Editing Hesperia, California

{{Short description|City in California, United States}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name                  = Hesperia
| settlement_type       = [[List of municipalities in California|City]]
| image_skyline         = Hesperia City Hall.jpeg
| image_caption         = Hesperia City Hall
| image_flag            = Flag of Hesperia, California.gif
| image_seal            = Seal of Hesperia, California.png
| image_map             = File:San Bernardino County California Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Hesperia Highlighted 0633434.svg
| mapsize               = 250x200px
| map_caption           = Location of Hesperia in San Bernardino County, California.
| pushpin_map           = USA
| pushpin_map_caption   = Location of Hesperia in the United States
| pushpin_relief        = 1
<!-- Location -->
| subdivision_type      = Country
| subdivision_name      = {{Flagu|United States}}
| subdivision_type1     = State
| subdivision_name1     = {{flag|California}}
| subdivision_type2     = [[List of counties in California|County]]
| subdivision_name2     = {{Flagicon image|Flag of San Bernardino County, California.svg}} [[San Bernardino County, California|San Bernardino]]
<!-- Government -->
| established_title3    = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
| established_date3     = July 1, 1988<ref>{{Cite web
 |url=http://www.calafco.org/docs/Cities_by_incorp_date.doc 
 |title=California Cities by Incorporation Date 
 |format=Word 
 |publisher=California Association of [[Local Agency Formation Commission]]s 
 |access-date=August 25, 2014 |url-status=dead 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141103002921/http://www.calafco.org/docs/Cities_by_incorp_date.doc 
 |archive-date=November 3, 2014 }}</ref>
| government_type       = [[Charter city|General Law City]] <br />[[Council–manager government|Council–manager]]
| leader_title          = [[City council]]
| leader_name           = Larry Bird ([[Mayor]])<br /> Rebekah Swanson ([[Pro tempore]])<br /> Cameron Gregg <br /> Brigit Bennington<br /> Allison Lee <ref>{{Cite web|title=City Council {{!}} City of Hesperia - Official Website|url=http://www.cityofhesperia.us/133/City-Council|access-date=January 1, 2021|website=www.cityofhesperia.us|archive-date=January 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121050642/https://www.cityofhesperia.us/133/City-Council|url-status=live}}</ref>
| leader_title1         = [[City manager]]
| leader_name1          = Rachel Molina <ref name=manager>{{cite web|title=City Manager|url=http://www.cityofhesperia.us/index.aspx?NID=304|publisher=City of Hesperia|access-date= June 28, 2016}}</ref>
| leader_title2         = [[City treasurer]]
| leader_name2          = Vacant
<!-- Area -->
| unit_pref             = Imperial
| area_footnotes        = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2019">{{cite web|title=2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_06.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=July 1, 2020|archive-date=January 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200116044541/https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_06.txt|url-status=live}}</ref>
| area_total_km2        = 188.50
| area_total_sq_mi      = 72.78
| area_land_km2         = 188.26
| area_land_sq_mi       = 72.69
| area_water_km2        = 0.25
| area_water_sq_mi      = 0.10
| area_water_percent    = 0.15
<!-- Population ------->
| population_total      = 90173
| population_as_of      = [[2010 United States census|2010]]
| population_footnotes  = <ref name=quif>{{Cite web|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06/0633434.html|title=Hesperia (city) QuickFacts|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=April 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416033637/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06/0633434.html|archive-date=April 16, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| population_density_sq_mi = 1317.31
| population_density_km2 = 508.62
| population_rank       = [[List of largest California cities by population|77th]] in California
| population_metro      = 
<!-- General information -->
| timezone              = [[Pacific Time Zone|PST]]
| utc_offset            = −8
| timezone_DST          = PDT
| utc_offset_DST        = −7
| elevation_footnotes   = <ref name=gnis/>
| elevation_ft          = 3347
| coordinates           = {{coord|34|22|20|N|117|19|52|W|display=inline,title}}
<!-- Area/postal codes and others -->
| postal_code_type      = [[ZIP Code]]s
| postal_code           = 92340, 92344, 92345
| area_code             = [[Area codes 442 and 760|442/760]]
| area_code_type        = [[North American Numbering Plan|Area codes]]
| blank_name            = [[Federal Information Processing Standards|FIPS]] code
| blank_info            = {{FIPS|06|33434}}
| blank1_name           = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info           = 2410751<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|2410751}}</ref>
| website               = {{URL|www.cityofhesperia.us|cityofhesperia.us}}
}}

'''Hesperia''' ({{IPAc-en|h|ɛ|ˈ|s|p|ɪə||i|ə}}) is a city in [[San Bernardino County, California]], United States. It is located {{convert|35|mi}} north of [[downtown San Bernardino]] in [[Victor Valley]] and surrounded by the [[Mojave Desert]]. Because of its relatively high elevation and the unique and moderate weather patterns of the region, Hesperia is part of what is locally called the [[High Desert (California)|High Desert]]. The name "Hesperia" means "western land".<ref name=SBSun1988>{{cite news | first = Carl | last = Yetzer | title = Hesperia Grows Itself Into Cityhood | newspaper = [[San Bernardino County Sun]] | url = https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/64907295/ | url-access = subscription | date = April 17, 1988 | page = A1 | access-date = August 12, 2020 | via = Newspapers.com | archive-date = October 31, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201031045659/https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/64907295/ | url-status = live }}</ref> The 2019 census report estimates that the city has a population of 95,750.<ref name="USCensusEst2019CenPopScriptOnlyDirtyFixDoNotUse">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2019.html|date=May 24, 2020|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates Tables: 2019|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=May 27, 2020|archive-date=July 1, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210701194657/https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2019.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==History==
The first inhabitants of the area were the [[Serrano people|Desert Serrano]] ([[Vanyume]]). The village of [[Wá’peat]], among several other villages that were located along the [[Mojave River]], were within the vicinity of what is now Hesperia. These villages were occupied into the early 1800s and had deep ties with one another. An acorn-gathering festival was held at Wá’peat that involved villagers from across the Mojave River area.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last1=Sutton |first1=Mark Q. |url=https://www.pcas.org/documents/5323DesertSerrano.pdf |title=The Desert Serrano of the Mojave River |last2=Earle |first2=David D. |publisher=Pacific Coast Archaeological Society Quarterly |pages=8 |archive-date=December 17, 2022 |access-date=December 17, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221217052119/https://www.pcas.org/documents/5323DesertSerrano.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Weekly List 20201030 - National Register of Historic Places (U.S. National Park Service) |url=https://www.nps.gov/subjects/nationalregister/weekly-list-20201030.htm |access-date=December 17, 2022 |website=www.nps.gov |language=en |archive-date=December 17, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221217052118/https://www.nps.gov/subjects/nationalregister/weekly-list-20201030.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

Hesperia began as a Spanish land grant: ''Rancho San Felipe, Las Flores y el Paso del Cajon'', founded in 1781. The land was sparsely inhabited desert during [[Spanish California|Spanish]]-Mexican rule in the 19th century. The U.S. annexed the region along with Southern California after the [[Mexican–American War|Mexican-American War]] in 1848.

In 1869, Max Stobel purchased {{convert|35,000|acre}} from the [[Bureau of Land Management|United States Government Land Office]] for $40,000. While several attempts were made to subdivide and encourage colonization, the land was primarily used for agricultural purposes, with [[Raisin|raisin grapes]] the primary product.<ref name=SBSun1988 />

The town site was laid out in 1891 by railroad company land developers of the [[Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway|Santa Fe Railroad]], which was completed that year. Hesperia was named for [[Hesperus]], the [[Greek pantheon|Greek god]] of the West. The railroad land developers published pamphlets distributed across the country with [[boosterism]] of Hesperia, California, as a potential metropolis, to become "the Omaha of the West" or projections to have over 100,000 people by 1900, but only 1,000 moved in.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TR9uDaHqm34C&q=hesperia+images+of+america|title=Hesperia|year=2010|author=Gary Drylie|publisher=Arcadia |isbn=9780738581071 }}</ref>

Hesperia grew relatively slowly until the completion of US [[U.S. Route 66|Routes 66]], [[California State Route 91|91]], and [[U.S. Route 395 in California|395]] in the 1940s, followed by [[Interstate 15]] in the late 1960s. About {{convert|30|sqmi|km2}} of land were laid out for possible residential development.

In the early 1950s, land developer [[M. Penn Phillips]] and his silent financial partner, boxer [[Jack Dempsey]], financed the building of roads and land subdivisions, promoting lots sales on television. They built the Hesperia Inn and golf course, which attracted a variety of Hollywood celebrities. The Hesperia Inn also housed the Jack Dempsey Museum.

The main wave of newcomers, though, arrived at Hesperia in the 1980s. Suburban growth transformed the small town of 5,000 people in 1970 to a moderate-sized city with a population over 60,000 by 2000, and an estimated population over 95,000 as of July 1, 2018.<ref name="USCensusEst2018">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2018.html|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|access-date=June 2, 2019|archive-date=May 4, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180504181213/https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2017.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>Logan, Tim (June 27, 2014)[http://www.latimes.com/business/realestate/la-fi-0628-high-desert-rebound-20140628-story.html "Housing market recovering in High Desert town"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140628081232/http://www.latimes.com/business/realestate/la-fi-0628-high-desert-rebound-20140628-story.html |date=June 28, 2014 }} ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''</ref>

[[File:Hesperia and the California Aqueduct from the air.jpg|thumb|right|Hesperia from the air, looking southwest, towards the San Gabriel mountains.]]

==Geography==
{{Unreferenced section|date=April 2020}}
Hesperia is a city in the Mojave Desert, and the [[California Aqueduct]] traverses the area.<ref>Earth Metrics, 1989</ref> Much of the native [[flora]] of Hesperia is classified as California desert vegetation, dominated by [[juniper]]s, [[Yucca brevifolia|joshua tree]]s, and [[sagebrush]]. The elevation rises from {{convert|3200|ft|m}} in the north to about {{convert|4000|ft|m}} above sea level to the south.

The [[San Andreas Fault]], a major tectonic plate boundary of the Pacific and North American plates a few miles south of Hesperia in the Cajon Pass, has occasional seismic activity.

Hesperia is located at {{convert|3186|ft|m|0}} above sea level and is a neighbor of [[Victorville, California|Victorville]], [[Oak Hills, San Bernardino County, California|Oak Hills]], and [[Apple Valley, California|Apple Valley]]. The [[Mojave River]] flows northerly through the east side of the city, while the California Aqueduct splits the city from north to south en route to [[Silverwood Lake]].

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|73.2|sqmi|km2}}, with {{convert|73.1|sqmi|km2}} of land and {{convert|0.1|sqmi|km2}} (0.15%) covered by water.

On the southern edge of Hesperia, where the city meets the desert by the airport to the east, is a somewhat pronounced [[mesa]].

===Climate===
According to the [[Köppen climate classification]], Hesperia has a [[cold desert climate]], ''BWk'' on climate maps.

Winter days are cool with high temperatures averaging around {{convert|60|°F}}, but temperatures get cold overnight, as the average low temperatures for December and January are around freezing. It is also the area's wet season.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/research/mcs_web_test_test_files/Page1539.htm|title=Blank|website=www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov|access-date=April 2, 2017|archive-date=April 28, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200428132510/http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/research/mcs_web_test_test_files/Page1539.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[rain shadow]] caused by the mountain ranges to the south and west shields Hesperia from the majority of winter rainfall,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hesperiastar.com/article/20090309/NEWS/303099995|title=Desert Studies: Why the Mojave is a desert|first=Richard|last=Doornbos|website=hesperiastar.com|access-date=September 9, 2017|archive-date=September 9, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170909095423/http://www.hesperiastar.com/article/20090309/NEWS/303099995|url-status=live}}</ref> but heavy rain is not uncommon.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vvdailypress.com/news/20170120/update-heavy-rain-causes-flooding-mudslides-avalanche-warning-issued-for-wrightwood|title=UPDATE: Heavy rain causes flooding, mudslides; avalanche warning issued for Wrightwood|first=Jose|last=Quintero|website=vvdailypress.com|access-date=April 2, 2017|archive-date=April 3, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170403111333/http://www.vvdailypress.com/news/20170120/update-heavy-rain-causes-flooding-mudslides-avalanche-warning-issued-for-wrightwood|url-status=live}}</ref> Winter snowfall is sporadic - the average yearly snowfall amount is 4.4 inches.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliMAIN.pl?ca3935|title=Period of Record Monthly Climate Summary|website=wrcc.dri.edu|access-date=September 9, 2017|archive-date=May 13, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170513033038/http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliMAIN.pl?ca3935|url-status=live}}</ref>

Summer days are very hot, with high temperatures typically nearing {{convert|100|°F}}. This excessive heat is typical of the Mojave Desert as a whole.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/mojave_climate.htm|title=Mojave Desert Climate|website=blueplanetbiomes.org|access-date=January 26, 2019|archive-date=January 16, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190116191356/http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/mojave_climate.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> The large [[diurnal temperature variation]], though, provides substantial relief overnight. In the later part of the season, sporadic summer thunderstorms associated with the [[North American monsoon]] can bring power outages and local flash floods.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vvng.com/lightning-storm-leaves-thousands-of-residents-without-power/|title=Lightning Storm Leaves Thousands of Residents Without Power - Victor Valley News - VVNG.com|first=VVNG|last=Staff|date=September 8, 2015|access-date=April 2, 2017|archive-date=April 3, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170403120835/http://www.vvng.com/lightning-storm-leaves-thousands-of-residents-without-power/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.meteoblue.com/en/weather/forecast/modelclimate/hesperia_united-states-of-america_5356576|title=Climate Hesperia|website=meteoblue}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.climate-data.org/location/15926/|title=Climate Hesperia: Temperature, Climate graph, Climate table for Hesperia - Climate-Data.org|website=en.climate-data.org|access-date=April 2, 2017|archive-date=April 3, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170403194640/https://en.climate-data.org/location/15926/|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{Weather box
|location = Hesperia, California
|single line = Y
|collapsed = Y
|Jan record high F = 80
|Feb record high F = 87
|Mar record high F = 93
|Apr record high F = 100
|May record high F = 108
|Jun record high F = 111
|Jul record high F = 116
|Aug record high F = 112
|Sep record high F = 113
|Oct record high F = 101
|Nov record high F = 88
|Dec record high F = 85
|year record high F = 116
|Jan high F = 60
|Feb high F = 63
|Mar high F = 69
|Apr high F = 75
|May high F = 85
|Jun high F = 94
|Jul high F = 99
|Aug high F = 99
|Sep high F = 93
|Oct high F = 81
|Nov high F = 69
|Dec high F = 60
|year high F = 79
|Jan low F = 32
|Feb low F = 35
|Mar low F = 39
|Apr low F = 44
|May low F = 50
|Jun low F = 56
|Jul low F = 62
|Aug low F = 62
|Sep low F = 56
|Oct low F = 46
|Nov low F = 37
|Dec low F = 31
|year low F = 46
|Jan record low F = -1
|Feb record low F = 11
|Mar record low F = 14
|Apr record low F = 25
|May record low F = 30
|Jun record low F = 36
|Jul record low F = 35
|Aug record low F = 42
|Sep record low F = 32
|Oct record low F = 21
|Nov record low F = 8
|Dec record low F = 6
|year record low F = -1
|Jan precipitation inch = 1.09
|Feb precipitation inch = 1.26
|Mar precipitation inch = 0.88
|Apr precipitation inch = 0.35
|May precipitation inch = 0.14
|Jun precipitation inch = 0.05
|Jul precipitation inch = 0.19
|Aug precipitation inch = 0.20
|Sep precipitation inch = 0.18
|Oct precipitation inch = 0.36
|Nov precipitation inch = 0.47
|Dec precipitation inch = 1.02
|year precipitation inch = 6.19
|precipitation colour = green
|source 1 = The Weather Channel<ref name="The Weather Channel">{{cite web
|url=http://www.weather.com/weather/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/USCA0481
|publisher=The Weather Channel
|title=weather.com
|year=2014
|access-date=March 1, 2014
|archive-date=February 6, 2019
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190206014648/https://weather.com/weather/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/USCA0481
|url-status=live
}}
Retrieved on March 1, 2014.</ref>
|date=March 2014
}}

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1970= 4592
|1980= 13540
|1990= 50418
|2000= 62582
|2010= 90173
|2020= 99818
|estref=<ref name="USCensusEst2019CenPopScriptOnlyDirtyFixDoNotUse"/>
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015|archive-date=July 1, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210701194652/https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}

===2020===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+'''Hesperia, California – Racial and ethnic composition'''<br><small>{{nobold|''Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.''}}</small>
!Race / Ethnicity <small>(''NH = Non-Hispanic'')</small>
!Pop 2000<ref name=2000CensusP004>{{Cite web|title=P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Hesperia city, California|url=https://data.census.gov/table?g=160XX00US0633434&tid=DECENNIALSF12000.P004|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>
!Pop 2010<ref name=2010CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Hesperia city, California|url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=p2&g=160XX00US0633434&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>
!{{partial|Pop 2020}}<ref name=2020CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Hesperia city, California|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=160XX00US0633434&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=February 3, 2024|archive-date=February 3, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240203204842/https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=160XX00US0633434&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|url-status=live}}</ref>
!% 2000
!% 2010
!{{partial|% 2020}}
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|White]] alone (NH)
|39,057
|37,027
|style='background: #ffffe6; |29,444
|62.41%
|41.06%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |29.50%
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans|Black or African American]] alone (NH)
|2,388
|4,853
|style='background: #ffffe6; |5,255
|3.82%
|5.38%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |5.26%
|-
|[[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] or [[Alaska Native]] alone (NH)
|469
|412
|style='background: #ffffe6; |427
|0.75%
|0.46%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.43%
|-
|[[Asian Americans|Asian]] alone (NH)
|619
|1,704
|style='background: #ffffe6; |2,193
|0.99%
|1.89%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |2.20%
|-
|[[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]] alone (NH)
|102
|205
|style='background: #ffffe6; |205
|0.16%
|0.23%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.21%
|-
|[[Race and ethnicity in the United States census|Other race]] alone (NH)
|91
|164
|style='background: #ffffe6; |565
|0.15%
|0.18%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.57%
|-
|[[Multiracial Americans|Mixed race or Multiracial]] (NH)
|1,456
|1,717
|style='background: #ffffe6; |3,081
|2.33%
|1.90%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |3.09%
|-
|[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (any race)
|18,400
|44,091
|style='background: #ffffe6; |58,648
|29.40%
|48.90%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |58.75%
|-
|'''Total'''
|'''62,582'''
|'''90,173'''
|style='background: #ffffe6; |'''99,818'''
|'''100.00%'''
|'''100.00%'''
|style='background: #ffffe6; |'''100.00%'''
|}

===2010===
At the [[2010 United States census|2010 census]], Hesperia had a population of 90,173. The population density was {{convert|1,231.7|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of Hesperia was 55,129 (61.1%) White (41.1% non-Hispanic White),<ref name="Hesperia city, California">{{cite web|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06/0633434.html|title=Hesperia (city), California|access-date=December 25, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416033637/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06/0633434.html|archive-date=April 16, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> 5,226 (5.8%) African American, 1,118 (1.2%) Native American, 1,884 (2.1%) Asian, 270 (0.3%) Pacific Islander, 22,115 (24.5%) from other races, and 4,431 (4.9%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 44,091 persons (48.9%).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0633434|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140715025521/http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0633434|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 15, 2014|title=2010 Census Interactive Population Search: CA - Hesperia city|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=July 12, 2014}}</ref>

The census reported that 90,145 people lived in households, 22 lived in noninstitutionalized group quarters, and six  were institutionalized.

Of the 26,431 households, 49.8% had children under the age of 18 living in them, 56.0% were opposite-sex married couples living together, 16.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 8.1% had a male householder with no wife present; 7.6% were [[POSSLQ|unmarried opposite-sex partnerships]], and 0.7% were [[same-sex partnerships|same-sex married couples or partnerships]]. About 15.3% were one-person households and 6.3% had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 3.41. The<!-- re were 21,146 families (80.0% of households); the --> average family size was 3.76.

The age distribution was 29,156 people (32.3%) under 18, 9,465 people (10.5%) from 18 to 24, 23,243 people (25.8%) from 25 to 44, 20,157 people (22.4%) from 45 to 64, and 8,152 people (9.0%) 65 or older. The median age was 30.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.0 males.

The 29,004 housing units averaged 396.2 per square mile; of the occupied units, 17,688 (66.9%) were owner-occupied and 8,743 (33.1%) were rented. The homeowner vacancy rate was 3.6%; the rental vacancy rate was 8.4%; 58,320 people (64.7% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 31,825 people (35.3%) lived in rental housing units.

According to the 2010 United States Census, Hesperia had a median household income of $46,027, with 23.1% of the population living below the federal poverty line.<ref name="Hesperia city, California"/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-hesperia-halfway-homes-20160914-snap-story.html|title=A desert town's extreme crackdown on outsiders blamed for crimes: Mayor compares the effort to killing roaches|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]|author=Rubin, Joel|date=September 14, 2016|access-date=April 18, 2018|archive-date=April 18, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418161352/http://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-hesperia-halfway-homes-20160914-snap-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

===2000===
As of the 2000 census<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=April 18, 2018|title=U.S. Census website|archive-date=December 27, 1996|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19961227012639/https://www.census.gov/|url-status=live}}</ref>  62,582 people, 19,966 households, and 15,773 families were living in the city. The population density was {{convert|929.3|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The 21,348 housing units  averaged 317.0 per square mile (122.4/km{{sup|2}}).  The [[Race and ethnicity in the United States census#2000 census|racial makeup]] of the city was 74.3% White, 4.0% African American, 1.3% Native American, 1.1% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 6.5% from other races, and 4.7% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 29.4% of the population.

Of the 19,966 households, 42.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.9% were married couples living together, 13.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.0% were not families. About 16.5% of households were one person and 7.6% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 3.1, and the average family size was 3.5.

The age distribution was 32.8% under  18, 9.3% from 18 to 24, 27.4% from 25 to 44, 19.6% from 45 to 64, and 11.0% 65 or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.3 males. For every 100 females  18 and over, there were 94.1 males.

The median income for a household was $40,201 and for a family was $43,004. Males had a median income of $39,776 versus $25,665 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,487. About 11.1% of families and 14.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.2% of those under 18 and 6.4% of those 65 or over.

==Economy==
According to the city's 2020 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,<ref>{{cite web |title=Comprehensive Annual Financial Report Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2020 |url=https://www.cityofhesperia.us/DocumentCenter/View/16622/CAFR-FY-End-June-30-2020 |website=City of Hesperia |access-date=August 2, 2021}}</ref> the principal employers in the city are:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! #
! Employer
! # of Employees
|-
|1
|[[Hesperia Unified School District]]
|2,817
|-
|2
|[[San Bernardino County, California|County of San Bernardino]]
|648
|-
|3
|[[Walmart Supercenter]]
|405
|-
|4
|[[Super Target]]
|320
|-
|5
|[[Stater Bros.]] Markets
|320
|-
|6
|City of Hesperia
|261
|-
|7
|Arizona Pipeline Company
|213
|-
|8
|[[In-N-Out Burger]]
|143
|-
|9
|Robar Ent/Hi Grade Material
|129
|-
|10
|Double Eagle Transportation
|126
|-
|11
|Hesperia Recreation & Park District
|106
|}

==Arts and culture==
{{Unreferenced section|date=April 2020}}
Hesperia has a manmade lake (Hesperia Lake Park) on the southeastern edge of the town. This lake is where various town activities are held, including the annual Hesperia Day activities. Camping and fishing are permitted here, as well as day camp and various junior leagues for sports.

Just south of Hesperia Lake Park is the Radio Control Model Aircraft Park, located at 1700 Arrowhead Lake Road. Home of the Victor Valley R/C Flyers, the R/C Park is open on a daily basis by its members.

Hesperia's golf course is known for its narrow fairways and fast greens. During the 1950s and 1960s, this course was a stop along the PGA Tour. The course runs from the rift between the "mesa" and the adjoining land on the other side.

To the east of Hesperia, the Mojave River runs from south to north, mainly under ground, and it surfaces in Victorville. Although the river bed is usually dry, it fills up if Hesperia experiences a rare heavy rain. Hesperia is bordered to the north by the city of Victorville, and to the east by the town of Apple Valley.

Hesperia is the home of Cal-Earth, a nonprofit organization demonstrating and teaching a method of home construction, particularly for arid hot areas, called [[Superadobe]].

==Parks and recreation==
Hesperia Recreation and Park District serves the recreational needs of the citizens.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.hesperiaparks.com/our-mission|title=Our Mission|work=Hesperia Recreation and Park District|access-date=August 2, 2018|language=en}}</ref> Established in 1957, Hesperia Recreation and Park District has facilities, both indoors and outdoors. The Southern California Hardball Association is a 28 and over, adult baseball league that serves Hesperia residents.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.hesperiaparks.com/parks-facilities|title=Parks & Facilities|work=Hesperia Recreation and Park District|access-date=August 2, 2018|language=en|archive-date=August 2, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180802193254/https://www.hesperiaparks.com/parks-facilities|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Government==
===State and federal===
In the [[California State Legislature]], Hesperia is in {{Representative|casd|21|fmt=sdistrict}}, and in {{Representative|caad|33|fmt=adistrict}}.<ref>{{Cite web
 | url = http://statewidedatabase.org/gis/gis2011/index_2011.html
 | title = Statewide Database
 | publisher = UC Regents
 | access-date = December 1, 2014
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150201113744/http://statewidedatabase.org/gis/gis2011/index_2011.html
 | archive-date = February 1, 2015
| url-status = dead
 }}</ref>

In the [[United States House of Representatives]], Hesperia is in {{Representative|cacd|23|fmt=district}}.<ref>{{Cite GovTrack|CA|23|access-date=January 9, 2023}}</ref>

===Municipal===
Larry Bird is the mayor of the city, with Rebekah Swanson as the mayor pro tem. The other three council members are Brigit Bennington, Allison Lee, and Cameron Gregg.<ref name=co>{{Cite web
 | url = http://www.cityofhesperia.us/index.aspx?NID=133
 | title = City Council
 | publisher = City of Hesperia
 | access-date = June 28, 2016
 | archive-date = January 7, 2019
 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190107072413/http://www.cityofhesperia.us/133/City-Council
 | url-status = live
 }}</ref>

According to the city's 2010 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the city's various funds had $92.1 million in revenues, $98.7 million in expenditures, $520.5 million in total assets, $284.5 million in total liabilities, and $44.4 million in cash and investments.<ref>{{cite web|title=City of Hesperia - Comprehensive Annual Financial Report 2010|url=http://www.cityofhesperia.us/DocumentView.aspx?DID=1462|publisher=City of Hesperia|access-date=September 18, 2011|archive-date=September 4, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110904195441/http://www.cityofhesperia.us/DocumentView.aspx?DID=1462|url-status=live}}</ref>
The structure of the management and coordination of city services is:<ref>{{cite web|title=City of Hesperia Departments|url=http://www.cityofhesperia.us/index.aspx?NID=27|publisher=City of Hesperia|access-date=September 18, 2011|archive-date=September 4, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110904193124/http://www.cityofhesperia.us/index.aspx?NID=27|url-status=live}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! City department
! Director
|-
|City manager
|Rachel Molina
|-
|Assistant city manager - management services
|Casey Brooksher
|-
|City clerk
|Melinda Sayre
|-
|Assistant to the city manager
|Tammy Pelayes
|-
|Development services director
|Mike Blay
|-
|Economic development manager
|Rod Yahnke
|-
|Fire chief
|Ron Walls
|-
|Police captain
|Mike Browne
|-
|Director of finance
|Casey Brooksher
|}

Hesperia also has these advisory committees:  City Council Advisory Committee,  Planning Commission, and  Public Safety Advisory Committee composed of citizens assigned to provide advisory resources to the city council.

==== Discrimination lawsuits ====
In 2016, the Victor Valley Family Resource Center sued Hesperia and the San Bernardino County Sheriff for closing transitional houses that the center operated in Hesperia. The center had operated houses in Hesperia for the homeless starting in 2012.  The suit alleged that after the center opened a house in January 2015 to provide housing for felons on probation, the city and sheriff discriminated illegally against the center's tenants and houses.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-hesperia-halfway-homes-20160914-snap-story.html|title=A desert town's extreme crackdown on outsiders blamed for crimes: Mayor compares the effort to killing roaches|last=RUBIN|first=JOEL|date=September 14, 2016|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=December 4, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=December 3, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191203005606/https://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-hesperia-halfway-homes-20160914-snap-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

After a district judge issued a preliminary injunction against the city, the city council altered or repealed several of the laws in dispute. The suit was settled in April 2018 for $484,831.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.vvdailypress.com/news/20180410/hesperia-settles-485k-lawsuit-with-aclu-over-alleged-unlawful-housing-practices|title=Hesperia settles $485K lawsuit with ACLU over alleged unlawful housing practices|last=Cruz|first=Rene Ray De La|date=April 10, 2018|work=vvdailypress.com|access-date=December 4, 2019|language=en|archive-date=December 4, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191204052844/https://www.vvdailypress.com/news/20180410/hesperia-settles-485k-lawsuit-with-aclu-over-alleged-unlawful-housing-practices|url-status=live}}</ref>  On December 2, 2019, the United States Department of Justice filed suit against Hesperia and the San Bernardino County Sheriff's Department<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://abc7.com/5731451/|title=Hesperia, San Bernardino County Sheriff's Department sued for allegedly using ordinance to evict black, Latino renters|date=December 3, 2019|work=ABC7 Los Angeles|language=en|access-date=December 4, 2019}}</ref> for "discrimination against residents and prospective residents of Hesperia because of race and national origin."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1223041/download|title=United States of America, Plaintiff, v. City of Hesperia, County of San Bernardino, and San Bernardino County Sheriff's Department. Complaint and Demand for Jury Trial.|website=United States Department of Justice|access-date=December 3, 2019}}</ref>

==Education==
The [[Hesperia Unified School District]] includes the majority of the city limits.<ref name=CensusUSSDMap2020>{{cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st06_ca/schooldistrict_maps/c06071_san_bernardino/DC20SD_C06071.pdf|title=2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: San Bernardino County, CA|publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]]|page=8 (PDF p. 9/12)|access-date=2024-10-04|archive-date=October 1, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241001031806/https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st06_ca/schooldistrict_maps/c06071_san_bernardino/DC20SD_C06071.pdf|url-status=live}} - [https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st06_ca/schooldistrict_maps/c06071_san_bernardino/DC20SD_C06071_SD2MS.txt Text list]</ref> The district consists of three high schools ([[Hesperia High School]], [[Sultana High School]], Oak Hills High School), two continuation high schools (Mojave High and Canyon Ridge), three junior high schools (Hesperia Junior High, [[Ranchero Middle School]], and [[Cedar Middle School]]), and 14 elementary schools.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hesperia Unified School District |url=https://www.hesperiausd.org/ |access-date=2024-07-10 |website=www.hesperiausd.org |language=en}}</ref>

A portion of the city limits extends into the [[Snowline Joint Unified School District]].<!--UNI 36970--><ref name=CensusUSSDMap2020/>

Hesperia is also served by several charter and private schools. Mirus Secondary School is a 6–12 charter school in Hesperia with an independent study program. Hesperia is also served by Hesperia Christian School, founded in 1966 as a K-12 Christian School.

==Infrastructure==
===Transportation===
The city's main thoroughfares include Ranchero Road, Main Street, Eucalyptus Avenue, Bear Valley Road, Escondido Avenue, Maple Avenue, Cottonwood Avenue, 11th Avenue, 7th Avenue, 3rd Avenue, Hesperia Road, C Avenue, I Avenue, Peach Avenue, and Arrowhead Lake Road. Several of the major streets feature bike lanes and there are also several recreational trails within city limits. The city is located on [[Interstate 15 in California|Interstate 15]], directly north of the Cajon Pass.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Vives |first1=Joseph |last2=Serna |first2=Joseph |last3=Mather |first3=Kate |date=May 6, 2014 |url=http://www.latimes.com/local/la-me-bridge-fire-20140507-story.html |title=Bridge fire leaves Hesperia plan for economic boost in ashes |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |archive-date=June 28, 2014 |access-date=June 28, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140628183624/http://www.latimes.com/local/la-me-bridge-fire-20140507-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Public transit operations are controlled by the [[Victor Valley Transit Authority]]. [[BNSF Railway]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bnsf.com/ship-with-bnsf/maps-and-shipping-locations/pdf/bnsf-network-map.pdf|title=BNSF Railway Network Map|work=BNSF Railway|access-date=August 13, 2024|archive-date=December 10, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210074848/https://www.bnsf.com/ship-with-bnsf/maps-and-shipping-locations/pdf/bnsf-network-map.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> provides rail service through the city on a line which connects Los Angeles to Barstow and points east. [[Union Pacific]] freight trains and [[Amtrak]]’s ''[[Southwest Chief]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amtrak.com/train-schedules-timetables|title=Train Schedules & Timetables &#124; Amtrak|access-date=May 24, 2020|archive-date=May 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200523171319/https://www.amtrak.com/train-schedules-timetables|url-status=live}}</ref> also pass through Hesperia on the BNSF line. The [[Victor Valley Transportation Center|nearest Amtrak station]] is in Victorville, 13 miles north. ''[[Brightline West]]'' includes the option for a high speed rail station in Hesperia.<ref name="ULA 2023-07-05">{{Cite news |last=Sharp |first=Steven |date=July 5, 2023 |title=$25M awarded for Brightline West stations in Hesperia and Apple Valley |url=https://la.urbanize.city/post/25m-awarded-brightline-west-stations-hesperia-and-apple-valley |access-date=July 8, 2023 |work=Urbanize LA |language=en |archive-date=July 8, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230708025541/https://la.urbanize.city/post/25m-awarded-brightline-west-stations-hesperia-and-apple-valley |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.trains.com/trn/news-reviews/news-wire/stb-approves-brightline-west-high-speed-rail-modifications-and-extension-across-cajon-pass/ | title=STB approves Brightline West high speed rail modifications and extension across Cajon Pass | date=November 20, 2023 | work=Trains | publisher=Kalmbach Media | archive-date=June 16, 2024 | access-date=May 5, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240616153516/https://www.trains.com/trn/news-reviews/news-wire/stb-approves-brightline-west-high-speed-rail-modifications-and-extension-across-cajon-pass/ | url-status=live }}</ref>

{{Adjacent stations|header0=Proposed services|system=Brightline|line=West|left=Victor Valley|right=Rancho Cucamonga|note-mid=Cajon Pass Route}}

[[Hesperia Airport]] is a public-use facility, located around {{Convert|3.2|mi|km}} south of Hesperia's central business district.<ref name="FAA">{{FAA-airport|ID=L26|use=PU|own=PR|site=01705.8*A}}. Federal Aviation Administration. Effective July 29, 2010.</ref>

===Public safety===
{{more citations needed|date=August 2012}}
The city of Hesperia contracts with the [[San Bernardino County Sheriff's Department]] for law-enforcement services. The new {{convert|43000|sqft|m2|abbr=on}} substation—opened October 13, 2010—is located at 15840 Smoketree in the city's Civic Plaza, across the street from City Hall. The old {{convert|7600|sqft|m2|abbr=on}} substation, which served for many years, was on Santa Fe Avenue next to the BNSF tracks. The station provides full-service law enforcement for the city and the southern suburbs of Oak Hills and Marianas Ranchos. Additional deputies can respond as necessary from the nearby Victorville Regional Station.

Shortly after Hesperia incorporated as a city in 1988, it created its own fire protection district, which lasted through 2004. The city now has a contract with the San Bernardino County Fire Department for fire and emergency medical services.

==Notable people==
* [[Joel DELEŌN]], Mexican American singer
* [[Dan Henderson]], mixed martial arts ([[Ultimate Fighting Championship|UFC]]) fighter
* [[Buck Page]], musician, singer, founder of Riders of the Purple Sage band
* [[Marcel Reece]], former [[Fullback (American football)|fullback]] for the [[Oakland Raiders]]
* [[Chris Smith (pitcher, born 1981)|Chris Smith]], coach and former [[Major League Baseball]] player
* [[Joe Stevenson]], mixed martial arts fighter
* [[George Connor (racing driver)|George Connor]], retired Indy Car driver
* [[Dominick Reyes]], mixed martial arts (UFC) fighter
* [[Lee Rodriguez]], actress
* [[Thurston Smith]], businessman and politician
* [[Joel Pimentel]], vocalist, former member of [[CNCO]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Hesperia, California}}
*{{Official website}}

{{San Bernardino County, California}}
{{Inland Empire}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Hesperia, California| ]]
[[Category:Cities in the Mojave Desert]]
[[Category:Cities in San Bernardino County, California]]
[[Category:Victor Valley]]
[[Category:1988 establishments in California]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1988]]
[[Category:Incorporated cities and towns in California]]