Editing Herrin, Illinois

{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Herrin
| official_name = 
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| image_skyline = Herrin-Park-Ave-il.jpg
| imagesize = 250px
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| image_caption = N Park Ave ([[Illinois Route 148|IL 148]]) 
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| image_map = File:Williamson County Illinois Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Herrin Highlighted.svg
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| map_caption = Location of Herrin in Williamson County, Illinois.
| image_map1 = Illinois in United States (US48).svg
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| map_caption1 = Location of Illinois in the United States
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| coordinates = {{coord|37|48|9|N|89|1|41|W|display=inline,title}}
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| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = United States
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = Illinois
| subdivision_type2 = County
| subdivision_name2 = [[Williamson County, Illinois|Williamson]]
| subdivision_type3 = Township
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| established_title = Founded
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| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = Steve Frattini
| leader_title1 = Mayor
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| unit_pref = Imperial
| area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020">{{cite web|title=2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_17.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=March 15, 2022}}</ref>
| area_total_km2 = 25.69
| area_total_sq_mi = 9.92
| area_land_km2 = 25.05
| area_land_sq_mi = 9.67
| area_water_km2 = 0.64
| area_water_sq_mi = 0.24
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| elevation_ft = 420
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| population_as_of = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
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| population_total = 12352
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| population_density_km2 = 493.05
| population_density_sq_mi = 1276.96
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| timezone1 = [[North American Central Time Zone|CST]]
|utc_offset1 = −6
| timezone1_DST = [[North American Central Time Zone|CDT]]
|utc_offset1_DST = −5
| postal_code_type = [[ZIP Code]]
| postal_code = 62948
| postal2_code_type = 
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| area_code = [[Area code 618|618]]
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| blank_info = 17-34358
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| blank1_info = 2394365<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|2394365}}</ref>
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| blank2_name_sec2 = Wikimedia Commons
| blank2_info_sec2 = Herrin, Illinois
| website = [http://www.cityofherrin.com/ www.cityofherrin.com]
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}}
'''Herrin''' is a city in [[Williamson County, Illinois]]. The population was 12,352 at the 2020 census.<ref name="Census2020">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/herrincityillinois/PST045219 |title=QuickFacts:Herrin city, Illinois|accessdate=2020-08-20 |website=census.gov}}</ref>
The city is part of the [[Marion, Illinois|Marion]]-Herrin Micropolitan Area and is a part of the [[Carbondale, Illinois|Carbondale]]-[[Marion, Illinois|Marion]]-Herrin, Illinois Combined Statistical Area with 123,272 residents, the sixth most populous [[Combined statistical area]] in Illinois.

==History==
[[File:Herrin-ch1a.jpg|thumb|right|Herrin City hall]]
The settlement of Herrin started out as scattered settlers on Herring's Prairie named for the first permanent settler Isaac Herring, a Baptist preacher. Later, his son-in-law David Herrin arrived and the similarity in names led to the eventual shortening of the name to just Herrin's Prairie. The trails from Jordan's fort to Humphreys' ford on the Big Muddy River intersected the old trail from Lusk's ferry at modern-day [[Golconda, Illinois|Golconda]] to [[Kaskaskia, Illinois|Kaskaskia]], which was first settled by French colonists.<ref>Barbara Burr Hubbs. 1939, Reprint 1979. ''Pioneer Folks and Places''. Marion, Ill.: Williamson County Historical Society. Inside cover, 144-145.</ref>

Isaac Herring entered the first land in what became Herrin on 4 November 1816, two years before Illinois became a state. He paid $2 an acre for the {{convert|160|acres}}. At the time he lived to the west in [[Jackson County, Illinois|Jackson County]], the land entry was the northeast quarter off Section 30, Township 8 South, Range 2 East of the [[Third Principal Meridian]].<ref>[http://www.ilsos.gov/GenealogyMWeb/PublicLandSalesNameServlet?purchaserNumber=0151910 Illinois Public Domain Land Sales Database] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930102511/http://www.ilsos.gov/GenealogyMWeb/PublicLandSalesNameServlet?purchaserNumber=0151910 |date=2011-09-30 }}. Illinois State Archives.</ref> Today that area runs between 17th and 27th streets, and from West Cherry Street on the north to West Stotlar Street on the south.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/|title=Microsoft Research – Emerging Technology, Computer, and Software Research|website=Microsoft Research|access-date=1 May 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180429165820/https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/|archive-date=29 April 2018}}</ref>

David Ruffin Harrison started storekeeping on the prairie in 1858. During the Civil War, he built a frame store building and secured a [[fourth class post office]] that opened on May 26, 1864. After coal was discovered and mining began in nearby [[Carterville, Illinois|Carterville]], Harrison, and his cousins Ephraim Snyder Herrin and Mrs. Williams in 1892 prospected for coal beginning at the southwest corner of Williams' farm, identified in 1939 as the corner of Legion Boulevard and East Herrin Street. (Legion Boulevard no longer appears on the maps, but the reference indicates the intersection was the North and North East public roads. The 1908 county atlas shows North East Public Road two blocks east of Park Avenue which would make it North 13th Street). "The men put up the cash, Mrs. Williams boarded the workers. A fine vein of coal was found at 185 feet."

In 1895, the [[Chicago and Carbondale Railroad]] organized to lay tracks between the [[Illinois Central Railroad]] at Carbondale and connect with the new [[Chicago, Paducah and Memphis Railroad]] that had opened up in 1894, going through the central part of the county. (This one later became the [[Chicago and Eastern Illinois Railroad]]). Herrin convinced the developers to take their line between Carbondale and [[Johnston City, Illinois|Johnston City]] through Herrin. Soon after it opened, the line was sold to the [[Chicago and Texas Railroad]] in the fall of 1895.

The following spring on May 8, 1896, the post office changed to Herrin post office. Cousins Harrison and Herrin, great-grandsons of Isaac Herring, made plans for a new town. They platted a 40-acre site divided by the line between Sections 19 and 30 of the township. They filed the plat 4 December 1896. The community incorporated as a village on March 21, 1898, and as a city two years later on April 17, 1900.<ref>Barbara Burr Hubbs. 1939, Reprint 1979. ''Pioneer Folks and Places''. Marion, Ill.: Williamson County Historical Society. 146-149.</ref><ref>James N. Adams, comp. 1989. ''Illinois Place Names''. Springfield, Ill.: Illinois State Historical Society. 389-390.</ref>

Herrin was the site of the 1922 [[Herrin massacre]], resulting in the deaths of 23 miners and guards.{{citation needed|date=June 2018}}

When mining made the town prosperous, Herrin had a recreational park known as White City Park. It opened on Memorial Day 1924 with 5000 in attendance. It had a salt water swimming pool, rides, and a theater. Touring big bands played here. [[The Dorsey Brothers]] and [[Frank Sinatra]] played bocce ball and performed there.

President [[Harry S. Truman]] came to Herrin in September 1948. Three future presidents came to Herrin during campaigns: [[Richard Nixon]], [[John F. Kennedy]] and [[Ronald Reagan]]. [[Gerald Ford]] came to the Herrin-Marion airport in the 1970s.

At one time Herrin had 10 hotels, many clothing stores, grocery stores as well as department stores. Of the grocery stores Herrin has had over the years, not including national chains, Louie's P&R is the only local store to remain open.

In the beginning of the 21st century, Herrin by coincidence experienced two total [[solar eclipse|eclipses of the sun]] in just seven years - the first on [[Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017|August 21st, 2017]], and the second on [[Solar eclipse of April 8, 2024|April 8th, 2024]].

==Geography==
Herrin is located at {{Coord|37|48|9|N|89|1|41|W|type:city}} (37.802412, -89.028093).<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2011-04-23|date=2011-02-12|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref>

According to the 2010 census, Herrin has a total area of {{convert|9.461|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, of which {{convert|9.23|sqmi|sqkm|2}} (or 97.56%) is land and {{convert|0.231|sqmi|sqkm|2}} (or 2.44%) is water.<ref name="census-g001">{{cite web
  |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/G001/1600000US1734358
  |title=G001 - Geographic Identifiers - 2010 Census Summary File 1
  |access-date=2015-12-27
  |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]
  |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213082259/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/G001/1600000US1734358
  |archive-date=2020-02-13
  |url-status=dead
  }}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|align=left|1900= 1559
|1910= 6861
|1920= 10986
|1930= 9708
|1940= 9352
|1950= 9331
|1960= 9474
|1970= 9623
|1980= 10708
|1990= 10857
|2000= 11298
|2010= 12534
|2020= 12352
|footnote=U.S. Census
}}

===2000 census===
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2008-01-31|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref> of 2000, there were 11,298 people, 4,831 households, and 3,014 families residing in the city.{{failed verification|date=August 2021|reason=More specific link required; this information is not at linked page}} The population density was {{convert|1,377.5|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 5,202 housing units at an average density of {{convert|634.2|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the city was 96.72% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.92% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.35% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.67% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.03% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 0.31% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 1.01% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 0.95% of the population.

There were 4,831 households, out of which 27.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.2% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 11.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.6% were non-families. 33.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26 and the average family size was 2.88.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 22.2% under the age of 18, 8.1% from 18 to 24, 26.8% from 25 to 44, 22.7% from 45 to 64, and 20.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 84.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.5 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $28,532, and the median income for a family was $39,108. Males had a median income of $31,545 versus $22,321 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $16,782. About 13.6% of families and 16.0% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 23.7% of those under age 18 and 11.2% of those age 65 or over.

==Sister city==
On the 17th of July 2015 mayors Steve Frattini and Flavio Polloni signed the Twinning Proclamation Act to officially declare Herrin and Cuggiono as sister cities.

* {{flagdeco|ITA}}{{snd}}[[Cuggiono]] ([[Metropolitan City of Milan|Milan]], [[Lombardy]], Italy) (2015)

==Events and festivals==
Herrin hosts the annual HerrinFesta Italiana, a [[Memorial Day]] weekend celebration of the town's Italian heritage. The five-day event often draws over 60,000 people for live music, authentic Italian food, a carnival, [[Bocce Ball]] tournament, and "Bigga Nose" and pasta-eating contests, as well as many other activities. Past artists and bands include [[Survivor (band)]], [[Dixie Chicks]], [[Night Ranger]], [[Josh Gracin]], [[Blake Shelton]], [[Blue Öyster Cult]], [[Florida Georgia Line]], [[Eddie Money]], [[The Guess Who]], [[Kansas (band)]], [[Starship (band)]], [[Papa Roach]], [[Saving Abel]], [[Theory of a Deadman]], [[Foreigner (band)]], and [[Collective Soul]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.herrinfesta.com/history|title=History of the Entertainers - Herrin Festa Italiana|website=herrinfesta.com|access-date=1 May 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170811050942/http://www.herrinfesta.com/history|archive-date=11 August 2017}}</ref>

==In Popular Culture==
Herrin, Illinois is mentioned in the 1927 silent film "[[It (1927 film)|It]]" The character Cyrus T. Waltham is said to have gone there "for the shooting" after he retires from running Waltham's, the "World Largest Store."

==Notable people==
*[[E. N. Bowen]], Illinois state legislator, judge, and lawyer<ref>"Illinois Blue Book 1941-1942," Biographical Sketch of E. N. Bowen, pg. 250-251</ref>
*[[Ray Chapman]], early 20th Century shortstop for [[Cleveland Indians]]; was raised in Herrin
*[[Richard Clarida]], [[Chairman#Vice chairman and deputy chairman|Vice Chairman]] of the [[Federal Reserve]], former [[Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Economic Policy]] and recipient of the Treasury Medal
*[[Ora Collard]], Illinois state representative and businessman; was raised in Herrin<ref>'Illinois Blue Book 1949-1950, Biographical Sketch of Ora Collard, pg. 232-233</ref>
*[[Steve Fisher (American basketball coach)|Steve Fisher]], basketball coach at San Diego State, head coach of Michigan national championship team, born in Herrin
*[[David Lee Murphy]], country music artist
*[[Joseph W. Ozbourn]], Medal of Honor recipient
*[[Jim Ranchino]], [[political scientist]], [[political consultant]], and pollster in [[Arkadelphia, Arkansas|Arkadelphia]], [[Arkansas]]; born and raised in Herrin<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ilesfuneralhomes.com/obituary/Mariann-Hunt/Des-Moines-IA/856869|title=Mariann Hunt obituary|publisher=ilesfuneralhomes.com|access-date=September 1, 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304104326/http://www.ilesfuneralhomes.com/obituary/Mariann-Hunt/Des-Moines-IA/856869|archive-date=March 4, 2016}}</ref>
*[[William R. Tonso]], professor emeritus of sociology at the University of Evansville.
*[[Bobby Veach]], early 20th Century [[Detroit Tigers]] outfielder; began playing semi-pro baseball in Herrin

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* [https://archive.org/stream/historyofwilliam00inerwi#page/n4/mode/1up ''The History of Williamson County, Illinois, From the Earliest Times, Down to the Present''] by Milo Erwin, published 1876
* Angle, Paul M. (1992). ''Bloody Williamson - A Chapter in American Lawlessness''. University of Illinois Press. {{ISBN|0-252-06233-7}}.
* Ayabe, Masatomo, “Ku Kluxers in a Coal Mining Community: A Study of the Ku Klux Klan Movement in Williamson County, Illinois, 1923–1926,” ''Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society,'' 102 (Spring 2009), 73–100.
* Johnson, Ralph, and Jon Musgrave. 2010. ''[http://www.illinoishistory.com/books Secrets of the Herrin Gangs]''. Marion, Ill.: [http://www.illinoishistory.com IllinoisHistory.com]. 96 pages.
* {{cite Q|Q133286435}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Herrin, Illinois}}
* [http://www.herrinfesta.com Herrinfesta Italiana]
* [http://www.cityofherrin.com/ Herrin, Illinois official site]
* [http://www.herrinhs.org Herrin High School]
* [http://www.illinoispigskin.com/Schools/IL/618/Herrin-Tigers Herrin Tigers Football]

{{Williamson County, Illinois}}
{{Southern-Illinois}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Cities in Illinois]]
[[Category:Micropolitan areas of Illinois]]
[[Category:Cities in Williamson County, Illinois]]
[[Category:Coal towns in Illinois]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1816]]
[[Category:1816 establishments in Illinois Territory]]