Editing Hill City, South Dakota

{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage-->
<!-- Basic info ----------------->
|name                     = Hill City
|settlement_type          = [[City]]
|other_name               = 
|native_name              = <!-- for cities whose native name is not in English -->
|nickname                 = 
|motto                    = The Heart of the Hills
<!-- images and maps ------------>
|image_skyline            = Hill City, SD.jpg
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|image_map                = Pennington_County_South_Dakota_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Hill_City_Highlighted.svg
|mapsize                  = 250px
|map_caption              = Location in [[Pennington County, South Dakota|Pennington County]] and the state of [[South Dakota]]
|image_map1               = 
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<!-- Location ------------------>
| subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name         = United States
|subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1        = [[South Dakota]]
|subdivision_type2        = [[List of counties in South Dakota|County]]
|subdivision_name2        = [[Pennington County, South Dakota|Pennington]]
|subdivision_type3        = 
|subdivision_name3        = 
|subdivision_type4        = 
|subdivision_name4        = 
<!-- Politics ----------------->
|government_footnotes     = 
|government_type          = [[Mayor-council government|Mayor-Council]]
|leader_title             = Mayor
|leader_name              = Kathy Skorzewski
|leader_title1            = Council President
|leader_name1             = Steve Jarvis
|leader_title2            = 
|leader_name2             = 
|leader_title3            = 
|leader_name3             = 
|leader_title4            = 
|leader_name4             = 
|established_title        = Established
|established_date         = 1876
|established_title2       = <!-- Incorporated (town) -->
|established_date2        = 
|established_title3       = Incorporated
|established_date3        = 1945<ref>{{cite web |title=SD Towns |publisher=[[South Dakota State Historical Society]] |access-date=2010-02-13 |url= http://history.sd.gov/Archives/forms/exhibits/SD%20Towns.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100210030454/http://history.sd.gov/Archives/forms/exhibits/SD%20Towns.pdf |archive-date= 2010-02-10 }}</ref>
<!-- Area ------------------------>
|area_magnitude           = 
|unit_pref                = Imperial
|area_footnotes           = <ref name="TigerWebMapServer">{{cite web|title=ArcGIS REST Services Directory|url=https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer/5/query?where=STATE='46'&outFields=NAME,STATE,PLACE,AREALAND,AREAWATER,LSADC,CENTLAT,CENTLON&orderByFields=PLACE&returnGeometry=false&returnTrueCurves=false&f=json|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 15, 2022}}</ref>
|area_total_km2           = 3.42
|area_land_km2            = 3.40
|area_water_km2           = 0.02
|area_total_sq_mi         = 1.32
|area_land_sq_mi          = 1.31
|area_water_sq_mi         = 0.01
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<!-- Population ------------------------->
|population_as_of         = [[2020 United States Census|2020]]
|population_est           = 
|pop_est_as_of            = 
|pop_est_footnotes        = 
|population_footnotes     = <ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly"/>
|population_total         = 872
|population_density_km2   = 256.63
|population_density_sq_mi = 664.63
|population_metro         = 
|population_density_metro_km2    = 
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|population_blank1_title         = 
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<!-- General information ---------------->
|timezone                 = [[Mountain Standard Time Zone|MST]]
| utc_offset = &minus;7
|timezone_DST             = [[Mountain Daylight Time|MDT]]
| utc_offset_DST = &minus;6
|coordinates              = {{coord|43|56|01|N|103|34|10|W|region:US-SD|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_footnotes      = <ref name=gnis/>
|elevation_ft             = 5013
<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->
|postal_code_type         = Zip Code
|postal_code              = 57745
|area_code                = 605, [[North American Numbering Plan|NXX Exchange]] 574
|blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info               = 46-29100<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2008-01-31|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref>
|blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info              = 1267423<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|1267423}}</ref>
|website                  = [https://www.hillcitysd.com/ City of Hill City]
|footnotes                = 
}}

'''Hill City''' is the oldest existing city in [[Pennington County, South Dakota]], United States. The population was 872 at the [[2020 United States Census|2020 census]].<ref name=USCensus>{{cite web |title=U.S. Census Bureau: Hill City city, South Dakota |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=1600000US4629100 |website=www.census.gov |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=26 February 2022 |language=en}}</ref> But as of the 2024 census, the population is now over 1,000.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hill City, South Dakota Population 2025 |url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/us-cities/south-dakota/hill-city |access-date=2025-03-27 |website=worldpopulationreview.com}}</ref> Hill City is located {{convert|26|mi|km}} southwest of [[Rapid City, South Dakota|Rapid City]] on [[U.S. Route 16 in South Dakota|U.S. Highway 16]] and on [[U.S. Route 385 in South Dakota|U.S. Route 385]] that connects [[Deadwood, South Dakota|Deadwood]] to [[Hot Springs, South Dakota|Hot Springs]]. Hill City is known as the "Heart of the Hills", a distinction derived from its proximity to both the geographical center of the [[Black Hills]], and the local tourist destinations. "Heart of the Hills" is one of Hill City's biggest honors. It was a momentous occasion that put this small town on the map for great years to come. When tourists talk about Hill City, the always mention that how they found out about this town it was because they are the "Heart of the Hills." <ref>{{Cite web |title=Heart of the Hills Exxon {{!}} Visit Hill City, SD |url=https://visithillcitysd.com/business/heart-of-the-hills-exxon/ |access-date=2025-03-29 |language=en-US}}</ref> Near Hill City, there is a monumental peak dating back hundreds of years. Black Elk Peak was once on reservation lands wear many Native people used to hunt and gather but they also used it as a prayer location.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Black Elk Peak |url=https://www.travelsouthdakota.com/trip-ideas/photo-essay/black-elk-peak |access-date=2025-03-29 |website=Travel South Dakota |language=en}}</ref>

The city has its roots in the Black Hills mining rush of the late 19th century. [[Tin mining]] was dominant in the 1880s and led to an influx of capital and people into the area. As the mining industry waned, tourism and timber became increasingly important industries to the area. With the establishment of [[Mount Rushmore]] in the 1940s, [[Custer State Park]] and the [[Sturgis Motorcycle Rally]], the Black Hills became known as a tourist destination, from which Hill City benefited. With the creation of Mount Rushmore and Crazy Horse National Monuments, there has been increasing rise of people who visit Hill City just to see these amazing monuments.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mount Rushmore National Memorial (U.S. National Park Service) |url=https://www.nps.gov/moru/index.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241115101244/https://www.nps.gov/moru/index.htm |archive-date=2024-11-15 |access-date=2025-03-29 |website=National Park Service |language=en}}</ref> In recent years, the city has diversified to become a center for the arts in the area, featuring several art studios and festivals.<ref name="bhvisitor">{{cite web |url=http://www.blackhillsvisitor.com/main.asp?id=14&cat_id=30020|title=Hill City|access-date=2007-05-20 |work= Black Hills Visitor Magazine}}</ref>

==History==
Human history in the area that became Hill City, and the greater Black Hills in particular, started by at least 7000 BC. The [[Arikara]] arrived by 1500 AD, followed by the [[Cheyenne]], [[Crow Nation|Crow]], [[Kiowa]] and [[Pawnee people|Pawnee]]. In the 19th century, the [[Lakota people|Lakota]] [[Sioux]] claimed the land, calling it ''Paha Sapa''. In 1874, Major General [[George Armstrong Custer]] led an expedition into the Black Hills, during which gold was discovered in French Creek, {{convert|13|mi|km}} south of Hill City. The discovery of gold opened the Black Hills, and the Hill City area, to mining. Hill City was first settled by miners in 1876, who referred to the area as Hillyo. This was the second American settlement in the Black Hills.<ref name="second city">{{cite web |url=http://www.usacitiesonline.com/sdcountyhillcity.htm|title=Hill City|access-date=2007-05-28 |work= Key to the City}}</ref> Hill City is the oldest city still in existence in Pennington County.<ref name="oldest city">{{cite web |url=http://www.blackhillsdiscovered.com/articles/2006/10/13/historic/hillcity01.txt|title=Hill City|access-date=2007-05-28 |last= Pechan|first=Bev |work= Black Hills Discovered}}</ref> A post office was constructed and opened on November 26, 1877.<ref name="sdtown">{{cite web |title=Dates for South Dakota Towns |url=http://www.sdhistory.org/arc/sdtowns.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090312215417/http://www.sdhistory.org/arc/sdtowns.htm |archive-date=2009-03-12 |access-date=May 26, 2007 |website=South Dakota State Historical Society}}</ref>  The city almost became a [[ghost town]] when miners relocated to the northern Black Hills after the discovery of gold there. The gold rush was one of Hill City's most well-known pieces of history. After the miners left the surrounding towns, they started building the Pactola dam. With Pactola Lake being the most swum and scuba dived, they have found the infamous sunken city of Pactola.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pactola Lake |url=https://www.blackhillshikingbikingandmore.com/pactola-lake |access-date=2025-03-29 |website=Black Hills Hiking, Biking, and More |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Magazine |first=Black Hills Visitor |date=2018-01-09 |title=Exploring Black Hill's Hidden Ghost Towns: Pactola |url=https://blackhillsvisitor.com/learn/pactola/ |access-date=2025-03-29 |website=Black Hills Visitor |language=en-US}}</ref>

In 1883, tin was discovered near Hill City, and the population rebounded. The Harney Peak Tin Mining, Milling, and Manufacturing Company made its headquarters on Main Street. The company was backed by English financiers and bought 1,100 prospecting sites around the area. As mining grew, the city became known for its wild living and was once referred to as "a town with a church on each end and a mile of Hell in between." At one time, 15 saloons were located on Main Street. The company built the Harney Peak Hotel on Main Street to entertain its management and executives. Upon realizing the tin market was unsustainable, the company ceased operation in 1902.

Although a small school building was established previously, a main school building was constructed on Main Street in 1921. This school building was replaced in 2001 with the current high school. On July 10, 1939, a fire started {{convert|10|mi}} outside of Hill City. Among those who battled the blaze was Hill City High School's entire basketball squad, as well as several teachers and administrators. The [[United States Forest Service]] named the school boys one of the best crews who fought the fire. The school team name thus became the Hill City Rangers and was privileged as the only school district in the United States allowed to use [[Smokey Bear]] as its official mascot.<ref>[http://hillcity.k12.sd.us/ The Story of the Hill City School Mascot, Retrieved on June 8, 2007]</ref> Hill City was incorporated on March 21, 1945.<ref name="sdtown"/> The Harney Peak Hotel remained in operation until 1934. The building has been restored and is the current location of the Alpine Inn. This building is on the [[List of Registered Historic Places in South Dakota]].<ref name="bhvisitor"/><ref name="keyhist">{{cite web|url=http://www.keystonechamber.com/kahs/keyhistory.html |title=A Thumbnail History of Keystone |access-date=2007-05-22 |last=Robert |first=Hayes |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070704233316/http://www.keystonechamber.com/kahs/keyhistory.html |archive-date=2007-07-04 }}</ref><ref name="alpine inn">{{cite web|url=http://www.alpineinnhillcity.com/about.asp |title=Alpine Inn Hill City |access-date=2007-05-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070206210915/http://www.alpineinnhillcity.com/about.asp |archive-date=2007-02-06 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Black Hills Institute of Geological Research opened in 1973 and is involved in the excavation and display of dinosaur and other fossils.<ref>{{cite web | title =Black Hills Institute of Geological Research | year =2005 | url =http://www.bhigr.com | access-date =2007-12-14 }}</ref> In 1992, the institute was engaged in a legal battle over ownership of the ''[[Tyrannosaurus|Tyrannosaurus rex]]'' fossil named "[[Sue (dinosaur)|Sue]]".

This city was one of the filming locations for [[Turner Network Television|TNT]]'s 1994 film ''[[Lakota Woman: Siege at Wounded Knee]]''.

===Railroad===
[[File:StateRailroadMuseumHillCitySD.jpg|thumb|left|The State Railroad Museum in Hill City]]
The main railroad lines that intersected Hill City were the [[Burlington Northern]] Line (also called the High Line), previously the Grand Island and Wyoming Central, operated by the [[Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad]] Company; and the Black Hills Central Line, a spur that extended from Hill City to Keystone. The High Line extended from [[Edgemont, South Dakota|Edgemont]] north through Hill City and terminated in Deadwood. This line reached Hill City in 1893, and the Black Hills Central Line was extended and reached Keystone on January 20, 1900.<ref name="keyhist"/> [[Narrow gauge]] trolley cars were operated at 45-minute intervals during the day on the High Line. The High Line discontinued its passenger service in 1949 and was fully abandoned in 1983. It is now the [[George S. Mickelson Trail]], after being converted to a bike trail during the 1990s.

[[File:1880TrainHillCitySD.jpg|thumb|right|"1880 Train" in Hill City]]
In 1957, the [[Black Hills Central Railroad]], also known locally as the 1880 Train, opened a tourist passenger train on the Black Hills Central Line. In 1972, a flood destroyed the last mile of the Burlington Northern and Black Hills Central Lines that extended from Hill City to Keystone. This final mile was restored in 2001. The Black Hills Central Railroad restores era-style locomotives and train cars. It has been featured on television shows such as the ''[[Gunsmoke]]'' episode "Snow Train", ''[[General Hospital]]'', and the TNT mini-series ''[[Into the West (TV miniseries)|Into the West]]''. The railroad also made an appearance in the movie ''Orphan Train''.<ref>{{cite web| title =Railroad History of the Black Hills| publisher =Roosevelt Inn| year =1999| url =http://www.rosyinn.com/5600a04.htm| access-date =2007-12-14| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20070929222343/http://www.rosyinn.com/5600a04.htm| archive-date =2007-09-29| url-status =dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last =Mills | first =Rick | title =A Time Line of Black Hills Railroads | work =Black Hills Visitor Magazine | url =http://www.blackhillsvisitor.com/main.asp?id=14&cat_id=30175&open_id=71 | access-date =2007-12-14 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| title =Black Hills 1880 Central Railroad Train| work =ALLBlackHills.com| publisher =Vertical Media| url =http://www.allblackhills.com/attractions/black_hills_1880_central_railroad_train.php| access-date =2007-12-14| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20080101145155/http://www.allblackhills.com/attractions/black_hills_1880_central_railroad_train.php| archive-date =2008-01-01| url-status =dead}}</ref>

===Sue controversy===
[[File:MuseumHillCitySD.jpg|thumb|left|Black Hills Institute of Geological Research]]
On August 12, 1990, [[Sue Hendrickson]], a volunteer for the [[Black Hills Institute of Geological Research]] discovered the fossil of what would become the most complete skeleton of a ''[[Tyrannosaurus|Tyrannosaurus rex]]'' ever discovered. The fossil was named "[[Sue (dinosaur)|Sue]]" after the woman who discovered it. After discovery, excavation, and transport to the institute's facilities in Hill City, controversy arose as to who the rightful owners of the fossil were. The parties in dispute were the land owner, Maurice Williams; the tribe, and thus the federal government; and the Black Hills Institute. On May 12, 1992, FBI agents seized Sue from the institute over the course of three days. The fossil was shipped to [[South Dakota School of Mines and Technology]]. Through the ongoing court battle, it was finally decided that Maurice Williams was the owner of the fossil. The federal government later brought a 39-count, 153-charge indictment against the institute and several of its members, which was related to this case and other fossils. This case turned into the longest criminal trial in South Dakota state history. [[Peter Larson]], the president of the institute, was convicted on two counts of customs violations, for which he served two years in federal prison. Sue was finally auctioned off by [[Sotheby's]] auction house and sold by Maurice Williams to the [[Field Museum]] in [[Chicago, Illinois]] for $8.36 million.<ref>{{cite web | last =Larson | first =Neal | title =The Story of a Dinosaur Named SUE | publisher =Black Hills Institute of Geological Research | date =May 18, 2000 | url =http://www.bhigr.com/pages/info/info_sue_6.htm | access-date =2007-12-14 }}</ref>

==Geography and climate==
Hill City is located in the Black Hills near the geographic center of the Black Hills,<ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite web |url= http://www.hillcity.k12.sd.us/District%20Folder/disframset.htm |title=Hill City School District |access-date=2007-05-19 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070726141112/http://hillcity.k12.sd.us/District%20Folder/disframset.htm |archive-date= 2007-07-26 |url-status=dead }}</ref> which is where the cities motto "The Heart of the Hills" originated. Spring Creek and [[Newton Fork]] run through the east side of town.

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|1.27|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, of which {{convert|1.26|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is land and {{convert|0.01|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is water.<ref name="Gazetteer files">{{cite web |title=US Gazetteer files 2010 |url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=2012-06-21 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112090031/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |archive-date=January 12, 2012 }}</ref>

The climate of Hill City is dry, with an average of {{convert|20|in|mm}} of precipitation annually. The presence of the hills surrounding the town leads to cooler weather in winter and summer and makes for calm conditions with little wind compared to areas outside of the Black Hills.<ref name="autogenerated1" /> The [[Köppen climate classification|Köppen climate type]] of this location is ''Dwb'', often described as the dry-winter version of the [[Humid continental climate|Warm Summer Humid Continental climate]]. Climates that feature a winter dry season like this one are rare in non-tropical areas of the United States, with appearances limited to isolated areas of the Great Plains states.

{{Weather box 
|location = Hill City, South Dakota (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1968–present)
|single line = Y
|Jan record high F = 74
|Feb record high F = 70
|Mar record high F = 77
|Apr record high F = 85
|May record high F = 90
|Jun record high F = 99
|Jul record high F = 101
|Aug record high F = 101
|Sep record high F = 98
|Oct record high F = 89
|Nov record high F = 78
|Dec record high F = 71
|year record high F = 101

|Jan avg record high F = 59.8
|Feb avg record high F = 59.2
|Mar avg record high F = 67.4
|Apr avg record high F = 74.4
|May avg record high F = 82.5
|Jun avg record high F = 89.4
|Jul avg record high F = 93.0
|Aug avg record high F = 91.7
|Sep avg record high F = 88.2
|Oct avg record high F = 79.1
|Nov avg record high F = 67.7
|Dec avg record high F = 58.9
|year avg record high F = 94.3

|Jan high F = 40.5
|Feb high F = 40.8
|Mar high F = 49.0
|Apr high F = 55.8
|May high F = 64.8
|Jun high F = 75.4
|Jul high F = 82.8
|Aug high F = 81.8
|Sep high F = 73.8
|Oct high F = 59.8
|Nov high F = 48.6
|Dec high F = 40.7
|year high F = 59.5
|Jan mean F = 25.1
|Feb mean F = 25.5
|Mar mean F = 34.0
|Apr mean F = 41.1
|May mean F = 50.7
|Jun mean F = 60.3
|Jul mean F = 66.7
|Aug mean F = 65.0
|Sep mean F = 56.2
|Oct mean F = 43.8
|Nov mean F = 33.2
|Dec mean F = 25.4
|year mean F = 43.9
|Jan low F = 9.6
|Feb low F = 10.1
|Mar low F = 19.1
|Apr low F = 26.3
|May low F = 36.6
|Jun low F = 45.2
|Jul low F = 50.7
|Aug low F = 48.3
|Sep low F = 38.5
|Oct low F = 27.9
|Nov low F = 17.8
|Dec low F = 10.2
|year low F = 28.4

|Jan avg record low F = -14.7
|Feb avg record low F = -14.3
|Mar avg record low F = -4.5
|Apr avg record low F = 8.4
|May avg record low F = 21.4
|Jun avg record low F = 32.2
|Jul avg record low F = 39.5
|Aug avg record low F = 36.6
|Sep avg record low F = 24.3
|Oct avg record low F = 8.5
|Nov avg record low F = -3.7
|Dec avg record low F = -12.9
|year avg record low F = -23.8

|Jan record low F = −30
|Feb record low F = −38
|Mar record low F = −25
|Apr record low F = −9
|May record low F = 14
|Jun record low F = 26
|Jul record low F = 30
|Aug record low F = 28
|Sep record low F = 12
|Oct record low F = −21
|Nov record low F = −19
|Dec record low F = −39
|year record low F = −39
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 0.40
|Feb precipitation inch = 0.65
|Mar precipitation inch = 1.12
|Apr precipitation inch = 2.46
|May precipitation inch = 4.15
|Jun precipitation inch = 3.43
|Jul precipitation inch = 3.55
|Aug precipitation inch = 2.34
|Sep precipitation inch = 1.54
|Oct precipitation inch = 1.65
|Nov precipitation inch = 0.59
|Dec precipitation inch = 0.49
|year precipitation inch = 22.37
|Jan snow inch = 6.1
|Feb snow inch = 8.7
|Mar snow inch = 11.6
|Apr snow inch = 13.8
|May snow inch = 4.1
|Jun snow inch = 0.3
|Jul snow inch = 0.0
|Aug snow inch = 0.0
|Sep snow inch = 1.0
|Oct snow inch = 6.5
|Nov snow inch = 7.5
|Dec snow inch = 7.0
|year snow inch = 66.6
|unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
|Jan precipitation days = 5.1
|Feb precipitation days = 6.6
|Mar precipitation days = 7.4
|Apr precipitation days = 10.8
|May precipitation days = 14.3
|Jun precipitation days = 12.4
|Jul precipitation days = 12.2
|Aug precipitation days = 10.1
|Sep precipitation days = 7.6
|Oct precipitation days = 7.8
|Nov precipitation days = 5.0
|Dec precipitation days = 5.1
|year precipitation days = 104.4
|unit snow days = 0.1 in
|Jan snow days = 4.8
|Feb snow days = 6.0
|Mar snow days = 5.7
|Apr snow days = 5.3
|May snow days = 1.2
|Jun snow days = 0.1
|Jul snow days = 0.0
|Aug snow days = 0.0
|Sep snow days = 0.4
|Oct snow days = 2.1
|Nov snow days = 4.0
|Dec snow days = 4.7
|year snow days = 34.3
|source 1 = [[NOAA]]<ref name= NOAA>
{{cite web
| url = https://www.weather.gov/wrh/Climate?wfo=unr
| title = NowData - NOAA Online Weather Data
| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
| access-date = October 28, 2021}}</ref><ref name=NCEI>
{{cite web
| url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&startDate=0001-01-01&endDate=9996-12-31&stations=USC00393868&format=pdf
| title = Station: Hill City, SD
| work = U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991–2020)
| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
| access-date = October 28, 2021}}</ref>
}}

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1890= 479
|1900= 602
|1910= 271
|1920= 443
|1950= 361
|1960= 419
|1970= 389
|1980= 535
|1990= 650
|2000= 780
|2010= 948
|2020= 872
|align-fn=center
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|author=United States Census Bureau|author-link=United States Census Bureau|access-date=November 8, 2014}}</ref><ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly">{{cite web|url=https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/pl?get=P1_001N,NAME&for=place:*&in=state:46&key=5ccd0821c15d9f4520e2dcc0f8d92b2ec9336108|title=Census Population API|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=Oct 15, 2022}}</ref>
}}

===2010 census===
As of the [[census]]<ref name ="wwwcensusgov">{{cite web|title=U.S. Census website|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2012-06-21}}</ref> of 2010 there were 1008 people, 394 households, and 244 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was {{convert|752.4|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 473 housing units at an average density of {{convert|375.4|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 82.1% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.6% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 4.0% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.1% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 10.4% from [[Race (U.S. Census)|other races]], and 2.7% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 18.9% of the population.

There were 394 households, of which 33.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.2% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 7.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 38.1% were non-families. 30.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 3.05.

The median age in the city was 37.9 years. 25.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.7% were from 25 to 44; 27.6% were from 45 to 64; and 13.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 51.2% male and 48.8% female.

===2000 census===
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2" /> of 2000, there were 780 people, 298 households, and 213 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|1,013.5|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 340 housing units at an average density of {{convert|441.8|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the city was 89.74% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 3.46% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.26% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 4.36% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 2.18% from two or more races. [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] of any race were 7.05% of the population.

There were 298 households, out of which 39.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.3% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 13.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.2% were non-families. 24.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.62 and the average family size was 3.11.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 31.2% under the age of 18, 7.6% from 18 to 24, 30.3% from 25 to 44, 20.4% from 45 to 64, and 10.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.8 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $32,500, and the median income for a family was $37,500. Males had a median income of $30,114 versus $17,000 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $15,789. About 12.5% of families and 13.7% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 17.5% of those under age 18 and 13.3% of those age 65 or over.

==Government and services==
Hill City incorporates a [[Mayor-Council government|Mayor-Council]] style of governance in which the mayor is the chief executor and the council has legislative control over city ordinances. The city is broken into two [[Ward (politics)|wards]] with two members of the city council elected from each ward to serve two-year terms. Mayor Don Voorhees was elected to his first term in 2006 and will serve a four-year term. Dave Gray is the president of the council and represents the first ward. Mr. Gray has served on the council since 1998 and was re-elected in 2006. The second representative from the first ward is Tana Nichols who was first elected in 2001 and re-elected in 2005. Ward II is represented by John Johnson who was first elected in 2003 and re-elected in 2005, and Dan Maxfield who was elected to his first term in 2006.

Members of the Zoning and Planning Commission, Parks Board, and Library Board are appointed. There are five members on the zoning and planning commission with the chair and vice-chair being elected positions. The city's financial officer administrates city offices, council activities, mayoral activities, department and personnel management, while also acting as financial control of city assets, budgets, and fiscal activities.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hillcitysd.govoffice2.com/ |title=Hill City, SD - Hill City<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2007-05-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927213334/http://www.hillcitysd.govoffice2.com/ |archive-date=2007-09-27 |url-status=dead }}</ref>  The major source of city income is through a sales tax. The office of Public Works oversees city infrastructure, water and sewers.

In the [[South Dakota State Legislature]], Hill City is represented by two representatives and one senator from District 30 who all serve two-year terms corresponding to even numbered years.   The district encompasses all of [[Fall River County]], [[Custer County, South Dakota|Custer County]], and most of Pennington country excluding most of the Rapid City area in the north central part of the county.<ref>{{cite web | title =South Dakota Legislative Districts Interactive Map | url =http://arcgis.sd.gov/server/dlrc/lrc2012/ | access-date =2013-06-04 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20130507113537/http://arcgis.sd.gov/server/dlrc/lrc2012/ | archive-date =2013-05-07 | url-status =dead }}</ref> The senator is Bruce Rampelberg, a second-term Republican from Rapid City.<ref>{{cite web | title =South Dakota Legislature: 2013 Senate Roster | url =http://legis.state.sd.us/sessions/2013/Roster.aspx?Body=S | access-date =2013-06-04 }}</ref> The representatives are Lance Russell, a third-term Republican from Hot Springs, and Mike Verchio, a third-term Republican from Hill City.<ref>{{cite web | title =South Dakota Legislature: 2013 House Roster | url =http://legis.state.sd.us/sessions/2013/Roster.aspx?Body=H | access-date =2013-06-04 }}</ref>

Hill City has a voluntary ambulance service and voluntary fire department. There is one health clinic in town with limited services. Rapid City Regional hospital (26 miles away) and Custer community hospital (13 miles away) both offer emergency room and other health facilities. There is a small library in town with a collection of 7,338 books and various audio and visual resources.<ref>[http://www.city-data.com/city/Hill-City-South-Dakota.html Hill City, South Dakota (SD) Detailed Profile - relocation, real estate, travel, jobs, hospitals, schools, crime, news, sex offenders<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>  The Pennington Country Sheriff's Department has allocated three deputies to serve the Hill City area.<ref>{{cite web | title =Pennington Country Sheriff's Office | url =http://www.penningtoncountysheriff.com/ | access-date =2009-05-14 }}</ref>

==Economy==
Employment in Hill City is based on the [[timber]], [[tourism]], and [[telecommunications]] industries. The timber industry is important to Hill City since it is located in the [[Black Hills National Forest]]. Rushmore Forest Products used to operate a [[lumber mill]] outside of town and was the area's largest employer until it closed down in 2021.Tourism is enabled by Hill City's proximity to Mount Rushmore, Crazy Horse Memorial, Custer State Park, and the Sturgis Motorcycle Rally. Ranging about 56 miles in between Custer SD to Lead-Deadwood SD, there are hundreds of tourist attractions. In Lead SD you have the Terry Peak ski lodge and where the Gold Rush originated. These 56 miles are what keeps tourism alive in western South Dakota.<ref>{{Cite web |title=South Dakota's Top Attractions |url=https://www.travelsouthdakota.com/things-to-do/attractions |access-date=2025-03-29 |website=Travel South Dakota |language=en}}</ref> Several local attractions, restaurants, souvenir shops, and art galleries cater to those visiting the area. RMA & Associates, a telecommunications company responsible for telephone surveying, has a call center in Hill City.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hillcitysd.com/econdev/innerlinks/hcprofile.html |title=Hill City Profile<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2007-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070624143121/http://www.hillcitysd.com/econdev/innerlinks/hcprofile.html |archive-date=2007-06-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref>[https://www.custercountychronicle.com/content/lights-out-rushmore-forest-products]

Hill City has increasingly become the arts community of the Black Hills, and is the home to the Warrior's Work gallery, which features both Indian art and art reflecting the West, Black Hills Bronze, and the home gallery of well-known local painter Jon Crane. It is also the home of ''Art of the Hills'' magazine, which focuses on the art and artists of the region.

Hill City collects a 2% sales tax on general merchandise, and an additional 1% on lodging, restaurants, alcohol, and ticket sales.<ref>[http://www.state.sd.us/drr2/businesstax/municipaltax/city_tax_history/hill_city.htm Business Tax<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
Hill City does not tax income on business or individuals.

==Education==
[[Hill City School District 51-2]], the area school district,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st46_sd/schooldistrict_maps/c46103_pennington/DC20SD_C46103.pdf|title=2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Pennington County, SD|publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]]|access-date=2024-09-27}} - [https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st46_sd/schooldistrict_maps/c46103_pennington/DC20SD_C46103_SD2MS.txt Text list]</ref> is made up of elementary, middle, and high schools located in separate buildings on the same campus. A permanent school building was constructed in 1921 and housed all grades until an elementary school building was constructed in 1961 with several modifications in the 1980s. The Middle School was built in the 1970s with several additions in the 1990s. After the middle school was built the original school building became the high school building. In 2001, construction was begun on a new high school which was completed in 2002. The previous high school was razed in 2003.<ref name="autogenerated1" /> Hill City District 51-2 schools are predominantly funded through property tax on those living in the school district. The district also has adopted an open enrollment policy that makes it easier to transfer between local school districts.

Enrollment as of the 2010–2011 school year was 506,<ref>{{Cite web |url= http://doe.sd.gov/ofm/applications/statdigest/default.asp |title= Education in South Dakota {{!}} District State Wide Profiles |access-date= 2007-05-19 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070512120325/http://doe.sd.gov/ofm/applications/statdigest/default.asp |archive-date= 2007-05-12 |url-status=dead }}</ref> while the majority live outside the city limits. With Hill City's tourism rates rising an many people wanting the "quiet way of living" the enrollment rate sky-rocketed with over 700 students K-12 in Hill City.<ref name="Hill City School District 51-2">{{Cite web |title=Hill City School District 51-2 |url=https://www.hillcity.k12.sd.us/ |access-date=2025-03-29 |website=www.hillcity.k12.sd.us}}</ref> The school also serves the town of Keystone, South Dakota, and the unincorporated towns of [[Rochford, South Dakota|Rochford]], and [[Silver City, South Dakota|Silver City]]. The school system is administered by a board of education which as of the 2010–2011 school year, was made up of President Owen Wiederhold and members Cydnee Gruzenski, Kris Knapp, Darrell Sullivan and Michelle Anderson. The school's superintendent is Blake Gardner.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://hillcity.k12.sd.us/index.htm |title=Hill City Rangers Home Page<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=May 17, 2007 |archive-date=July 26, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070726140156/http://hillcity.k12.sd.us/index.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>  The high school principal is Todd Satter, the middle school principal is Joe Noyes, and the 2025 elementary principal is Samantha Weaver.<ref name="Hill City School District 51-2"/>

The Hill City Schools made AYP under the No Child Left Behind Legislation at every grade level and at every subgroup.  South Dakota school districts use the Dakota Step Test as its assessment tool.  The upcoming year, 79% of students will be required to be proficient in reading and 72% in math.

==Culture and religion==
Hill City is becoming a center for the Black Hills [[visual arts]] community. The Hill City Arts Council oversees the promotion of the arts in the city,<ref>[http://www.hillcityarts.org/ Welcome to Hill City Area Arts Council<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> as well as several arts events throughout the year including the annual Art Extravaganza put on by the local artists and Arts and Crafts fair which draws more regional influence. An annual [[quilt]] show and Native American quilt show are also offered. There are seven art studios and galleries in town with several regionally known artists.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hillcitysd.com/galleries.html |title=Hill City Galleries and Opportunities<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2007-05-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070525161315/http://www.hillcitysd.com/galleries.html |archive-date=2007-05-25 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Styles highlighted are sculpture in bronze and stone, [[watercolors]], painting, and framing. Native American artwork and jewelry are also prominent. Every painting, quilt, and piece of jewelry are hand made through community church's and fellow people involved with the school itself.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Heart of the Hills Quilters – A quilt guild in Hill City, SD |url=https://heartofthehillsquilters.com/ |access-date=2025-03-29 |language=en-US}}</ref>

The Hill City Slickers is a musical group that plays country, folk, and bluegrass music as well as original music. In 2003 they were featured artists with the [[Black Hills Symphony Orchestra]].  Thus far they have produced three albums.

Hill City is home to the Black Hills Museum of Natural History, which came out of the vision of the Black Hills Institute for Geological Research. The museum was incorporated in 1992. The collection on display includes dinosaurs, fossil fishes, mammals, birds, reptiles, and fossil invertebrates, as well as gemstones, minerals, and meteorites. The highlight of the collection is the ''Tyrannosaurus rex'' specimen named "[[BHI 3033|Stan]]" which is one of the most compete skeletons unearthed with 65% of the bones unearthed. The museum is also a leading contributor to Hill City's Natural History Days celebration that focuses on fun and education, with guest speakers, and a fossil hunt for children.<ref>{{cite web |title=Black Hills Museum of Natural History |url=http://www.bhmnh.org/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091230083747/http://www.bhmnh.org/ |archive-date=2009-12-30 |access-date=May 27, 2007 |website=Black Hills Museum of Natural History}}</ref>

Wade's Gold Mill and Mining Museum offers a look back on the history of mining in the Black Hills. The museum has worked to collect and preserve equipment used of mining in the Black Hills and hosts a one-stamp gold mill.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wade's Gold Mill |url=http://www.wadesgoldmill.com/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110216222214/http://www.wadesgoldmill.com/ |archive-date=2011-02-16 |access-date=June 8, 2007 |url-status=usurped |website=www.wadesgoldmill.com}}</ref>

Although people of many faiths live in Hill City, five groups have established church buildings in town. These include [[Assemblies of God]], [[Catholic Church]], [[Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod]], [[Evangelical Lutheran Church in America]], and one [[non-denominational]] Christian church.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hillcitysd.com/Weddingpage.html |title=Hill City Chamber of Commerce - Western Romance and Wedding Directory<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2007-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070525160755/http://www.hillcitysd.com/Weddingpage.html |archive-date=2007-05-25 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Sports and recreation==
[[File:GinsCourt.JPG|thumb|right|Coach Gins Court in Hill City, SD. Home to the Rangers.]]
Hill City High School is a member of the [[South Dakota High School Activities Association]] and competes in class "A". Because students helped to fight a wildfire that threatened the community in 1939, the school's mascot is [[Smokey Bear]], and the fight song is [[Marines' Hymn]].<ref>{{cite web | last =South Dakota High School Activities Association | author-link =South Dakota High School Activities Association | title =SDHSAA | url =http://www.sdhsaa.com/ | access-date =2007-12-14 }}</ref> High School Boys compete in basketball, football, track and field, cross country, and wrestling. High School Girls compete in basketball, volleyball, cheerleading, track and field, cross country, and golf.<ref>{{cite web| title =Hill City Rangers!| url =http://hillcity.k12.sd.us/hs_folder/hsframeset.htm| access-date =2007-12-14| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20071212125453/http://hillcity.k12.sd.us/hs_folder/hsframeset.htm| archive-date =2007-12-12| url-status =dead}}</ref> The school also provides a choir, band, and theatre department. Sports in Hill City are always improving, recently the Hill City boys of the 2025 team have made history.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-21 |title=Hill City's historic 20-win season notches another program-first in victory over Clark/Willow Lake |url=https://www.siouxfallslive.com/sports/prep/hill-citys-historic-20-win-season-notches-another-program-first-in-victory-over-clark-willow-lake |access-date=2025-03-27 |website=Sioux Falls Live |language=en}}</ref> In 2025, the boys made it to the State "A" Basketball tournament, the first trip to state in Hill City boys basketball history, where they achieved the first state "A" win in Hill City history.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ranger boys make history with first ever trip to state {{!}} myblackhillscountry.com |url=https://custercountychronicle.com/content/ranger-boys-make-history-first-ever-trip-state |access-date=2025-03-27 |website=custercountychronicle.com}}</ref>

Outdoor Sports popular in the area include hiking, mountain climbing, [[snowmobiling]], and [[dogsled racing]]. Hill City is the ninth trailhead on the [[George S. Mickelson Trail]] that runs from Deadwood, to Edgemont. This trail is often used for running, cycling, and snowmobiling in the winter.<ref>{{cite web| last =South Dakota Game, Fish and Parks| title =George S. Mickelson Trail| url =http://www.sdgfp.info/parks/regions/northernhills/mickelsontrail/index.htm| access-date =2007-12-14| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20071210154605/http://www.sdgfp.info/parks/regions/northernhills/mickelsontrail/index.htm| archive-date =2007-12-10| url-status =dead}}</ref>

Snowmobiling is also enjoyed in the area with groomed paths running through Hill City and the surrounding Black Hills. There are {{convert|350|mi|km}} of groomed trails in the area. Two snowmobiling magazines have rated the Black Hills as one of the best places to ride in North America.<ref>{{cite web | title =Snowmobiling | work =ALLBlackHills.com | publisher =Vertical Media | url =http://www.allblackhills.com/winter_recreation/snowmobiling.php | access-date =2007-12-14 }}</ref>

==Notable people==
*[[Frank Henderson (South Dakota politician)|Frank Henderson]], jurist and state legislator
*[[Jonathan Karl]], American politician; ABC News Washington Correspondent; raised in Hill City.
*[[Watson Parker]], historian specializing in the history of the Black Hills; raised on a ranch near Hill City.<ref name=rcj>{{cite news|first=Lynn|last=Taylor Rick|title='Dean' of Black Hills history dies |url=http://rapidcityjournal.com/news/local/communities/lead-deadwood/a5c433a5-3dc1-58c7-af57-e63d5b4dddea.html |work=[[Rapid City Journal]]  |date=2013-01-10 |access-date=2013-01-13}}</ref>

==Area Media==
The television and radio stations available in Hill City are generally based out of the [[Rapid City, South Dakota|Rapid City]] market.<ref>{{cite web | title =Hill City, South Dakota | work =CityData.com | url =http://www.city-data.com/city/Hill-City-South-Dakota.html | access-date =2007-12-14 }}</ref> Hill City does have one FM station, 103.9 [[K280AJ]], which is a translator station of [[KRCS]] Sturgis.<ref>[http://www.northpine.com/broadcast/sd/radio.html South Dakota Radio Stations<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>

*''Television''
** [[KHME]] 3 [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]]
** [[KOTA-TV]] 7 [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]]
** [[South Dakota Public Broadcasting|KBHE-TV]] 9 [[Public Broadcasting Service|PBS]]
** [[KNBN]] 21 [[NBC]]
*''FM Radio''
** 89.3 [[South Dakota Public Broadcasting|KBHE SDPB]]/[[National Public Radio|NPR]] ([[Public radio|Public]]/[[European classical music|Classical]]/[[Jazz]])
** 92.3 [[KQRQ-FM]] "Q 92.3" ([[Classic hits]])
** 93.1/99.5 [[KRCS]] "Hot 93.1" ([[Top 40 (radio format)|Top 40]]/[[Contemporary hit radio|CHR]])
** 93.9 [[KKMK]] "Magic 93.9" ([[Adult contemporary]])
** 95.1 [[KSQY]] "K-Sky" ([[Mainstream Rock]])
** 97.9/105.7 [[KVPC]] "VCY America" ([[Christian radio|Christian]])
** 98.7 [[KOUT]] "Kat Country" ([[Country music|Country]])
** 100.3 [[KFXS]] "The Fox" ([[Classic rock]])
** 103.9 [[K280AJ]] ([[Adult contemporary]])
** 104.1 [[KIQK]] "Kick 104" ([[Country music|Country]])
** 106.3 [[KZLK]] "Max FM" ([[Adult hits]])
*''AM Radio''
** 810 [[KBHB]] Sturgis
** 920 [[KKLS (AM)|KKLS]] Rapid City
** 980 [[KDSJ]] Deadwood
** 1150 [[KIMM (AM)|KIMM]] Rapid City
** 1340 [[KTOQ]] Rapid City
** 1380 [[KOTA (AM)|KOTA]] Rapid City
*''Print''
The ''Hill City Prevailer'' is a weekly newspaper covering local issues in Hill City and Keystone.  Founded in 1970, the paper is published by Southern Hills Publishing Inc. and has a circulation of 850.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SDNA Member Newspapers in Hill City, South Dakota |url=https://www.sdna.com/search.php?c=Hill%20City |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930070600/https://www.sdna.com/search.php?c=Hill%20City |archive-date=2007-09-30 |website=South Dakota Newspaper Association}}</ref>

Art of the Hills Magazine is a bi-annual publication focusing on visual and [[performing arts]] and [[creative writing]] in Hill City and the Black Hills.<ref>{{cite web | title =Art of the Hills Magazine | url =http://www.artofthehills.com/ | access-date =2009-05-14 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20070929131957/http://www.artofthehills.com/ | archive-date =2007-09-29 | url-status =dead }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
* [https://www.hillcitysd.com/ Hill City's Website]
* [http://www.hillcitysd.com/ Hill City Chamber of Commerce]

{{Pennington County, South Dakota}}
{{Black Hills, South Dakota}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cities in South Dakota]]
[[Category:Cities in Pennington County, South Dakota]]
[[Category:Rapid City, South Dakota metropolitan area]]
[[Category:Black Hills]]