Editing Hole (band)

{{Short description|American alternative rock band}}
{{good article}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2015}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name              = Hole
| background        = group_or_band
| image             = Hole Live at Public Assembly NYC April 2013.jpg
| image_size        = 260px
| landscape         = yes
| caption           = Hole performing at Public Assembly, NYC in April 2012
| alias             = 
| origin            = [[Hollywood, Los Angeles|Hollywood]], [[Los Angeles]], [[California]], U.S.
| genre             = {{hlist| [[Alternative rock]]|[[grunge]]{{sfn|Kallen|2012|p=78}}|[[punk rock]]{{sfn|Hogg|2001|p=42}}|[[noise rock]]{{sfn|Anderson|2007|p=213}}|[[power pop]]<ref name="flipside" />}}
| discography       = [[Hole discography]]
| years_active      = {{hlist|{{Start date|1989}}–2002| 2009–2012}}
| label             = {{flatlist|
*[[Sympathy for the Record Industry]]
*[[Sub Pop]]
*[[Caroline Records (U.S.)|Caroline]]
*[[City Slang]]
*[[DGC Records|DGC]]
*[[Mercury Records|Mercury]]
}}
| associated_acts   = 
| website           = 
| past_members      = * [[Courtney Love]]
* [[Eric Erlandson]]
* Mike Geisbrecht
* Lisa Roberts
* Caroline Rue
* Jill Emery
* [[Patty Schemel]]
* [[Leslie Hardy (musician)|Leslie Hardy]]
* [[Kristen Pfaff]]
* [[Melissa Auf der Maur]]
* [[Samantha Maloney]]
* [[Micko Larkin]]
* [[Shawn Dailey]]
* [[Stu Fisher]]
* [[Scott Lipps]]
}}

'''Hole''' was an American [[alternative rock]] band formed in [[Los Angeles]], California, in [[1989 in music|1989]].  It was founded by singer and guitarist [[Courtney Love]] and guitarist [[Eric Erlandson]]. It had several different bassists and drummers, the most prolific being drummer [[Patty Schemel]], and bassists [[Kristen Pfaff]] (d. 1994) and [[Melissa Auf der Maur]]. Hole released a total of four studio albums between two incarnations spanning the 1990s and early-2010s and became one of the most commercially successful rock bands in history fronted by a woman.{{sfn|Carson|Lewis|Shaw|2004|pages=89–90}}

Influenced by Los Angeles' [[punk rock]] scene, the band's debut album, ''[[Pretty on the Inside]]'' (1991), was produced by [[Kim Gordon]] of [[Sonic Youth]], and attracted critical interest from British and American alternative press. Their second album, ''[[Live Through This]]'', released in 1994 by [[DGC Records]], combined elements of punk, [[grunge music|grunge]], and pop rock music,{{sfn|Kallen|2012|p=78}} and was widely acclaimed, reaching [[RIAA certification|platinum status]] within a year of its release. Their third album, ''[[Celebrity Skin]]'' (1998), marked a notable departure from their earlier punk influences, boasting a more commercially viable sound; the album sold around 2 million copies worldwide, and earned them significant critical acclaim.

They disbanded in 2002, and the members individually pursued other projects. Eight years later in 2010, Hole was reformed by Love with new members, despite Erlandson's claim that the reformation breached a mutual contract he had with her. The reformed band released the album ''[[Nobody's Daughter]]'' (2010), which was conceived as Love's second solo album. In 2013, Love retired the Hole name, releasing new material and touring as a solo artist.

Hole received several accolades, including four [[Grammy Awards|Grammy Award]] nominations. They were also commercially successful, selling over three million records in the United States alone, and had a far-reaching influence on contemporary female artists. Music and [[feminism|feminist]] scholars have also recognized the band as the most high-profile musical group of the 1990s to discuss gender issues in their songs, due to Love's aggressive and violent lyrical content, which often addressed themes of body image, abuse, and sexual exploitation.

==Background==
{{quote box|width=27%|align=right|bgcolor=lavender|quote=In Euripides' ''Medea'', when she kills the bride and her own child, she says "There's a hole that pierces my soul." [And] my mother's this kind of new age psychologist, and I said "You know, I had this terrible childhood," and she said "Well, you can't have a hole running through you all the time, Courtney." You know, and then [there's] the genital reference, go ahead and make it if you will.|source= —Courtney Love on the origins of the name Hole, 1995.<ref name="jools">{{cite episode|series=[[Later... with Jools Holland]] |airdate=1995 |title=Courtney Love and Hole |first=Courtney |last=Love |location=London, United Kingdom |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cTOcqd7SSQ4 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131031150415/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cTOcqd7SSQ4 |archive-date=October 31, 2013 }}</ref>}}

Hole formed after [[Eric Erlandson]] responded to an advertisement placed by [[Courtney Love]] in ''[[The Recycler]]'' in the summer of 1989.  The advertisement read: "I want to start a band. My influences are [[Big Black]], [[Sonic Youth]], and [[Fleetwood Mac]]."{{Sfn|Brite|1998|p=100}} Erlandson recalled of their first meeting: "We met at this coffee shop, and I saw her and I thought 'Oh, God. Oh, no, What am I getting myself into?' She grabbed me and started talking, and she's like 'I know you're the right one', and I hadn't even opened my mouth yet."<ref name="cohen">{{cite magazine|title=Hole: Life in a Band with Courtney Love, Rock's Wildest Diva |magazine=[[Rolling Stone]] |date=August 24, 1995 |author=Cohen, Jason |page=66 |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/features/hole-is-a-band-19950824 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114195707/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/features/hole-is-a-band-19950824 |archive-date=November 14, 2015 }} (re-published in ''The '90s: The Inside Stories from the Decade That Rocked'' by Rolling Stone LLC)</ref> In retrospect, Love said that Erlandson "had a [[Thurston Moore|Thurston  [Moore]]] quality about him" and was an "intensely weird, good guitarist".{{Sfn|Brite|1998|p=100}} In his 2012 book, ''[[Letters to Kurt]]'', Erlandson revealed that he and Love had a sexual relationship during their first year together in the band,{{Sfn|Erlandson|2012|p=7|ps=: <q>My girlfriend and bandmate at the time, Courtney Love, and I were introduced to him in the parking lot after a Butthole Surfers show at the Hollywood Palladium&nbsp;... We had kept our relationship a secret. Courtney did not want our band to lose its sex appeal. She believed that couple bands were too unavailable. The fact was, for more than a year, we had shared a deep and powerful, if codependent, bond.</q>}} which Love also confirmed.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fuse.tv/2012/03/courtney-love-eric-erlandson-hole-cobain-book |work=Fuse |title=Courtney Love Is Not Gonna Be Happy About New Cobain Book |date=March 8, 2012 |access-date=September 13, 2012 |author=Shapiro, Dave |quote=I wish [Eric] well. Even more than Dave [Grohl] and [Krist] Novoselic, Eric was family&nbsp;... I just hope he didn't write that we dated. We had sex, yes, but I don't date. |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311053257/http://www.fuse.tv/2012/03/courtney-love-eric-erlandson-hole-cobain-book |archive-date=March 11, 2012 }}</ref>

Love had been living a nomadic life prior, immersing herself in numerous music scenes and living in various cities along the [[West Coast of the United States|West Coast]].{{Sfn|Marks|1995|pages=47–48, 79}} After unsuccessful attempts at forming bands in [[San Francisco]] (where she was briefly a member of [[Faith No More]]){{sfn|Behind the Music|2010|loc=event occurs at 16:07}} and [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]], Love relocated to Los Angeles, where she found work as an actress in two [[Alex Cox]] films (''[[Sid and Nancy]]'' and ''[[Straight to Hell (film)|Straight to Hell]]'').<ref>{{cite news|title=Courtney Love: Force of Nature|work=BBC News Worldwide|date=February 4, 2003|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/2725377.stm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306040614/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/2725377.stm|archive-date=March 6, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.avclub.com/milwaukee/events/it-came-from-kuchar,155451|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104024331/http://www.avclub.com/milwaukee/events/it-came-from-kuchar%2C155451|work=The A.V. Club|title=It Came From Kuchar|date=June 15, 2010|archive-date=November 4, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> Erlandson, a Los Angeles native and a graduate of [[Loyola Marymount University]], was working as an [[accountant]] for [[Capitol Records]] at the time he met Love.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mason |first1=Darryl |year=1995 |title=Hole: A New Lease of Life |journal=The West Australian |issue=January}}</ref>

Love originally wanted to name the band Sweet Baby Crystal Powered by God, but opted for the name Hole instead.{{Sfn|Brite|1998|p=101}} During an interview on ''[[Later... with Jools Holland]]'', she claimed the name for the band was partly inspired by a quote from [[Euripides]]' ''[[Medea (play)|Medea]]'' that read: "There is a hole that pierces right through me."<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1eICAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA41|title=Feminism Amplified|journal=[[New York (magazine)|New York]]|first=Kim|last=France|date=June 3, 1996|publisher=K-III Magazine Corporation|page=41|access-date=October 11, 2016|via=[[Google Books]]}} {{free access}}</ref> She also cited a conversation with her mother as the primary inspiration for the band's name, in which her mother told her that she couldn't live her life "with a hole running through her".<ref name="jools" /><ref name="flipside">{{cite journal|title = Hole|number=68|date=September 1990|journal=[[Flipside (fanzine)|Flipside]]|location=Los Angeles, California|author=Al & Gus}} Scans available [https://courtneylovescans.wordpress.com/2010/03/27/1990-hole-flipside/ here] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170313040740/https://courtneylovescans.wordpress.com/2010/03/27/1990-hole-flipside/ |date=March 13, 2017 }}.</ref> Love also acknowledged the "obvious" genital reference in the band's name, alluding to the [[vagina]].<ref name="jools" />

==History==
===1989–1991: Early work and indie success===
[[File:Hole 1989 LA.jpg|thumb|left|upright=.75|Love and Erlandson performing with Hole, {{circa|1989}}.|alt=Woman in dress playing guitar, with a man in background]]
In the months preceding the band's full formation, Love and Erlandson would write and record in the evenings at a rehearsal space in Hollywood, loaned to them by the [[Red Hot Chili Peppers]];<ref>{{cite interview
 |last           = Love
 |first          = Courtney
 |interviewer1   = Anthony Cumia
 |interviewer2   = Greg Hughes
 |title          = Interview with Anthony Cumia and Greg Hughes
 |work           = [[The Opie & Anthony Show]]
 |location       = New York City
 |date           = May 30, 2013
 |quote          = Without insulting one of my oldest friends who let me use his rehearsal space before I even had a band, therefore I wouldn't even be here without Flea
 }}</ref> during the day, Love worked as a [[stripper]] to support the band and purchase amplifiers and their [[backline (stage)|backline]] for live shows.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b04lcct3 |work=BBC Radio 6 |title=The First Time With&nbsp;... Courtney Love |date=October 12, 2014 |access-date=October 15, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017083140/http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b04lcct3 |archive-date=October 17, 2014 }}</ref> Hole's first official rehearsal took place at Fortress Studios in Hollywood with Love, Erlandson and Lisa Roberts on bass. According to Erlandson, "these two girls show up dressed completely crazy, we set up and they said, "okay, just start playing something." I started playing and they started screaming at the top of their lungs for two or three hours. Crazy lyrics and screaming. I said to myself, "most people would just run away from this really fast. But I heard something in Courtney's voice and lyrics."<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Erlandson |first1=Eric |year=1999 |title=''Skin Tight'' |journal=Guitar World |issue=January 1999}}</ref> Initially, the band had no percussion until Love met drummer Caroline Rue<ref name=flipside/> at a [[Gwar]] and [[L7 (band)|L7]] concert in Long Beach.{{sfn|Rue|2022|loc=17:04}} The band subsequently recruited a third guitarist, Mike Geisbrecht. Hole's first show took place at [[Raji's]], a small bar in Hollywood, in October 1989.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/96264521/l7-oct-14-1989-rajis/|date=October 12, 1989|page=112|title=Calendar of Events: Raji's|via=Newspapers.com|work=[[LA Weekly]]}}</ref> By early 1990, Geisbrecht and Roberts had both left the band, which led to the recruitment of bassist Jill Emery. According to Caroline Rue, Love fired Roberts after she threatened a Long Beach club owner—the wife of [[gangster|mob]]ster [[Eddie Nash]]—with a screwdriver when the club refused to pay them for their performance.{{sfn|Rue|2022|loc=23:08}}

Hole released their [[no wave]]-influenced debut single "[[Retard Girl]]" in April 1990, and followed it with "[[Dicknail]]" in 1991, released on [[Sympathy for the Record Industry]] and [[Sub Pop]], respectively. According to disc jockey [[Rodney Bingenheimer]], Love would often approach him at a [[Denny's]] on [[Sunset Blvd.]] where he went for coffee in the mornings, and convinced him to give "Retard Girl" airtime on his station [[KROQ-FM]].<ref name="etrue">{{cite episode|series=The E! True Hollywood Story|title=Courtney Love|airdate=October 5, 2003|network=E!}}</ref>

In 1991, the band signed onto [[Caroline Records]] to release their debut album, and Love sought [[Kim Gordon]] of [[Sonic Youth]] to produce the record.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.monochrom.at/cracked/music/noiserockfaq.htm |work=Monochrom: Cracked Webzine |author=Cracked, George |date=April 2002 |title=The Noise Rock: F.A.Q. |access-date=February 1, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101208063144/http://www.monochrom.at/cracked/music/noiserockfaq.htm |archive-date=December 8, 2010 |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cduniverse.com/search/xx/music/pid/1020294/a/Pretty+On+The+Inside.htm|work=CD Universe|title=Pretty on the Inside|access-date=June 30, 2010}}</ref> She sent a letter, a [[Hello Kitty]] barrette, and copies of the band's early singles to her, mentioning that the band greatly admired Gordon's work and appreciated "the production of the [[SST Records|SST]] record"{{Sfn|Love|2006|p=116}} (either referring to Sonic Youth's album ''[[Sister (Sonic Youth album)|Sister]]'' or ''[[Evol (Sonic Youth album)|EVOL]]''). Gordon, impressed by the band's singles, agreed to produce the album, with assistance from [[Gumball (band)|Gumball]]'s Don Fleming. The album, titled ''[[Pretty on the Inside]]'', was released in September 1991 to positive reception from underground critics, branded "loud, ugly and deliberately shocking",<ref>''[[Q (magazine)|Q]]''. "Review: Pretty on the Inside by Hole". (1991-10). p. 138</ref> and earned a spot on ''[[Spin (magazine)|Spin]]''{{'}}s "20 Best Albums of the Year" list.<ref name="best20">{{Cite news|work=[[Spin (magazine)|Spin]]|date=December 17, 1991|title=20 Best Albums of the Year|page=122|author=Spencer, Lauren}}</ref> It was also voted album of the year by New York's ''[[Village Voice]]''{{Sfn|Strong|Peel|2002|p=696}} and peaked at number 59 on the UK albums chart.<ref name="charts">{{cite web|url=http://www.theofficialcharts.com/artist/_/HOLE/#albums |title=Hole |work=The Official Charts Company |access-date=December 15, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615185443/http://www.theofficialcharts.com/artist/_/hole/ |archive-date=June 15, 2011 }}</ref> The album spawned one single, "[[Teenage Whore]]", which entered the UK Indie Chart at number one,<ref name="twchart">{{cite episode|title=Indie Charts: September 28, 1991 |series=[[The Chart Show|The ITV Chart Show]] |network=Channel 4 |date=September 28, 1991 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FfnOji_bk_M |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122122301/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FfnOji_bk_M |archive-date=November 22, 2015 }}</ref> as well as the band's debut music video for the song "[[Garbadge Man]]".

Musically and lyrically, ''Pretty on the Inside'' was abrasive and drew on elements of punk rock and [[sludge metal]], characterized by overt noise and feedback, chaotic guitar riffs, contrasting tempos, graphic lyrics, and a variation of Love's vocals ranging from whispers to guttural screaming.<ref name=grievous>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1485868/courtney-love-talks-kurt-loder.jhtml |work=MTV |title=Courtney Love, Grievous Angel: The Interview With Kurt Loder |date=March 21, 2004 |access-date=October 7, 2013 |author=Loder, Kurt |author-link=Kurt Loder |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604001851/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1485868/courtney-love-talks-kurt-loder.jhtml |archive-date=June 4, 2011 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref> In later years, Love referred to the album as "unlistenable", despite its critical accolades and eventual [[cult following]].<ref name="hitsohard">{{cite web|url=https://www.nme.com/blogs/the-movies-blog/10-things-we-learn-about-kurt-cobain-and-courtney-love-from-hit-so-hard-776113 |work=[[NME]] |date=March 24, 2011 |author=Cooper, Leonie |title=10 Things We Learn About Kurt Cobain And Courtney Love From Hit So Hard |access-date=March 27, 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312200928/http://www.nme.com/blogs/the-movies-blog/10-things-we-learn-about-kurt-cobain-and-courtney-love-from-hit-so-hard-776113 |archive-date=March 12, 2017 }}</ref> The band embarked on a European [[Pretty on the Inside Tour|tour in the fall of 1991]] supporting [[Mudhoney]].{{sfn|Brite|1998|p=115}}{{sfn|Crawford|2014|p=37}} They also toured intermittently in the United States between July and December 1991, playing primarily at hard rock and punk clubs, including [[CBGB]] and the [[Whisky a Go Go]], where they opened for [[the Smashing Pumpkins]].<ref name="sp">{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-12-19-ca-712-story.html |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=December 19, 1991 |access-date=September 15, 2011 |title=Pop Music Review: Pumpkins, Hole Unleash Frustrations |author=Cromelin, Richard |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108044636/http://articles.latimes.com/1991-12-19/entertainment/ca-712_1_pumpkins-album |archive-date=November 8, 2012 }}</ref> In a write-up by the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' on the band's final show of the tour, it was noted that Love smashed the headstock of her [[Rickenbacker]] guitar onstage.<ref name="sp" />

In mid-1991, the band began to get the attention of the major labels. The first to court them was [[Maverick (company)|Maverick]] — a [[Warner Music Group|Warner]] subsidiary founded by [[Madonna (entertainer)|Madonna]] and music executive [[Freddy DeMann]]. Love, however, was uninterested: "[They] would have me riding on elephants. They don't know what I am. For them, I'm a visual, period."<ref name="vanityfair92">{{cite magazine|magazine=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]|author=Hirschberg, Lynn|title=Strange Love|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2016/03/love-story-of-kurt-cobain-courtney-love|access-date=December 22, 2017|date=September 1, 1992}}</ref> She was also uneasy about sharing the spotlight on a label so heavily associated with one of the industry's most iconic female performers. In a 1992 interview with ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]'', Love described Madonna's interest as "kind of like Dracula's interest in his latest victim".<ref name="vanityfair92"/>

===1992–1999: Mainstream success===
====1992–1995: ''Live Through This''====
{{See also|Live Through This Tour}}
Love and Erlandson began writing new material for a second Hole album in 1992, in the midst of Love's pregnancy with [[Nirvana (band)|Nirvana]] frontman [[Kurt Cobain]]. Love's desire to take the band in a more melodic and controlled rock format led bassist Emery to leave the band,<ref name="behindthemusic">{{cite episode|network=Vh1 |airdate=June 21, 2010 |title=Courtney Love |series=Behind the Music |url=http://www.vh1.com/video/behind-the-music/full-episodes/courtney-love/1642087/playlist.jhtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130815015707/http://www.vh1.com/video/behind-the-music/full-episodes/courtney-love/1642087/playlist.jhtml |archive-date=August 15, 2013 }}</ref> and drummer Caroline Rue followed. In an advertisement to find a new bass player, Love wrote: "[I want] someone who can play ok, and stand in front of 30,000 people, take off her shirt and have 'fuck you' written on her tits. If you're not afraid of me and you're not afraid to fucking say it, send a letter. No more pussies, no more fake girls, I want a whore from hell."{{Sfn|Meltzer|2010|p=47}} In April 1992, drummer [[Patty Schemel]] was recruited after an audition in Los Angeles, but the band spent the remainder of the year without a bassist; Love, Schemel, and Erlandson began to write material together in the interim.<ref name=hitsohard/>

Hole signed to [[Geffen Records|Geffen]]'s subsidiary [[DGC Records|DGC]] label with an eight-album contract in late 1992. In the spring of 1993, the band released their single "[[Beautiful Son]]", which was recorded in Seattle with producer [[Jack Endino]] as a fill-in bass player; Love also played bass on the single's b-side "20 Years In the Dakota", as well as on their contribution to the 1993 [[Germs (band)|Germs]] tribute album ''[[A Small Circle of Friends (album)|A Small Circle of Friends]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/a-small-circle-of-friends-a-germs-tribute-mw0000186608 |work=Allmusic |title=A Small Circle of Friends: A Germs Tribute: Various Artists |access-date=September 27, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121217052216/http://www.allmusic.com/album/a-small-circle-of-friends-a-germs-tribute-mw0000186608 |archive-date=December 17, 2012 }}</ref> In the spring of 1993, Love and Erlandson recruited [[Janitor Joe]] bassist [[Kristen Pfaff]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/janitor-joe-mn0000807910 |work=AllMusic |title=Janitor Joe |access-date=October 29, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120622190717/http://www.allmusic.com/artist/janitor-joe-mn0000807910 |archive-date=June 22, 2012 }}</ref> and the band toured the United Kingdom in the summer of that year (including the Phoenix Festival on July 16), mainly performing material from their upcoming major label debut, ''Live Through This'', which they recorded at Triclops Studios in Marietta, Georgia in October 1993.
[[File:Courtney Love 1995 by Andrzej Liguz.jpg|thumb|upright=.75|right|Courtney Love performing with Hole at [[Big Day Out]], [[Melbourne, Victoria|Melbourne]], January 22, 1995.]]
''[[Live Through This]]'' was released on April 12, 1994, one week after Love's husband, Kurt Cobain, was found dead in his Seattle home. In the wake of Love's family tragedy, ''Live Through This'' was a critical success. It spawned several popular singles, including "[[Doll Parts]]", "[[Violet (Hole song)|Violet]]", and "[[Miss World (song)|Miss World]]", going multi-platinum and being hailed "Album of the Year" by ''Spin'' magazine.<ref name="ltttower">{{cite web |url=http://www.tower.com/live-through-this-hole-cd/wapi/105768439 |work=Tower Records |title=Live Through This |access-date=April 23, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604011348/http://www.tower.com/live-through-this-hole-cd/wapi/105768439 |archive-date=June 4, 2011 |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|journal=[[NME]] |date=December 24, 1994|page=22|title=Live Through This review}} Ranked No.&nbsp;12 in NME's list of the "Top 50 Albums Of 1994".</ref> ''[[NME]]'' called the album "a personal but secretive thrash-pop opera of urban nihilism and passionate dumb thinks",<ref>{{cite journal|journal=NME |date=April 9, 1994|page=40|title=Live Through This: Review}}</ref> and ''Rolling Stone'' said the album "may be the most potent blast of female insurgency ever committed to tape".<ref name=fricke>{{cite magazine|magazine=Rolling Stone |date=April 21, 1994 |page=191 |title=Live Through This |author=Fricke, David |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150908080541/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/albumreviews/live-through-this-19940421 |archive-date=September 8, 2015 |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/albumreviews/live-through-this-19940421 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Despite the critical praise for ''Live Through This'', rumors circulated insinuating that Cobain had actually written the majority of the album, though the band vehemently denies this.<ref name="behindthemusic" /> The band's drummer Patty Schemel, who had been friends with Cobain since the late 1980s,<ref name="hitsohard"/>  said: "There's that myth that Kurt [Cobain] wrote all our songs— it's not true. Courtney and Eric wrote ''Live Through This''."<ref name="behindthemusic" /> The band did, however, state that Love convinced Cobain to provide backing vocals on "[[Asking for It (Hole song)|Asking for It]]" and "Softer, Softest" while visiting the studio, and music producers and engineers present during the recording sessions noted that Cobain seemed "completely unfamiliar" with the songs.{{Sfn|Edwards|2006|p=88}} According to ''Rolling Stone'' rock journalist Gavin Edwards, Love and Cobain had written songs together in the past, but opted to not release them because it was "a bit too redolent of [[John Lennon|John]] and [[Yoko Ono|Yoko]]".{{Sfn|Edwards|2006|p=87}}

In 1994, bassist Kristen Pfaff went into a drug treatment facility to treat her heroin addiction. Pfaff contemplated leaving the band for health reasons. In June 1994, she was found dead of a heroin overdose in the bathroom of her Seattle home, 2 months after the death of Cobain.<ref name="murakami">{{cite web|url=https://archive.seattletimes.com/archive/19940619/1916375/nodding-off-into-eternity----heroin-overdose-deaths-climbing-seattle-addicts-say-they-know-why |title=Hole Bassist Died Of Drug Overdose |date=July 12, 1994 |work=[[The Seattle Times]] |author=Murakami, Kery |access-date=December 28, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228165946/http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19940619&slug=1916375 |archive-date=December 28, 2013 }}</ref> The band put their impending tour on hold, pulling out of the upcoming [[Lollapalooza]] festival.

Recruiting bassist [[Melissa Auf der Maur]] over the summer, they commenced their world tour on August 26 at the [[Reading Festival]] in England, giving a performance that [[John Peel]] described as "teetering on the edge of chaos".<ref name="atreading">{{cite news|author=Peel, John|work=The Guardian|date=August 30, 1994|title=Hole at Reading}}</ref> The band embarked on a worldwide tour throughout late 1994 and for the duration of 1995, with appearances at the [[KROQ Almost Acoustic Christmas]], ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'', the [[Big Day Out]] festival, ''[[MTV Unplugged]]'', the 1995 [[Reading Festival]], Lollapalooza 1995, and at the ''[[MTV Video Music Awards]]'', where they were nominated for the "Doll Parts" music video.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/ontv/vma/1995/ |publisher=MTV |title=1995 MTV Video Music Awards |access-date=July 12, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160510091655/http://www.mtv.com/ontv/vma/1995/ |archive-date=May 10, 2016 |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.azcentral.com/thingstodo/music/articles/2010/09/09/20100909mtv-vmas-memorable-moments.html?page=4|title=10 Most Memorable Moments of the MTV Music Video Awards|author=Masley, Ed|work=The Arizona Republic|access-date=July 11, 2011}}</ref>

Love's reckless stage presence during the tour became a media spectacle, drawing press from MTV and other outlets due to her unpredictable performances.<ref>{{cite journal|journal=Los Angeles Times|date=August 2, 1995|access-date=April 11, 2011|title=Hole Performance Disrupted|author=Snow, Shauna|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-08-02-ca-30529-story.html}}</ref> While touring with Sonic Youth, Love got into a physical fight with [[Kathleen Hanna]] backstage at a 1995 Lollapalooza festival and punched her in the face.{{Sfn|Brite|1998|p=210}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.portlandmercury.com/portland/Content?oid=36053&category=34029 |work=Portland Mercury |date=January 9, 2006 |title=Raising America's Sweetheart: An Interview with Courtney Love's Mother |author=Bowie, Chas |access-date=April 21, 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204014839/http://www.portlandmercury.com/portland/Content?oid=36053&category=34029 |archive-date=February 4, 2012 }}</ref> In an August 1995 band interview with ''Rolling Stone'', drummer Patty Schemel formally [[coming out|came out]] as a [[lesbian]], saying: "It's important. I'm not out there with that fucking pink flag or anything, but it's good for other people who live somewhere else in some small town who feel freaky about being [[gay]] to know that there's other people who are and that it's okay."<ref name="cohen"/> In a retrospective interview, Schemel said:

{{blockquote|We had a really safe place [in Hole]. Courtney was a force that would not allow any of us to be spoken down to—or any of that kind of behavior in a space that we were in—no matter where we were. She was good at that. I felt safe in my band to come out as a gay woman.<ref>{{cite interview|last=Schemel|first=Patty|interviewer=[[Allison Wolfe]] and Jonathan Shifflett|title=Episode 4: Patty Schemel (Hole) on Making Zines with Kurt and Courtney|work=I'm In The Band|date=November 15, 2017|url=http://read.tidal.com/article/im-in-the-band-ep-4-patty-schemel-hole-on-making-zines-with-kurt-and-courtney}}</ref>}}

Toward the end of the tour, the band released their first [[Extended play|EP]], titled ''[[Ask for It]]'', in September 1995; it featured 1991 [[John Peel|Peel session]] recordings, as well as covers of songs by [[Wipers (band)|Wipers]] and [[The Velvet Underground]].<ref>{{cite journal|journal=[[Stereo Review]]|title=Hole - Ask For It|series=Popular Music|page=108|publisher=CBS Magazines|volume=61}}</ref> The band performed its last show of the year on September 3, 1995, at the Molson Polar Beach Party in [[Tuktoyaktuk]], [[Northwest Territories]], Canada. The concert was a promotional event for the [[Molson Brewery]], and also featured performances by [[Metallica]], [[Veruca Salt]], and [[Moist (Canadian band)|Moist]].<ref>{{cite news|first=William |last=Nicholls |work=The Nation |location=Tuktoyuktuk, NWT |issue=6 |volume=13 |year=1995 |title=Molson rocks Canada's Arctic |url=http://www.ammsa.com/node/20673 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170328195152/http://www.ammsa.com/node/20673 |archive-date=March 28, 2017 }}</ref>

====1996–1999: ''Celebrity Skin''====
In 1996, the band recorded and released a cover of [[Fleetwood Mac]]'s "[[Gold Dust Woman]]" for ''[[The Crow: City of Angels]]'' (1996) soundtrack,{{Sfn|Thompson|2000|p=418}} the band's first studio song to feature Melissa Auf der Maur on bass, and produced by [[Ric Ocasek]]. Hole released two retrospective albums during this time: firstly, their second  EP, titled ''[[The First Session]]'' (1997), which consisted of a complete version of the band's first recording session at Rudy's Rising Star in Los Angeles in March 1990, some of which had been bootlegged widely years prior. It featured the group's first ever recorded track, "[[Turpentine (song)|Turpentine]]", which had previously been unreleased to the public.<ref name=mbthg>{{cite AV media notes|title=My Body, the Hand Grenade|title-link=My Body, the Hand Grenade|others=Hole|year=1997|type=CD|publisher=City Slang|id=EFA 04995-2}}</ref> The same year, the band released their first compilation album, ''[[My Body, The Hand Grenade]]'' (1997), featuring early singles, b-sides and recent live tracks.<ref name=mbthg/><ref name="MM">{{cite journal|last=Love|first=Courtney|journal=[[Melody Maker]]|date=  June 14, 1997|title=Hole Lotta Love|volume=74|number=24|page=7|publisher=Holborn Publishing Group, IPC Magazines Ltd.|issn=0025-9012|id={{ProQuest|1103607}}}}</ref>

{{quote box|width=25%|align=left|bgcolor=lavender|quote=Our band is a collective, but Courtney has a lot of ideas and it's weird how they infiltrate our lives—it just happens. Like with the drowning theme, there were all these things going on while we were making this album, like [[Jeff Buckley]] drowning. And years before [bassist] Kristen [Pfaff] died in a bathtub. My father died basically drowning in his own body, he couldn't breathe, and Melissa's father died of lung cancer. Those were literal things, but drowning became a metaphor for this record and for all the people we had lost.|source= —Eric Erlandson on writing ''Celebrity Skin''<ref name=schwartz/>}}

In 1997, the band entered [[Conway Recording Studios]] in Los Angeles after attempts to write new material in Miami, New Orleans, London, and New York.<ref name=int/> Recorded over a ten-month period, Hole's third studio album, ''[[Celebrity Skin]]'' (1998), adopted a complete new sound for the band, incorporating elements of power pop, and had Love drawing influences from [[Fleetwood Mac]] and [[My Bloody Valentine (band)|My Bloody Valentine]].<ref name="int">{{cite AV media notes|title=The Interview|others=Hole|year=1998|type=CD|publisher=Geffen|id=PRO-CD-1232}}</ref> According to Erlandson, Love was more focused on song-writing and singing than playing guitar on the record; Love stated that her aim for the album was to "deconstruct the [[California Sound|California sound]]" in the L.A. tradition of bands like [[The Doors]], [[The Beach Boys]] and [[The Byrds]].<ref name="int" /> In addition to Hole, [[The Smashing Pumpkins|Smashing Pumpkins]] frontman [[Billy Corgan]] entered the studio and helped perfect five of the album's twelve songs.<ref name="int" /> Love, who felt she was in a creative slump, likened Corgan's presence in the studio to "a math teacher who wouldn't give you the answers but was making you solve the problems yourself".<ref name="int" />

Upon the album's release, Corgan told [[CNN]] that he should have "been given credit [for writing the entire album]".<ref name="cnn">{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/SHOWBIZ/Music/9809/04/review.hole/ |work=CNN |title=Hole flaunts survival with polished Celebrity Skin |date=September 4, 1998 |archive-date=December 2, 2002 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021202203015/http://www.cnn.com/SHOWBIZ/Music/9809/04/review.hole/ |author=Brandes, Wendy |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref> Erlandson responded to Corgan's statements in a ''Rolling Stone'' interview, commenting: "We were working on all the stuff that Courtney and I had already written. Billy really facilitated things, in a way&nbsp;... I would bring in the music, Courtney would start coming up with lyrics right away, and [Billy] would help map it all out." Erlandson also stated: "Courtney writes all her own lyrics. Nobody else is writing those lyrics and nobody ever has."<ref name="schwartz">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/holes-eric-erlandson-sheds-his-celebrity-skin-19981008?print=true |magazine=Rolling Stone |title=Hole's Eric Erlandson Sheds His Celebrity Skin |author=Schwartz, Jennifer |access-date=July 22, 2011 |date=October 8, 1998 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130203141244/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/holes-eric-erlandson-sheds-his-celebrity-skin-19981008?print=true |archive-date=February 3, 2013 }}</ref> One journalist took note of the controversy when reviewing the album, stating: "Back in 1994, the acclaim for ''Live Through This'' was undercut by whispers that Love's late husband wrote the album. Combine those [[conspiracy theories]] with the unfounded but persistent rumor that Cobain was actually murdered, and it is no surprise that, in the song 'Celebrity Skin', Love calls herself a walking study in [[demonology]]."<ref name="cnn" />

Although Schemel is listed as drummer in the liner notes of the record, her drumming does not actually appear on the record; she was replaced by session drummer [[Deen Castronovo]], under pressure from producer [[Michael Beinhorn]].<ref name="drum" /> After the replacement, Schemel quit the band.<ref name="drum">{{cite web|title=Lived Through That: Patty Schemel |url=http://www.drummagazine.com/features/post/lived-through-that-patty-schemel |work=[[DRUM!]] |author=Zulaica, Don |date=August 5, 2005 |archive-date=September 15, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100915042818/http://www.drummagazine.com/features/post/lived-through-that-patty-schemel |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="sohard">''Hit So Hard'' (2011) Documentary. Well Go USA (DVD).</ref> Though Love and Erlandson had authorized Schemel's replacement, both expressed regret in retrospect, and Love stated in 2011 that Beinhorn was notorious for replacing drummers on records, and referred to him as "a [[Nazi]]".<ref name="hitsohard" /> After Schemel's departure, the band hired drummer [[Samantha Maloney]] for their upcoming tours and music videos.<ref name="sohard" />

''Celebrity Skin'' was a critical success with strong sales and successful singles, including the title track, "[[Celebrity Skin (song)|Celebrity Skin]]", "[[Malibu (Hole song)|Malibu]]", and "[[Awful (song)|Awful]]". The album received largely positive reviews, with praise from music periodicals such as ''Rolling Stone'', ''NME'', and ''Blender'',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nme.com/reviews/hole/91 |title=Hole : Celebrity Skin – Album Reviews |work=[[NME]] |date=August 4, 1998 |access-date=July 20, 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606045547/http://www.nme.com/reviews/hole/91 |archive-date=June 6, 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/albumreviews/celebrity-skin-19980901 |title=Celebrity Skin by Hole |author=Hunter, Tim |magazine=Rolling Stone |date=September 1, 1998 |access-date=July 20, 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160426024647/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/albumreviews/celebrity-skin-19980901 |archive-date=April 26, 2016 }}</ref> as well as a four-star review from the ''Los Angeles Times'',<ref name="LATCS">{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-sep-06-ca-19879-story.html|work=Los Angeles Times|date=September 6, 1998|author=Hilburn, Robert|title=Love Adds Glow To 'Skin'|access-date=May 20, 2011}}</ref> calling it a "wild emotional ride" sure to be "one of the most dissected and debated collections of the year".<ref name="LATCS" /> The album peaked at number 9 on the [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]], and garnered the band its first and only number 1 single, "Celebrity Skin", which topped the [[Modern Rock Tracks]].<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Celebrity Skin - Hole |url={{BillboardURLbyName|artist=hole|chart=all}} |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |access-date=April 27, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100412100836/http://www.billboard.com/ |archive-date=April 12, 2010 }}</ref> "Malibu", released December 29, 1998, was the album's second single; it charted at number 3 on the Modern Rock Tracks.<ref>{{cite magazine|url={{BillboardURLbyName|artist=hole|chart=all}} |title=Malibu – Hole |magazine=Billboard |access-date=July 3, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100412100836/http://www.billboard.com/ |archive-date=April 12, 2010 }}</ref>

===1999–2002: Final tour and disbandment===
In the winter of 1998–99, Hole went on tour to promote ''Celebrity Skin'', joining [[Marilyn Manson (band)|Marilyn Manson]], who was promoting his album, ''[[Mechanical Animals]]'' (1998) on the [[Beautiful Monsters Tour]].<ref name=walks/> The tour turned into a publicity magnet, and Hole dropped out of the tour nine dates in, due to both the majority of the fans being Manson's, and the 50/50 financial arrangement between the groups, with Hole's production costs being disproportionately less than Manson's.<ref name=walks>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1430056/hole-walks-out-on-tour-manson-injury-postpones-several-dates/ |title=Hole Walks Out On Tour, Manson Injury Postpones Several Dates |work=MTV News |date=March 15, 1999 |archive-date=December 20, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141220031236/http://www.mtv.com/news/1430056/hole-walks-out-on-tour-manson-injury-postpones-several-dates |url-status=dead }}</ref> Manson and Love often mocked one another onstage, and Love attacked Manson's stage antics, which included tearing up a [[The Bible|Bible]] during performances: "You know, whenever somebody rips up the Bible in front of 40,000 people, I think it's a big deal", she said during a 1999 interview.<ref name="etrue" /> Hole officially announced that they would be dropping out of the tour after a poorly received concert at the [[Rose Garden Arena]] in [[Portland, Oregon]], which ended with Manson fans booing the band.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eonline.com/uberblog/b37844_courtney_love_lost_in_portland.html |work=[[E!|E! Online]] |title=Courtney Love Lost in Portland |date=March 9, 1999 |access-date=July 22, 2011 |author=Ryan, Joal |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120729051400/http://www.eonline.com/uberblog/b37844_courtney_love_lost_in_portland.html |archive-date=July 29, 2012 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

The band continued to book shows and headline festivals after dropping off Manson's tour, and according to Auf der Maur, it was a "daily event" for Love to invite audience members onstage to sing with her for the last song at nearly every concert performance.<ref name="natgeo">{{cite web|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/photography/article/music-on-photography-melissa-auf-der-maur |work=National Geographic |series=Music On&nbsp;... Photography |title=Courtney Love in Crowd Onstage |archive-date=December 29, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111229030941/http://photography.nationalgeographic.com/photography/photos/music-on-photography-melissa-auf-der-maur |url-status=live }}</ref> On June 17, 1999, during Hole's set at the [[Hultsfred Festival]] in Sweden, a 19-year-old girl died after being crushed by the mosh pit behind the mixing board.<ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=Billboard|title=Loss of Life Fails to Halt Festival|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-g8EAAAAMBAJ&q=hultsfred+hole+sweden&pg=PA109|page=109|volume=112|issue=29|issn=0006-2510
|date=July 15, 2000|via=Google Books}} {{free access}}</ref> Hole played its final show at Thunderbird Stadium in Vancouver on July 14, 1999.<ref name=upi>{{cite web|url=http://www.upi.com/Cobain-was-working-on-new-music/67971334798655/ |publisher=UPI |title=Cobain was working on new music |date=April 18, 2012 |access-date=March 9, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312071951/http://www.upi.com/Cobain-was-working-on-new-music/67971334798655/ |archive-date=March 12, 2017 }}</ref>

In October 1999, Auf der Maur quit Hole and went on to become a touring bassist for The Smashing Pumpkins.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2014/sep/12/melissa-auf-der-maur-people-are-afraid-to-care-about-shit |work=The Guardian |title=Melissa Auf der Maur: 'I've always turned a blind eye to cynicism |first=Jamie |last=Peck |date=September 12, 2014 |access-date=March 10, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170311163629/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2014/sep/12/melissa-auf-der-maur-people-are-afraid-to-care-about-shit |archive-date=March 11, 2017 }}</ref> Samantha Maloney also quit a few months later.<ref name=saraceno>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/hole-call-it-quits-20020524 |magazine=Rolling Stone |title=Hole Call It Quits |date=May 24, 2002 |access-date=December 26, 2016 |author=Saraceno, Christina |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151209012333/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/hole-call-it-quits-20020524 |archive-date=December 9, 2015 }}</ref> The band's final release was a single for the movie ''[[Any Given Sunday]]'' (1999). "[[Be a Man (song)|Be a Man]]", released in March 2000, was an outtake from the ''Celebrity Skin'' sessions.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/520435/rock-radio-slow-to-embrace-holes-be-a-man/ |work=MTV |title=Radio Rock Slow to Embrace Hole's "Be a Man" |date=December 4, 1999 |author=Van Horn, Teri |access-date=January 22, 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202010414/http://www.mtv.com/news/520435/rock-radio-slow-to-embrace-holes-be-a-man/ |archive-date=February 2, 2017 }}</ref> In April 2002, Love called [[The Howard Stern Show]] and said she had written nine songs with songwriter [[Linda Perry]], but less than a month later Love and Erlandson officially disbanded Hole via a message posted on the band's website.<ref name=saraceno/><ref>{{cite web|url={{AllMusic|class=album|id=r195552|pure_url=yes}} |work=AllMusic |title=Hole at AllMusic.com |access-date=March 15, 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111225053111/http://www.allmusic.com/album/r195552 |archive-date=December 25, 2011 }}</ref> After the split, the four musicians each took on projects of their own: Erlandson continued to work as a producer and session musician, eventually forming the experimental group [[RRIICCEE]] with controversial artist [[Vincent Gallo]].<ref name=fagan>{{cite web|url=https://www.austinchronicle.com/screens/2007-11-30/565874/|work=The Austin Chronicle|title=Man of a Thousand Faces: Vincent Gallo|access-date=December 28, 2017|date=November 30, 2007|author=Fagan, Mark}}</ref> Love began a solo career, releasing her debut, ''[[America's Sweetheart (Courtney Love album)|America's Sweetheart]]'', in 2004, featuring several of the songs written with Perry.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.villagevoice.com/issues/0408/phillips.php|work=The Village Voice|date=February 23, 2004|first=Amy|last=Phillips|access-date=November 9, 2015|archive-date=March 7, 2004|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040307145925/http://www.villagevoice.com/issues/0408/phillips.php|title=A big juicy fuckup for hissyfit-having little girls who hate being little girls}}</ref> [[Melissa Auf der Maur]] also embarked on a solo career, and released her [[Auf der Maur (album)|self-titled]] debut album in 2004, which included Erlandson performing lead guitar on the track, "Would If I Could".<ref>{{Cite AV media notes |title=Auf der Maur |others=Erlandson, Eric; [[James Iha|Iha, James]] |year=2004 |first=Melissa |last=Auf der Maur |page=2 |type=CD|publisher=Capitol Records|id=  7243 5 78941 2 8}}</ref> Her second album, ''[[Out of Our Minds]]'', was released in March 2010.<ref>{{cite web|work=AllMusic|title=Out of Our Minds by Melissa Auf der Maur|url=https://itunes.apple.com/gb/album/out-of-our-minds/362236555|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180206143200/https://itunes.apple.com/gb/album/out-of-our-minds/362236555|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 6, 2018|access-date=February 5, 2018}}</ref> Hole's body of work from its inception to its first disbandment includes thirteen singles,<ref name=singlesandeps>{{cite web|work=AllMusic|title=Hole Album Discography: Singles|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/hole-mn0000680476/discography/singles|archive-url=https://archive.today/20180206004100/https://www.allmusic.com/artist/hole-mn0000680476/discography/singles|archive-date=February 6, 2018|access-date=February 5, 2018|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}</ref> three LPs,{{sfn|Bogdanov|Woodstra|Erlewine|2002|p=532}} three EPs,<ref name=singlesandeps/> and one compilation album.{{sfn|Bogdanov|Woodstra|Erlewine|2002|p=532}}

===2009–2013: Reformation===
[[File: Hole SXSW 2010 (2).jpg |thumb|upright=1|left|Love and [[Micko Larkin]] performing with Hole at [[SXSW]] in Austin, Texas, 2010.]]On June 17, 2009, seven years after Hole's disbandment, ''[[NME]]'' reported that Love was re-forming the band with guitarist [[Micko Larkin]] for an upcoming album, on which Melissa Auf der Maur would be providing backup vocals.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nme.com/photos/13-things-we-learn-in-this-week-s-nme-18-june-2009-1432818|work=[[NME]]|title=13 things we learn in this week's NME|date=June 17, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201041250/http://www.nme.com/photos/13-things-we-learn-in-this-week-s-nme-18-june-2009-1432818|archive-date=December 1, 2017}}</ref> Days later, Melissa Auf der Maur stated in an interview that she was unaware of any reunion, but said Love had asked her to contribute harmonies to an upcoming album.<ref>{{cite web|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2009/jun/23/courtney-love-hole-reunion-questioned|title=Courtney Love's Hole reunion questioned by former bassist|author=Michaels, Sean|date=June 23, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122181606/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2009/jun/23/courtney-love-hole-reunion-questioned|archive-date=January 22, 2018}}</ref> In response, Eric Erlandson stated in an interview with ''[[Spin (magazine)|Spin]]'' magazine that a reunion could not take place without his involvement, citing that he and Love "have a contract".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.spin.com/2009/07/qa-holes-eric-erlandson/ |title=Q&A: Hole's Eric Erlandson |work=Spin|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011154155/https://www.spin.com/2009/07/qa-holes-eric-erlandson/|date=July 9, 2009|last=Peisner|first=David|archive-date=October 11, 2012 }}</ref>

Hole launched a new website and various social media pages on January 1, 2010, and performed on ''[[Friday Night with Jonathan Ross]]'' in February. On February 17, 2010, they played a full set at the [[O2 Shepherd's Bush Empire]], with support from [[Little Fish (band)|Little Fish]]. On March 16, the first Hole single in ten years was released, titled "[[Skinny Little Bitch]]"; it peaked at No. 29 on the [[Billboard charts#Rock|Billboard Rock Chart]], and at No. 21 on the [[Alternative Songs|Alternative Singles]] chart.<ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=Billboard|date=April 3, 2010|page=44|title=Data for Week of April 23, 2010|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rOA5W_BoYGIC&q=skinny+little+bitch+no.+32&pg=RA3-PA44|volume=122|issue=13|issn=0006-2510
|via=Google Books}} {{free access}}</ref> The track also received airplay on [[Active rock]] and alternative radio.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2010/mar/25/courtney-love-interview |work=The Guardian |title=Courtney Love: 'Sometimes I'm a little bit weird&nbsp;... but never unpopular' |first=Alexis |last=Petridis |date=March 25, 2010 |archive-date=July 2, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160702211752/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2010/mar/25/courtney-love-interview |url-status=dead }}</ref>

''[[Nobody's Daughter]]'' was released on April 26, 2010, worldwide on [[Mercury Records]], and was received moderately well by music critics.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/music_blog/2010/04/album-review-holes-nobodys-daughter.html |work=Los Angeles Times |title=Album review: Hole's 'Nobody's Daughter' |date=April 27, 2010 |access-date=May 20, 2010 |first=Margaret |last=Wappler |series=Pop & Hiss |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100501004910/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/music_blog/2010/04/album-review-holes-nobodys-daughter.html |archive-date=May 1, 2010 }}</ref> ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' gave the album three out of five stars, but noted "[while Love] was an absolute monster vocalist in the nineties, the greatest era ever for rock singers&nbsp;... She doesn't have that power in her lungs anymore – barely a trace. But at least she remembers, and that means something in itself." The magazine also referred to the album as "not a true success", but a "noble effort".<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/reviews/album/2746/20532 |title=Nobody's Daughter |author=Sheffield, Rob |magazine=Rolling Stone |date=April 26, 2010 |access-date=July 11, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100704101946/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/reviews/album/2746/20532 |archive-date=July 4, 2010 }}</ref> Love's voice, which had become noticeably raspier, was compared to the likes of [[Bob Dylan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/14178-nobodys-daughter/ |work=Pitchfork |title=Nobody's Daughter |date=April 27, 2010 |access-date=July 11, 2011 |author=Petrusich, Amanda |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150111000527/http://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/14178-nobodys-daughter/ |archive-date=January 11, 2015 }}</ref> ''[[NME]]'' gave the album a 6/10 rating, and [[Robert Christgau]] rated it an "A−", saying, "Thing is, I can use some new punk rage in my life, and unless you're a fan of [[Goldman Sachs]] and [[BP]] Petroleum, so can you. What's more, better it come from a 45-year-old woman who knows how to throw her weight around than from the zitty newbies and tattooed road dogs who churn most of it out these days. I know—for her, BP Petroleum is just something else to pretend about. But the emotion fueling her pretense is cathartic nevertheless."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.robertchristgau.com/get_artist.php?name=Hole |work=Robert Christgau |title=Robert Christgau: CG: Hole |access-date=July 11, 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130701105522/http://www.robertchristgau.com/get_artist.php?name=Hole |archive-date=July 1, 2013 }}</ref> In support of the release, Hole toured extensively between 2010 and 2012 throughout North America and Europe,<ref name=harding/> as well as performing in Russia<ref>{{cite web|work=[[The Moscow Times]]|title=Courtney Love Goes for a Picnic|url=https://themoscowtimes.com/articles/courtney-love-goes-for-a-picnic-8421|access-date=February 5, 2018|date=July 22, 2011}}</ref> and Brazil.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nypost.com/2011/11/14/courtney-love-storms-off-brazilian-stage-over-kurt-cobain-photo/|work=New York Post|date=November 14, 2011|title=Courtney Love storm off Brazilian stage over Kurt Cobain photo|access-date=February 5, 2018}}</ref>

On March 28, 2011, Love, Erlandson, Patty Schemel and Auf der Maur appeared at the New York screening of Schemel's documentary ''[[Hit So Hard|Hit So Hard: The Life and Near-Death Story of Patty Schemel]]'' at the [[Museum of Modern Art]].<ref name="bilb">{{cite magazine|title=Hole Reunites For Drummer Patty Schemel's Documentary Premiere |url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/472329/hole-reunites-for-drummer-patty-schemels-documentary-premiere |date=March 28, 2011 |magazine=Billboard |access-date=March 29, 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130524024524/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/472329/hole-reunites-for-drummer-patty-schemels-documentary-premiere |archive-date=May 24, 2013 }}</ref> The appearance was the first time in thirteen years that all four members appeared together in public. Schemel had expressed a desire to record with Love, Erlandson and Auf der Maur stating "nothing has been discussed, but I have a feeling."<ref name="bilb" /> After the screening, the four took part in a Q&A session where Love stated: "For me, as much as I love playing with Patty – and I would play with her in five seconds again, and everyone onstage – if it's not moving forward, I don't wanna do it. That's just my thing. There's rumblings; there's always bloody rumblings. But if it's not miserable and it's going forward and I'm happy with it&nbsp;... that's all I have to say about that question."<ref>Love, Courtney. Extracts from a questions and answers session at the screening of ''Hit So Hard: The Life and Near Death Story of Patty Schemel'' at the Museum of Modern Art in New York. March 28, 2011.</ref>

In May 2011, a music video for "[[Samantha (Hole song)|Samantha]]" was shot in [[Istanbul]], although it remained officially unreleased.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://buzzworthy.mtv.com/2011/09/20/hole-samantha-video/ |work=MTV |title=New Video: Hole, 'Samantha' |date=September 20, 2011 |access-date=October 12, 2013 |author=Rubenstein, Jenna Halley |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015073519/http://buzzworthy.mtv.com/2011/09/20/hole-samantha-video/ |archive-date=October 15, 2013 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> In September 2011, [[Scott Lipps]] joined the band, replacing drummer [[Stu Fisher]]. In April 2012, Love, Erlandson, Auf der Maur and Schemel reunited at the Public Assembly in New York for a two-song set, including "Miss World" and the [[The Wipers|Wipers]]' "Over the Edge", at an after-party for the ''Hit So Hard'' documentary.<ref>{{cite web|title=So, The Mid-'90s Lineup of Hole (Including Courtney Love) Reunited At Public Assembly Last Night |url=http://blogs.villagevoice.com/music/2012/04/hole_reunion_2012.php |work=[[The Village Voice]] |author=Johnston, Maura |author-link=Maura Johnston |date=April 14, 2012 |archive-date=December 22, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121222142630/http://blogs.villagevoice.com/music/2012/04/hole_reunion_2012.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> The performance marked the first time the four members performed together since 1998 after Schemel's departure and the 2002 breakup of the band.<ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=Rolling Stone|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/courtney-love-to-reunite-holes-celebrity-skin-lineup-again-20140402|title=Courtney Love to Reunite Hole's 'Celebrity Skin' Lineup Again|date=April 2, 2014|author=Grow, Kory|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140402212625/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/courtney-love-to-reunite-holes-celebrity-skin-lineup-again-20140402|archive-date=April 2, 2014|access-date=February 5, 2018|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

On December 29, 2012, Love performed a solo acoustic set in New York City, and in January 2013, performed at the [[Sundance Film Festival]] under her own name.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/courtney-love-rocks/story?id=18307066 |work=ABC |title=In a Cloud of Crazy, Courtney Love Rocks On |author=Marikar, Sheila |date=January 25, 2013 |access-date=March 1, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160507171053/http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/courtney-love-rocks/story?id=18307066 |archive-date=May 7, 2016 }}</ref> She booked further performances across North America as a solo act, with Larkin, bassist [[Shawn Dailey]], and Lipps as her backing band.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nme.com/news/courtney-love/70575 |title=Courtney Love puts ad on Craigslist for new bassist – and gets just one response |work=[[NME]] |date=May 29, 2013 |archive-date=November 6, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131106155412/http://www.nme.com/news/courtney-love/70575 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===2014–2016: Second disbandment===
[[File:Melissa Auf der Maur Courtney Love Patty Schemel MOMA 2012.jpg|thumb|upright=1|right|Melissa Auf der Maur, Courtney Love, and Patty Schemel at a screening of ''[[Hit So Hard]]'' (2012) at the [[Museum of Modern Art]], New York City]]
On December 28, 2013, Love posted two photos of herself with Erlandson on [[Facebook]] and [[Twitter]], with a caption reading: "And this just happened&nbsp;... 2014 going to be a very interesting year."<ref name="melissa locker">{{cite magazine|url=https://entertainment.time.com/2013/12/30/courtney-love-drops-hints-that-a-hole-reunion-might-be-coming-in-2014/ |title=Courtney Love Drops Hints That A Hole Reunion Might Be Coming In 2014 |first=Melissa |last=Locker |date=December 30, 2013 |access-date=January 1, 2014 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102192352/http://entertainment.time.com/2013/12/30/courtney-love-drops-hints-that-a-hole-reunion-might-be-coming-in-2014/ |archive-date=January 2, 2014 }}</ref> Love also [[Tag (metadata)|tagged]] Melissa Auf der Maur as well as Hole's former manager, [[Peter Mensch]], in the post, alluding to a reconciliation with Erlandson and possible reunion in 2014.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/is-courtney-love-reuniting-hole-20131230 |magazine=Rolling Stone |title=Is Courtney Love Reuniting Hole? |date=December 30, 2013 |author=Anderson, Stacy |access-date=January 2, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102100136/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/is-courtney-love-reuniting-hole-20131230 |archive-date=January 2, 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.spin.com/2013/12/courtney-love-hole-reunion-photo-eric-erlandson-twitter/ |work=Spin |title=Courtney Love Teases 2014 Hole Reunion, Promises 'Interesting' Year |date=December 30, 2013 |archive-date=December 31, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231165325/http://www.spin.com/articles/courtney-love-hole-reunion-photo-eric-erlandson-twitter |author=Martins, Chris |url-status=dead }}</ref>

On April 2, 2014, ''Rolling Stone'' reported that the ''[[Celebrity Skin]]'' line-up of the band had reunited (with Patty Schemel in lieu of Samantha Maloney).<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/courtney-love-to-reunite-holes-celebrity-skin-lineup-again-20140402 |magazine=Rolling Stone |title=Courtney Love to Reunite Hole's 'Celebrity Skin' Lineup Again |date=April 2, 2014 |first=Kory |last=Grow |access-date=April 2, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140404205336/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/courtney-love-to-reunite-holes-celebrity-skin-lineup-again-20140402 |archive-date=April 4, 2014 }}</ref> ''Rolling Stone'' erroneously reported Love's upcoming solo single, "Wedding Day" to be a product of this reunion. Shortly after, Love curtailed her statement, saying: "We may have made out but there is no talk of marriage. It's very frail, nothing might happen, and now the band are all flipping out on me."<ref name="The Telegraph">{{cite news|last=McCormick |first=Neil |title=Courtney Love interview: 'There will be no jazz hands on Smells Like Teen Spirit' |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/rockandpopfeatures/10743170/Courtney-Love-interview-There-will-be-no-jazz-hands-on-Smells-Like-Teen-Spirit.html?fb |newspaper=The Telegraph |access-date=April 6, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140514022947/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/rockandpopfeatures/10743170/Courtney-Love-interview-There-will-be-no-jazz-hands-on-Smells-Like-Teen-Spirit.html?fb |archive-date=May 14, 2014 }}</ref> On May 1, in an interview with ''[[Pitchfork Media|Pitchfork]]'', Love discussed the possibility of a reunion, and also stated it had been "a mistake" releasing ''Nobody's Daughter'' as a Hole record in 2010. "Eric was right—I kind of cheapened the name, even though I'm legally allowed to use it. I should save 'Hole' for the lineup everybody wants to see and had the balls to put ''Nobody's Daughter'' under my own name."<ref name="pitchfork">{{cite web|url=https://pitchfork.com/features/interviews/9395-courtney-love/ |work=Pitchfork |title=Interviews: Courtney Love |author=Pelly, Jenn |date=May 1, 2015 |access-date=May 2, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314063641/http://pitchfork.com/features/interviews/9395-courtney-love/ |archive-date=March 14, 2016 |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite interview|last=Love |first=Courtney |interviewer=[[Jane Garvey (broadcaster)|Jane Garvey]] |title=Woman's Hour, Courtney Love; game changing politics; Lauren Owen |work=[[British Broadcasting Corporation]] |publisher=BBC |date=April 1, 2014 |access-date=April 2, 2014 |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b03zb49t |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140404033429/http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b03zb49t |archive-date=April 4, 2014 }}</ref><ref name="guardian reform">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2014/apr/03/courtney-love-hole-reunion |work=The Guardian |title=Courtney Love reforms classic Hole line-up |date=April 3, 2014 |access-date=April 5, 2014 |first=Ben |last=Beaumont-Thomas |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407095736/http://www.theguardian.com/music/2014/apr/03/courtney-love-hole-reunion |archive-date=April 7, 2014 }}</ref> Love further discussed the possibility of reuniting the band, saying:

<blockquote>No one's been dormant. Patty teaches drumming and drums in three indie bands. Melissa has her metal-nerd thing going on—her dream is to play Castle Donington with [[Dokken]]. Eric hasn't flipped—I jammed with him, he's still doing his Thurston [Moore]-crazy tunings, still corresponding with [[Kevin Shields]]. We all get along great. There are bands who reunite and hate each others' guts.<ref name="pitchfork" /></blockquote>

===2019–present: Possible reformation and attempted reunions===
In October 2019, Hole rehearsed at the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]], in Los Angeles. Nothing transpired after the event, since Love had relocated to the United Kingdom afterwards.<ref>[https://www.instagram.com/p/B3WTJmklqxb/] {{dead link|date=November 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://uproxx.com/indie/courtney-love-hole-reunion-rehearsal/|title=Courtney Love Shares A Photo Of A Seemingly Reunited Hole Rehearsing|first=Derrick|last=Rossignol|website=Uproxx.com|date=October 8, 2019}}</ref> In March 2020, Love and Auf Der Maur planned a performance at the "Bans Off My Body" event, which was eventually canceled due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/hole-reunion-planned-parenthood-benefit-954538/|title=Hole's Courtney Love, Melissa Auf der Maur to Perform at Planned Parenthood Benefit|first1=Angie|last1=Martoccio|website=Rollingstone.com|date=February 19, 2020|access-date=September 11, 2020}}</ref>

==Artistry==
===Composition===
Initially, Hole drew inspiration from [[no wave]] and experimental bands, which is evident in their earliest recordings, specifically "[[Retard Girl]]", but frontwoman Love also drew from a variety of influences. Love cited [[post-punk]] group [[Echo & the Bunnymen]]<ref name="loder">{{cite interview |last=Love|first=Courtney|interviewer=Loder, Kurt|work=MTV Networks|title=The Hole Story|date=September 1, 1994}}</ref> and classic rock such as [[Neil Young]]<ref name=flipside/> and [[Fleetwood Mac]].{{sfn|Crawford|2014|p=67}} The band's first album, ''Pretty on the Inside'', was heavily influenced by noise and punk rock, using discordant melodies, distortion, and feedback, with Love's vocals ranging from whispers to guttural screams.{{sfn|Bogdanov|Woodstra|Erlewine|2002|p=532}} Love described the band's earliest songwriting as being based on "really crazy [[Sonic Youth]] tunings".<ref name="bigday">{{cite interview|title=Hole interviewed at Big Day Out tour |date=1999 |interviewer=''[[Ground Zero (television show)|Ground Zero]]'' |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9YQzcfnTb4o |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117052304/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9YQzcfnTb4o |archive-date=November 17, 2015 }}</ref> Nonetheless, Love claimed to have aimed for a [[pop music|pop]] sound early on: "There's a part of me that wants to have a [[grindcore]] band and another that wants to have a [[Raspberries (band)|Raspberries]]-type pop band",<ref name=flipside/> she told ''[[Flipside (fanzine)|Flipside]]'' magazine in 1991. Both Love and Erlandson were fans of the notorious LA punk band the [[Germs (band)|Germs]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newsweek.com/germ-warfare-179286 |work=Newsweek |title=Germ Warfare |date=October 13, 1996 |access-date=March 9, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170313021714/http://www.newsweek.com/germ-warfare-179286 |archive-date=March 13, 2017 }}</ref> In a 1996 interview for a Germs tribute documentary, Erlandson said: "I think every band is based on one song, and our band was based on "[[Forming (song)|Forming]]"&nbsp;... Courtney brought it into rehearsal, and she knew, like, three [[Chord (music)|chords]] and it was the only punk rock song we could play."<ref name="germs">{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gvCdFHwqb1s |title=Erlandson, Eric. ''The Germs: A Tribute''. 1996 |work=YouTube |date=December 3, 2010 |access-date=July 11, 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022081117/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gvCdFHwqb1s |archive-date=October 22, 2013 }}</ref>

The band's second album ''Live Through This'', captured a less abrasive sound, while maintaining the group's original punk roots. "I want this record to be shocking to the people who don't think we have a soft edge, and at the same time, [to know] that we haven't lost our very, very hard edge",<ref>Love, Courtney; Patty Schemel. Promotional Interview Segment for ''Live Through This''. MTV Networks. 1994.</ref> Love told VH1 in 1994. The group's third album, ''Celebrity Skin'', incorporated power pop into their hard rock sound, and was heavily inspired by California bands; Love was also influenced by Fleetwood Mac and [[My Bloody Valentine (band)|My Bloody Valentine]] while writing the album.<ref name="int" />{{Sfn|''Celebrity Skin''|1999|p=2}} The group's 2010 release, ''Nobody's Daughter'', featured a more folk rock-oriented sound, utilizing acoustic guitar and softer melodies.<ref>{{cite web|work=[[PopMatters]]|title=Hole: Nobody's Daughter|author=Deem, Anna|date=April 27, 2010|access-date=February 4, 2018|url=https://www.popmatters.com/124390-hole-nobodys-daughter-2496200621.html}}</ref>

The group's [[chord progression]]s by and large drew on elements of punk music,<ref name="spingreatest">{{cite news|author=Weisbard, Eric|work=Spin|date=September 1999|title=The Greatest Albums of the '90s|page=120}}</ref> which Love described as "grungey", although not necessarily [[grunge]].{{Sfn|Strong|2011|p=50}} Critics described their song style as "deceptively wispy and strummy",<ref name="spingreatest" /> combined with "gunshot guitar choruses".<ref name=fricke/> Although the group's sound changed over the course of their career, the dynamic between beauty and ugliness has often been noted, particularly due to the layering of harsh and abrasive riffs which often bury more sophisticated arrangements.<ref name="oct91">{{cite news|work=Spin|date=October 1991|title=Hole Lotta Love|page=32|first=Daisy|last=Von Furth|issn=0886-3032|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yGjqAHJs488C|via=Google Books|volume=7|issue=7}} {{free access}}</ref>

===Lyrical content===
In a 1991 interview, Love stated that lyrics were "the most important" element of songwriting for her.<ref name=flipside/> Her lyrics explored a variety of themes throughout Hole's career, including [[body image]], rape, [[child abuse]], addiction, [[celebrity]], suicide, elitism, and [[inferiority complex|inferiority complexes]]; all of which were addressed mainly from a female, and often [[feminism|feminist]] standpoint.{{Sfn|Burns|Lafrance|2002|pages=98–103}} This underlying feminism in Love's lyrics often led the public and critics to mistakenly associate her with the [[riot grrrl]] movement, of which Love was highly critical.<ref name="reillyphoebe">{{cite journal|journal=Spin|date=October 2005|pages=70–72|title=Courtney Love: Let the healing begin|author=Reilly, Phoebe|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jOIh4tn8TGYC&q=Look,+you've+got+these+highly+intelligent+imperious+girls,+but+who+told+them+it+was+their+undeniable+American+right+not+to+be+offended&pg=RA1-PA70|volume=21|issue=2|issn=0886-3032|via=Google Books}} {{free access}}</ref>{{Sfn|Brite|1998|p=117}}{{Sfn|Feigenbaum|2007|p=135}}

In a 1991 interview with [[Everett True]], Love said: "I try to place [beautiful imagery] next to fucked up imagery, because that's how I view things&nbsp;... I sometimes feel that no one's taken the time to write about certain things in rock, that there's a certain female point of view that's never been given space."<ref name="sidelines">{{cite news|work=Melody Maker|date=June 15, 1991|author=True, Everett|title=Hole in Sidelines|page=8}}</ref> [[Charles R. Cross|Charles Cross]] has referred to her lyrics on ''Live Through This'' as being "true extensions of her diary",<ref name="behindthemusic" /> and she has admitted that a great deal of the lyrics from ''Pretty on the Inside'' were excisions from her journals.<ref name="bigday" />

Throughout Hole's career, Love's lyrics were often influenced by literature: The title of the band's second album ''Live Through This'', for example (as well as lyrics from the track "[[Asking for It (Hole song)|Asking for It]]") is directly drawn from ''[[Gone with the Wind (song)|Gone With the Wind]]'';<ref>{{cite AV media|title=[[The Return of Courtney Love]]|people=Yapp, Will (director); Love, Courtney (subject)|year=2006|publisher=[[More4]]}}</ref> and the group's single "[[Celebrity Skin]]"  (the title track to their 1998 album), contains quotes from [[Shakespeare]]'s ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]''<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FD4jKFVQOhMC&q=celebrity+skin+shakespeare&pg=PT6|volume=14|issue=10|issn=0886-3032|journal=Spin|title=Hole: Celebrity Skin|series=Reviews|page=136|date=October 1998|via=Google Books}} {{free access}}</ref> and  [[Dante Gabriel Rossetti|Dante Rossetti]]'s poem ''A Superscription''.{{Sfn|Latham|2003|p=2}} Love had had a minor background in literature, having briefly studied English literature in her early twenties.<ref name="thepoweroflove">{{cite magazine|url=https://ew.com/article/1994/08/12/courtney-love-comes-out-hiding/ |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |title=Courtney Love Comes Out of Hiding |author=Kennedy, Dana |date=August 12, 1994 |archive-date=July 9, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160709093133/http://www.ew.com/article/1994/08/12/courtney-love-comes-out-hiding |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

===Performances===
Throughout the duration of the 1990s, the band received widespread media coverage due to Love's often rambunctious and unpredictable behavior onstage.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://ew.com/article/1995/07/28/courtney-love-causes-trouble-lollapolooza/ |magazine=Entertainment Weekly |title=Courtney Love causes trouble at Lollapolooza |date=July 28, 1995 |access-date=September 25, 2015 |author=Smith, Ethan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924110935/http://www.ew.com/article/1995/07/28/courtney-love-causes-trouble-lollapolooza |archive-date=September 24, 2015 }}</ref> The band often destroyed equipment and guitars at the end of concerts,<ref name=sp/> and Love would ramble between songs, bring fans onstage, and [[stage dive]], sometimes returning with clothes torn off of her or injuries sustained.<ref name="walters">{{cite interview|last=Walters|first=Barbara|interviewer=Courtney Love|work=The Barbara Walters Special|title=Interview with Barbara Walters|publisher=ABC|date=August 1995}}</ref> In a 1995 ''[[New York (magazine)|New York]]'' magazine article, journalist John Homans addressed Love's frequent stage diving during Hole's concerts:

<blockquote>The most shocking, frightening, and fascinating image in rock in the last few years is Courtney Love's stage dive&nbsp;... When some male performers do it, it looks like muscular, frat-boy fun, controlled aggression&nbsp;... For obvious reasons, the practice was strictly no-girls-allowed, but Love, typically, decided that she wanted to do it, too. Groped, ravaged, she compared the experience to being [[rape]]d, wrote a song about it, and now does it just about every show.<ref>{{cite journal|journal=[[New York (magazine)|New York]]|author=Homans, John|date=February 20, 1995|title=Love Trouble|pages=64–65|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nOMCAAAAMBAJ&q=courtney+love+stage+diving&pg=PA64|issue=2|volume=28|via=Google Books}} {{free access}}</ref></blockquote>

[[Nina Gordon]] of [[Veruca Salt]], who toured with Hole in 1995, recalled Love's erratic behavior onstage, saying "She would just go off and [the rest of the band] would just kind of stand there."<ref name="hitsohard" /> The majority of Love's chaotic behavior onstage was a result of heavy drug use at the time, which she admitted: "I was completely high on dope; I cannot remember much about it."<ref name="hitsohard" /> She later criticized her behavior during that time, saying: "I [saw] pictures of how I looked. It's disgusting. I'm ashamed. There's death and there's disease and there's misery and there's giving up your soul&nbsp;... The human spirit mixed with certain powders is not the person, it's [a] demonic presence."<ref>{{cite journal|journal=Spin|date=October 1998|pages=90–100|title=The Love Issue|first=Phillip|last=Weiss}}</ref>

Love's stage attire also garnered notoriety, influenced in part by [[Carroll Baker]]'s wardrobe in the film ''[[Baby Doll]]'' (1956).{{Sfn|Brite|1998|p=110}} The style was later dubbed "[[kinderwhore]]" by the media, and consisted of [[babydoll]] dresses, [[slip (clothing)|slip]]s and [[nightgown]]s, and smeared makeup.{{Sfn|Klaffke|2003|p=116}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.spinner.com/2010/01/22/courtney-love-nobodys-daughter/ |work=Spinner |date=2010-01-22 |title=Courtney Love Is Learning to Rein In the 'Courtney Monster' |author=Baltin, Steve |access-date=June 3, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130210014402/http://www.spinner.com/2010/01/22/courtney-love-nobodys-daughter/ |archive-date=February 10, 2013 }}</ref> [[Kurt Loder]] likened her onstage attire to a "debauched ragdoll",<ref name="loderfiles">{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1585956/courtney-love-opens-up-about-kurt-cobains-death-loder-files.jhtml |work=MTV |title=Courtney Love Opens Up About Kurt Cobain's Death |series=The Loder Files |date=April 22, 2008 |archive-date=October 20, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020094216/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1585956/courtney-love-opens-up-about-kurt-cobains-death-loder-files.jhtml |author=Loder, Kurt |url-status=dead }}</ref> and [[John Peel]] noted in his review of the band's 1994 Reading Festival performance, that "[Love], swaying wildly and with lipstick smeared on her face, hands and, I think, her back, as well as on the collar of her dress,&nbsp;... would have drawn whistles of astonishment in [[Bethlem Royal Hospital|Bedlam]]. The band teetered on the edge of chaos, generating a tension which I cannot remember having felt before from any stage."<ref name="atreading"/> ''Rolling Stone'' referred to the style as "a slightly more politically charged version of grunge; apathy turned into ruinous angst, which soon became high fashion's favorite pose."<ref>{{cite magazine
 |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/pictures/musicians-who-defined-nineties-style-20120724 
 |title=Musicians Who Defined Nineties Style 
 |author=Nika, Colleen 
 |magazine=Rolling Stone 
 |date=July 24, 2012 
 |access-date=December 30, 2016 
 |url-status=live 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160505095323/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/pictures/musicians-who-defined-nineties-style-20120724 
 |archive-date=May 5, 2016 
}}</ref>

The band's set lists for live shows were often loose, featuring improvisational jams and rough performances of unreleased songs. By 1998, their live performances had become less aggressive and more restrained, although Love continued to bring fans onstage, and would often go into the crowd while singing.<ref name="natgeo" />

==Legacy==
Hole was one of the most commercially successful female-fronted [[alternative rock]] bands in history, selling over 3 million records in the United States between 1991 and 2010.<ref name="harding">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/958756/courtney-love-fixing-a-hole |magazine=Billboard |title=Courtney Love: Fixing a Hole |date=April 2, 2010 |access-date=October 21, 2013 |author=Harding, Cortney |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140622004934/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/958756/courtney-love-fixing-a-hole |archive-date=June 22, 2014 }}</ref><ref name=callsit>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/75641/hole-calls-it-a-career |magazine=Billboard |title=Hole Calls It A Career |access-date=October 21, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140622004957/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/75641/hole-calls-it-a-career |archive-date=June 22, 2014 }}</ref>{{Sfn|Carson|Lewis|Shaw|2004|pages=89–90}} In spite of Love's often polarizing reputation in the media, Hole received consistent critical praise for their output, and was often noted for the predominant feminist commentary found in Love's lyrics, which scholars have credited as "articulating a [[third-wave feminist]] consciousness".<ref>{{cite conference |author=Morris, Matthew |title=Writing (Courtney) Love into the History of Rhetoric: Articulation of a Feminist Consciousness in Live Through This |date=November 11, 2009 |conference=95th Annual Convention of the National Communication Association |url=http://citation.allacademic.com/meta/p_mla_apa_research_citation/3/2/9/6/4/p329640_index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121120193238/http://citation.allacademic.com/meta/p_mla_apa_research_citation/3/2/9/6/4/p329640_index.html |archive-date=November 20, 2012 |access-date=September 11, 2013 }}</ref> Love's subversive onstage persona and public image coincided with the band's songs, which expressed "pain, sorrow, and anger, but [an] underlying message of survival, particularly survival in the face of overwhelming circumstances".{{Sfn|Gaar| 2002 |p=397}} Music journalist [[Maria Raha]] expressed a similar sentiment in regard to the band's significance to third-wave feminism, stating, "Whether you love Courtney [Love] or hate her, Hole was the highest-profile female-fronted band of the '90s to openly and directly sing about feminism."{{Sfn|Schippers|2002|p=93}}

While ''Rolling Stone'' compared the effect of Love's marriage to Cobain on the band to that of [[John Lennon]] and [[Yoko Ono]], they noted that "Love's confrontational stage presence, as well as her gut-wrenching vocals and powerful punk-pop songcraft, made her an alternative-rock star in her own right."<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/artists/hole/biography |magazine=Rolling Stone |title=Hole: Bio |access-date=April 1, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130406191542/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/artists/hole/biography |archive-date=April 6, 2013 }}</ref> Author Nick Wise made a similar comparison in discussion of the band's public image, stating, "Not since Yoko Ono's marriage to John Lennon has a woman's personal life and exploits within the rock arena been so analyzed and dissected."{{Sfn|Lankford|2009|page=73}}

The band has been cited as a major influence on several contemporary artists, including indie singer-songwriter [[Scout Niblett]],<ref>{{cite web|work=Folk Radio UK|title=Interview with Scout Niblett|author=Blake, Thomas|date=June 3, 2013|access-date=January 22, 2018|url=http://www.folkradio.co.uk/2013/06/interview-with-scout-niblett/}}</ref> [[Brody Dalle]] (of [[The Distillers]] and [[Spinnerette]]),{{Sfn|Diehl|2007|pages=93–4}} [[Sky Ferreira]],<ref>{{cite interview|interviewer=Diehl, Matt|title=Sky Ferreira for Interview Magazine|first=Sky|last=Ferreira|date=April 2014|url=https://www.interviewmagazine.com/music/sky-ferreira-1|access-date=January 22, 2018|work=[[Interview (magazine)|Interview]]|issn=0149-8932}}</ref> [[Lana Del Rey]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/lana-del-rey-courtney-love-talk-each-others-music-2054287|work=[[NME]]|title=Lana Del Rey and Courtney Love talk about their love of each other's music|access-date=January 23, 2018|author=Britton, Luke Morgan|date=April 18, 2017}}</ref> [[Tove Lo]],<ref>{{cite web|last=Moss |first=Rebecca |title=Why Swedes Make the Best Breakup Music |url=http://www.elle.com/culture/music/news/a15365/tove-lo-truth-serum/ |work=[[Elle (magazine)|Elle]] |date=April 30, 2014 |access-date=June 5, 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150330090318/http://www.elle.com/culture/music/news/a15365/tove-lo-truth-serum/ |archive-date=March 30, 2015 }}</ref> [[Tegan and Sara]],<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Nostro |first=Lauren |url=http://www.complex.com/music/2013/01/tegan-and-saras-25-favorite-albums/ |title=Tegan and Sara's 25 Favorite Albums |magazine=[[Complex (magazine)|Complex]] |date=January 29, 2013 |access-date=March 16, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160326164741/http://www.complex.com/music/2013/01/tegan-and-saras-25-favorite-albums/ |archive-date=March 26, 2016 }}</ref> [[Annie Hardy]] (of [[Giant Drag]]),<ref name=sounds>{{cite web|work=The Bear Writes Words|title=The Sounds That Shaped Me: Annie Hardy|url=https://thebearwriteswords.wordpress.com/2013/11/20/the-sounds-that-shaped-me-annie-hardy/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20221009203602/https://thebearwriteswords.wordpress.com/2013/11/20/the-sounds-that-shaped-me-annie-hardy/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2022-10-09|access-date=October 9, 2022}}</ref> [[Victoria Legrand]] (of [[Beach House]]),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/beach-house-the-brilliance-of-courtney-love/|work=[[Far Out (magazine)|Far Out]]|title=Beach House's Victoria Legrand discusses the brilliance of Courtney Love|date=May 1, 2022|last=Kemp|first=Sam|url-status=live|archive-date=November 30, 2022|archive-url=https://archive.today/20221130235028/https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/beach-house-the-brilliance-of-courtney-love/}}</ref> and the British rock band [[Nine Black Alps]].<ref>{{cite web|work=Drowned in Sound|url=http://drownedinsound.com/in_depth/4147698-we-don-t-really-fit-in-anywhere---dis-meets-nine-black-alps|title="We don't really fit in anywhere": DiS meets Nine Black Alps|date=May 2, 2014|author=May, Dom Gourlay|access-date=January 23, 2018|archive-date=January 22, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122125737/http://drownedinsound.com/in_depth/4147698-we-don-t-really-fit-in-anywhere---dis-meets-nine-black-alps|url-status=dead}}</ref> The band ranked at number 77 on [[VH1]]'s ''100 Greatest Hard Rock Artists'' list.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rockonthenet.com/archive/2000/vh1hardrock.htm |work=Rock On the Net/VH1 |title=The 100 Greatest Hard Rock Artists |archive-date=November 22, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161122022109/http://www.rockonthenet.com/archive/2000/vh1hardrock.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Materials loss==
In 2008 [[2008 Universal fire|a fire]] swept through [[Universal Studios Hollywood]] destroying buildings belonging to [[Universal Music Group]]. News reports said that many artists including Hole had lost recordings in the fire. Love and the band were one of the artists suing UMG for the loss; however, on August 16, 2019, the band was removed from that lawsuit as it was amended "based on UMG's representations that none of Hole's original masters were destroyed (subject to confirmation)".<ref name="Rosen2">{{cite web |last1=Rosen |first1=Jody |title=Here Are Hundreds More Artists Whose Tapes Were Destroyed in the UMG Fire |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/25/magazine/universal-music-fire-bands-list-umg.html |website=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=28 June 2019 |date=25 June 2019}}</ref>{{failed verification|date=June 2019}}<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/hole-removed-amended-lawsuit-against-universal-music-2008-fire-873926/ |magazine=Rolling Stone |title=Hole Removed from Lawsuit Against Universal Music Over 2008 Fire |date= 20 August 2019}}</ref>

==Members==
{{columns-list|
* [[Courtney Love]] – lead vocals, rhythm guitar {{small|(1989–2002, 2009–2012)}} 
* [[Eric Erlandson]] – lead guitar {{small|(1989–2002, 2012)}}
* Mike Geisbrecht – rhythm guitar {{small|(1989–1990)}} 
* Lisa Roberts – bass {{small|(1989–1990)}}
* Caroline Rue – drums {{small|(1989–1992)}}
* Jill Emery – bass {{small|(1990–1992)}}
* [[Patty Schemel]] – drums {{small|(1992–1998, 2012)}}
* [[Leslie Hardy (musician)|Leslie Hardy]] – bass, backing vocals {{small|(1992–1993)}}
* [[Kristen Pfaff]] – bass, backing vocals {{small|(1993–1994; died 1994)}}
* [[Melissa Auf der Maur]] – bass, backing vocals {{small|(1994–1999, 2012)}} 
* [[Samantha Maloney]] – drums {{small|(1998–2000)}}
* [[Micko Larkin]] – lead guitar {{small|(2009–2012)}}
* [[Shawn Dailey]] – bass  {{small|(2009–2012)}}
* [[Stu Fisher]] – drums {{small|(2009–2011)}} 
* [[Scott Lipps]] – drums {{small|(2011–2012)}} 
}}

'''Timeline'''
<div style="text-align:left;">
{{#tag:timeline|
ImageSize = width:800 height:auto barincrement:20
PlotArea = left:110 bottom:80 top:5 right:10
Alignbars = justify
DateFormat  = mm/dd/yyyy
Period = from:01/01/1989 till:04/14/2012
TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal format:yyyy

Colors =
  id:Vocals    value:red                   legend:Vocals
  id:Backing   value:pink                  legend:Backing_vocals
  id:Lead      value:teal                  legend:Lead_guitar
  id:Rhythm    value:brightgreen           legend:Rhythm_guitar
  id:Bass      value:blue                  legend:Bass
  id:Drums     value:orange                legend:Drums
  id:album     value:black                 legend:Studio_album
  id:ep        value:gray(0.6)             legend:EP
  id:bars      value:gray(0.95)

BackgroundColors = bars:bars

Legend = orientation:vertical columns:4 position:bottom

ScaleMajor = increment:2 start:1989
ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:1 start:1989

LineData =
 layer:back
  color:album
  at:09/17/1991
  at:04/12/1994
  at:09/08/1998
  at:04/23/2010
  color:ep
  at:09/08/1995
  at:08/26/1997

BarData =

  bar:Courtney text:"Courtney Love"
  bar:Eric text:"Eric Erlandson"
  bar:Micko text:"Micko Larkin"
  bar:Mike text:"Mike Geisbrecht"
  bar:Lisa text:"Lisa Roberts"
  bar:Jill text:"Jill Emery"
  bar:Leslie text:"Leslie Hardy"
  bar:Kristen text:"Kristen Pfaff"
  bar:Melissa text:"Melissa Auf der Maur"
  bar:Shawn text:"Shawn Dailey"
  bar:Caroline text:"Caroline Rue"
  bar:Patty text:"Patty Schemel"
  bar:Samantha text:"Samantha Maloney"  
  bar:Stu text:"Stu Fisher"
  bar:Scott text:"Scott Lipps"

PlotData=

  width:11 textcolor:black align:left anchor:from shift:(10,-4)
  bar:Courtney from:01/01/1989 till:05/31/2002 color:Vocals
  bar:Courtney from:12/31/1989 till:05/31/2002 color:Rhythm width:3
  bar:Courtney from:06/01/2009 till:04/14/2012 color:Vocals
  bar:Courtney from:06/01/2009 till:04/14/2012 color:Rhythm width:3
  bar:Eric     from:01/01/1989 till:05/31/2002 color:Lead
  bar:Eric     from:04/13/2012 till:04/14/2012 color:Lead
  bar:Mike     from:01/01/1989 till:12/31/1989 color:Rhythm
  bar:Micko    from:06/01/2009 till:04/12/2012 color:Lead
  bar:Caroline from:01/01/1989 till:03/31/1992 color:Drums
  bar:Patty    from:04/01/1992 till:09/01/1998 color:Drums
  bar:Patty    from:04/13/2012 till:04/14/2012 color:Drums
  bar:Samantha from:09/01/1998 till:01/01/2000 color:Drums
  bar:Stu      from:06/01/2009 till:08/31/2011 color:Drums  
  bar:Scott    from:08/31/2011 till:04/12/2012 color:Drums
  bar:Lisa     from:01/01/1989 till:01/01/1990 color:Bass
  bar:Jill     from:01/01/1990 till:03/31/1992 color:Bass
  bar:Leslie   from:04/01/1992 till:12/31/1992 color:Bass
  bar:Leslie   from:04/01/1992 till:12/31/1992 color:Backing width:3
  bar:Kristen  from:01/01/1993 till:06/16/1994 color:Bass  
  bar:Kristen  from:01/01/1993 till:06/16/1994 color:Backing width:3
  bar:Melissa  from:08/26/1994 till:10/31/1999 color:Bass
  bar:Melissa  from:08/26/1994 till:10/31/1999 color:Backing width:3
  bar:Melissa  from:04/13/2012 till:04/14/2012 color:Bass
  bar:Melissa  from:04/13/2012 till:04/14/2012 color:Backing width:3
  bar:Shawn    from:06/01/2009 till:04/14/2012 color:Bass

}}
</div>

==Discography==
{{Main|Hole discography}}

* ''[[Pretty on the Inside]]'' (1991)
* ''[[Live Through This]]'' (1994)
* ''[[Celebrity Skin]]'' (1998)
* ''[[Nobody's Daughter]]'' (2010)

==Accolades==
{| class="wikitable unsortable plainrowheaders"
|+Accolades for ''Hole''
|-
! scope="col" | Award
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Category
! scope="col" | Nominated work(s)
! scope="col" | Result
|-
! scope="row" rowspan=4|[[Grammy Awards]]<ref name="41g">{{cite web|url=https://www.nme.com/news/lauryn-hill/772 |title=1999 Grammy Nominees |work=[[NME]] |date=November 27, 1998 |archive-date=October 11, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011030229/http://www.nme.com/news/lauryn-hill/772 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
| rowspan=3|[[1999 Grammy Awards|1999]]
| [[Grammy Award for Best Rock Album|Best Rock Album]]
| ''[[Celebrity Skin]]''
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Grammy Award for Best Rock Song|Best Rock Song]]
| rowspan=2|"[[Celebrity Skin (song)|Celebrity Skin]]"
| {{nom}}
|-
|rowspan=2|[[Grammy Award for Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal|Best Rock Vocal Performance by a Duo or Group]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.cnn.com/2000-01-04/entertainment/grammy.noms.01_list_1_songwriters-duo-whitney-houston?_s=PM:SHOWBIZ |title=42nd Annual Grammy Awards List of nominations |publisher=[[CNN]] |date=January 4, 2000 |access-date=August 9, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110810223232/http://articles.cnn.com/2000-01-04/entertainment/grammy.noms.01_list_1_songwriters-duo-whitney-houston?_s=PM%3ASHOWBIZ |archive-date=August 10, 2011 |df=mdy-all }} N.B. The categories are listed on page 1 and the artist on page 2.</ref>
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[2000 Grammy Awards|2000]]
| "[[Malibu (Hole song)|Malibu]]"
| {{nom}}
|-
! scope="row" rowspan=2|[[MTV Video Music Awards]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/ontv/vma/1995/ |title=MTV Video Music Awards &#124; 1995 |publisher=MTV |access-date=August 9, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160510091655/http://www.mtv.com/ontv/vma/1995/ |archive-date=May 10, 2016 |df=mdy-all }} N.B. User must select "Winners" tab.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eonline.com/news/38501/korn-reaps-mtv-noms|work=[[E!|E! Online]]|title=Korn Reaps MTV Noms|date=July 28, 1999|last=Errico|first=Marcus|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170522071658/https://www.eonline.com/news/38501/korn-reaps-mtv-noms|archive-date=May 22, 2017}}</ref>
| [[1995 MTV Video Music Awards|1995]]
| [[MTV Video Music Award for Best Alternative Video|Best Alternative Video]]
| "[[Doll Parts]]"
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[1999 MTV Video Music Awards|1999]]
| [[MTV Video Music Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematography]]
| "[[Malibu (Hole song)|Malibu]]"
| {{nom}}
|-
! scope="row" rowspan=3|[[NME Awards]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rocklistmusic.co.uk/1998.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060629131401/http://rocklistmusic.co.uk/1998.html|url-status=usurped|archive-date=June 29, 2006|title=Rocklist.net...NME End Of Year Lists 1998...|website=Rocklistmusic.co.uk|access-date=September 11, 2020}}</ref>
| rowspan=3|1999
| Best Band
| Hole
|{{nom}}
|-
| Best Album
| ''[[Celebrity Skin]]''
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Single
| "[[Celebrity Skin (song)|Celebrity Skin]]"
| {{nom}}
|-
! scope="row"|[[Spin (magazine)|''Spin'' Readers' Poll Awards]]<ref>{{Cite magazine|magazine=[[Spin (magazine)|Spin]] |title=20 Best Albums of '94 |date=December 17, 1994|page=76|publisher=SPIN Media LLC |issn=0886-3032 |volume=10 |issue=9}}</ref>
| 1994
| Album of the Year
| ''[[Live Through This]]''
| {{won}}
{{end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
{{Refbegin|30em}}
* {{cite book|last=Anderson|first=Kyle|year=2007|title=Accidental Revolution: The Story of Grunge|publisher=St. Martin's Griffin|location=New York City, New York|isbn= 978-1-466-83860-4}}
* {{cite episode|network=[[VH1]]|airdate=June 21, 2010|title=Courtney Love|series=[[Behind the Music]]|publisher=Viacom Media Networks|ref={{SfnRef|Behind the Music|2010}}}}
* {{cite interview|last=Rue|first=Carolyn|title=Carolyn Rue Interviewed|date=December 22, 2022|interviewer=Mikayla Beyer|via=[[YouTube]]|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pl5DKyozUe8&t=1050s|access-date=December 30, 2022}}
*{{cite book|last1=Bogdanov|first1=Vladimir|last2=Woodstra|first2=Chris|last3=Erlewine|first3=Stephen Thomas|title=All Music Guide to Rock: The Definitive Guide to Rock, Pop, and Soul|year=2002|isbn= 978-0-879-30653-3|publisher=Backbeat Books|location=San Francisco, California}}
*{{cite book|last=Brite|first=Poppy Z.|author-link=Poppy Z. Brite|title=Courtney Love: The Real Story|publisher=Simon & Schuster|location=New York City, New York|year=1998|isbn=978-0-684-84506-7|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/courtneylovereal00brit}}
*{{cite book|last1=Burns| first1= Lori |last2=Lafrance|first2= Mélisse |title=Disruptive Divas: Feminism, Identity & Popular Music |year=2002|publisher=Taylor & Francis, Routledge|location=New York City, New York|isbn= 978-0-8153-3554-2}}
*{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cEDqNRkk6KIC&q=hole+band+influential&pg=PA90|title=Girls Rock!: Fifty Years of Women Making Music|year=2004|editor1-last=Carson|editor1-first=Mina Julia|editor2-last=Lewis|editor2-first=Lisa|editor3-first=Susan M.|editor3-last=Shaw|publisher=The University Press of Kentucky|isbn=978-0-8131-2310-3|location=Lexington, Kentucky}}
*{{cite book|last=Crawford|first=Anwen|title=Hole's Live Through This|publisher=Bloomsbury USA|location=New York City, New York|year=2014|isbn= 978-1-623-56377-6|series=33 1/3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XrtoBQAAQBAJ|oclc= 883749105}}
*{{cite book|last=Diehl| first=Matt|title=My So-Called Punk|year=2007| publisher=St. Martin's Griffin|isbn=978-0-312-33781-0|location=New York City, New York}}
*{{cite book| last=Edwards | first=Gavin|title=Is Tiny Dancer Really Elton's Little John?: Music's Most Enduring Mysteries, Myths, and Rumors Revealed|publisher=Three Rivers Press|isbn=978-0-307-34603-2|location=New York City, New York|year=2006}}
*{{cite book|last=Erlandson| first= Eric | author-link=Eric Erlandson|title=Letters to Kurt|publisher=Akashic Books|year=2012|location=New York City, New York|isbn=978-1-61775-083-0}} 
*{{cite book|title=She's a Rebel:The History of Women in Rock & Roll|first=Gillian G. | last=Gaar |publisher=Seal Press|location=New York City, New York|year=2002 | isbn=978-1-58005-078-4}}
*{{cite book|title=Interrogating Postfeminism: Gender and the Politics of Popular Culture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IIfxXAV4uQYC&q=courtney+love+sonic+youth&pg=PA135|last=Feigenbaum|first= Anna|editor1-link=Yvonne Tasker|editor1-first=Yvonne|editor1-last=Tasker|editor2-first=Diane|editor2-last=Negra|page=135|isbn=978-0-8223-4032-4|location=Durham, North Carolina|publisher=Duke University Press|date=November 2, 2007|series=Console-ing Passions}}
*{{cite book|last=Hogg|first=Karen|year=2001|title=Guitar Styles – Women in Rock: The Guitarist's Guide to Music of the Masters, Book & CD|publisher=Alfred Music Publishing|location=Los Angeles, California|isbn=978-0-739-02016-6}}
*{{cite book|title=Hole: Celebrity Skin (songbook)|year=1999|publisher=Cherry Lane Music|location=New York City; Milwaukee, Wisconsin| isbn=978-1-57560-137-3|ref={{SfnRef|''Celebrity Skin''|1999}}}}
* {{cite book|last=Kallen|first=Stuart A.|year=2012|title=The History of Alternative Rock|publisher=Greenhaven Publishing|location=New York City, New York|isbn= 978-1-420-50972-4}}
*{{cite book|title=Spree: A Cultural History of Shopping|last=Klaffke|first=Pamela|year=2003|publisher=Arsenal Pulp Press|location=Vancouver, British Columbia|isbn=978-1-55152-143-5|url=https://archive.org/details/spree00pame}}
*{{cite book|title=Women Singer-Songwriters in Rock: A Populist Rebellion in the 1990s|last=Lankford| first=Ronald D. Jr.|publisher=Scarecrow Press|year=2009|location=Lanham, Maryland|isbn=978-0-8108-7268-4}}
*{{cite book| last=Latham| first= David| title=Haunted Texts: Studies in Pre-Raphaelitism in Honour of William E. Fredeman|year =2003| publisher=University of Toronto Press|location=Toronto, Ontario | isbn=978-0-8020-3662-9 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R81qhmUO2BoC}}
*{{cite book | last=Love | first=Courtney | title=Dirty Blonde: The Diaries of Courtney Love | author-link=Courtney Love | publisher=Faber & Faber|location=New York City, New York | year=2006 | isbn=978-0-86547-959-3 | url=https://archive.org/details/dirtyblondediari00love }}
* {{cite journal |last=Marks |first=Craig |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oJSpnH7TRHsC&pg=PA46 |title=Endless Love |journal=Spin |volume=10 |date=February 1995 |issue=11 |issn=0886-3032 |pages=42–52}}
*{{cite book|title=Girl Power: The Nineties Revolution in Music|last=Meltzer|first=Marisa|publisher=Faber & Faber|location=New York City, New York|year=2010|isbn=978-0-86547-979-1}}
*{{cite book|title=Rockin' Out of the Box: Gender Maneuvering in Alternative Hard Rock|last=Schippers | first=Mimi A.|publisher=Rutgers University Press|year=2002|location=Rutgers, New Jersey|isbn= 978-0-8135-3075-8 }}
*{{cite book|title=Grunge: Music and Memory| last=Strong | first= Catherine|isbn=978-1-4094-2376-8|location=Burlington, Vermont|year=2011|publisher=Ashgate}}
*{{cite book|title=The Great Rock Discography|last1=Strong|first1=Martin Charles|last2=Peel|first2=John|author2-link=John Peel|publisher=Canongate Books|isbn= 978-1-841-95615-2 |year=2002|location=New York City, New York}}
*{{cite book| last=Thompson| first=Dave| title=Alternative Rock| year=2000|publisher=Backbeat Books| location=New York City, New York|isbn=978-0-87930-607-6 }}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{sister project links|display=Hole|d=Q624790|c=Category:Hole (band)|b=no|wikt=no|s=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|species=no|n=no|q=no}}
*{{AllMusic}}
* [https://www.billboard.com/artist/303552/hole Hole] at ''[[Billboard magazine|Billboard]]''
* {{discogs artist}}
*{{MusicBrainz artist}}
* {{youTube|u=NobodysDaughterTV|Hole}}

{{Hole|state=expanded}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hole}}
[[Category:Hole (band)| ]]
[[Category:1989 establishments in California]]
[[Category:2002 disestablishments in California]]
[[Category:2009 establishments in California]]
[[Category:2012 disestablishments in California]]
[[Category:Alternative rock groups from California]]
[[Category:American noise rock music groups]]
[[Category:American grunge groups]]
[[Category:Musical groups established in 1989]]
[[Category:Musical groups disestablished in 2002]]
[[Category:Musical groups reestablished in 2009]]
[[Category:Musical groups disestablished in 2012]]
[[Category:Sympathy for the Record Industry artists]]
[[Category:Caroline Records artists]]
[[Category:DGC Records artists]]
[[Category:Geffen Records artists]]
[[Category:Sub Pop artists]]
[[Category:Mercury Records artists]]
[[Category:Musical groups from Los Angeles]]
[[Category:Musical quartets from California]]
[[Category:American feminist musicians]]
[[Category:Third-wave feminism]]
[[Category:Courtney Love]]
[[Category:Articles which contain graphical timelines]]
[[Category:20th-century American guitarists]]
[[Category:City Slang artists]]
[[Category:Female-fronted musical groups]]
[[Category:Mixed-gender bands]]