Editing High Noon

{{short description|1952 American Western film by Fred Zinnemann}}
{{about|the 1952 film|the time|Noon#Solar noon{{!}}Solar noon|other uses}}
{{Use American English|date=August 2021}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name           = High Noon
| image          = High Noon (1952 poster).jpg
| caption        = Theatrical release poster
| director       = [[Fred Zinnemann]]
| producer       = [[Stanley Kramer]] (uncredited)
| screenplay     = [[Carl Foreman]]
| based_on       = {{Based on|"The Tin Star"<br>1947 short story in ''[[Collier's]]''|[[John W. Cunningham]]}}
| starring       = {{Plainlist|
* [[Gary Cooper]]
* [[Thomas Mitchell (actor)|Thomas Mitchell]]
* [[Lloyd Bridges]]
* [[Katy Jurado]]
* [[Grace Kelly]]
* [[Otto Kruger]]
* [[Lon Chaney Jr.|Lon Chaney]]<!-- Credited as "Lon Chaney" -->
* [[Harry Morgan|Henry Morgan]]<!-- Credited as "Henry Morgan" -->
}}
| music          = [[Dimitri Tiomkin]]
| cinematography = [[Floyd Crosby]]
| editing        = [[Elmo Williams]]<br/>[[Harry W. Gerstad]]
| studio         = Stanley Kramer Productions
| distributor    = [[United Artists]]
| released       = {{Film date|1952|7|24}}
| runtime        = 85 minutes
| country        = United States
| language       = English
| budget         = $730,000<ref>{{cite news|author=Champlin, C.|date=October 10, 1966|title=Foreman hopes to reverse runaway|work=Los Angeles Times|id={{ProQuest|155553672}}}}</ref>
| gross          = $12 million<ref>Tino Balio, ''United Artists: The Company That Changed the Film Industry'', University of Wisconsin Press, 1987, p. 47.</ref>
}}

'''''High Noon''''' is a 1952 American [[Western (genre)|Western]] film produced by [[Stanley Kramer]] from a screenplay by [[Carl Foreman]], directed by [[Fred Zinnemann]], and starring [[Gary Cooper]].  The plot, which occurs in [[Real time (media)|real time]], centers on a town [[marshal]] whose sense of duty is tested when he must decide to either face a gang of killers alone, or leave town with his new wife.

Though mired in controversy at the time of its release due to its political themes, the film was nominated for seven [[Academy Awards]] and won four (Actor, Editing, Score and Song)<ref name="oscars">{{cite web|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1953|title=The 25th Academy Awards – 1953|website=oscars.org|date=October 4, 2014 |access-date=July 3, 2020}}</ref> as well as four [[Golden Globe Award]]s (Actor, Supporting Actress, Score, and Black and White Cinematography).<ref name="globes">[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0044706/awards IMDB List] of nominations and awards for [[Stanley Kramer]]'s ''High Noon''.</ref> The award-winning score was written by Ukraine-born composer [[Dimitri Tiomkin]].

''High Noon'' was selected by the [[Library of Congress]] as one of the first 25 films for preservation in the United States [[National Film Registry]] for being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant" in 1989.<ref>{{cite news|date=September 19, 1989|title=ENTERTAINMENT: Film Registry Picks First 25 Movies|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-09-19-mn-347-story.html|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=April 22, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Complete National Film Registry Listing |url=https://www.loc.gov/programs/national-film-preservation-board/film-registry/complete-national-film-registry-listing/|access-date=October 30, 2020|website=Library of Congress}}</ref> An iconic film whose story has been partly or completely repeated in later film productions, its ending in particular has inspired numerous later films, including but not just limited to westerns.

==Plot==
In Hadleyville, a small town in [[New Mexico Territory]], [[Marshal#State and local marshals|Marshal]] [[Will Kane]], newly married to Amy Fowler, prepares to retire. The happy couple will soon depart to raise a family and run a store in another town. However, word arrives that Frank Miller, a vicious outlaw whom Kane sent to prison, has been released and will arrive by the [[noon]] train, one day ahead of the new marshal. Miller's gang—his younger brother Ben, Jack Colby, and Jim Pierce—wait at the station.

[[File:High Noon1.JPG|thumb|left|Will Kane and Amy argue in the marshal's office]]

For Amy, a devout [[Quaker]] and [[pacifist]], the solution is simple—leave town before Miller arrives—but Kane's sense of duty and honor make him stay. Besides, he says, Miller and his gang would hunt him down anyway. Amy gives Kane an ultimatum: she is leaving on the noon train, with or without him.

Kane visits old friends and allies, but none can or will help. Judge Percy Mettrick, who sentenced Miller, flees and urges Kane to do the same. Harvey Pell, Kane's young deputy, is bitter that Kane did not recommend him as his successor; he says he will stand with Kane only if Kane "puts the word in" for him with the city fathers. When Kane refuses, Pell turns in his badge and pistol. Kane's efforts to round up a posse at Ramírez's Saloon and the church are met with fear and hostility. Some townspeople, worried that a gunfight would damage the town's reputation, urge Kane to avoid the confrontation. Some are Miller's friends, but others resent that Kane cleaned up the town in the first place. Others believe that Kane's fight is not the town's responsibility. Sam Fuller hides in his house, forcing his wife Mildred to tell Kane he is not home. Jimmy offers to help, but he is blind in one eye, sweating, and unsteady. The mayor encourages Kane to leave town. Martin Howe, Kane's predecessor, is too old and arthritic. Herb Baker agrees to be deputized, but backs out when he realizes he is the only volunteer. One last offer of help comes from 14-year-old Johnny. Kane admires his courage, but refuses his aid.
[[File:High Noon (1952) - Trailer.webm|thumb|The film's trailer]]
While waiting at the hotel for the train, Amy confronts Helen Ramírez, who was once Miller's lover, then Kane's, then Pell's. Amy believes the reason Kane refuses to leave town is because he wants to protect Helen, but Helen reveals there is no lingering attachment on Kane's part and she, too, is leaving. When Helen questions why Amy will not stay with Kane, Amy explains that both her brother and father were gunned down by criminals, a tragedy that converted her to Quakerism. Helen nonetheless chides Amy for not standing by her husband in his hour of need, saying that if she was in Amy's place, she would take up a gun and fight alongside Kane.

Pell saddles a horse and tries to persuade Kane to take it. They end up in a fist fight. After knocking Pell senseless, Kane returns to his office to write out his will. As the clock ticks toward noon, Kane goes into the street to face Miller and his gang. Amy and Helen ride by on a wagon, bound for the train. The train arrives, and Miller steps off as the two ladies board.

Kane walks down the deserted main street alone. He manages to kill Frank Miller's brother, Ben, in the opening salvo. Just before the train departs, Amy hears the gunfire and runs back to town. Kane takes refuge in a stable, and Colby is killed when he comes in after him. Miller sets fire to the stable to flush him out. Kane frees the horses and tries to escape on one, only to be shot off and cornered. Despite her religious beliefs, Amy picks up Pell's pistol and shoots Pierce from behind, leaving only Frank Miller, who grabs Amy as a human shield to force Kane into the open. When Amy claws Miller's face, he pushes her to the ground and Kane shoots him dead.

The couple embrace. As the townspeople emerge, Kane smiles at Johnny, but looks angrily at the rest of the crowd. He drops his marshal's star to the street and departs with Amy.

==Cast==
[[File:Gary Cooper in High Noon 1952.JPG|thumb|Gary Cooper as Marshal Will Kane]]
[[File:GraceKellyHighNoonTrailerScreenshot1952.jpg|thumb|Grace Kelly as Amy Fowler Kane]]
[[File:Katy Jurado in High Noon.png|thumb|upright|Katy Jurado as Helen Ramírez]]

===Main cast===
<!-- Cast and order per opening tombstone credits -->
{{cast listing|
* [[Gary Cooper]] as Marshal [[Will Kane]]
* [[Thomas Mitchell (actor)|Thomas Mitchell]] as Mayor Jonas Henderson
* [[Lloyd Bridges]] as Deputy Marshal Harvey Pell
* [[Katy Jurado]] as Helen Ramírez
* [[Grace Kelly]] as Amy Fowler Kane
* [[Otto Kruger]] as Judge Percy Mettrick
* [[Lon Chaney Jr.]] as Martin Howe, the former marshal
* [[Harry Morgan]] as Sam Fuller
* [[Ian MacDonald (actor)|Ian MacDonald]] as Frank Miller
* [[Eve McVeagh]] as Mildred Fuller
* [[Morgan Farley]] as Dr. Mahin, minister
* [[Harry Shannon (actor)|Harry Shannon]] as Cooper
* [[Lee Van Cleef]] as Jack Colby
* [[Robert J. Wilke]] as Jim Pierce
* [[Sheb Wooley]] as Ben Miller
}}

=== Uncredited ===
{{cast listing|
* [[James Millican]] as Herb Baker
* [[Howland Chamberlain]] as the hotel desk clerk
* [[Tom London]] as Sam, Helen's attendant
* [[Cliff Clark]] as Ed Weaver, Helen's saloon tenant
* [[William Newell (actor)|William Newell]] as Jimmy the Gimp
* [[Larry J. Blake]] as Gillis the saloon owner
* [[Lucien Prival]] as Joe the Bartender
* [[Jack Elam]] as Charlie, the town drunk
* [[John Doucette]] as Trumbull
* [[Tom Greenway (actor)|Tom Greenway]] as Ezra
* [[Dick Elliott]] as Kibbee
* [[Merrill McCormick]] as Fletcher
* [[Virginia Christine]] as Mrs. Simpson
* [[Harry Harvey (actor)|Harry Harvey]] as Coy
* [[Paul Dubov]] as Scott
* Ralph Reed as Johnny
}}

==Production==
According to ''Darkness at High Noon: The Carl Foreman Documents''— a 2002 documentary based in part on a lengthy 1952 letter from screenwriter [[Carl Foreman]] to film critic [[Bosley Crowther]]— Foreman's role in the creation and production of ''High Noon'' has been unfairly downplayed over the years in favor of producer Stanley Kramer's. Foreman told Crowther that the film originated from a four-page plot outline he wrote that turned out to be very similar to "The Tin Star", a 1947 short story by [[John W. Cunningham]] about an aging sheriff taking on a dangerous murderer.

Foreman purchased the film rights to Cunningham's story and wrote the screenplay. By the time the documentary aired, most of the principals were dead, including Kramer, Foreman, Zinnemann, and Cooper. [[Victor Navasky]], author of ''Naming Names'', an authoritative account of the Hollywood blacklist, told a reporter that, based on his interviews with Kramer's widow and others, the documentary seemed "one-sided, and the problem is it makes a villain out of Stanley Kramer, when it was more complicated than that".<ref name="nytimes">{{cite web|title='High Noon,' High Dudgeon|author=Weinraub, Bernard|work=The New York Times|date=April 18, 2002|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/04/18/movies/high-noon-high-dudgeon.html}}</ref>

Years later, director [[Richard Fleischer]] claimed that he helped Foreman develop the story of ''High Noon'' over the course of eight weeks while driving to and from the set of the 1949 film ''[[The Clay Pigeon]]'', which they were making together. Fleischer said that his RKO contract prevented him from directing ''High Noon''.<ref name="richard">{{cite book |last=Fleischer |first=Richard |author-link=Richard Fleischer |title=Just Tell Me When to Cry: A Memoir |publisher=Carroll and Graf |year=1993 |pages=35–36}}</ref>

There is a description of an incident very similar to the central plotline of ''High Noon'' in Chapter XXXV of ''[[The Virginian (novel)|The Virginian]]'', by [[Owen Wister]], in which Trampas (a [[villain]]) calls out The Virginian, who has a new bride waiting whom he might lose if he engages in a gunfight. ''High Noon'' has even been described as a "straight [[remake]]" of the [[The Virginian (1929 film)|1929 film version of ''The Virginian'']], which also featured Gary Cooper in a starring role.<ref name="WayneAmerica">{{cite book|last1=Wills|first1=Garry|title=John Wayne's America|date=1998|publisher=Simon & Schuster|location=New York|isbn=9780684838830|page=274|edition=1st Touchstone |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wc_KHo_MWc0C&pg=PA274|access-date=February 15, 2016}}</ref>

===House Un-American Activities Committee controversy===
The production and release of ''High Noon'' intersected with the [[Red Scare#Second Red Scare (1947–1957)|Second Red Scare]] in the United States and the [[Korean War]]. In 1951, during production of the film, screenwriter [[Carl Foreman]] was summoned before the [[House Un-American Activities Committee]] (HUAC) during its investigation of "Communist propaganda and influence" in the [[Film industry|motion picture industry]]. Foreman had once been a member of the [[Communist Party USA|Communist Party]], but he declined to identify fellow members or anyone he suspected of current membership. As a result, he was labeled an "uncooperative witness" by the committee, making him vulnerable to [[Hollywood blacklist|blacklisting by the movie industry]].<ref name="Byman">{{cite book |last=Byman |first=Jeremy |title=Showdown at High Noon: Witch-hunts, Critics, and the End of the Western |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WIp2PfC1Mm4C |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130528111752/http://books.google.com/books?id=WIp2PfC1Mm4C |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 28, 2013 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |year=2004 |isbn=0-8108-4998-4 }}</ref>

After his refusal to name names was made public, Foreman's production partner [[Stanley Kramer]] demanded an immediate dissolution of their partnership. As a signatory to the production loan, Foreman remained with the ''High Noon'' project, but before the film's release, he sold his partnership share to Kramer and moved to Britain, knowing that he would not find further work in the United States.<ref name="Byman" />

Kramer later asserted that he had ended their partnership because Foreman had threatened to falsely name him to HUAC as a Communist. Foreman said that Kramer feared damage to his own career due to "guilt by association". Foreman was indeed blacklisted by the Hollywood studios due to the "uncooperative witness" label along with pressure from [[Columbia Pictures]] president [[Harry Cohn]], [[Motion Picture Alliance for the Preservation of American Ideals|MPA]] president [[John Wayne]], and ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' [[gossip columnist]] [[Hedda Hopper]].<ref name="Byman" />

===Casting===
[[File:Kelly-Cooper-Jurado.jpg|thumb|left|Gary Cooper holding Grace Kelly as Katy Jurado stares at them (promotional photo)]]
[[John Wayne]] was originally offered the lead role in the film, but refused it because he believed that Foreman's story was an obvious allegory against [[Hollywood blacklist|blacklisting]], which he actively supported. Later, he told an interviewer that he would "never regret having helped run Foreman out of the country".<ref>[https://pages.shanti.virginia.edu/Wild_Wild_Cold_War/files/2011/11/John_Wayne_Playboy_Int2.pdf John Wayne: ''Playboy'' Interview / MAY 1971] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130823143806/http://pages.shanti.virginia.edu/Wild_Wild_Cold_War/files/2011/11/John_Wayne_Playboy_Int2.pdf |date=August 23, 2013}}. Retrieved May 11, 2015.</ref> Gary Cooper was Wayne's longtime friend and shared his conservative political views; Cooper had been a "friendly witness" before [[HUAC]] but did not implicate anyone as a suspected Communist, and he later became a vigorous opponent of blacklisting.<ref>Meyer, Jeffrey, ''Gary Cooper: American Hero'' (1998), p. 144.</ref> Cooper won an [[Academy Award]] for his performance, and since he was working in Europe at the time, he asked Wayne to accept the Oscar on his behalf. Although Wayne's contempt for the film and refusal of its lead role were well known, he said, "I'm glad to see they're giving this to a man who is not only most deserving, but has conducted himself throughout the years in our business in a manner that we can all be proud of ... Now that I'm through being such a good sport ... I'm going back to find my business manager and agent ... and find out why I didn't get ''High Noon'' instead of Cooper ..."<ref name="TCM">[https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/24083/high-noon#articles-reviews ''High Noon''], retrieved October 13, 2022.</ref>

After Wayne refused the Will Kane role, Kramer offered it to [[Gregory Peck]], who declined because he felt it was too similar to his role in ''[[The Gunfighter]]'', the year before.  Peck later said he considered it the biggest mistake of his career.<ref>[http://www.destinationhollywood.com/celebrities/gregorypeck/funfeatures_content.shtml Gregory Peck], retrieved September 6, 2016.</ref> [[Marlon Brando]], [[Montgomery Clift]], and [[Charlton Heston]] also declined the role.<ref name="TCM"/>

Kramer saw [[Grace Kelly]] in an off-Broadway play and cast her as Kane's bride, despite Cooper and Kelly's substantial age disparity (50 and 21, respectively).  Rumors of an affair between Cooper and Kelly during filming remain unsubstantiated.  Kelly biographer Donald Spoto wrote that there was no evidence of a romance, aside from tabloid gossip.<ref>Spoto, D. ''High Society: The Life of Grace Kelly''. Crown Archetype (2009), pp. 67–9. {{ISBN|0307395618}}</ref> Biographer Gina McKinnon speculated that "there might well have been a roll or two in the hay bales", but cited no evidence, other than a remark by Kelly's sister Lizanne that Kelly was "infatuated" with Cooper.<ref>McKinnon, G. ''What Would Grace Do?: How to Live Life in Style Like the Princess of Hollywood''. Gotham (2013), p. 145. {{ISBN|1592408281}}</ref>

[[Lee Van Cleef]] made his film debut in ''High Noon''.  Kramer first offered Van Cleef the Harvey Pell role, after seeing him in a touring production of ''[[Mister Roberts (play)|Mister Roberts]]'', on the condition that Van Cleef have his nose surgically altered to appear less menacing. Van Cleef refused and was cast instead as Colby, the only role of his career without a single line of dialog.<ref>[http://www.westernclippings.com/heavies/leevancleef_charactersheavies.shtml Lee Van Cleef], retrieved September 6, 2016.</ref>

===Filming===
''High Noon'' was filmed in the late summer/early fall of 1951 in several locations in California. The opening scenes, under the [[Film credits|credits]], were shot at [[Iverson Movie Ranch]] near Los Angeles.  A few town scenes were shot in [[Columbia State Historic Park]], a preserved [[Gold Rush of 1849|Gold Rush]] mining town near [[Sonora, California|Sonora]], but most of the street scenes were filmed on the [[Columbia Pictures|Columbia]] Movie Ranch in [[Burbank, California|Burbank]].  St. Joseph's Church in [[Tuolumne City, California|Tuolumne City]] was used for exterior shots of the Hadleyville church.  The railroad was the old [[Sierra Railroad]] in [[Jamestown, California|Jamestown]], a few miles south of Columbia, now known as [[Railtown 1897 State Historic Park]], and often nicknamed "the movie railroad" due to its frequent use in films and television shows. The railroad station was built for the film alongside a water tower at Warnerville, about 15 miles to the southwest.<ref>
*{{cite web |url=http://www.movie-locations.com/movies/h/highnoon.html |title=Film locations for High Noon |website=www.movie-locations.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080620210003/http://www.movie-locations.com/movies/h/highnoon.html |archive-date=June 20, 2008}}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.movie-locations.com//movies/h/High-Noon.php |website=Movie-Locations.com|title=High Noon}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last =Jensen | first =Larry | authorlink = | title =Hollywood's Railroads: Sierra Railroad | publisher =Cochetopa Press | series = | volume = Two| edition = | date =2018 | location =Sequim, Washington | pages =30 | language = | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=c-RNswEACAAJ&q=Hollywood%27s+Railroads | doi = | id = | isbn =9780692064726 | mr = | zbl = | jfm = }}</ref>

Cooper was reluctant to film the fight scene with Bridges due to ongoing problems with his back, but eventually did so without the use of a stunt double.  He wore no makeup to emphasize his character's anguish and fear, which was probably intensified by pain from recent surgery to remove a bleeding [[Gastric ulcer|ulcer]].<ref>Hyams, J. ''The Life and Times of the Western Movie.'' Gallery Books (1984), pp. 113–5.</ref>

The running time of the story almost precisely [[real time (media)|parallels]] the running time of the film—an effect heightened by frequent shots of clocks to remind the characters (and the audience) that the villain will be arriving on the noon train.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.criterion.com/current/posts/830-high-noon |title=High Noon|author=Howard Suber|date=December 15, 1986|publisher=[[The Criterion Collection]]}}</ref>

===Music===
The movie's theme song, "[[The Ballad of High Noon|High Noon]]" (as it is credited in the film), also known by its opening lyric, "Do Not Forsake Me, Oh My Darling", became a major hit on the [[Country music|country-and-western]] charts for [[Tex Ritter]], and later, a pop hit for [[Frankie Laine]] as well.<ref name="TCM"/>  Its popularity set a precedent for theme songs that were featured in many subsequent Western films.<ref>[http://www.destinationhollywood.com/movies/highnoon/funfeatures_content.shtml ''High Noon''], retrieved September 6, 2016.</ref> Composer [[Dimitri Tiomkin]]'s score and song, with lyrics by [[Ned Washington]], became popular for years afterwards and Tiomkin became in demand for future westerns in the 1950s like ''[[Gunfight at the O.K. Corral (film)|Gunfight at the O.K. Corral]]'' and ''[[Last Train from Gun Hill]].''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.americanmusicpreservation.com/HighNoon.htm|title=Film In Focus – HIGH NOON and Dimitri Tiomkin's film score|website=americanmusicpreservation.com|access-date=May 8, 2018|archive-date=August 19, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819021833/http://www.americanmusicpreservation.com/HighNoon.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> The song, along with its various instrumental arrangements, is heard 36 times throughout the film, functioning as a recurring musical motif.

==Reception==
The film earned $3.75 million in theatrical rentals at the North American box office in 1952.<ref name=MeyersBook>{{cite book|first= Jeffrey|last= Meyers|title= Gary Cooper: American Hero|date=1998|publisher= HarperCollins|isbn=0-688-15494-8|quote= High Noon grossed $3.75 million in America and eventually earned $18 million worldwide, and Cooper was said to have earned $600,000 from this film.}}</ref>

Upon its release, critics and audiences expecting chases, fights, spectacular scenery, and other common [[Western (genre)|Western]] film elements were dismayed to find them largely replaced by emotional and moralistic dialogue until the climactic final scenes.<ref>''The Making of High Noon'', hosted by [[Leonard Maltin]], 1992. Available on the Region 1 DVD from [[Artisan Entertainment]].</ref> Some critics scoffed at the unorthodox rescue of the hero by the heroine.<ref name="DiMare2011">{{cite book|last=DiMare|first=Philip C.|title=Movies in American History: An Encyclopedia: An Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0qUJ-JuSPdQC&pg=PA411|access-date=June 3, 2013|date=June 17, 2011|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-59884-297-5|page=411}}</ref><ref name="Bishop2006">{{cite book|last=Bishop|first=David|title=The Wheel of Ideals|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OEU3nx-h9tcC&pg=PA289|access-date=June 3, 2013|date=August 1, 2006|publisher=Lulu.com|isbn=978-1-84728-535-5|page=289}}{{self-published source|date=February 2020}}</ref>{{self-published inline|date=February 2020}} David Bishop argued that had Quaker Amy ''not'' helped her husband by shooting a man in the back, such inaction would have pulled pacifism "toward apollonian decadence".<ref name="Bishop2006"/> [[Alfred Hitchcock]] thought Kelly's performance was "rather mousy" and lacking in animation; only in later films, he said, did she show her true star quality.<ref name="Mcclure2012">{{cite book|last=Mcclure|first=Hal Hays|title=Adventuring: My Life As a Pilot, Foreign Correspondent and Travel Adventure Filmmaker|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QCjiD1gtW1EC&pg=PA91|access-date=June 3, 2013|date=July 30, 2012|publisher=AuthorHouse|isbn=978-1-4685-9812-4|page=91}}{{self-published source|date=February 2020}}</ref>{{self-published inline|date=February 2020}}<ref name="Fawell2004">{{cite book|last=Fawell|first=John|title=Hitchcock's Rear Window: The Well-made Film|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=spGXHQUHmLUC&pg=PA142|access-date=June 3, 2013|year=2004|publisher=SIU Press|isbn=978-0-8093-8970-4|page=142}}</ref>

''High Noon'' has been cited as a favorite by several [[President of the United States|U.S. presidents]].  [[Dwight D. Eisenhower|Dwight Eisenhower]] screened the film at the [[White House]],<ref name="Byman"/> and [[Bill Clinton]] hosted a record 17 White House screenings of it.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gotterdammerung.org/film/reviews/h/high-noon.html |title=''High Noon'' (1952)|website=gotterdammerung.org|access-date=May 8, 2018}}</ref> "It's no accident that politicians see themselves as Gary Cooper in ''High Noon''," Clinton said.  "Not just politicians, but anyone who's forced to go against the popular will. Any time you're alone and you feel you're not getting the support you need, Cooper's Will Kane becomes the perfect metaphor."<ref>Interview with Bill Clinton on ''High Noon'' Collector's Edition DVD (Lionsgate, 2008), ASIN B0016MLIKM.</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Clinton |first=Bill |title=My Life |publisher=Knopf |date=June 22, 2004 |page=21}}</ref>  [[Ronald Reagan]] cited ''High Noon'' as his favorite film, due to the protagonist's strong commitment to duty and the law.<ref name=Mulholland>Mulholland, J. ''Inside High Noon''. DVD documentary.</ref>

By contrast, John Wayne told an interviewer that he considered ''High Noon'' "the most un-American thing I've ever seen in my whole life,"<ref>[https://pages.shanti.virginia.edu/Wild_Wild_Cold_War/files/2011/11/John_Wayne_Playboy_Int2.pdf John Wayne: Playboy Interview / MAY 1971] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130823143806/http://pages.shanti.virginia.edu/Wild_Wild_Cold_War/files/2011/11/John_Wayne_Playboy_Int2.pdf |date=August 23, 2013 }}. Retrieved May 11, 2015.</ref> and later teamed with director [[Howard Hawks]] to make ''[[Rio Bravo (1959 film)|Rio Bravo]]'' in response. "I made ''Rio Bravo'' because I didn't like ''High Noon''," Hawks explained. "Neither did Duke [Wayne]. I didn't think a good town marshal was going to run around town like a chicken with his head cut off asking everyone to help. And who saves him? His Quaker wife. That isn't my idea of a good Western."<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lVJL6w1T3ocC&q=Howard+Hawks+%22I+didn%27t+like+High+Noon%22&pg=PT148|title=John Wayne: The Man Behind the Myth |publisher=Penguin|isbn=0-451-21414-5|year=2005 |page=148 |author=Michael Munn}}</ref>

Zinnemann responded, "I admire Hawks very much. I only wish he'd leave my films alone!"<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SiK_3d6a7DQC&pg=PA44|title=Fred Zinnemann: Interviews|first=Fred|last=Zinnemann|date=May 8, 2018|publisher=Univ. Press of Mississippi|access-date=May 8, 2018|via=Google Books|isbn=9781578066988}}</ref> In a 1973 interview, Zinnemann added, "I'm rather surprised at Hawks' and Wayne's thinking. Sheriffs are people and no two people are alike. The story of ''High Noon'' takes place in the Old West but it is really a story about a man's conflict of conscience. In this sense it is a cousin to ''[[A Man for All Seasons (1966 film)|A Man for All Seasons]]''. In any event, respect for the Western hero has not been diminished by ''High Noon''."<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SiK_3d6a7DQC&pg=PA44 |title=Fred Zinnemann: Interviews |editor=Gabriel Miller|publisher=[[University Press of Mississippi]] |isbn=1-57806-698-0 |year=2005 |page=44}}</ref>

{{Rotten Tomatoes prose|95|8.8|91|consensus=A classic of the Western genre that broke with many of the traditions at the time, ''High Noon'' endures -- in no small part thanks to Gary Cooper's defiant, Oscar-winning performance.|ref=yes|access-date=February 7, 2025}} {{Metacritic film prose|89|7|access-date=February 7, 2025}}<ref>{{Cite Metacritic |title=High Noon |id=high-noon-re-release |type=movie |access-date=February 7, 2025}}</ref>

The film was criticized in the Soviet Union as "glorification of the individual".<ref name="Byman" />

===Accolades===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|-
! Award
! Category
! Nominee(s)
! Result
! Ref.
|-
| rowspan="7"| [[25th Academy Awards|Academy Awards]]
| [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Motion Picture]]
| [[Stanley Kramer]]
| {{nom}}
| align="center" rowspan="7"| <ref name="Oscars1953">{{cite web |url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1953 |title=The 25th Academy Awards (1953) Nominees and Winners |access-date=August 20, 2011 |publisher=[[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706093830/http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/25th-winners.html |archive-date=July 6, 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| [[Academy Award for Best Director|Best Director]]
| [[Fred Zinnemann]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Academy Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]
| [[Gary Cooper]]
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay|Best Screenplay]]
| [[Carl Foreman]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Academy Award for Best Film Editing|Best Film Editing]]
| [[Elmo Williams]] and [[Harry W. Gerstad]]<ref>Elmo Williams has said that Gerstad's editing was nominal and he apparently protested Gerstad's inclusion on the Academy Award at the time. See Williams, Elmo (2006), ''Elmo Williams: A Hollywood Memoir'' (McFarland), p. 86. {{ISBN|0-7864-2621-7}}.</ref>
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Academy Award for Best Original Score|Best Scoring of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture]]
| [[Dimitri Tiomkin]]
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Academy Award for Best Original Song|Best Song]]
| "[[The Ballad of High Noon]]" <br> Music by Dimitri Tiomkin; <br> Lyrics by [[Ned Washington]]
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Bodil Awards]]
| [[Bodil Award for Best American Film|Best American Film]]
| Fred Zinnemann
| {{won}}
| align="center"| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bodilprisen.dk/aar-for-aar/1953-2/ |title=The Bodil Prize 1953 |publisher=[[Bodil Awards]] |access-date=December 15, 2024}}</ref>
|-
| [[Premios CEC|Cinema Writers Circle Awards]]
| colspan="2"| Best Foreign Film
| {{won}}
| align="center"| 
|-
| [[5th Directors Guild of America Awards|Directors Guild of America Awards]]
| [[Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directing – Feature Film|Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures]]
| Fred Zinnemann
| {{nom}}
| align="center"| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dga.org/Awards/History/1950s/1952.aspx?value=1952 |title=5th Annual DGA Awards |publisher=[[Directors Guild of America Awards]] |access-date=December 15, 2024}}</ref>
|-
| [[DVD Exclusive Awards]]
| colspan="2"| Best Audio Commentary, Library Release
| {{nom}}
| align="center"| 
|-
| rowspan="7"| [[10th Golden Globe Awards|Golden Globe Awards]]
| colspan="2"| [[Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Drama|Best Motion Picture – Drama]]
| {{nom}}
| align="center" rowspan="7"| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.goldenglobes.com/film/high-noon/ |title=High Noon |publisher=[[Golden Globe Awards]] |access-date=December 15, 2024}}</ref>
|-
| [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Motion Picture – Drama|Best Actor in a Motion Picture – Drama]]
| Gary Cooper
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture|Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture]]
| rowspan="2"| [[Katy Jurado]]
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Golden Globe Award for New Star of the Year – Actress|Most Promising Newcomer – Female]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Golden Globe Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay – Motion Picture]]
| Carl Foreman
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Score – Motion Picture]]
| Dimitri Tiomkin
| {{won}}
|-
| Best Cinematography – Black and White
| [[Floyd Crosby]]<ref>[http://www.cinematographers.nl/GreatDoPh/crosby.htm Great Cinematographers] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130831201651/http://www.cinematographers.nl/GreatDoPh/crosby.htm |date=August 31, 2013}}, retrieved September 6, 2016.</ref>
| {{won}}
|-
| [[National Board of Review Awards 1952|National Board of Review Awards]]
| colspan="2"| [[National Board of Review: Top Ten Films|Top Ten Films]]
| {{draw|2nd Place}}
| align="center"| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://nationalboardofreview.org/award-years/1952/ |title=1952 Award Winners |publisher=[[National Board of Review]] |access-date=December 15, 2024}}</ref>
|-
| [[National Film Preservation Board]]
| colspan="2"| [[National Film Registry]]
| {{won|Inducted}}
| align="center"| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.loc.gov/programs/national-film-preservation-board/film-registry/complete-national-film-registry-listing/ |title=Complete National Film Registry Listing |publisher=[[Library of Congress]] |access-date=December 16, 2015}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2"| [[1952 New York Film Critics Circle Awards|New York Film Critics Circle Awards]]
| colspan="2"| [[New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Film|Best Film]]
| {{won}}
| align="center" rowspan="2"| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nyfcc.com/awards/?awardyear=1952 |title=1952 New York Film Critics Circle Awards |publisher=[[New York Film Critics Circle]] |access-date=December 15, 2024}}</ref>
|-
| [[New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Director|Best Director]]
| Fred Zinnemann
| {{won}}
|-
| Online Film & Television Association Awards
| colspan="2"| Film Hall of Fame: Productions
| {{won|Inducted}}
| align="center"| <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oftaawards.com/film-hall-of-fame/film-hall-of-fame-productions/ |title=Film Hall of Fame Inductees: Productions |publisher=Online Film & Television Association |access-date=December 15, 2024}}</ref>
|-
| [[Photoplay#The Photoplay Magazine Medal of Honor|Photoplay Awards]]
| Most Popular Male Star
| Gary Cooper
| {{won}}
| align="center"| 
|-
| rowspan="2"| [[13th Satellite Awards|Satellite Awards]]
| colspan="2"| [[Satellite Award for Best Classic DVD|Best Classic DVD]]
| {{nom}}
| align="center" rowspan="2"| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pressacademy.com/award_cat/2008/ |title=2008 Satellite Awards |publisher=[[International Press Academy]] |access-date=December 15, 2024}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="2"| [[Satellite Award for Best DVD Extras|Best DVD Extras]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[5th Writers Guild of America Awards|Writers Guild of America Awards]]
| [[Writers Guild of America Award for Best Written Drama|Best Written American Drama]]
| Carl Foreman
| {{won}}
| align="center"| <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wga.org/awards/awardssub.aspx?id=1551 |title=Awards Winners |publisher=[[Writers Guild of America Awards]] |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121205095022/http://www.wga.org/awards/awardssub.aspx?id=1551 |archive-date=December 5, 2012 |access-date=June 6, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' ranked Will Kane on their list of ''The 20 All Time Coolest Heroes in Pop Culture''.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://ew.com/gallery/20-all-time-coolest-heroes-pop-culture/ |title=''Entertainment Weekly's'' 20 All Time Coolest Heroes in Pop Culture|magazine=Entertainment Weekly|access-date=October 13, 2022}}</ref>

The February 2020 issue of ''[[New York Magazine]]'' lists ''High Noon'' as among "The Best Movies That Lost Best Picture at the Oscars."<ref>{{cite news|title=The Best Movies That Lost Best Picture at the Oscars|url=https://www.vulture.com/article/best-oscar-best-picture-losers.html|magazine=[[New York Magazine]]|access-date=March 17, 2025}}</ref>

====[[American Film Institute]] recognition====
* 1998 [[AFI's 100 Years ... 100 Movies]] #33
* 2001 [[AFI's 100 Years ... 100 Thrills]] #20
* 2003 [[AFI's 100 Years ... 100 Heroes and Villains]]:
** [[Will Kane]], Hero #5
* 2004 [[AFI's 100 Years ... 100 Songs]]:
** "[[High Noon (Do Not Forsake Me, Oh My Darlin')]]" #25
* 2005 [[AFI's 100 Years of Film Scores]] #10
* 2006 [[AFI's 100 Years ... 100 Cheers]] #27
* 2007 [[AFI's 100 Years ... 100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)]] #27
* 2008 [[AFI's 10 Top 10]] #2 [[Western (genre)|Western]] film

==Legacy and cultural influence==
[[File:W samo poludnie 4 6 89-Tomasz Sarnecki.jpg|thumb|"At High Noon, June 4, 1989". Polish political poster featuring [[Gary Cooper]] to encourage votes for the [[Solidarity (Polish trade union)|Solidarity]] party in the [[Contract Sejm|1989 elections]].]]

''High Noon'' is considered an early example of the [[revisionist Western]]. [[Kim Newman]] calls it the "most influential Western of the 1950s (because) its attitudes subtly changed the societal vision of the whole (Western) genre".{{sfn|Newman|1990|p=148}} The traditional format of the Western is of a strong male character leading the civilized against the uncivilized but in this film, the civilized people fail (in a way described by John Wayne as "un-American") to support their town marshal. Newman draws the contrast between the "eerily neat and civilised" town of Hadleyville and the "gutlessness, self-interest and lack of backbone exhibited by its inhabitants" who will allow the town to "slip back into the savage past" from which Kane and his deputies once saved it.{{sfn|Newman|1990|pp=146–147}}

In his article, ''The Women of "High Noon": A Revisionist View'', Don Graham argues that in addition to the man-alone theme, ''High Noon'' "represents a notable advance in the portrayal of women in Westerns".{{sfn|Graham|1980|p=244}} Compared with the "hackneyed presentation" of stereotypical women characters in earlier Westerns, ''High Noon'' grants the characters of Amy and Helen an expanded presence, the two being counterpoints.{{sfn|Graham|1980|p=245}} While Helen is socially inferior, she holds considerable economic power in the community.{{sfn|Graham|1980|p=246}} Helen's encounter with Amy is key because she tells Amy that she would never leave Kane if he were her man – she would get a gun and fight, thus predicting Amy's actions.{{sfn|Graham|1980|p=247}} For most of the film, Amy is the "Eastern-virgin archetype" but her reaction to the first gunshot "transcends the limitations of her genre role" as she returns to town and kills Pierce.{{sfn|Graham|1980|pp=247–248}}

The gang's actions indicate the implicit but very real threat they pose to women, as is suggested by the Mexican woman crossing herself when the first three ride into town. Graham summarizes the many references to women as a community demoralized by the failure of its male members, other than Kane.{{sfn|Graham|1980|pp=249–250}} The women, he asserts, equal Kane in strength of character to the extent that they are "protofeminists".{{sfn|Graham|1980|p=250}}

In 1989, 22-year-old Polish graphic designer Tomasz Sarnecki transformed Marian Stachurski's 1959 Polish variant of the ''High Noon'' poster into a [[Solidarity (Polish trade union)|Solidarity]] election poster for the [[Contract Sejm|first partially free elections]] in [[Polish People's Republic|communist Poland]]. The poster, which was displayed all over Poland, shows Cooper armed with a folded ballot saying "Wybory" (i.e., elections) in his right hand while the [[Solidarity logo]] is pinned to his vest above the sheriff's badge. The message at the bottom of the poster reads: "W samo południe: 4 czerwca 1989", which translates to "High Noon: 4 June 1989."

As former Solidarity leader [[Lech Wałęsa]] wrote, in 2004,

{{blockquote|Under the headline "At High Noon" runs the red Solidarity banner and the date—June 4, 1989—of the poll. It was a simple but effective gimmick that, at the time, was misunderstood by the Communists. They, in fact, tried to ridicule the freedom movement in Poland as an invention of the "Wild" West, especially the U.S. But the poster had the opposite impact: Cowboys in Western clothes had become a powerful symbol for Poles. Cowboys fight for justice, fight against evil, and fight for freedom, both physical and spiritual. Solidarity trounced the Communists in that election, paving the way for a democratic government in Poland. It is always so touching when people bring this poster up to me to autograph it. They have cherished it for so many years and it has become the emblem of the battle that we all fought together.<ref>Lech Wałęsa, [https://web.archive.org/web/20040714082335/http://www.opinionjournal.com/editorial/feature.html?id=110005204 "Remembering Reagan: In Solidarity"], Editorial, ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'', 11 June 2004, accessed 6 April 2022.</ref>}}

The 1981 science fiction film ''[[Outland (film)|Outland]]'', starring [[Sean Connery]] as a federal agent on an interplanetary mining outpost, has been compared to ''High Noon'' due to similarities in themes and plot.<ref>{{cite news|last=Arnold|first=G.|title=Unlikely 'Outland'|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=May 23, 1981}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Blowen|first=M.|title=Outland is Western out of this world|work=[[The Boston Globe]]|date=May 22, 1981}}</ref>

''High Noon'' is referenced several times on the [[HBO]] drama series ''[[The Sopranos]]''. [[Tony Soprano]] cites Gary Cooper's character as the archetype of what a man should be, mentally tough and stoic. He frequently laments, "Whatever happened to Gary Cooper?" and refers to Will Kane as the "strong, silent type". The iconic ending to the film is shown on a television during an extended dream sequence in the fifth-season episode "[[The Test Dream]]".<ref>''The Sopranos'', Season 5.  HBO Studios DVD (2008). ASIN B0007YMVWO.</ref>

''High Noon'' inspired the 2008 hip-hop song of the same name by rap artist [[Kinetics (rapper)|Kinetics]], in which ''High Noon'' is mentioned along with several other classic Western films, drawing comparisons between rap battles and Western-film street showdowns.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rapgenius.com/Kinetics-high-noon-official-lyrics|title=Rap Genius: Lyrics and Explanations for the Kinetics song "High Noon"}}</ref>

==Sequels and remakes==
* A television sequel, ''[[High Noon, Part II: The Return of Will Kane]]'', was produced in 1980, and aired on [[CBS]] in November of that year.  [[Lee Majors]] and [[Katherine Cannon]] played the Cooper and Kelly roles. [[Elmore Leonard]] wrote the original screenplay.<ref>[https://www.amazon.com/High-Noon-Part-II-Return/dp/B01EIRLSJ2 ''High Noon Part II''], MGM Studios, Inc, retrieved September 11, 2016.</ref>
*''[[Outland (film)|Outland]]'' is a 1981 British science fiction thriller film written and directed by Peter Hyams and starring Sean Connery, [[Peter Boyle]], and [[Frances Sternhagen]] that was inspired by ''High Noon''.
* In 2000, Stanley Kramer's widow [[Karen Sharpe|Karen Sharpe Kramer]] produced [[High Noon (2000 film)|a remake of ''High Noon'']] as a TV movie for the cable channel [[TBS (U.S. TV channel)|TBS]]. The film starred [[Tom Skerritt]] as Will Kane, with [[Michael Madsen]] as Frank Miller.<ref>[https://ew.com/article/2000/08/18/high-noon-3/ ''High Noon''] EW.com (August 18, 2000), retrieved October 13, 2022.</ref>
* In 2016, Karen Kramer signed an agreement with Relativity Studios for a feature film remake of ''High Noon'', a modernized version set in the present day at the US-Mexico border.  That deal collapsed when Relativity declared bankruptcy the following year, but in 2018, Kramer announced that Classical Entertainment had purchased the rights to the project, which will be executive produced by Kramer and Stephen Jaffe <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.Hollywood reporter.com/news/high-noon-remake-works-at-929527|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|title='High Noon' Remake in the Works at Relativity (Exclusive)|last=Siegel|first=Tatiana|date=November 16, 2016|access-date=May 7, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://deadline.com/2018/11/high-noon-remake-stanley-kramer-widow-karen-kramer-1202502239/|work=[[Deadline Hollywood|Deadline]]|title='High Noon' Remake In The Works; Karen Kramer, Widow Of Stanley Kramer, Will Executive Produce|last=Robb|first=David|date=November 14, 2018|access-date=March 3, 2019}}</ref> As of 2024, there have been no further developments on it.

==See also==
*[[Pisistratus]]—The [[tyrant]] of 5th century BCE [[Ancient Athens|Athens]] whom Judge Mettrick speaks of during his "civics lesson" tale to Kane.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* Allison, Deborah. "'Do Not Forsake Me: The Ballad of High Noon' and the rise of the movie theme song." ''Senses of Cinema'' 28 (2003).
* Burton, Howard A. "'High Noon': Everyman Rides Again." ''Quarterly of Film Radio and Television'' 8.1 (1953): 80–86.
* {{Cite book |last1=Frankel |first1=Glenn |title=High Noon: The Hollywood Blacklist and the Making of an American Classic |date=2017 |publisher=Bloomsbury USA  }}
* {{cite journal |last=Graham |first=Don |title=The Women of "High Noon": A Revisionist View |journal=Rocky Mountain Review of Language and Literature |year=1980 |volume=34 |issue=4 |pages=243–251 |doi=10.2307/1347397 |jstor=1347397|s2cid=194309692 }}
* Hamilton, Cynthia S. ''Western and Hard-Boiled Detective Fiction in America: From High Noon to Midnight'' (Springer, 1987).
* {{cite book |last=Newman |first=Kim |author-link=Kim Newman |title=Wild West Movies |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing Ltd |location=London |year=1990 |isbn=978-07-47507-47-5}}
* {{cite book |first=Richard |last=Slotkin |chapter=Killer Elite: The Cult of the Gunfighter, 1950–1953 |title=Gunfighter Nation: The Myth of the Frontier in Twentieth-Century America |location=New York |publisher=HarperPerennial |year=1992 |isbn=0-06-097575-X |pages=379–404 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-9XOsW7YwJ4C&pg=PA379 }}
* Rapf, Joanna E. "Myth, Ideology, and Feminism in High Noon." ''Journal of Popular Culture'' 23.4 (1990): 75+.

==External links==
{{Wikiquote}}
{{commons category}}
* {{IMDb title|0044706|High Noon}}
* {{TCMDb title|24083|High Noon}}
* {{AFI film|53629}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes|1046060-high_noon|High Noon}}
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=deq3xI8OmCkC ''High Noon''] essay by Daniel Eagan in America's Film Legacy: The Authoritative Guide to the Landmark Movies in the National Film Registry, A&C Black, 2010 {{ISBN|0826429777}}, pages 458–460
* [https://www.washingtonpost.com/arts-entertainment/2020/01/23/34-best-political-movies-ever-made/ "The 34 best political movies ever made"], [[Ann Hornaday]], ''The Washington Post'' January 23, 2020), ranked #27

{{High Noon}}
{{Fred Zinnemann}}
{{Navboxes
| title = Awards for ''High Noon''
| list =
{{Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score}}
{{New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Film}}
}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1952 films]]
[[Category:1952 Western (genre) films]]
[[Category:1950s American films]]
[[Category:1950s English-language films]]
[[Category:American black-and-white films]]
[[Category:American Western (genre) films]]
[[Category:Films about McCarthyism]]
[[Category:Films about Quakers]]
[[Category:Films based on American short stories]]
[[Category:Films directed by Fred Zinnemann]]
[[Category:Films featuring a Best Actor Academy Award–winning performance]]
[[Category:Films featuring a Best Drama Actor Golden Globe winning performance]]
[[Category:Films featuring a Best Supporting Actress Golden Globe–winning performance]]
[[Category:Films produced by Stanley Kramer]]
[[Category:Films scored by Dimitri Tiomkin]]
[[Category:Films set in New Mexico]]
[[Category:Films set in 1898]]
[[Category:Films set in the American frontier]]
[[Category:Films shot in California]]
[[Category:Films that won the Best Original Score Academy Award]]
[[Category:Films that won the Best Original Song Academy Award]]
[[Category:Films whose editor won the Best Film Editing Academy Award]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Carl Foreman]]
[[Category:Revisionist Western (genre) films]]
[[Category:United Artists films]]
[[Category:Films about the United States Marshals Service]]
[[Category:United States National Film Registry films]]
[[Category:English-language Western (genre) films]]