Editing Henry I of Navarre

{{Short description|King of Navarre from 1270 to 1274}}
{{infobox royalty
| name         = Henry I
| image        = Henry I of Nav.jpg
| caption      = 
| succession   = [[King of Navarre]]<br>[[Count of Champagne]]
| reign        = 1270–1274
| predecessor  = [[Theobald II of Navarre|Theobald II]]
| successor    = [[Joan I of Navarre|Joan I]]
| spouse       = [[Blanche of Artois]]
| issue        = Prince Theobald<br>[[Joan I of Navarre|Joan I]]
| house        = {{Tree list}}
* [[House of Blois]]
** [[House of Blois|House of Blois-Champagne]]
*** [[House of Blois|House of Blois-Navarre]]
{{Tree list/end}}
| father       = [[Theobald I of Navarre]]
| mother       = [[Margaret of Bourbon, Queen of Navarre|Margaret of Bourbon]]
| birth_date   = {{circa|1244}}
| birth_place  = 
| death_date   = {{death date|1274|7|22|df=y}}
| death_place  = [[Pamplona]]
| burial_date  = 
| burial_place = [[Pamplona Cathedral]]
| signature    = 
}}
'''Henry the Fat''' ([[Basque language|Basque]]: ''Henrike I.a, Gizena'', [[French language|French]]: ''Henri le Gros'', [[Spanish language|Spanish]]: ''Enrique el Gordo'') (c. 1244 &ndash; 22 July 1274) was [[King of Navarre]] (as '''Henry I''') and [[Count of Champagne]] and [[Brie (region)|Brie]] (as '''Henry III''') from 1270 until his death.

== Early life ==

Henry was the youngest son of [[Theobald I of Navarre]] and [[Margaret of Bourbon, Queen of Navarre|Margaret of Bourbon]].{{sfn|Evergates|2007|p=248}} During the reign of his childless older brother [[Theobald II of Navarre|Theobald II]] he held the [[Regent|regency]] during many of Theobald's numerous absences. In 1269, Henry married [[Blanche of Artois]], daughter of the then-reigning King [[Louis IX of France]]'s brother Count [[Robert I of Artois]].{{sfn|Gee|2002|p=141}} He was thus in the [[Capetian House of Anjou|"Angevin" circle]] in international politics.

== Reign ==
[[File:Armas navarra-Champaña.svg|thumb|upright|Coat of arms]]
Recognized as [[heir presumptive]] during his brother's reign, Henry succeeded to the thrones of the [[Kingdom of Navarre]] and [[County of Champagne]] upon Theobald II's death in December 1270. Henry I's proclamation at [[Pamplona]], however, did not take place until the following year, 1 March 1271,{{sfn|Procter|1980|p=255}} and his coronation was delayed until May 1273. His first act was the swear to uphold the [[Fueros of Navarre]] and then go to perform [[Homage (feudal)|homage]] to [[Philip III of France]] for Champagne.

Henry came to the throne at the height of an economic boom in Navarre that was not happening elsewhere in Iberia at as great a rate. But by the [[Treaty of Paris (1259)]], the [[Kingdom of England|English]] had been ceded rights in [[Gascony]] that effectively cut off Navarrese access to the ocean (since France, Navarre's ally, was at odds with England). Henry allowed the Pamplonese burg of Navarrería to disentangle itself from the union of San Cernin and San Nicolás, effected in 1266. He also granted privileges to the towns of [[Estella-Lizarra|Estella]], [[Los Arcos]], and [[Viana, Spain|Viana]], fostering urban growth. His relations with the nobility were, on the whole, friendly, though he was prepared to maintain the peace of his realm at nearly any cost.

Henry initially sought to recover territory lost to [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]] by assisting the revolt of King [[Alfonso X of Castile]]'s brother [[Philip of Castile (died 1274)|Philip]] in 1270. He eventually declined, preferring to establish an alliance with Castile through the marriage of his son Theobald to Alfonso X's daughter [[Violant of Castile|Violant]] in September 1272.{{sfn|Kinkade|1992|p=294}} This failed with the death of the young Theobald after he fell from a [[battlement]] at the [[castle]] of Estella in 1273.{{sfn|Woodacre|2013|p=25}}

== Death and legacy ==

Henry did not long outlive his son. He was suffocated, according to the generally received accounts, by his own fat.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}<ref>The Divine Comedy, Dante</ref> His only legitimate child, a one-year-old daughter named [[Joan I of Navarre|Joan]], succeeded him under the regency of her mother Blanche. Joan's marriage in 1284 to [[Philip IV of France|Philip the Fair]], the future [[King of France]],{{sfn|George|1875|p=table XXV}} in the same year united the crown of Navarre to that of France and saw Champagne devolve to the [[Crown lands of France|French royal domain]].{{sfn|Wood|1966|p=47}}

In the ''[[Divine Comedy]]'', [[Dante Alighieri]], a younger contemporary, sees Henry's spirit outside the gates of [[Purgatory]], where he is grouped with a number of other European monarchs of the 13th century. Henry is not named directly, but is referred to as "the kindly-faced" and "the father-in-law of the Plague of France".{{sfn|Alighieri|2003|p=122}}

==Notes==
{{Reflist|2}}

==References==
*{{EB1911|wstitle=Henry I. of Navarre|volume=13|page=293}}
*{{cite book |first=Dante |last=Alighieri |title=The Divine Comedy of Dante Alighieri : Volume 2: Purgatorio |editor-first=Robert M. |editor-last=Durling |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2003 }}
*{{cite book |first=Theodore |last=Evergates |title=The Aristocracy in the County of Champagne, 1100-1300 |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |year=2007 }}
*{{cite book |first=Loveday Lewes |last=Gee |title=Women, Art, and Patronage from Henry III to Edward III: 1216-1377 |publisher=Boydell & Brewer |year=2002 }}
*{{cite book |first=Hereford Brooke |last=George |title=Genealogical tables illustrative of modern history |publisher=Oxford at the Clarendon Press |year=1875 }}
*{{cite journal |title=Alfonso X, Cantiga 235, and the Events of 1269-1278 |first=Richard P. |last=Kinkade |journal=Speculum |volume=67 |number=2 |year=1992 |pages=284–323 |doi=10.2307/2864374 |jstor=2864374 |s2cid=162457845 }}
*{{cite book |first=Evelyn S. |last=Procter |title=Curia and Cortes in León and Castile 1072-1295 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1980 }}
*{{cite book |title=The French Apanages and the Capetian Monarchy, 1224-1326 |first=Charles T. |last=Wood |publisher=Harvard University Press |year=1966 }}
*{{cite book |first=Elena |last=Woodacre |title=The Queens Regnant of Navarre: Succession, Politics, and Partnership, 1274-1512 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |year=2013 }}

==Further reading==
*[[Luis Suárez Fernández|Suárez Fernández, Luis]]. ''Historia de España: Edad Media''. Madrid: Editorial Gredos, 1970.


{{s-start}}
{{s-hou|[[House of Blois]]||{{circa|1244}}|22 July|1274}}
{{s-reg}}
|-
{{s-bef | before = [[Theobald V of Champagne|Theobald the Young]] }}
{{s-ttl| title  = [[List of Navarrese monarchs|King of Navarre]]<br>[[Count of Champagne]]
| years = 1270–1274 }}
{{s-aft | after  = [[Joan I of Navarre|Joan I]] }}
{{s-end}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}

{{Navarrese monarchs}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Henry 01 Of Navarre}}
[[Category:1240s births]]
[[Category:1274 deaths]]
[[Category:13th-century Navarrese monarchs]]
[[Category:13th-century peers of France]]
[[Category:Counts of Champagne]]
[[Category:House of Blois]]
[[Category:Burials at Pamplona Cathedral]]