ''Holwey'' was applied to the district around the road.<ref name=Comms>[http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=7111 ''Islington: Communications'', A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 8: Islington and Stoke Newington parishes (1985), pp. 3-8] accessed: 13 July 2007</ref> The main stretch of Holloway Road runs through the site of the former villages of Tollington and Stroud. The exact time of their founding is not known, but the earliest record of them is in the ''[[Domesday Book]]''. The names had ceased being used by the late 17th century, but are still preserved in the local place names of Tollington Park and [[Stroud Green]].<ref name=BritHist/>

The original route from London went through Tollington Lane. By the 14th century it was in such poor condition that the [[Bishop of London]] built a new road up [[Highgate|Highgate Hill]] and was claiming tolls by 1318. This was the origin of the [[A1 road (Great Britain)|Great North Road]], now the A1, which passes through Holloway.<ref name=Comms/>

Until the 18th century, the area was predominantly rural, but as London expanded in the second half of the 19th century it became urbanised. Holloway, like much of inner [[north London]], experienced further rapid growth in the early 1900s. It became an important local shopping centre, benefitting from the road junction at Nag's Head which became an important hub for [[trolleybus]]es till their withdrawal in the 1950s. The [[London and North Eastern Railway]] opened a station here, which had a significant impact on the residential and commercial development of the neighbourhood in the latter part of the 19th century. The station, now closed, was at the same spot as the current [[Holloway Road tube station]], on the [[Piccadilly line]].

In 1921, the first sexual health clinic for women in the whole of the UK was opened in Holloway by [[Marie Stopes]]. The Mothers' Clinic at 61 Marlborough Road, Holloway, North London, opened on 17 March 1921. The clinic was run by midwives and supported by visiting doctors. It offered mothers birth control advice, taught them birth control methods and dispensed Stopes own "Pro-Race" brand cervical cap.
The free clinic was open to all married women for knowledge about reproductive health. Stopes opposed abortion; she tried to discover alternatives for families and increase knowledge about birth control and the reproductive system.

In the late 1930s, the [[Odeon Cinema, Holloway|Odeon cinema]] on the junction of Tufnell Park Road and Holloway Road was built as a [[Gaumont British|Gaumont]] but was severely damaged by a [[V-1 flying bomb|doodlebug]] during the [[Second World War]]. It has recently undergone extensive refurbishment but retains its foyer and staircase. It is [[Grade II listed]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Odeon Cinema, Islington |url=http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/en-485445-odeon-cinema-greater-london-authority |publisher=www.britishlistedbuildings | access-date=16 March 2013}}</ref>

During the Second World War, parts of Holloway experienced intense bombing due to its proximity to [[London King's Cross railway station|King's Cross railway station]].

Holloway was also home to [[Holloway Prison|HMP Holloway]] in Parkhurst Road, which was first built in 1852, originally housing both male and female prisoners, and from 1902 until its closure in 2016 housed only women and was the UK's major female prison. Prisoners that had been held at the original prison include [[Ruth Ellis]], [[Isabella Glyn]], [[Christabel Pankhurst]] and [[Oscar Wilde]]. The site is due to be redeveloped, though as of 2017 the prison buildings still stand.

==Holloway as of 2021==

[[File:Bobby Baker on Paradise Park.ogg|thumb|Audio description of "Paradise park" in Holloway by [[Bobby Baker (artist)|Bobby Baker]]]]
[[File:Orion Building -Post Graduate Centre of London Metropolitan University-9June2009.jpg|thumb|right|[[Daniel Libeskind]]'s Orion Building, [[London Metropolitan University]] on Holloway Road]]
Like many other parts of Islington, the gentrification of Holloway is now under way, particularly in the Hillmarton and Mercers Road/Tavistock Terrace conservation areas (to the south and west of Holloway Road). There are also many luxury development projects taking place over a large area between the [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] stadium development and [[Caledonian Road (London)|Caledonian Road]]. In addition, [[Islington London Borough Council]] have earmarked many improvement projects for the Nag's Head area over the next decade. It is also home to the large, sprawling [[Andover Estate|Andover housing estate]].

Near to [[Holloway Road tube station]] is the North Campus of [[London Metropolitan University]]. This includes the Tower building, Stapleton House and the Learning Centre. Another prominent feature in Holloway is the [[Emirates Stadium]], home of [[Arsenal F.C.]]

The area is home to many artists and people who work in the media, including many journalists, writers and professionals working in film and television. It is also known as a hotspot for many of London's graffiti artists.

==Demographics==
At the [[United Kingdom Census 2001|2001 census]], the population of Holloway was 41,329, of those 48% male and 52% female.  It is home to a very [[multicultural]] population, with the Holloway ward in 2011 recorded as: 42% white British, 21% from other white backgrounds, 7% mixed race, 14% Black, and 11% Asian. The mixed race population is in the top 100 out of 8,500 wards in the country. It is one of the most densely populated areas of London, with a density of approximately 40,000 people per square mile.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=7&b=6113958&c=N7+0SD&d=14&e=16&g=339015&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=0&s=1254739353043&enc=1
|title=2001 Census: Census Area Statistics Area: Holloway Ward
|publisher=[[Office for National Statistics]]
|year=2001 |access-date=4 October 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=7&b=6115492&c=st+georges&d=14&e=16&g=396871&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1256644485760&enc=1
|title=2001 Census: Census Area Statistics Area: St George's Ward
|publisher=[[Office for National Statistics]]
|year=2001 |access-date=4 October 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=7&b=6113951&c=caledonian&d=14&e=16&g=338715&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1256644647024&enc=1
|title=2001 Census: Census Area Statistics Area: Caledonian Ward
|publisher=[[Office for National Statistics]]
|year=2001 |access-date=4 October 2009}}</ref>

==Notable residents==

* [[Jimmi Harkishin]], actor on ''Coronation Street'', lived and grew up on Tollington Road in Holloway.
* [[Edward Lear]] (12 May 1812 – 29 January 1888), artist, illustrator, writer and poet; born and brought up in Holloway.<ref>{{cite web|title=Edward Lear|url=https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/edward-lear|website=Poetry Foundation|access-date=27 March 2018}}</ref>
* [[Joe Meek]] (5 April 1929 – 3 February 1967), record producer, sound engineer, songwriter, and audio inventor; lived, worked and died at 304 Holloway Road N7.
* [[Steve Howe]], (born 8 April 1947), guitarist with [[Yes (band)|Yes]] and [[Asia (band)|Asia]]; born and lived in Loraine Mansions, Widdenham Road, through his teen years.
* [[David Littlewood]] (born 1955), cricketer.
* [[John Lydon]] (born 31 January 1956; AKA Johnny Rotten), singer and musician with [[Sex Pistols]] and [[Public Image Ltd]], grew up in Benwell Road.
* [[Kaya Scodelario]], actress.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sam Pepper, Behind the Scenes #3 - Official E4 Skins Youtube Channel|url=//www.youtube.com/watch?v=2mUOwQEmRuQ| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121121084019/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2mUOwQEmRuQ&gl=US&hl=en| archive-date=2012-11-21 | url-status=dead|access-date=16 November 2012}}</ref> 
* [[Douglas Adams]], author; wrote ''[[The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy]]'' at 19 Kingsdown Road.<ref>{{cite news|title=I was Douglas Adams's flatmate, The Independent, 2011|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/features/encounters-with-legends-i-was-douglas-adamss-flatmate-2188855.html | location=London | first=Andrew|last=McGibbon|date=23 January 2011}}</ref>
* [[Tony Alexander King]], [[serial rapist]] and murderer known as "The Holloway Strangler".
* [[Christian Wolmar]], author, railway historian and politician.<ref name="Isaaman">{{Cite news |url=http://www.camdenreview.com/node/984351 |title=To the Edge of the World: The Story of the Trans-Siberian Railway by Christian Wolmar |last=Gerald |first=Isaaman |date=14 November 2013 |work=Camden Review |access-date=23 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161130111147/http://www.camdenreview.com/node/984351 |archive-date=30 November 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Ashburton Grove==
[[File:Southbridgearsenal.jpg|thumb|Arsenal's statue lettering at the Emirates Stadium]]
{{main|Emirates Stadium}}
[[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal Football Club]] moved after 93 years at [[Arsenal Stadium|Highbury]] to a new stadium at [[Emirates Stadium|Ashburton Grove]] in Holloway. It was informally known as Ashburton Grove until a naming rights deal with [[Emirates (airline)|Emirates]] was announced. The [[stadium]] opened in the summer of 2006, and has an all-seated capacity of 60,355, making it the third biggest stadium in the [[Premier League|Premiership]] after [[Old Trafford]] and the [[Tottenham Hotspur Stadium]] and the fourth biggest in [[London]] after [[Wembley Stadium]], [[Twickenham Stadium]] and the [[Tottenham Hotspur Stadium]]. The overall cost of the project was £390 million.

Ashburton Grove was the site of Islington's Waste Transfer station. This facility has been moved to nearby Hornsey Street. All of Islington's waste is shipped here for onward processing - together with a significant proportion of that generated by the neighbouring [[London Borough of Camden|London Boroughs of Camden]] and [[London Borough of Hackney|Hackney]]. The waste is transported by road to the [[Edmonton, London|Edmonton]] [[Edmonton EcoPark|Solid Waste Incineration Plant]] or to landfill sites in [[Cambridgeshire]] and [[Bedfordshire]].<ref>[http://www.nlondon-waste.gov.uk/html/services.asp ''The North London Waste Authority's statutory duties''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080908011730/http://www.nlondon-waste.gov.uk/html/services.asp |date=8 September 2008 }} accessed 23 August 2008</ref>

==Transport==

The nearest [[List of London Underground stations|London Underground stations]] are [[Caledonian Road tube station|Caledonian Road]], [[Highbury & Islington tube station|Highbury & Islington]], [[Holloway Road tube station|Holloway Road]] and [[Archway tube station|Archway]].

The nearest [[London Overground|London Overground stations]] are [[Caledonian Road & Barnsbury railway station|Caledonian Road & Barnsbury]], [[Camden Road railway station|Camden Road]], [[Highbury & Islington railway station|Highbury & Islington]] and [[Upper Holloway railway station|Upper Holloway]].

[[Drayton Park railway station]] is near the southern end of Holloway Road, and is on the [[Northern City Line]].

Holloway is served by the following bus routes: [[London Buses Route 4|4]], 17, 21 [[London Buses route 29|29]], [[London Buses route 43|43]] (24 hour), 91, 153, [[London Buses route 253|253]], 254, 259, 263 and 393, and also Night routes N29, N41, N91, N253 and N279.

==See also==
* [[St Mary Magdalene Church, Holloway Road]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Geographic location
|title     = '''Neighbouring areas of London'''
|Northwest = [[Tufnell Park]]
|North     = [[Archway, London|Archway]]
|Northeast = [[Finsbury Park]]
|West      = [[Kentish Town]]
|Centre    = Holloway
|East      = [[Highbury]]
|Southwest = [[Camden Town]]
|South     = [[Kings Cross, London|King's Cross]]
|Southeast = [[Islington]]
}}
{{LB Islington}}
{{London Districts}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Districts of the London Borough of Islington]]
[[Category:Areas of London]]
[[Category:Places formerly in Middlesex]]