Editing Hofsjökull

{{Short description|Ice cap and volcano in Iceland}}
{{About|the Hofsjökull icecap|other uses|Hofsjökull (disambiguation)|text={{efn|Disambiguation note:In the south-east of Iceland,  on the eastern borders of the district of [[Lónsöræfi]] between the easternmost glacier tongue of [[Vatnajökull]] (Axajökull) and [[Þrándarjökull]], there is a smaller glacier (area about {{cvt|4|km2}}, height {{cvt|1069|m}}), which is also called Hofsjökull.<ref name=NLSI2024/>}}}}
__NOTOC__ 
{{Infobox glacier
| name = Hofsjökull
| photo = Hofsjökull.jpeg
| photo_caption = Satellite image of Hofsjökull.
| type = Ice cap 
| area = {{convert|830|sqkm|abbr=on}}{{sfn|Björnsson|2017|p=275}}
| length = 
| elevation_max = {{convert|1782|m|ft}}
| elevation_min = {{convert|600|m|ft}}
| thickness = up to {{convert|1100|m|abbr=on}}
| terminus = From due north clockwise Austari-Jökulsárjökull, Illviðrajökull, Löngukvíslarjökull, Miklafellsjökull, Háöldujökull, Þjórsárjökull, Rótarjökull, Múlajökull, Nauthagajökull, Miklukvíslarjökull,  Blautkvíslarjökull, Þverfellsjökull, Brattöldujökull, Blágnípujökull, Blöndujökull, Kvíslajökull, Álftabrekkujökull, Sátujökull, Lambahraunsjökull, and Tvífellsjökull outlet glaciers{{sfn|Sigurðsson|Williams|2008|pp=13-14}}
| status = Retreating
| location = Southwestern [[Iceland]]
| coordinates = {{coord|64|49|N|18|49|W|type:glacier}}
| map_image ={{maplink|frame=yes|frame-align=center|frame-width=260|frame-height=260|frame-long=-18.6|frame-lat=64.8|zoom=8|raw={{Wikipedia:Map data/Vatnajökull}}|text=Map of Hofsjökull glacier showing its named glacial catchments (light grey shading with white outline). Clicking on the map to enlarge it enables mouse over that allows identification of individual named glacial catchments in Iceland.}}
}}
[[Image:Hofsjökull from Nýi-Dalur july 2005.JPG|thumb|right|The picture shows Arnarfell hiðmikla (Great Eagle Mountain) in the middle, Múlajökull glacier to the left and Þjórsárjökull glacier to the right.]]
'''Hofsjökull''' ([[Icelandic language|Icelandic]]: "[[temple]] glacier", {{IPA|is|ˈhɔfsˌjœːkʏtl̥|audio=Hofsjökull pronunciation.ogg}}) is the third largest [[ice cap]] in [[Iceland]] after [[Vatnajökull]] and [[Langjökull]] and covers the largest active [[central volcano]] in the country, which has the same name.{{sfn|Thordurson|Hoskuldsson|2002|p=72}}{{sfn|Björnsson|2017|p=275}} It is situated in the west of the [[Highlands of Iceland]] and north of the mountain range [[Kerlingarfjöll]], between the two largest glaciers of Iceland. 

== Glacier ==
It covers an area of {{cvt|830|km2}},{{sfn|Björnsson|2017|p=275}} with the icecap top being {{convert|1782|m|ft}},<ref name=NLSI2024/> and bottom being at about {{cvt|600|m}}.{{sfn|Aðalgeirsdóttir|Jóhannesson|Björnsson|Pálsson|2006|loc=2. Data}} There are other summits relating to the underlying volcano with two being at {{convert|1765|m|abbr=on}}.<ref name=NLSI2001/><ref name=NLSI2024/> 
Hofsjökull is the source of several rivers including the [[Þjórsá]], Iceland's longest river.{{sfn|Thordurson|Hoskuldsson|2002|p=83}}

=== Changes ===
While all ice caps in Iceland have been losing volume since 1995, due to high [[precipitation]] in 2015 and low [[ablation]] during the previous cool summer, the Hofsjökull ice cap increased in mass, the first time in 20 years this had happened.{{sfn|Þorsteinsson|2015}} Between 1989 and 2015, even allowing for that last years increase, the icecap had lost about 12% of its 1989 volume which is close to {{cvt|25|km3}} of ice.{{sfn|Þorsteinsson|2015|loc=The annual balance}} Hofsjökull has been modelled to lose all its ice in about 200 years from studies using data between 1980 and 2005.{{sfn|Aðalgeirsdóttir|Jóhannesson|Björnsson|Pálsson|2006|loc=6.2. Response to Climate Change}} Run off into the draining rivers is modelled to increase by about 50% by 2100 before decreasing due to diminishing area of the ice caps.{{sfn|Aðalgeirsdóttir|Jóhannesson|Björnsson|Pálsson|2006|loc=9. Conclusions}} 

== Volcano ==
{{main|Hofsjökull volcanic system}}
The [[subglacial volcano]] is a central volcano with a [[caldera]]. Beyond the central volcano are fissure systems which include to the south the [[Kerlingarfjöll]] central volcano.{{sfn|Hjartardóttir|Einarsson|2021|loc=Introduction}}

==See also==
* [[Glaciers of Iceland]]
* [[Iceland plume]]
* [[Volcanism of Iceland]]
** [[List of volcanic eruptions in Iceland]]
** [[List of volcanoes in Iceland]]

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em|refs=<ref name=NLSI2024>{{Cite web|title=National Land Survey of Iceland (Kortasja)|url=https://kortasja.lmi.is/mapview/|year=2024 |access-date=2024-04-28}}</ref><ref name=NLSI2001>{{Cite web|last=National Land Survey of Iceland |title=National Land Survey of Iceland – Geographical information |url=http://www.lmi.is/english/iceland-in-statistics/ |year=2001 |access-date=2008-08-14 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100406053831/http://www.lmi.is/english/iceland-in-statistics/ |archive-date=2010-04-06 }}</ref>
}}

===Sources===
*{{Cite book| last1 = Thordurson| first1 = Thor | last2 = Hoskuldsson| first2 = Armann | title = Classic Geology in Europe 3: Iceland | place = Harpenden, England | publisher = Terra Publishing | year = 2002 | isbn = 1-903544-06-8}}
*{{Cite web|url=https://en.vedur.is/about-imo/news/nr/3229|title = Hofsjökull ice cap gains mass For the first time in twenty years the Hofsjökull ice cap gains mass|first1 =Þorsteinn|last1 =Þorsteinsson|year=2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222142557/https://en.vedur.is/about-imo/news/nr/3229|archive-date=2023-12-22|url-status=live }}
*{{cite journal|last1 =Aðalgeirsdóttir|first1= G.|last2 =Jóhannesson|first2 =T.|last3 =Björnsson|first3 =H.|last4 =Pálsson|first4 =F.|last5 =Sigurðsson|first5 =O.|year=2006|title = Response of Hofsjökull and southern Vatnajökull, Iceland, to climate change|journal =Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface|volume =111|page =F3001|doi =10.1029/2005JF000388|doi-access=free}}
*{{cite journal|last1 =Hjartardóttir|first1 =Á.R.|last2 =Einarsson|first2 =P.|year =2021|title =Tectonic position, structure, and Holocene activity of the Hofsjökull volcanic system, central Iceland.|journal =Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research|volume =417|page =107277|doi =10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2021.107277|bibcode =2021JVGR..41707277H}}
*{{cite book|last1= Björnsson|first1 =H.|year =2017|chapter= Glaciers of the Central Highlands|title =The Glaciers of Iceland Atlantis Advances in Quaternary Science| volume = 2|publisher =Atlantis Press, Paris|doi =10.2991/978-94-6239-207-6_6|isbn =978-94-6239-207-6|pages =275–336}}
*{{cite book|chapter =Geographic Names of Iceland’s Glaciers:Historic and Modern|url =https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1746/pdf/PP1746_pg1-42_fig1-10_lowrez.pdf|first1=Oddur|last1 =Sigurðsson|first2 =Richard S.|last2 =Williams|year=2008|title =Satellite Image Atlas of Glaciers of the World series (U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1386-D|editor1=Richard S. Williams Jr.|editor2=Jane G. Ferrigno|access-date=15 May 2024}}

==External links==
{{Commons}}
* [https://icelandicvolcanoes.is/?volcano=HOF Hofsjökull] in the [[Catalogue of Icelandic Volcanoes]]
* [http://www.isafold.de/langhof97/img_hofsjokull2.htm (Photo)]
* {{cite gvp|name=Hofsjökull|vn=371090|access-date=2021-06-25}}

{{Glaciers of Iceland}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Coord|64|49|N|18|49|W|region:IS_type:glacier|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hofsjokull}}
[[Category:Highlands of Iceland]]
[[Category:Mid-Iceland Belt]]
[[Category:Subglacial volcanoes of Iceland]]
[[Category:Glaciers of Iceland]]
[[Category:Volcanic systems of Iceland]]
[[Category:Calderas of Iceland]]
[[Category:Central volcanoes of Iceland]]