Editing Henry Miller

{{Short description|American novelist (1891–1980)}}
{{Other people}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox writer <!-- for more information see [[:Template:Infobox writer/doc]] -->
| image        = Henry Miller 1940.jpg
| caption      = Miller in 1940
| birth_name   = Henry Valentine Miller
| birth_date   = {{birth date|mf=yes|1891|12|26}}
| birth_place  = New York City, U.S.
| death_date   = {{death date and age|mf=yes|1980|6|7|1891|12|26}}
| death_place  = Los Angeles, California U.S.
| occupation   = Writer
| period       = 1934–80
| genre        = [[Roman à clef]], [[philosophical fiction]]
| notableworks = {{ubl|''[[Tropic of Cancer (novel)|Tropic of Cancer]]''|''[[Black Spring (novel)|Black Spring]]''|''[[Tropic of Capricorn (novel)|Tropic of Capricorn]]''|''[[The Colossus of Maroussi]]''|''[[The Rosy Crucifixion]]''}}
| spouse       = {{ubl|{{marriage|Beatrice Sylvas Wickens|1917|1924|end=divorced}}|{{marriage|[[June Miller]]|1924|1934|end=divorced}}|{{marriage|Janina Martha Lepska|1944|1952|end=divorced}}|{{marriage|Eve McClure|1953|1960|end=divorced}}|{{marriage|Hiroko Tokuda|1967|1977|end=divorced}}}}
| children     = 3
| signature    = Henry Miller signature.svg
}}
'''Henry Valentine Miller''' (December 26, 1891 – June 7, 1980) was an American novelist, short story writer and essayist. He broke with existing literary forms and developed a new type of semi-autobiographical novel that blended character study, social criticism, philosophical reflection, [[stream of consciousness]], explicit language, sex, [[Surrealism|surrealist]] [[free association (psychology)|free association]], and [[mysticism]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shifreen |first=Lawrence J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ElVVBDrVTyYC&q=Henry+Miller&pg=PP1 |title=Henry Miller: a Bibliography of Secondary Sources |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |year=1979 |isbn=9780810811713 |pages=75–77 |quote=...Miller's metamorphosis and his acceptance of the cosmos.}}</ref><ref>[[Mary Dearborn|Mary V. Dearborn]], ''The Happiest Man Alive: A Biography of Henry Miller'', New York: [[Simon & Schuster]], 1991, p 12.</ref> His most characteristic works of this kind are ''[[Tropic of Cancer (novel)|Tropic of Cancer]]'', ''[[Black Spring (novel)|Black Spring]]'', ''[[Tropic of Capricorn (novel)|Tropic of Capricorn]]'', and the trilogy ''[[The Rosy Crucifixion]]'', which are based on his experiences in New York City and Paris (all of which were banned in the United States until 1961).<ref>[http://www.thefileroom.org/documents/dyn/DisplayCase.cfm/id/1275 "Henry Miller's novels censored and banned in US due to their sexually explicitly content,"] FileRoom.org, 2001.</ref> He also wrote travel memoirs and literary criticism, and painted watercolors.<ref>[http://www.henrymiller.info/gallery/ "Gallery,"] henrymiller.info. Accessed August 31, 2013.</ref>

==Early life==
Miller was born at his family's home, 450 East 85th Street, in the [[Yorkville, Manhattan|Yorkville]] section of Manhattan, New York City. He was the son of [[Lutheran]] German parents, Louise Marie (Neiting) and tailor Heinrich Miller.<ref>Dearborn, ''The Happiest Man Alive'', pp. 20–22.</ref> As a child, he lived for nine years at 662 Driggs Avenue in [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn]],<ref>Jake Mooney, [https://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/03/nyregion/thecity/03mill.html "'Ideal Street' Seeks Eternal Life,"] ''[[The New York Times]]'', May 1, 2009.</ref> known at that time (and referred to frequently in his works) as the Fourteenth [[Ward (electoral subdivision)|Ward]]. In 1900, his family moved to 1063 Decatur Street in the [[Bushwick]] section of Brooklyn.<ref>Dearborn, ''The Happiest Man Alive'', p. 36.</ref> Although his family remained in Bushwick, Miller attended [[Eastern District High School]] in Williamsburg after finishing elementary school.<ref>Dearborn, ''The Happiest Man Alive'', p. 38.</ref> As a young man, he was active with the [[Socialist Party of America]] (his "quondam idol" was the black Socialist [[Hubert Harrison]]).<ref>[http://www.dartmouth.edu/~upne/features/harrisonex.html Introduction] from ''A Hubert Harrison Reader'', University Press of New England</ref> He attended the [[City College of New York]] for one semester.<ref>Dearborn, ''The Happiest Man Alive'', p. 42.</ref>

==Career==

===Brooklyn, 1917–1930===
Miller married his first wife, Beatrice Sylvas Wickens, in 1917;<ref>[[Frederick W. Turner|Frederick Turner]], ''Renegade: Henry Miller and the Making of'' Tropic of Cancer, New Haven: [[Yale University Press]], 2011, pp. 88, 104.</ref> their divorce was granted on December 21, 1923.<ref>Dearborn, ''The Happiest Man Alive'', p. 85.</ref> Together they had a daughter, Barbara, born in 1919.<ref>Robert Ferguson, ''Henry Miller: A Life'', New York: [[W. W. Norton & Company]], 1991, p. 60.</ref> They lived in an apartment at 244 6th Avenue in [[Park Slope, Brooklyn]].<ref>Dearborn, ''The Happiest Man Alive'', p. 59.</ref> At the time, Miller was working at [[Western Union]]; he worked there from 1920 to 1924, as personnel manager in the messenger department. In March 1922, during a three-week vacation, he wrote his first novel, ''Clipped Wings''. It has never been published, and only fragments remain, although parts of it were recycled in other works, such as ''[[Tropic of Capricorn (novel)|Tropic of Capricorn]]''.<ref>Dearborn, ''The Happiest Man Alive'', pp. 70–73.</ref> A study of twelve Western Union messengers, ''Clipped Wings'' was characterized by Miller as "a long book and probably a very bad one."<ref>Henry Miller (ed. Antony Fine), ''Henry Miller: Stories, Essays, Travel Sketches'', New York: MJF Books, 1992, p. 5.</ref>

In 1923, while he was still married to Beatrice, Miller met and became enamored of a mysterious dance-hall ingénue who was born Juliet Edith Smerth but went by the stage-name [[June Miller|June Mansfield]]. She was 21 at the time.<ref>Dearborn, ''The Happiest Man Alive'', pp. 78–80.</ref> They began an affair, and were married on June 1, 1924.<ref>Dearborn, ''The Happiest Man Alive'', p. 87.</ref> In 1924 Miller quit Western Union in order to dedicate himself completely to writing.<ref name="gwickes">{{Cite journal |last=Wickes |first=George |date=Summer–Fall 1962 |title=Henry Miller, The Art of Fiction No. 28 |url=http://www.theparisreview.org/interviews/4597/the-art-of-fiction-no-28-henry-miller |journal=The Paris Review |volume=Summer-Fall 1962 |issue=28}}</ref> He later describes this time – his struggles to become a writer, his sexual escapades, his failures, his friends, his philosophy – in his autobiographical trilogy ''[[The Rosy Crucifixion]]''.

Miller's second novel, ''[[Moloch: or, This Gentile World]]'', was written in 1927–28, initially under the guise of a novel written by his wife Juliet (June).<ref name="pw">[http://www.publishersweekly.com/978-0-8021-1419-8 "Moloch, Or, This Gentile World,"] ''[[Publishers Weekly]]'', September 28, 1992.</ref> A rich older admirer of June, Roland Freedman, paid her to write the novel; she would show him pages of Miller's work each week, pretending it was hers.<ref name="mdearborn">Mary V. Dearborn, "Introduction," ''Moloch: or, This Gentile World'', New York: [[Grove Press]], 1992, pp. vii–xv.</ref> The book went unpublished until 1992, 65 years after it was written and 12 years after Miller's death.<ref name="pw" /> ''Moloch'' is based on Miller's first marriage, to Beatrice, and his years working as a personnel manager at the Western Union office in [[Lower Manhattan]].<ref name="rferguson1">Ferguson, ''Henry Miller: A Life'', pp. 156–58.</ref> A third novel written around this time, ''Crazy Cock'', also went unpublished until after Miller's death. Initially titled ''Lovely Lesbians'', ''Crazy Cock'' (along with his later novel ''Nexus'') told the story of June's close relationship with the artist Marion, whom June had renamed Jean Kronski. Kronski lived with Miller and June from 1926 until 1927, when June and Kronski went to Paris together, leaving Miller behind, which upset him greatly. Miller suspected the pair of having a lesbian relationship. While in Paris, June and Kronski did not get along, and June returned to Miller several months later.<ref>Dearborn, ''The Happiest Man Alive'', pp. 102–17.</ref> Kronski committed suicide around 1930.<ref>Dearborn, ''The Happiest Man Alive'', p. 119.</ref>

===Paris, 1930–1939===
[[File:P1110205 Paris XIV villa Seurat rwk.JPG|thumb|Villa Seurat in Paris, where Henry Miller lived]]

In 1928, Miller spent several months in Paris with June, a trip which was financed by Freedman.<ref name="rferguson1"/> One day on a Paris street, Miller met another author, [[Robert W. Service]], who recalled the story in his autobiography: "Soon we got into conversation which turned to books. For a stripling he spoke with some authority, turning into ridicule the pretentious scribes of the Latin Quarter and their freak magazine."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://robertwservice.blogspot.com/2015/05/henry-miller-1891-1980.html|title=Henry Miller (1891–1980)|website=robertwservice.blogspot.com|access-date=March 15, 2018}}</ref> In 1930, Miller moved to Paris unaccompanied.<ref name="canderson">{{Cite web |url=http://www.bonjourparis.com/story/henry-miller-born-to-be-wild/ |title=Henry Miller: Born to be Wild |last=Anderson |first=Christiann |date=March 2004 |website=BonjourParis |access-date=September 30, 2011}}</ref> Soon after, he began work on ''[[Tropic of Cancer (novel)|Tropic of Cancer]]'', writing to a friend, "I start tomorrow on the Paris book: First person, uncensored, formless – fuck everything!"<ref>Alexander Nazaryan, [http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/books/2013/05/henry-miller-brooklyn-hater.html "Henry Miller, Brooklyn Hater,"] ''[[The New Yorker]]'', May 10, 2013.</ref> Although Miller had little or no money the first year in Paris, things began to change after meeting [[Anaïs Nin]] who, with [[Hugh Parker Guiler|Hugh Guiler]], went on to pay his entire way through the 1930s including the rent for an apartment at 18 Villa Seurat. Nin became his lover and financed the first printing of ''Tropic of Cancer'' in 1934 with money from [[Otto Rank]].<ref>Dearborn, ''The Happiest Man Alive'', p. 171.</ref> She would write extensively in her journals about her relationship with Miller and his wife June; the first volume, covering the years 1931–34, was published in 1966.<ref name="canderson" /> Late in 1934, June divorced Miller by proxy in Mexico City.<ref>Dearborn, ''The Happiest Man Alive'', p. 174.</ref>

In 1931, Miller was employed by the ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' Paris edition as a [[proofreading|proofreader]], thanks to his friend [[Alfred Perles|Alfred Perlès]], who worked there. Miller took this opportunity to submit some of his own articles under Perlès' name, since at that time only the editorial staff were permitted to publish in the paper. This period in Paris was highly creative for Miller, and during this time he also established a significant and influential network of authors circulating around the Villa Seurat.<ref>Gifford, James. Ed. '' The Henry Miller-Herbert Read Letters: 1935–58''. Ann Arbor: Roger Jackson Inc., 2007.</ref> At that time a young British author, [[Lawrence Durrell]], became a lifelong friend. Miller's correspondence with Durrell was later published in two books.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Lawrence Durrell & Henry Miller: A Private Correspondence |publisher=Dutton |year=1963 |editor-last=Wickes |editor-first=George |location=New York |oclc=188175}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=The Durrell-Miller Letters 1935–80 |publisher=Faber |year=1988 |isbn=0-571-15036-5 |editor-last=MacNiven |editor-first=Ian S |location=London}}</ref> During his Paris period he was also influenced by the French [[Surrealism|Surrealists]].

His works contain detailed accounts of sexual experiences. His first published book, ''[[Tropic of Cancer (novel)|Tropic of Cancer]]'' (1934), was published by [[Obelisk Press]] in Paris and banned in the United States on the grounds of obscenity.<ref name="Baron">{{Cite web |url=http://illinois.edu/db/view/25/12046 |title=Celebrate Banned Books Week: Read Now, Before It's Too Late |last=Baron |first=Dennis |date=October 1, 2009 |website=Web of Language |publisher=University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign |access-date=September 30, 2011 |archive-date=May 11, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200511232805/https://illinois.edu/db/view/25/12046 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The dust jacket came wrapped with a warning: "Not to be imported into the United States or Great Britain."<ref name="ahoyle051414">Arthur Hoyle, [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/arthur-hoyle/remember-henry-miller_b_5320782.html "Remember Henry Miller? Censored Then, Forgotten Now,"] ''[[Huffington Post]]'', May 14, 2014.</ref> He continued to write novels that were banned; along with ''Tropic of Cancer'', his ''[[Black Spring (novel)|Black Spring]]'' (1936) and ''[[Tropic of Capricorn (novel)|Tropic of Capricorn]]'' (1939) were smuggled into his native country, building Miller an underground reputation. While the aforementioned novels remained banned in the US for over two decades, in 1939, [[New Directions Publishing|New Directions]] published ''The Cosmological Eye'', Miller's first book to be published in America. The collection contained short prose pieces, most of which originally appeared in ''Black Spring'' and ''Max and the White Phagocytes'' (1938).<ref>Arthur Hoyle, ''The Unknown Henry Miller: A Seeker in Big Sur'', New York: [[Arcade Publishing]], 2014, pp. 23, 38–39.</ref>

Miller became fluent in French during his ten-year stay in Paris and lived in France until June 1939.<ref name="hieronymus">Henry Miller, ''Big Sur and the Oranges of Hieronymus Bosch'', New York: [[New Directions Publishing|New Directions]], 1957, pp. 1–2.</ref> During the late 1930s he also learned about German-born sailor [[George Dibbern]], helped to promote his memoire ''Quest'' and organized charity to help him.

===Greece, 1939–1940===
In 1939 [[Lawrence Durrell]], British novelist who was living in [[Corfu]], Greece, invited Miller to Greece. Miller described the visit in ''[[The Colossus of Maroussi]]'' (1941), which he considered his best book.<ref name="gwickes" /> One of the first acknowledgments of Henry Miller as a major modern writer was by [[George Orwell]] in his 1940 essay "[[Inside the Whale]]", where he wrote:

{{blockquote|Here in my opinion is the only imaginative prose-writer of the slightest value who has appeared among the English-speaking races for some years past. Even if that is objected to as an overstatement, it will probably be admitted that Miller is a writer out of the ordinary, worth more than a single glance; and after all, he is a completely negative, unconstructive, amoral writer, a mere [[Jonah]], a passive acceptor of evil, a sort of Whitman among the corpses.<ref>Orwell, George [http://www.netcharles.com/orwell/essays/inside-the-whale1.htm "Inside the Whale"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050802085103/http://www.netcharles.com/orwell/essays/inside-the-whale1.htm |date=2005-08-02 }}, London: Victor Gollancz Ltd., 1940.</ref>}}

===California, 1942–1980===
[[File:Henry Miller Landscape Watercolor 1957.jpg|thumb|A 1957 watercolor by Miller.]]
In 1940, Miller returned to New York. After a year-long trip around the United States, a journey that would become material for ''[[The Air-Conditioned Nightmare]]'', he moved to California in June 1942, initially residing just outside [[Hollywood, Los Angeles|Hollywood]] in [[Beverly Glen]], before settling in [[Big Sur]] in 1944.<ref name="hieronymus"/> While Miller was establishing his base in Big Sur, the ''Tropic'' books, then still banned in the US,<ref>For details re the ban in the United States, see e.g., [[Tropic of Cancer (novel)#Legal issues]].</ref> were being published in France by the [[Obelisk Press]] and later the [[Olympia Press]]. There they were acquiring a slow and steady notoriety among both Europeans and the various enclaves of American cultural exiles. As a result, the books were frequently smuggled into the States, where they proved to be a major influence on the new [[Beat Generation]] of American writers, most notably [[Jack Kerouac]], the only Beat writer Miller truly cared for.<ref>Dearborn, ''The Happiest Man Alive'', pp. 286–87.</ref> By the time his banned books were published in the 1960s and he was becoming increasingly well-known, Miller was no longer interested in his image as an outlaw writer of smut-filled books; however, he eventually gave up fighting the image.<ref>Dearborn, ''The Happiest Man Alive'', p. 279.</ref>

In 1942, shortly before moving to California, Miller began writing ''Sexus'', the first novel in ''[[The Rosy Crucifixion]]'' trilogy, a fictionalized account documenting the six-year period of his life in Brooklyn falling in love with June and struggling to become a writer.<ref>Ferguson, ''Henry Miller: A Life'', p. 295.</ref> Like several of his other works, the trilogy, completed in 1959, was initially banned in the United States, published only in France and Japan.<ref>Frank Getlein, [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=okgaAAAAIBAJ&sjid=fiYEAAAAIBAJ&pg=1854,4861215&dq=henry+miller&hl=en "Henry Miller's Crowded Simple Life,"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923115849/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=okgaAAAAIBAJ&sjid=fiYEAAAAIBAJ&pg=1854,4861215&dq=henry+miller&hl=en |date=September 23, 2015 }} ''[[Milwaukee Journal]]'', June 9, 1957.</ref>
Miller lived in a small house on Partington Ridge from 1944 to 1947, along with other bohemian writers like [[Harry Partch]], Emil White, and Jean Varda.<ref>{{cite web |title=Anderson Canyon :: Big Sur, California |url=http://www.andersoncanyon.com/history.php |access-date=January 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090319054450/http://www.andersoncanyon.com/history.php |archive-date=March 19, 2009}}</ref> While living there, he wrote "Into the Nightlife". He writes about his fellow artists who lived at Anderson Creek as the Anderson Creek Gang in ''[[Big Sur and the Oranges of Hieronymus Bosch]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://henrymiller.org/2014/02/03/miller-on-february-in-big-sur/ |title=Miller on February in Big Sur.... |date=February 3, 2014 |access-date=January 6, 2020 |archive-date=September 20, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160920014159/https://henrymiller.org/2014/02/03/miller-on-february-in-big-sur/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Miller paid $5 per month rent for his shack on the property.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.henrymiller.org/pingpong2008p183.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101123063907/http://www.henrymiller.org/pingpong2008p183.pdf|url-status=dead|title=PingPong, 2008|archive-date=November 23, 2010}}</ref>

In other works written during his time in California, Miller was widely critical of consumerism in America, as reflected in ''Sunday After the War'' (1944) and ''The Air-Conditioned Nightmare'' (1945). His ''[[Big Sur and the Oranges of Hieronymus Bosch]]'', published in 1957, is a collection of stories about his life and friends in Big Sur.<ref>Dearborn, ''The Happiest Man Alive'', pp. 263–64.</ref>

[[File:Aankomst op Schiphol van de Amerikaanse schrijver Henry F. Miller, Bestanddeelnr 910-3816.jpg|thumb|Miller (1959)]]
In 1944, Miller met and married his third wife, Janina Martha Lepska, a philosophy student who was 30 years his junior.<ref name="canderson" /> They had two children: a son, Tony, and a daughter, Valentine.<ref>Barbara Kraft, [http://www.laobserved.com/visiting/2012/01/anas_nin_and_henry_miller_in_l.php "Hanging in LA with Anaïs Nin (and Henry Miller),"] ''LA Observed'', January 24, 2012.</ref> They divorced in 1952. The following year, he married artist Eve McClure, who was 37 years his junior. They divorced in 1960,<ref name="canderson" /> and she died in 1966, likely as a result of alcoholism.<ref>Ferguson, ''Henry Miller: A Life'', p. 356.</ref> In 1961, Miller arranged a reunion in New York with his ex-wife and main subject of ''The Rosy Crucifixion'' trilogy, June. They had not seen each other in nearly three decades. In a letter to Eve, he described his shock at June's "terrible" appearance, as she had by then degenerated both physically and mentally.<ref>Dearborn, ''The Happiest Man Alive'', p. 280.</ref>

In 1948, Miller wrote a novella which he called his "most singular story," a work of fiction entitled "The Smile at the Foot of the Ladder".

In February 1963, Miller moved to 444 Ocampo Drive, [[Pacific Palisades, Los Angeles|Pacific Palisades]], Los Angeles, California, where he would spend the last 17 years of his life.<ref>Ferguson, ''Henry Miller: A Life'', p. 351.</ref> In 1967, Miller married his fifth wife, Japanese born singer Hoki Tokuda ([[:ja:ホキ徳田]]).<ref name=Tokuda>Carolyn Kellogg, [http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/jacketcopy/2011/02/henry-millers-last-wife-hoki-tokuda.html "Henry Miller's last wife, Hoki Tokuda, remembers him, um, fondly?"], ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'', February 23, 2011.</ref><ref>John M. Glionna, [https://www.latimes.com/world/la-xpm-2011-feb-22-la-fg-henry-miller-wife-20110222-story.html "A story only Henry Miller could love"], ''Los Angeles Times'', February 22, 2011.</ref> In 1968, Miller signed the "[[List of historical acts of tax resistance#Vietnam War, 1968–72|Writers and Editors War Tax Protest]]" pledge, vowing to refuse tax payments in protest against the Vietnam War.<ref>"Writers and Editors War Tax Protest," ''[[New York Post]]'', January 30, 1968.</ref> After his move to Ocampo Drive, he held dinner parties for the artistic and literary figures of the time. His cook and caretaker was a young [[model (art)|artist's model]] named [[Twinka Thiebaud]] who later wrote a book about his evening chats.<ref>Thiebaud, Twinka. ''Reflections: Henry Miller''. Santa Barbara, CA: [[Capra Press]], 1981. {{ISBN|0-88496-166-4}}</ref> Thiebaud's memories of Miller's table talk were published in a rewritten and retitled book in 2011.<ref>Thiebaud, Twinka. ''What Doncha Know? about Henry Miller''. Belvedere, CA: [[Eio Books]], 2011. {{ISBN|978-0-9759255-2-2}}</ref>

Only 200 copies of Miller's 1972 [[chapbook]] ''On Turning Eighty'' were published. Published by Capra Press, in collaboration with Yes! Press, it was the first volume of the "Yes! Capra" chapbook series and is 34 pages in length.<ref name="Miller1972">{{Cite book |last=Miller |first=Henry |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsmwAAAAIAAJ |title=On turning eighty; Journey to an antique land; foreword to The angel is my watermark |publisher=Capra Press |year=1972 |isbn=978-0-912264-43-1}}</ref> The book contains three essays on topics such as aging and living a meaningful life. In relation to reaching 80 years of age, Miller explains:

{{blockquote|
If at eighty you're not a cripple or an invalid, if you have your health, if you still enjoy a good walk, a good meal (with all the trimmings), if you can sleep without first taking a pill, if birds and flowers, mountains and sea still inspire you, you are a most fortunate individual and you should get down on your knees morning and night and thank the good Lord for his savin' and keepin' power.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.farnamstreetblog.com/2014/08/henry-miller-on-turning-eighty/ |title=Henry Miller on Turning 80, Fighting Evil, And Why Life is the Best Teacher |last=Parrish |first=Shane |date=11 August 2014 |website=Farnham Street Blog |access-date=17 August 2014}}</ref>}}

In [[1973 Nobel Prize in Literature|1973]], Miller was nominated for the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]] by professor of the [[University of Copenhagen]] Allan Philip (1927–2004).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sa-admin.lb.se/assets/a97cceda-c3ff-499c-b248-1c25c91fb23f.pdf/F%C3%B6rslagslista%201973.pdf|title=Nobelarkivet-1973|website=svenskaakademien.se|access-date=2 January 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/archive/show_people.php?id=16810|title=Nomination Archive - Henry Valentine Miller|website=NobelPrize.org|date=March 2024|access-date=14 March 2024}}</ref>

Miller and Tokuda divorced in 1977.<ref name=Tokuda/> Then in his late 80s, Miller filmed with [[Warren Beatty]] for the 1981 film ''[[Reds (film)|Reds]]'', which was also directed by Beatty. He spoke of his remembrances of [[John Reed (journalist)|John Reed]] and [[Louise Bryant]] as part of a series of "witnesses". The film was released eighteen months after Miller's death.<ref>[[Vincent Canby]], [https://www.nytimes.com/1981/12/04/movies/beatty-s-reds-with-diane-keaton.html "Beatty's 'Reds,' With Diane Keaton,"] ''New York Times'', December 4, 1981.</ref> During the last four years of his life, Miller held an ongoing correspondence of over 1,500 letters with [[Brenda Venus]], a young ''[[Playboy]]'' model and columnist, actress and dancer. A book about their correspondence was published by William Morrow, NY, in 1986.<ref>''Dear, Dear Brenda: The Love Letters of Henry Miller to Brenda Venus''. New York: William Morrow, 1986. {{ISBN|0-688-02816-0}}</ref>

==Death==
Miller died of circulatory complications at his home in Pacific Palisades, Los Angeles, on June 7, 1980, at the age of 88.<ref>Alden Whitman, [https://www.nytimes.com/1980/06/09/archives/henry-miller-88-dies-in-california-a-credo-of-hedonism-henry-miller.html "Henry Miller, 88, Dies in California,"] ''[[The New York Times]]'', June 10, 1980.</ref> His body was cremated and his ashes shared between his son Tony and daughter Val. Tony has stated that he ultimately intends to have his own ashes mixed with those of his father and scattered in [[Big Sur]].<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b037706h "Playing Ping Pong With Henry Miller,"] [[BBC Radio 4]], July 25, 2013.</ref>

==US publication of previously banned works==
The publication of Miller's ''[[Tropic of Cancer (novel)|Tropic of Cancer]]'' in the United States in 1961 by [[Grove Press]] led to a series of obscenity trials that tested American laws on pornography. The [[Supreme Court of the United States|U.S. Supreme Court]], in ''Grove Press, Inc., v. Gerstein'', citing ''[[Jacobellis v. Ohio]]'' (which was decided the same day in 1964), overruled the state court findings of [[obscenity]] and declared the book a work of literature. This was one of the signature events of the [[sexual revolution]]. [[Elmer Gertz]], the lawyer who successfully argued the initial case for the novel's publication in [[Illinois]], became Miller's lifelong friend; a volume of their correspondence has been published.<ref>{{cite book |editor1= Gertz, Elmer |editor2=Felice Flanery Lewis | title = Henry Miller: Years of Trial & Triumph, 1962–1964: The Correspondence of Henry Miller and Elmer Gertz | publisher = Southern Illinois University Press | location = Carbondale | year = 1978 | isbn = 0-8093-0860-6 | url-access = registration | url = https://archive.org/details/henrymilleryears0000mill }}</ref> Following the trial, in 1964–65, Miller's other books, which had also been banned in the US, were published by [[Grove Press]]: ''[[Black Spring (novel)|Black Spring]]'', ''[[Tropic of Capricorn (novel)|Tropic of Capricorn]]'', ''[[Quiet Days in Clichy (novel)|Quiet Days in Clichy]]'', ''[[Sexus (The Rosy Crucifixion)|Sexus]]'', ''Plexus'' and ''Nexus''.<ref>Henry Miller, Preface to ''[[Big Sur and the Oranges of Hieronymus Bosch]]'', New York: [[New Directions Publishing|New Directions]], 1957, p. ix.</ref> Excerpts from some of these banned books, including ''Tropic of Cancer'', ''Black Spring'' and ''Sexus'', were first published in the US by [[New Directions Publishing|New Directions]] in ''The Henry Miller Reader'' in 1959.<ref>Harry T. Moore, [https://www.nytimes.com/1959/12/20/archives/hardboiled-eloquence-the-henry-miller-reader-edited-with-an.html "Hard-Boiled Eloquence,"] ''New York Times'', December 20, 1959.</ref><ref>Henry Miller, "Author's Preface," ''The Henry Miller Reader'', New York: New Directions, 1959, p. xv.</ref>

==Watercolors==
In addition to his literary accomplishments, Miller produced numerous [[watercolor painting]]s and wrote books on this field. He was a close friend of the French painter [[Grégoire Michonze]]. It is estimated that Miller painted 2,000 watercolors during his life, and that 50 or more major collections of Miller's paintings exist.<ref>{{cite web|author=Coast Publishing |title=Henry Miller: The Centennial Print Collection |url=http://www.coastgalleries.com/miller/miller_catalog.pdf |access-date=September 29, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110323031723/http://www.coastgalleries.com/miller/miller_catalog.pdf |archive-date=March 23, 2011 }}</ref> The [[Harry Ransom Center]] at the [[University of Texas at Austin]] holds a selection of Miller's watercolors,<ref>{{cite web|title=Henry Miller: An Inventory of His Art Collection at the Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center|url=http://research.hrc.utexas.edu:8080/hrcxtf/view?docId=ead%2F00221.xml|access-date=September 29, 2011|archive-date=March 1, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301184605/http://research.hrc.utexas.edu:8080/hrcxtf/view?docId=ead%2F00221.xml|url-status=dead}}</ref> as did the Henry Miller Museum of Art in [[Ōmachi, Nagano|Ōmachi City]] in [[Nagano Prefecture|Nagano]], Japan, before closing in 2001.<ref>{{cite news |title=Henry Miller Art Museum to Close |url=http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20010831b7.html |newspaper=Japan Times |date=August 31, 2001 |access-date=September 26, 2011}}</ref> Miller's daughter Valentine placed some of her father's art for sale in 2005.<ref>{{cite web|author = Miller, Valentine|title=Henry Miller: A Personal Collection|year=2005|url=http://www.henrymiller.info|access-date=September 29, 2011}}</ref> He was also an amateur pianist.<ref>Dearborn, ''The Happiest Man Alive'', p. 291.</ref>

==Literary archives==

Miller's papers can be found in the following library [[special collections]]:
* [[Southern Illinois University Carbondale]], which has correspondence and other archival collections.<ref>{{cite web|author=Southern Illinois University Special Collections Research Center|title=Search Results for "Henry Miller"|url=http://archives.lib.siu.edu/index.php?p=core%2Fsearch&q=Henry+Miller&content=1|access-date=September 29, 2011|archive-date=April 1, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120401102748/http://archives.lib.siu.edu/index.php?p=core%2Fsearch&q=Henry+Miller&content=1|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Syracuse University]], which holds a portion of the correspondence between the Grove Press and Henry Miller.<ref>{{cite web|title=Grove Press Records: an inventory of its records at Syracuse University |url=http://library.syr.edu/digital/guides/g/grove_press.htm|access-date=September 29, 2011}}</ref>
* [[Charles E. Young Research Library]] of the [[University of California, Los Angeles Library]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Finding Aid for the Henry Miller Papers, 1896–1984, 1930–1980|url=http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/tf9t1nb6z6|access-date=September 29, 2011}}</ref>
* [[Harry Ransom Center]] at the [[University of Texas at Austin]], which has materials about Miller from his first wife and their daughter.<ref>{{cite web|title=Beatrice Wickens Miller Sandford and Barbara Miller Sandford: A Preliminary Inventory of Their Collection of Henry Miller in the Manuscript Collection at the Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center|url=http://research.hrc.utexas.edu:8080/hrcxtf/view?docId=ead%2F00458.xml|access-date=September 29, 2011|archive-date=March 30, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330062325/http://research.hrc.utexas.edu:8080/hrcxtf/view?docId=ead%2F00458.xml|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[University of Victoria]], which holds a significant collection of Miller's manuscripts and correspondence, including the corrected typescripts for ''Max'' and ''Quiet Days in Clichy'', as well as Miller's lengthy correspondence with Alfred Perlès.<ref>{{cite book|author = University of Victoria Library| title=Henry Miller collection |url=http://voyager.library.uvic.ca/vwebv/holdingsInfo?bibId=2020493|access-date=September 29, 2011}}</ref>
* [[University of Virginia]].<ref>{{cite web|author = University of Virginia Library|title=Search results for "Henry Miller"|url=http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/search?text=%22Henry+Miller%22|access-date=September 29, 2011}}</ref>
* [[Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library]], [[Yale University Library]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Yale University Library|title=Guide to the Henry Miller Papers|url=http://drs.library.yale.edu:8083/fedora/get/beinecke:millerh/PDF|access-date=September 29, 2011}}{{Dead link|date=January 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
* [[University of Pennsylvania Libraries]], Philadelphia, PA.<ref name=UPenn>{{cite web|title=Henry Miller papers|url=http://hdl.library.upenn.edu/1017/d/ead/upenn_rbml_PUSpMsColl973|website=University of Pennsylvania Libraries|access-date=April 17, 2015}}</ref>

Miller's friend Emil White founded the nonprofit [[Henry Miller Memorial Library]] in Big Sur in 1981.<ref name=HMML>{{cite web|title=About the Henry Miller Library|url=http://www.henrymiller.org/library.html|access-date=September 29, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927172810/http://www.henrymiller.org/library.html|archive-date=September 27, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> This houses a collection of his works and celebrates his literary, artistic and cultural legacy by providing a public gallery as well as performance and workshop spaces for artists, musicians, students, and writers.<ref name=HMML/>

==Literary references==

Miller is considered a "literary innovator" in whose works "actual and imagined experiences became indistinguishable from each other."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sipper |first=Ralph B. |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-01-06-bk-10584-story.html |title=Miller's Tale: Henry Hits 100 |date=January 6, 1991 |work=Los Angeles Times |access-date=September 26, 2011}}</ref> His books did much to free the discussion of sexual subjects in American writing from both legal and social restrictions. He influenced many writers, including [[Lojze Kovačič]], [[Richard Brautigan]], [[Jack Kerouac]], [[Norman Mailer]], [[Vitomil Zupan]], [[Philip Roth]], [[Cormac McCarthy]], [[Paul Theroux]] and [[Erica Jong]].<ref name="ahoyle051414"/>

Throughout his novels he makes references to other works of literature; he cites [[Fyodor Dostoyevsky]], [[Joris-Karl Huysmans]], [[Balzac]] and [[Nietzsche]] as having a formative impact on him.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.shmoop.com/tropic-of-cancer/allusions.html |title=Tropic of Cancer Allusions |access-date=February 12, 2015 |archive-date=February 12, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150212192555/http://www.shmoop.com/tropic-of-cancer/allusions.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

''[[Tropic of Cancer (novel)|Tropic of Cancer]]'' is referenced in [[Junot Díaz]]'s 2007 book ''[[The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao]]'' as being read by Ana Obregón. Miller's legal difficulties, ''Tropic of Cancer'' and ''[[Tropic of Capricorn (novel)|Tropic of Capricorn]]'' are mentioned in [[Denis Johnson]]'s 2007 novel ''[[Tree of Smoke]]'', in a conversation between Skip Sands and his uncle, Colonel Sands. Miller is mentioned again later in the novel.<ref>[[Denis Johnson]], ''[[Tree of Smoke]]'', New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, pp. 386, 415.</ref> Miller's relationship with [[June Miller|June Mansfield]] is the subject of [[Ida Therén]]'s 2020 novel ''[[Att omfamna ett vattenfall]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Att omfamna ett vattenfall|url=http://www.nok.se:8002/titlar/allmanlitteratur-skonlitteratur/att-omfamna-ett-vattenfall/|access-date=September 2, 2020|website=www.nok.se|language=sv}}{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==Bibliography==
{{Main|Henry Miller bibliography}}

==Films==

===Miller as himself===
Miller appeared as himself in several films:<ref>{{IMDb name|0588469|Henry Miller}}</ref>
* He was the subject of four documentary films by [[Robert Snyder (filmmaker)|Robert Snyder]]; ''[[The Henry Miller Odyssey]]'' (1969; 90 minutes), ''Henry Miller: Reflections On Writing'' (47 minutes), and ''Henry Miller Reads and Muses'' (60 minutes). In addition, there is a film by Snyder that was completed after Snyder's death in 2004 about Miller's watercolor paintings, ''Henry Miller: To Paint Is To Love Again'' (60 minutes). All four films are in Miller's own words.
* He was a "witness" (interviewee) in [[Warren Beatty]]'s 1981 film ''[[Reds (film)|Reds]]''.<ref>[https://www.tcm.com/this-month/article/90474|0/Reds.html "Reds" by Steinberg, Jay S.] Turner Classic Movies. Retrieved May 15, 2013.</ref>
* He was featured in the 1996 documentary ''[[Henry Miller Is Not Dead]]'' that featured music by [[Laurie Anderson]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://movingimages.ca/store/products.php?henry_miller|title= Henry Miller Is Not Dead|access-date= September 26, 2011|publisher= Moving Images Distribution Society|archive-date= March 7, 2012|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120307025506/http://movingimages.ca/store/products.php?henry_miller|url-status= dead}}</ref>
* ''Henry Miller: Prophet der Lüste ([[Henry Miller: Prophet of Desire]])'', a biographical documentary TV movie in 2017 by a German director [[Gero von Boehm]], which also features [[Erica Jong]], [[Brassaï]], and [[Anaïs Nin]].

===Actors portraying Miller===
Several actors played Miller on film, such as:
* [[Rip Torn]] in the [[Tropic of Cancer (film)|1970 film]] adaptation of ''[[Tropic of Cancer (novel)|Tropic of Cancer]]''.
* In the [[Quiet Days in Clichy (1970 film)|1970 film]] adaptation of ''[[Quiet Days in Clichy (novel)|Quiet Days in Clichy]]'', the Miller-based character of 'Joey' was played by [[Paul Valjean]].
* [[Fred Ward]] in the 1990 film ''[[Henry & June]]'', based on the diaries of [[Anaïs Nin]].
* [[David Brandon (actor)|David Brandon]] in the 1990 film ''The Room of Words ({{lang|it|La stanza delle parole}})'', also based on Nin's diaries.
* [[Claude Chabrol]]'s [[Quiet Days in Clichy (1990 film)|1990 film]] adaptation of ''[[Quiet Days in Clichy (novel)|Quiet Days in Clichy]]'' saw [[Andrew McCarthy]] play Miller.
* In ''[[Mara (2015 film)|Mara]]'' (2015), a short film by [[Mike Figgis]], a dramatization of Mara-Marignan from [[Quiet Days in Clichy (novel)|Quiet Days in Clichy]] he was portrayed by [[Scott Glenn]], while Mara by [[Juliette Binoche]]. The 20 minute film was originally shot and broadcast as part of [[HBO]]'s anthology film [[Women & Men 2]] (1991).
* In 2018 [[Trevor White (actor)|Trevor White]] in the TV series ''[[The Durrells in Corfu]]'' season 3, episodes 3 and 7, as recurring role.

==References==
{{reflist|30}}

==Further reading==
* Rejaunier, Jeanne. ''My Sundays With Henry Miller: A Memoir'', Scotts Valley, California: [[CreateSpace]], 2013. {{ISBN|978-1492195726}}
* [[Kenneth Rexroth|Rexroth, Kenneth]]. [http://www.bopsecrets.org/rexroth/henrymiller.htm "The Reality of Henry Miller"] and [http://www.bopsecrets.org/rexroth/essays/henry-miller.htm "Henry Miller: The Iconoclast as Everyman's Friend"] (1955–1962 essays)
* [[Lawrence Durrell|Durrell, Lawrence]], editor. ''The Henry Miller Reader'', New York: [[New Directions Publishing]], 1959. {{ISBN|0-8112-0111-2}}
* [[Widmer, Kingsley]]. ''Henry Miller'', New York: Twayne, 1963.
** Revised edition, Boston: Twayne, 1990. {{ISBN|0-8057-7607-9}}
* Wickes, George, and Harry Thornton Moore. ''Henry Miller and the Critics'', Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1963.
* Wickes, George. ''Henry Miller'', Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1966.
* Gordon, William A. ''The Mind and Art of Henry Miller'', Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1967.
* Dick, Kenneth C. ''Henry Miller: Colossus of One'', Holland: Alberts, 1967.
* [[Brassaï]]. ''Henry Miller: The Paris Years'', New York: Arcade Publishing, 1975. {{ISBN|978-1-61145-028-6}}
* [[Norman Mailer|Mailer, Norman]]. ''Genius and Lust: a Journey Through the Major Writings of Henry Miller'', New York: Grove Press, 1976. {{ISBN|0-8021-0127-5}}
* Martin, Jay. ''Always Merry and Bright: The Life of Henry Miller'', Santa Barbara, CA: Capra Press, 1978. {{ISBN|0-88496-082-X}}
* Kraft, Barbara. ''A Conversation with Henry Miller'', Michigan: Michigan Quarterly Review, Published at The University of Michigan, 1981.
* Kraft, Barbara. ''An Open Letter to Henry Miller'', Paris, France: Handshake Editions, 1982.
* Young, Noel, editor. ''The Paintings of Henry Miller: Paint as You Like and Die Happy'', Santa Barbara, CA: Capra Press, 1982. {{ISBN|0-87701-280-6}}
* [[Anaïs Nin|Nin, Anaïs]]. ''[[Henry and June|Henry and June: From the Unexpurgated Diary of Anaïs Nin]]'', Orlando: Harcourt Brace, 1986. {{ISBN|978-0-15-140003-4}}
* Winslow, Kathryn. ''Henry Miller: Full of Life'', Los Angeles: J. P. Tarcher, 1986. {{ISBN|0-87477-404-7}}
* Brown, J. D. ''Henry Miller'', New York: Ungar, 1986. {{ISBN|0-8044-2077-7}}
* Stuhlmann, Gunther, editor. ''A Literate Passion: Letters of Anaïs Nin and Henry Miller, 1932–1953'', San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1987. {{ISBN|0-15-152729-6}}
* Ibarguen, Raoul R. ''[http://www.henry-miller.com Narrative Detours: Henry Miller and the Rise of New Critical Modernism]'', excerpts from Ph.D. thesis, 1989.
* [[Mary Dearborn|Dearborn, Mary V.]] ''The Happiest Man Alive: A Biography of Henry Miller'', New York: Simon & Schuster, 1991. {{ISBN|0-671-67704-7}}
* Gottesman, Ronald (ed) "Critical Essays on Henry Miller", New York: G.K. Hall & Co., 1992.
* Ferguson, Robert. ''Henry Miller: A Life'', New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1991. {{ISBN|0-393-02978-6}}
* Kraft, Barbara. ''Last Days of Henry Miller'', New York: Hudson Review, 1993.
* [[Erica Jong|Jong, Erica]]. ''The Devil at Large: Erica Jong on Henry Miller'', New York: Turtle Bay Books, 1993. {{ISBN|0-394-58498-8}}
* Fitzpatrick, Elayne Wareing. ''Doing It With the Cosmos: Henry Miller's Big Sur Struggle for Love Beyond Sex'', Philadelphia: Xlibris, 2001. {{ISBN|1-4010-1048-2}}{{Self-published inline|certain=yes|date=December 2017}}
* Brassaï. ''Henry Miller, Happy Rock'', Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2002. {{ISBN|0-226-07139-1}}
* Masuga, Katy. ''Henry Miller and How He Got That Way'', Edinburgh: [[Edinburgh University Press]], 2011. {{ISBN|978-0-7486-4118-5}}
* Masuga, Katy. ''The Secret Violence of Henry Miller'', Rochester, NY: [[Camden House Publishing]], 2011. {{ISBN|978-1-57113-484-4}}
* [[Frederick W. Turner|Turner, Frederick]]. ''Renegade: Henry Miller and the Making of'' Tropic of Cancer, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2011. {{ISBN|978-0-300-14949-4}}
* Kraft, Barbara. ''[http://www.huffingtonpost.com/barbara-kraft/henry-miller-the-last-days_b_4454628.html "Henry Miller:  The Last Days"]'', Huffington Post, 2013.
* Männiste, Indrek. ''Henry Miller: The Inhuman Artist: A Philosophical Inquiry'', New York: [[Bloomsbury Publishing|Bloomsbury]], 2013. {{ISBN|978-1-62356-108-6}}
* Hoyle, Arthur. ''The Unknown Henry Miller: A Seeker in Big Sur'', New York: Arcade Publishing, 2014. {{ISBN|978-1-61145-899-2}}
* [[Twinka Thiebaud]]. ''What Doncha Know about Henry Miller'', [[Eio Books]], 2011. {{ISBN|0975925520}}

==External links==
{{Library resources box|by=yes| viaf=59086729}}
{{Wikiquote}}
* ''[http://www.henrymiller.com/ Nexus: The International Henry Miller Journal]''
* [http://www.henrymiller.info/ Henry Miller, a Personal Collection] by his daughter, Valentine
* [http://www.doctorhugo.org/henry/miller.html Henry Miller Online] by Dr. [[Hugo Heyrman]], a tribute
* [http://cosmotc.blogspot.com/ Cosmodemonic Telegraph Company: A Henry Miller Blog]
* [http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt7z09q7vn/ Guide to the Henry Miller Letters to E.E. Schmidt and Other Material.] Special Collections and Archives, The [[UC Irvine]] Libraries, [[Irvine, California]].
* {{OL author}}
* [https://vault.fbi.gov/Henry%20Miller FBI Records: The Vault – Henry Miller] at fbi.gov
* [[hdl:10079/fa/beinecke.millerh|Henry Miller Papers]]. Yale Collection of American Literature, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library.
'''Multimedia'''
* {{IMDb name|588469}}
* [[Schiller, Tom]], director. {{YouTube|XPJmm4_rcSU|''Henry Miller Asleep & Awake''}} (1975), a 34-minute video
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120614013853/http://www.mastersmasterworks.com/miller.html Miller documentaries] by [[Robert Snyder (filmmaker)|Robert Snyder]] at Masters & Masterworks
* Young, Richard, director. ''[http://ubu.com/film/miller_dinner.html Dinner with Henry Miller]'' (1979), a 30-minute video
* [http://www.ubu.com/sound/miller.html UbuWeb Sound: Henry Miller (1891–1980)], with links to MP3 files of "An Interview with Henry Miller" (1964), "Life As I See It" (1956/1961), and "Henry Miller Recalls and Reflects" (1957)
* [[Smithsonian Folkways]]. [http://www.folkways.si.edu/AlbumDetails.aspx?itemID=1671 An Interview with Henry Miller] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120518153246/http://www.folkways.si.edu/AlbumDetails.aspx?itemID=1671 |date=May 18, 2012 }} (1964), with link to transcript (in "liner notes")

{{Henry Miller}}
{{Big Sur|state=collapsed}}
{{Anaïs Nin}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Miller, Henry}}
[[Category:Henry Miller| ]]
[[Category:1891 births]]
[[Category:1980 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century American novelists]]
[[Category:American erotica writers]]
[[Category:American expatriates in France]]
[[Category:American male novelists]]
[[Category:20th-century American memoirists]]
[[Category:American people of German descent]]
[[Category:American tax resisters]]
[[Category:Analysands of Otto Rank]]
[[Category:Counterculture of the 1930s]]
[[Category:Obscenity controversies in literature]]
[[Category:People from Yorkville, Manhattan]]
[[Category:People from Williamsburg, Brooklyn]]
[[Category:Writers from Brooklyn]]
[[Category:People from Bushwick, Brooklyn]]
[[Category:Writers from Manhattan]]
[[Category:Novelists from New York City]]
[[Category:American male essayists]]
[[Category:City College of New York alumni]]
[[Category:Western Union people]]
[[Category:American travel writers]]
[[Category:Big Sur]]
[[Category:People from Pacific Palisades, Los Angeles]]
[[Category:20th-century American essayists]]
[[Category:Eastern District High School alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century American male writers]]
[[Category:Lost Generation writers]]
[[Category:People from Big Sur, California]]
[[Category:Members of the American Academy of Arts and Letters]]