Editing Hermosa, South Dakota

{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
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|official_name            = Hermosa, South Dakota
|other_name               = 
|native_name              = 
|nickname                 = 
|settlement_type          = [[Town]]
|motto                    = 
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|image_skyline            = HermosaSD MasonicLodge.jpg
|imagesize                = 
|image_caption            = Former Masonic Lodge, originally the town school
|image_flag               = Hermosa Flag.gif
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|image_map                = Custer_County_South_Dakota_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Hermosa_Highlighted.svg
|mapsize                  = 250px
|map_caption              = Location in [[Custer County, South Dakota|Custer County]] and the state of [[South Dakota]]
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<!-- Location ------------------>
|subdivision_type         = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name         = United States
|subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1        = [[South Dakota]]
|subdivision_type2        = [[List of counties in South Dakota|County]]
|subdivision_name2        = [[Custer County, South Dakota|Custer]]
|subdivision_type3        = 
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|leader_title4            = 
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|established_title        = Founded
|established_date         = 1886<ref>{{cite web|title=SD Towns |publisher=[[South Dakota State Historical Society]] |access-date=February 13, 2010 |url=http://history.sd.gov/Archives/forms/exhibits/SD%20Towns.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100210030454/http://history.sd.gov/Archives/forms/exhibits/SD%20Towns.pdf |archive-date=February 10, 2010 }}</ref>
|established_title2       = <!-- Incorporated (town) -->
|established_date2        = 
|established_title3       = <!-- Incorporated (city) -->
|established_date3        = 
<!-- Area    --------------------->
|area_magnitude           = 
|unit_pref                = Imperial
|area_footnotes           = <ref name="TigerWebMapServer">{{cite web|title=ArcGIS REST Services Directory|url=https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer/5/query?where=STATE='46'&outFields=NAME,STATE,PLACE,AREALAND,AREAWATER,LSADC,CENTLAT,CENTLON&orderByFields=PLACE&returnGeometry=false&returnTrueCurves=false&f=json|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 15, 2022}}</ref>
|area_total_km2           = 1.24
|area_land_km2            = 1.24
|area_water_km2           = 0.00
|area_total_sq_mi         = 0.48
|area_land_sq_mi          = 0.48
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|population_as_of         = [[2020 United States Census|2020]]
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|population_total         = 382
|population_density_km2   = 306.93
|population_density_sq_mi = 794.18
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<!-- General information  --------------->
|timezone                 = [[Mountain Standard Time Zone|MST]]
|utc_offset               = -7
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|coordinates              = {{coord|43|50|23|N|103|11|35|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_footnotes      = <ref name=gnis/>
|elevation_ft             = 3340
<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->
|postal_code_type         = Zip Code
|postal_code              = 57744
|area_code                = 605
|blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info               = 46-28300<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=January 31, 2008|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref>
|blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info              = 1267418<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|1267418}}</ref>
|website                  = [https://www.hermosasd.com/ www.hermosasd.com]
|footnotes                = 
|pop_est_footnotes = 
}}

'''Hermosa''' is a [[Town#United States|town]] near the northern edge of [[Custer County, South Dakota|Custer County]], [[South Dakota]], United States. The population was 382 at the [[2020 United States Census|2020 census]].<ref name=USCensus>{{cite web |title=U.S. Census Bureau: Hermosa town, South Dakota |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=1600000US4628300 |website=www.census.gov |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=March 23, 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

==History==
Hermosa was developed by the [[Fremont, Elkhorn and Missouri Valley Railroad]], later acquired by the [[Chicago and North Western Railway]], and was [[plat]]ted in 1886.<ref name="history">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OspBAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA83 | title=A History of the Origin of the Place Names Connected with the Chicago & North Western and Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha Railways | author=Chicago and North Western Railway Company | year=1908 | page=83}}</ref><ref name=SD/> It was given its name, the Spanish for "beautiful", for its views of the [[Black Hills]] and the grasslands; the railroad located it a mile uphill from an existing [[stagecoach]] stop.<ref name=SD>{{cite magazine |author=Paul Higbee |url=https://www.southdakotamagazine.com/the-beauty-that-is-hermosa |title=The Beauty That is Hermosa |magazine=South Dakota magazine |date=2021 |orig-date=January–February 2020 |access-date=April 18, 2024 }}</ref> A post office has been in operation in Hermosa since 1886.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.postalhistory.com/postoffices.asp?task=display&state=SD&county=Custer | title=Custer County | publisher=Jim Forte Postal History | access-date=March 20, 2015}}</ref>

A [[Titan missile]] silo was located near Hermosa from the early 1960s.<ref name=SD/>

==Geography==
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the town has a total area of {{convert|0.48|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, all land.<ref name="Gazetteer files">{{cite web |title=US Gazetteer files 2010 |url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=June 21, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120125061959/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |archive-date=January 25, 2012 }}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|align=left
|1890= 172
|1900= 77
|1910= 114
|1920= 74
|1930= 128
|1940= 121
|1950= 123
|1960= 126
|1970= 150
|1980= 251
|1990= 242
|2000= 315
|2010= 398
|2020= 382
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref><ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly">{{cite web|url=https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/pl?get=P1_001N,NAME&for=place:*&in=state:46&key=5ccd0821c15d9f4520e2dcc0f8d92b2ec9336108|title=Census Population API|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 15, 2022}}</ref>
}}

===2010 census===
As of the [[census]]<ref name ="wwwcensusgov">{{cite web|title=U.S. Census website|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=June 21, 2012}}</ref> of 2010, there were 398 people, 158 households, and 110 families living in the town. The [[population density]] was {{convert|829.2|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 183 housing units at an average density of {{convert|381.3|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the town was 88.7% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 3.8% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 1.0% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.3% [[Race (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 0.5% from [[Race (U.S. Census)|other races]], and 5.8% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 5.3% of the population.

There were 158 households, of which 33.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.9% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 10.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 7.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 30.4% were non-families. 20.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.3% consisted of someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.52 and the average family size was 2.93.

The median age in the town was 36.8 years. 25.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.3% were between 25 and 44; 29.3% were between 45 and 64; and 11.6% were 65 or older. The gender makeup of the town was 50.3% male and 49.7% female.

===2000 census===
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2" /> of 2000, there were 315 people, 130 households, and 82 families living in the town. The population density was {{convert|809.8|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 139 housing units at an average density of {{convert|357.3|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the town was 92.38% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 1.59% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 3.81% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.32% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 1.90% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 2.86% of the population.

There were 130 households, out of which 30.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.0% were married couples living together, 8.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.2% were non-families. 28.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.1% consisted of someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 2.98.

Of the population, 26.0% were under the age of 18, 7.0% aged between 18 and 24, 27.9% between 25 and 44, 26.0% between 45 and 64, and 13.0%, 65 or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.3 males; among those 18 and over, for every 100 females there were 102.6 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $35,341, and the median income for a family was $37,031. Males had a median income of $29,000 versus $16,750 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the town was $13,147. About 8.0% of families and 9.1% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 11.8% of those under age 18 and 8.6% of those 65 or over.

==Education==
Hermosa has an elementary school serving students through [[8th grade]]; most continue their schooling in [[Rapid City, South Dakota|Rapid City]]. The first school opened in 1886. It was replaced in 1889 by a two-story building with a bell tower, which in 1926 was condemned as structurally unsound, but was purchased, moved, and stabilized by the [[Freemasons]], who used it as their lodge until 2000; it has since become a museum, arts venue, and community hall under the Hermosa Arts and History Association.<ref name=SD/>

==Economics==
[[Tin]] has been mined near Hermosa, with the ore transported via the railroad, and the town was also a railhead for cattle ranching. Since the opening of [[Custer State Park]] in 1919, Hermosa has also been a recreational gateway to the Black Hills.<ref name=SD/> The Custer County Fairground is in the town. There is a small downtown business district clustered around [[U.S. Route 79]]. Lintz Brothers pizza, originally in the Mount Rushmore Telephone Company building, and Roy's Drive-in, with two {{convert|80|ft|m|adj=on}} digital screens, attract out-of-towners as well as locals.<ref name=SD/>

==Notable residents==
* [[Gutzon Borglum]], lived on a ranch in Hermosa during work on [[Mount Rushmore]]<ref name=SD/>
* Bower family, subjects of the Disney film ''[[The One and Only, Genuine, Original Family Band]]''<ref name=SD/>
* Linda Hasselstrom, rancher and author<ref name=SD/>

==See also==
* [[List of towns in South Dakota]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{commons category-inline|Hermosa, South Dakota}}

{{Custer County, South Dakota}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Towns in Custer County, South Dakota]]
[[Category:Towns in South Dakota]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1886]]
[[Category:1886 establishments in Dakota Territory]]