Editing Hole, Norway

{{Infobox kommune
| name               = Hole
| native_name        =
| native_name_lang   =
| other_name         =
| official_name      =
| idnumber           = 3310
| image_skyline      = Nordforden og Royse.jpg
| county             = Buskerud
| district           = [[Ringerike (traditional district)|Ringerike]]
| capital            = [[Vik, Buskerud|Vik]]
| language           = [[Bokmål]]
| coatofarms         = Hole_komm.svg
| demonym            = Holeværing
| munwebpage         = www.hole.kommune.no
| mayor              = Syver Leivestad 
| mayor_party        = [[Conservative Party of Norway|H]]
| mayor_as_of        = 2003
| area_rank          = 329
| area_total_km2      = 198
| area_land_km2       = 134
| area_water_percent  = 0.06
| population_as_of   = 2004
| population_rank    = 187
| population_total   = 5199
| populationpercent  = 0.11
| population_density_km2= 39
| population_increase= 13.6
| coordinates        = {{coord|60|2|52|N|10|17|28|E|region:NO|display=inline,title}}
| utm_zone = 32V | utm_northing = 6657448 | utm_easting = 0571910 | geo_cat = adm2nd
}}

'''Hole''' is a [[Municipalities of Norway|municipality]] in [[Buskerud]] [[Counties of Norway|county]], [[Norway]]. It is part of the [[Districts of Norway|traditional region]] of [[Ringerike (traditional district)|Ringerike]]. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of [[Vik, Buskerud|Vik]]. Hole is located around lake [[Tyrifjorden]] and extends to the woodland around Oslo. The soil is fertile and suited to growing fruit, berries and other agricultural products.

The municipality of Hole was established on 1 January 1838 (see [[formannskapsdistrikt]]). The annex of [[Tyristrand]] was separated from Hole on 1 July 1916 to become a municipality of its own. The municipality of Hole was merged into the neighboring municipality of [[Ringerike (municipality)|Ringerike]] in 1964, however, this merger ended in 1977 when Hole was restored as a separate municipality.

Infrastructure: the road ([[European route E16|E16]]) between [[Sandvika]] and [[Hønefoss]] has been Norway's most deadly, for the ten-year period that ended in 2021; nine people died.<ref>https://www.nettavisen.no/nyheter/preget-ordforer-etter-nettavisen-avsloringer-burde-vart-gjort-noe-for-lenge-siden/s/5-95-888975. [[Nettavisen]].no. Retrieved 2023-02-06</ref>

==Name==
The municipality (originally the [[parish]]) is named after the old ''Hole'' farm ([[Old Norse]]: ''Hólar''), since the first church was built there. The name is the [[plural]] form of ''hóll'' which means "round (and isolated) hill".

==Coat-of-arms==
The [[Coat of arms|coat-of-arms]] is from modern times, as they were granted on 24 May 1985. The arms show four gold [[Crown (headgear)|crowns]] on a red background. They are a symbol for the four [[List of Norwegian monarchs|Norwegian Kings]] who lived in the municipality in the 9th-11th centuries:<ref>{{cite web|author=Norske Kommunevåpen|year=1990|title=Nye kommunevåbener i Norden|url=http://www.ngw.nl/int/nor/h/hole.htm|access-date=2009-01-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hole.kommune.no/index.php?id=45959|title=Om bruk av våpenet|publisher=Hole kommune|access-date=2009-01-07|language=no|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090312013352/http://www.hole.kommune.no/index.php?id=45959|archive-date=2009-03-12}}</ref>

*[[Halfdan the Black]] lived during the 9th century married Ragnhild, the daughter of [[Sigurd Hart]].  [[Berserker]]s killed Sigurd Hart and subsequently kidnapped his daughter Ragnhild.  Halfdan the Black saved Ragnhild and married her.  King Halfdan the Black ended his life in 860 by going through the ice on [[Randsfjorden]] with his men, his horse, and [[sled]]ge.  His body-or some part thereof-was possibly buried at the Stein farm on ''Halvdanshaugen'' ("The Mound of Halvdan").
*[[Sigurd Syr]] lived during the 11th century.  He was the great-great-grandchild of [[Harald I of Norway|Harald Hårfagre]] (900-940).  Although a king, Sigurd Syr was mainly interested in agricultural matters, which was quite exceptional for a king at that time.  His nickname ''Syr'' meant:  "The one who is digging in the field".  He was known as a peaceful and very wise man.  Sigurd Syr married the widow [[Åsta Gudbrandsdatter]], who had a little son, Olav, today known as St. Olaf.  Åsta and Sigurd Syr were the parents of Harald Hårdråde.
*[[Olaf II of Norway|St. Olav]] (or Olav Haraldsson) reigned from 1015 to 1030.  His mother was the above-mentioned Åsta and his stepfather was King Sigurd Syr.  However, Olaf Haraldsson's real father was [[Harald Grenske]], who had been killed in 995.  His widow, Åsta, gave birth to Olaf at the same year, but we do not know for sure if Olaf was born at Harald Grenske's place in [[Vestfold]] or in Hole.  Olaf Haraldsson is one out of four saints in Norwegian history and world known.
*[[Harald III of Norway|Harald Hårdråde]] reigned from 1046 to 1066 and was the half brother of Olaf Haraldsson.  He was born at King Syr's farm.  As a king he was known for his tough rule.  He was only 15 years old when he fought in the [[battle of Stiklestad]] in 1030 and experienced the death of his half brother.

{| style="float: center;" class="wikitable"
|+ '''Number of minorities (1st and 2nd generation) in Hole by country of origin in 2017'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ssb.no/statistikkbanken/selectvarval/Define.asp?subjectcode=&ProductId=&MainTable=FolkInnvkatLand&nvl=&PLanguage=1&nyTmpVar=true&CMSSubjectArea=befolkning&KortNavnWeb=innvbef&StatVariant=&checked=true |title=Immigrants and Norwegian-born to immigrant parents, by immigration category, country background and percentages of the population |language=en |publisher=ssb.no |access-date=29 July 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702101705/https://www.ssb.no/statistikkbanken/selectvarval/Define.asp?subjectcode=&ProductId=&MainTable=FolkInnvkatLand&nvl=&PLanguage=1&nyTmpVar=true&CMSSubjectArea=befolkning&KortNavnWeb=innvbef&StatVariant=&checked=true |archive-date=2 July 2015 }}</ref>
 
|-
! style="background:#efefef;"|Ancestry
! style="background:#efefef;"|Number
|-
| {{flag|Poland}}||255
|-
| {{flag|Russia}}||64
|-
| {{flag|Denmark}}||63
|-
| {{flag|Lithuania}}||58
|-
| {{flag|Sweden}}||53
|-
| {{flag|Germany}}||43
|-
| {{flag|Philippines}}||35
|}

==History==
Hole has an extensive and important role in Norwegian history.  Archeological finds from the Roman and [[Migration period]]s are numerous. Hole is also known as one of the traditional landscapes from the [[Viking Age]] and plays a prominent role in the [[Norse saga]]s.

King [[Halfdan the Black]] of [[Vestfold]] conquered the Ringerike traditional district, including Hole, in about 830 AD. According to [[saga]], when he died he was so popular that every district wanted his body. As a result, his body was quartered; his head was buried in the mound at the Stein estate in Hole. Halfdan the Black's second wife, Ragnild from Hole, was the mother of the first king of Norway, Harald I of Norway (also known as Harald Fairhair).

[[Olaf II of Norway|Saint Olaf]] (king of Norway from 1015 to 1028) was born in Hole, near where the 12th century Bønsnes Church (''Bønsnes kirke'') is located, to Harold Grenske (a grandson of [[Harald I of Norway]]) and his wife Asta. Asta later remarried to Sigurd Syr, chieftain of Hole, and had a son born there named Harold, (''Harald Hårdråde'') who later became [[Harald III Sigurdsson]] (king of Norway from 1046 to 1066) .<ref>''A Current Look at Bønsnes Church'' (by Bjørn Geirr Harsson; Elsie Sevig, translator. Ringerike-Drammen District Lag. Volume 23, Number 3. August 2009)</ref>

Ringerkike's famous poet, [[Jørgen Moe]], was brought up on the ''Mo'' (or ''Moe'') farm in Hole. Many of the fairy tales gathered by [[Asbjørnsen and Moe]] were collected in this area. Frognøya and Størøya are also important historical places in Hole.

On July 22, 2011, the [[Workers' Youth League (Norway)|Workers' Youth League]] summer camp, which took place on [[Utøya]] in Hole, was attacked as part of the [[2011 Norway attacks]].

==Geography==
[[File:Tyrifjorden-tb.jpg|thumb|right|220px|Tyrifjorden]]
The municipality of Hole is bordered on the north by [[Ringerike (municipality)|Ringerike]] municipality, in the east by [[Bærum]] municipality and in the south by [[Lier, Norway|Lier]] municipality. South of the lake [[Tyrifjorden]] it also borders on [[Modum]] municipality.  Most of the residents live in the villages of [[Sundvollen]], [[Vik, Sogn|Vik]], [[Kroksund]], [[Helgelandsmoen]], [[Steinsåsen]], [[Røyse]], and [[Sollihøgda]].

From the viewpoint ''"Kongens utsikt"''  which lies on Krokskogen, there are views of the landscape of Hole.  The main road between Oslo and [[Bergen]], [[European route E16]], runs through the community.

==Government==
The current mayor is Per Ragnvald Berger (born 18 October 1952), representing [[Conservative Party of Norway|''Høyre'']], the Conservatives, reelected for 2011–2015. Berger is in for his fourth term and was first elected in 1999.

==Stein Church Ruins==
[[File:Stein kirkeruin.JPG|thumb|Stein kirkeruin]]
Stein Church  Ruins (''Stein kirkeruin'') are located at Steinsfjorden. Originally constructed in the latter half of the 1100s, it was built of sandstone and limestone from the area. The chapel had a rectangular nave and narrower, very short choir area. The sanctuary  had portals in the west and south. By the second half of the 1500s, the chapel was no longer in use. In the 1570s, the inventory had been transferred [[Hamar Cathedral]].<ref>{{cite web|url=   http://www.norgeskirker.no/prod/wiki-prod/index.php?title=Stein_kirkeruin&oldid=33022|title=Stein kirkeruin|publisher =  Norges Kirker|author=   Sigrid Marie Christie, Håkon Christie|access-date= September 15, 2016}}</ref>
[[File:Bønsnes kirke.jpg|thumb|Bønsnes Church]]

==Bønsnes Church==
Bønsnes church (''Bønsnes Kirke'') is a small medieval era church. It is built of brick and was built in 1100. The church has rectangular plan and 80 seats. The church has conservation status protected. Bønsnes church has a later added wooden tower in front of the west gable. The tower is probably built in connection with repairs to the roof and masonry in the 1850s. In 1500s and 1600s the  church decayed. It was only after it was enabled in 1728, it was brought back into use.

In 1790 the interior was given a new decor. Painted clouds are on the ceiling, the pulpit and the gallery. The altarpiece is probably from the 1700s, featuring the Crucifixion and the Last Supper, surrounded by leaf ornaments, columns and sculptures. The medieval interior has a  Madonna sculpture from the 1200s and a crucifix from the 1400s.<ref>{{cite web|url=    http://www.norgeskirker.no/wiki/B%C3%B8nsnes_kirke 
|title= Bønsnes kirke|publisher =   Norges Kirker|author= Sigrid Marie Christie, Håkon Christie|access-date= October 1, 2016}}</ref>

==Hole Church==
[[File:Hole kirke, 2015-1.jpg|thumb|220px|right| Hole Church, Buskerud]]
Hole Church  (''Hole kirke'') probably stems from approximately 1200. It  is located in a hilly landscape around 5&nbsp;km southwest of Norderhov Church on a peninsula in [[Tyrifjord]]. The edifice is of stone and has 350 seats. The altarpiece in the Rococo style.
It was largely destroyed by fire in 1736. The church was rebuilt in 1737.  Repairs, restorations and remodeling occurred during 1827 and  1909. The old church  burned to the ground after  a lightning strike in 1943. The restored church is built by sandstone from the district and consists of a long, rectangular nave and a narrower, almost square choir in the east.<ref>''Here is Hole Kirke'' (Ardis Danger. Ringerike-Drammen District Lag. Vol. 23, No. 4, November 2009)</ref>
<ref>{{cite web|url=    http://www.norgeskirker.no/wiki/Hole_kirke|title= Hole kirke|publisher =   Norges Kirker|author= Sigrid Marie Christie, Håkon Christie|access-date= October 1, 2016}}</ref>

==Notable residents==
[[File:Frederik Wilhelm Stabell, malt av Hedevig Lund, Eidsvoll 1814, EM.01551 (cropped).jpg|140px|thumb|Frederik Wilhelm Stabell, 1814]]
* [[Frederik Wilhelm Stabell]] (1763–1836) a military officer and politician
* [[Christopher Simonsen Fougner]] (1795–1869) a politician, Mayor of Hole from 1840 to 1848
* [[Morten Ludvig Sundt]] (1809–1891) a farmer and politician, Mayor of Hole from 1850 to 1866
* [[Jørgen Moe]] (1813–1882) a folklorist, poet, author and Bishop of the [[Diocese of Agder og Telemark|Diocese of Kristianssand]] from 1874 <ref>{{Cite NIE|wstitle= Moe, Jörgen |short=x}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Americana|wstitle=Moe, Jörgen Ingebretsen |short=x}}</ref><ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Asbjörnsen, Peter Christen |volume= 2 |last= Gosse |first= Edmund William |author-link= Edmund Gosse | page = 715|quote= and MOE, JÖRGEN ENGEBRETSEN |short= 1}}</ref>
* [[Anders Castus Svarstad]] (1869–1943) a painter of urban landscapes

=== Sport ===
* [[Gabriel Rasch]] (born 1976) a former road bicycle racer
* [[Tord Asle Gjerdalen]] (born 1983) a cross-country skier
* [[Kenneth Di Vita Jensen]] (born 1990) a soccer player with over 100 club caps

==Twin towns — sister cities==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Norway}}

The following cities are [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with Hole:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hole.kommune.no/vennskapskommuner.37622.no.html|title=Hole kommune har fem nordiske vennskapskommuner|publisher=Hole kommune|access-date=2009-01-07|language=no|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090312013851/http://www.hole.kommune.no/vennskapskommuner.37622.no.html|archive-date=2009-03-12}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|DEN}} [[Faaborg-Midtfyn Municipality|Faaborg-Midtfyn]], [[Denmark]]
* {{flagicon|ISL}} [[Hólmavík]], [[Iceland]]
* {{flagicon|FIN}} [[Kustavi]], [[Finland]]
* {{flagicon|SWE}} [[Tanum Municipality|Tanum]], [[Sweden]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Hole, Norway}}
{{wiktionary|Hole}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20071001023222/http://www.ssb.no/english/municipalities/0612 Municipal fact sheet] from [[Statistics Norway]]
*{{Wikivoyage inline|Buskerud}}

{{Buskerud}}

[[Category:Hole, Norway| ]]
[[Category:Municipalities of Buskerud]]
[[Category:Ringerike (traditional district)]]