Editing Hever Castle

{{Short description|Historic building in Kent, England}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Use British English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox military installation
|name = Hever Castle
|location = [[Hever, Kent|Hever]], [[Edenbridge, Kent]]
|gridref = {{gbmapping|TQ478452}}
|image = [[File:Hever Castle 2014 06 20 1.jpg|225px]]
|caption = Hever Castle in 2014
|map_type = Kent
|coordinates = {{coord|51|11|14|N|0|6|51|E|type:landmark_region:GB-KEN|display=inline,title}}
|map_size = 200
|map_alt = 
|map_caption = Shown within [[Kent]]
|type = [[Castle]]
|materials = 
|height = 
|condition = Intact
|ownership = Broadland Properties Limited
|open_to_public = Yes
|battles = 
|events = 
}}
[[File:Hever_Castle_king_Henry_VIII_bedchamber_8-05-2017_12-16-22.JPG|315px|right|thumb|The bedroom of Henry VIII at Hever Castle]]
'''Hever Castle''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|h|iː|v|ər}} {{respell|HEE|vər}}) is located in the village of [[Hever, Kent]], near [[Edenbridge, Kent|Edenbridge]], {{convert|30|mi|km}} south-east of [[London]], England. It began as a [[country house]], built in the 13th century. From 1462 to 1539, it was the seat of the [[Boleyn]] (originally 'Bullen') family.<ref>Jenkins, Simon (2003). ''Discover Britain's historic houses. The Southeast.'' Pub. Reader's Digest. {{ISBN|0-276-44068-4}}. P. 43.</ref>

[[Anne Boleyn]], the second [[queen consort]] of [[Henry VIII of England|King Henry VIII of England]], spent her early youth there after her father, [[Thomas Boleyn, 1st Earl of Wiltshire|Thomas Boleyn]], inherited it in 1505. The castle passed to him upon the death of his father, [[William Boleyn|Sir William Boleyn]]. It later came into the possession of King Henry VIII's fourth wife, [[Anne of Cleves]].

The [[Grade I listed]] castle is now owned by the Guthrie family's Broadland Properties.

==History==
There have been three main periods in the construction of this historic castle. The castle's oldest part dates to 1270 and consisted of the gatehouse and a walled [[Motte-and-bailey|bailey]]. It was then owned by [[James Fiennes, 1st Baron Saye and Sele]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hevercastle.co.uk/visit/hever-castle/owners/fiennes/|title=Fiennes Family - Fiennes Family Owners of Hever Castle|website=Hever Castle}}</ref> The second period was when the castle, then in need of repair, was converted into a [[Manor house|manor]] in 1462 by [[Geoffrey Boleyn]], younger brother of [[Thomas Boleyn (priest)|Thomas Boleyn]], Master of [[Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge|Gonville Hall, Cambridge]]. He added a Tudor dwelling within the walls. The third period of repair and renovation was in the 20th century, when it was acquired by [[William Waldorf Astor]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Castle|url=http://www.hevercastle.co.uk/Castle.aspx|work=Hever Castle and Gardens|access-date=15 May 2011|archive-date=22 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140922004931/http://www.hevercastle.co.uk/Castle.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> 
 
Geoffrey Boleyn's grandson, [[Thomas Boleyn, 1st Earl of Wiltshire|Thomas Boleyn]], inherited the castle in 1505. He lived there with his wife [[Elizabeth Boleyn, Countess of Wiltshire|Lady Elizabeth Howard]] and their children [[George Boleyn|George]], [[Mary Boleyn|Mary]] and [[Anne Boleyn|Anne]] (the future wife of [[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]]). It is not known if Anne was born at Hever (the year of her birth is not certain), but she lived there until she was sent to the [[Netherlands]] in 1513 to receive an education at the court of the [[Archduchess Margaret of Austria|Archduchess Margaret]]. Henry VIII often used the nearby [[Bolebroke Castle]] to conduct his courtship with Anne.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://onthetudortrail.com/Blog/anne-boleyn-places/castles/bolebroke-castle-hartfield-east-sussex/ |title=The Tudor Trail |access-date=16 November 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129174007/http://onthetudortrail.com/Blog/anne-boleyn-places/castles/bolebroke-castle-hartfield-east-sussex/ |archive-date=29 November 2014 }}</ref>

The property came into the possession of Henry VIII after the death of Anne's father, [[Thomas Boleyn, 1st Earl of Wiltshire|Thomas Boleyn]], in 1539. He bestowed it upon [[Anne of Cleves]] in 1540 as part of the settlement following the annulment of their marriage. Hever Castle still has one of Henry VIII's private locks, taken with him on his various visits to noblemen's houses and fitted to every door for his security.<ref>Jenkins, Simon (2003). ''Discover Britain's historic houses. The Southeast.'' Pub. Reader's Digest. {{ISBN|0-276-44068-4}}. P. 45.</ref>

[[File:Cox-Jnr-98093 - Hever Castle from the Moat - circa 1850.jpg|thumb|upright|''Hever Castle from the Moat'', circa 1850, by [[David Cox Jr.]] ]]

The property subsequently passed through various owners, including the [[Waldegrave family]] from 1557 to 1715, the [[Sir William Humfreys, 1st Baronet|Humfreys]] family to 1749 and the [[Meade-Waldo]] family from 1749 to 1903. During this latter period of ownership, the castle fell into a poor state of repair, during which time it was leased to various private tenants.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hevercastle.co.uk/visit/hever-castle/owners/meade-waldo/|title=Meade Waldo|publisher=Hever Castle|access-date=3 June 2018}}</ref>

In 1903, it was acquired and restored by the American millionaire [[William Waldorf Astor]], who used it as a family residence.<ref>John Turner, ‘Astor, William Waldorf, first Viscount Astor (1848–1919)’, rev. [[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]], Oxford University Press, 2004;</ref> He completed a restoration, added the Tudor village (also known as the Astor Wing)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.britainexpress.com/counties/kent/Hever_Castle.htm |title=Hever Castle History, tourist information, and nearby accommodation |website=Britain Express |access-date=June 5, 2021 |quote=}}</ref> and also added the Italian Garden to display his collection of statuary and ornaments.<ref>{{cite book |last=Brown |first=Jane |date=1999 |title=The English Garden Through the 20th Century |location=England |publisher=Garden Art Press |isbn=1870673298 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Dimas |first1=Stephanie |last2=Reinsberg |first2= Carola |last3=von Hesberg |first3=Henner |author-link3=Henner von Hesberg | title=Die Antikensammlungen von Hever Castle, Cliveden, Bignor Park und Knole |series=Monumenta artis romanae | volume=38 |location=Wiesbaden |publisher=Reichert |year=2013| isbn=978-3-89500-714-9}}</ref>

The castle has been Grade I listed since 10 September 1954; that was after the addition of the Tudor village, "a picturesque cluster of guest cottages".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1273465?section=official-list-entry |title=Hever Castle |website=Historic England |access-date=5 September 2022 |quote=List Entry Number: 1273465}}</ref>

In 1983, the Astor family sold the castle to John Guthrie (1906-1992), chairman of the family-run business, Broadland Properties Limited.

The castle was used as the location for [[music video|music videos]].<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MWk6L9T5-es ''When A Knight Won His Spurs''] (soloist: Edward Day). LiberaUSA, 2006 (YouTube).</ref> The [[Loggia]] on the lake was used as the location for a peace conference in the comedy-drama ''[[The Great (2020 TV series)|The Great]]''. Other productions that have filmed on the property include ''[[The Princess Bride (film)|The Princess Bride]]'' and ''[[Inkheart (film)|Inkheart]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://londonist.com/london/beyond-london/hever-castle-gardens-kent-visit-review-photos |title=History, Topiary, Beauty: Why You Should Visit Hever Castle |publisher=Londonist |access-date=5 September 2022}}</ref>

==Attractions for tourists==

Hever Castle is now a tourist attraction, drawing on its links to Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII, its mazes, gardens and lakes. There is an annual event programme with assorted events, including jousting tournaments and archery displays in the summer months and an annual patchwork and quilting exhibition in September. The castle has also become the venue for a [[triathlon]] and open water swimming.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.triswim.org.uk/hever | title=Hever Castle Lake Swim &#124; Triswim }}</ref><ref>[http://www.castletriathlonseries.co.uk/The_Series/Hever_Castle.htm Hever Castle Triathlon website] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714203854/http://www.castletriathlonseries.co.uk/The_Series/Hever_Castle.htm |date=2011-07-14 }}</ref>  The castle has three floors containing antique furniture, Anne Boleyn's prayer books, instruments of torture, and a large collection of Tudor paintings. There is also a museum of the [[Kent and Sharpshooters Yeomanry]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sharpshooters.org.uk/KSYM |title=Kent and Sharpshooters Yeomanry Museum|publisher=Sharpshooters|access-date=3 June 2018}}</ref>

The remains of the original country house timbers can still be seen within the stone walls of the fortification, while the gatehouse is the only original part of the castle. It has the oldest working original [[portcullis]] in England.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pastscape.org.uk/hob.aspx?hob_id=407172 |title=Hever Castle |publisher= Pastscape|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151126062347/http://www.pastscape.org.uk/hob.aspx?hob_id=407172 |access-date=3 June 2018|archive-date=2015-11-26 }}</ref>  The grounds of the castle include a [[Taxus|yew]] [[maze]], planted in 1904. There is also a water maze, opened in 1999, the object of which is to reach the folly at the centre without getting wet. In the children's adventure playground, there is a tower maze (currently{{when?|date=April 2024}} undergoing reconstruction). The castle gardens contain a wide range of features, including an Italianate garden (including [[Fernery]]), rose gardens, herb garden, and [[topiary]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hevercastle.co.uk/news/spotlight-on-the-garden-topiary-walk/|title=Spotlight on the garden: topiary walk|publisher=Hever Castle|access-date=3 June 2018}}</ref>

The castle has 28 B&B rooms that can be rented in a B&B format. The castle has three restaurants, located in the gardens.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/europe/united-kingdom/england/kent/edenbridge/hotels/hever-castle-hotel/ |title=Hever Castle Edenbridge, Kent, England |website=The Telegraph |date=3 October 2017 |access-date=5 September 2022 |quote=The 28 bedrooms are spread between the ground and first floors of the two wings.}}</ref>

==Gallery==

<gallery>
Image:Hever Castle 12.JPG|Hever Castle
Image:Hever Castle sideview.jpg|Hever Castle - side view
Image:Hever Castle Water Maze.jpg|The water maze
Image:Hever Castle bridge over long lake.JPG|A bridge over the moat
<!--Image:Bridge Hever Castle Grounds.jpg|Another view of the bridge over the lake-->
<!--Image:Hever Castle and cottages over moat.JPG|Castle and cottages-->
Image:Hever Castle rose garden with fountain.JPG|One of the rose gardens
Image:Statue on Hever Castle Grounds.jpg |Statue in the castle grounds  
Image:Statue2 on Hever Castle Grounds.jpg|Another statue in the castle grounds
Image:Hever Castle cottages near moat.JPG|Cottages near the castle
Image:Hever Castle Italian Gardens2(2014-06-20).JPG|Italian Gardens
Image:Hever Castle Loggia1(2014-06-20).JPG|Loggia with fountain
Image: Castle in Hever 3.jpg|The castle in 2008
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[Castles in Great Britain and Ireland]]
*[[List of castles in England#Kent]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.hevercastle.co.uk Hever Castle official website.]

{{Authority control}}
[[Category:1270 establishments in England]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1270]]
[[Category:Country houses in Kent]]
[[Category:Castles in Kent]]
[[Category:Gardens in Kent]]
[[Category:Historic house museums in Kent]]
[[Category:Astor family residences]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Sevenoaks District]]
[[Category:Grade I listed buildings in Kent]]
[[Category:Grade I listed parks and gardens in Kent]]
[[Category:Rose gardens in Kent]]
[[Category:Anne of Cleves]]
[[Category:Mary Boleyn]]
[[Category:Anne Boleyn]]