Editing Hengelo

{{About|the city and municipality in Overijssel|the town in Gelderland|Hengelo, Gelderland}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
<!-- Name and transliteration -->| name               = Hengelo
| native_name        = {{native name|twd|Hengel}}
| settlement_type    = [[List of municipalities of the Netherlands|Municipality]]
<!-- Images, nickname, motto -->| image_skyline      = Twentekanaal Hengelo 2.jpg
| image_alt          = 
| image_caption      = ''[[Twentekanaal]]'' through Hengelo
| image_flag         = Flag_of_Hengelo,_Overijssel.svg
| flag_size          = 100x67px
| flag_alt           = 
| image_shield       = Hengelo, Overijssel wapen.svg
| shield_size        = 100x80px
| shield_alt         = <!-- Maps, coordinates -->
| image_map          = Map - NL - Municipality code 0164 (2009).svg
| map_alt            = Highlighted position of Hengelo in a municipal map of Overijssel
| map_caption        = Location in Overijssel
| pushpin_map        = Netherlands#Europe
| pushpin_map_caption = Location within the Netherlands##Location within Europe
| pushpin_relief     = 1
| coordinates        = {{coord|52|15|55|N|6|47|35|E|region:NL|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes = 
| subdivision_type   = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name   = [[Netherlands]]
| subdivision_type1  = [[Provinces of the Netherlands|Province]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[Overijssel]]
| government_footnotes = <ref name="mayor_now">{{cite web 
 |url = https://www.hengelo.nl/Bestuur-en-Organisatie/College-B-en-W/Burgemeester-en-wethouders.html
 |title = drs. Schelberg, Sander W.J.G
 |language = nl
 |publisher = Gemeente Hengelo
 |access-date = 28 June 2024}}</ref>
| governing_body     = [[Municipal council (Netherlands)|Municipal council]]
| leader_party       = [[People's Party for Freedom and Democracy|VVD]]
| leader_title       = [[Burgemeester|Mayor]]
| leader_name        = [[Sander Schelberg]]
<!-- Geographic information -->| unit_pref          = Metric
<!-- ALL fields with measurements have automatic unit conversion -->
<!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->| area_footnotes     = <ref>{{Dutch municipality total area|dataref}}</ref>
<!-- square kilometers -->| area_total_km2     = {{Dutch municipality total area|Hengelo}}
| area_land_km2      = {{Dutch municipality land area|Hengelo}}
| area_water_km2     = {{Dutch municipality water area|Hengelo}}
| elevation_footnotes = <ref name="AHN">{{cite web
 |url=https://www.ahn.nl/hoe-hoog-woon-jij?origin=/postcodetool 
 |title=Postcodetool for 7551EC 
 |language=nl 
 |work=Actueel Hoogtebestand Nederland 
 |publisher=Het Waterschapshuis 
 |access-date=29 March 2014 
}}</ref>
| elevation_m        = 18
| elevation_max_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| elevation_max_m    = 
| elevation_min_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| elevation_min_m    = <!-- Population, demographics -->
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{Dutch municipality population|dataref}}</ref>
| population_total   = 82311
| population_as_of   = 2023
| population_density_km2 = {{Dutch municipality population density|Hengelo}} <!-- For automatic calculation: auto-->
| population_demonym = Hengolian
<!-- Other information -->| timezone           = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset         = +1
| timezone_DST       = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST     = +2
| postal_code_type   = [[Postal codes in the Netherlands|Postcode]]
| postal_code        = 7550–7559
| area_code_type     = [[Telephone numbers in the Netherlands|Area code]]
| area_code          = 074
| website            = {{URL|1=https://www.hengelo.nl}}
| blank_name         = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]]
| blank_info         = [[Oceanic climate|Cfb]]
| footnotes          = 
}}
[[File:Hengelo-plaats-OpenTopo.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|Dutch Topographic map of Hengelo (city), June 2014]]
[[File:Oost-Overijssel 6.76540E 52.28976N.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|Two of the three large cities in East Overijssel: Almelo and Hengelo]]

'''Hengelo''' ({{IPA|nl|ˈɦɛŋəloː|lang|Nl-Hengelo.ogg}}; [[Tweants dialect|Tweants]]: {{lang|twd|Hengel}}) is a city in the eastern part of the [[Netherlands]], in the [[Twente]] region, in the province of [[Overijssel]]. It is part of a larger urban area that also includes [[Enschede]], [[Borne, Overijssel|Borne]], [[Almelo]] and [[Oldenzaal]].

Due to its geomorphology, being situated relatively low in the landscape, Hengelo is a place where streams converge. By consequence, it became a crossroad, inhabited early on in history, which has made it into an infrastructural hub and an industrial centre today. For the 19th century industry, water was needed for bleaching textile, while factories also needed water for their steam engines, and for cooling. Over time, Hengelo became known as ''metaalstad'', for its machine factories and electrical engineering companies. In addition, [[salt mining]] developed into an important industry too, which also led to the production of chemical derivatives. 

Due to its strategical importance, Hengelo was bombed during World War II. Afterwards, a reconstruction plan was developed that made it into a modern city, partly at the cost of still remaining historical structures. Well-known Dutch planners and architects have left their traces inside and outside the city. Among their most notable efforts are several residential areas, being inspired by the principles of the garden city movement. Due to the vicinity of [[University of Twente]] and [[ArtEZ University of Arts]], in Enschede, many students and graduates have come to live and work in Hengelo. Besides economic growth, this has also contributed to the city's development in regard to arts and culture.

==Population centres==
*[[Beckum, Netherlands|Beckum]]
*Hengelo
*[[Oele]]

==History==
In what is known as the historical centre of Hengelo, archaeologists have found a camp site for hunters and gatherers, indicating that the location was inhabited during the [[Mesolithic]], between 12,000 and 5,000 years [[Before Present|BP]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Benerink |first=Sascha |title=Inventariserend Veldonderzoek door middel van Proefsleuven 'Oude Algemene Begraafplaats Bornsestraat', Bornsestraat 27, Hengelo, Gemeente Hengelo |publisher=SOB Research, Instituut voor Archeologisch en Aardkundig Onderzoek |year=2016 |isbn=9789461923820 |publication-place=Heinenoord |language=nl}}</ref> The area has most likely been continuously inhabited ever since. On the same site, finds from the [[Iron Age]] and [[Netherlands in the Roman era|Roman times]] have been excavated too. Different settements, moreover, existed within the current municipality. Recent archaeological research in the north of Hengelo has led to the discovery of a prehistoric [[grave field]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Benerink |first=Sascha |title=Inventariserend Veldonderzoek door middel van Proefsleuven bestemmingsplan Broek Noord, Hengelo, Gemeente Hengelo |publisher=SOB Research, Instituut voor Archeologisch en Aardkundig Onderzoek |year=2011 |isbn=9789461920089 |publication-place=Heinenoord |language=nl}}</ref> as well as another settlement from Roman times, with pottery and other artefacts corresponding to the [[Weser–Rhine Germanic]] tradition.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ufkes |first=Adrie |title=Een raadselachtige Romeinse koepeloven uit Hengelo (Ov.) |url=https://ugp.rug.nl/Paleo-aktueel/article/download/39356/36331 |journal=Paleo-Aktueel |publisher=Groningen Institute of Archaeology (RUG) & Barkhuis Publishing |publication-date=2022 |issue=32 |pages=61–67}}</ref>  

In the mid 13th century, an estate was built, called Huys Hengelo, which existed till 1826, when it was demolished. A village grew around the estate, including a church and a cemetery. During the [[Spanish occupation of the Netherlands]], Huys Hengelo was the centre of several fights and revolts.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kapitein Splinter jaagt Spanjaarden weg uit Hengelo |url=https://www.marceltettero.nl/m.tettero/Watergeuzen/Splinter.htm |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=www.marceltettero.nl}}</ref> 

The municipality of Hengelo was founded in 1802, which by then consisted of a few hundred farms and agricultural workers' houses. 

Hengelo was never granted [[city rights]], as it was a village until its expansion in the 19th century during the industrial revolution. In that period, however, various landmark buildings were erected, especially the Waterstaatskerk (1839), and the [[Lambertusbasiliek]] (1890),<ref>{{Cite web |title=Enschedesestraat 3, 7551 EE te Hengelo {{!}} Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed |url=https://monumentenregister.cultureelerfgoed.nl/monumenten/21523 |access-date=2023-12-12 |website=monumentenregister.cultureelerfgoed.nl}}</ref> a Roman Catholic [[basilica]] built in 1890 devoted to [[Saint Lambert (martyr)|Saint Lambert]].

After the construction of its railway station, in 1866,<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Dorman |first1=Ewout |title=Cltuurhistorische waardestelling Station Hengelo |last2=Pronkhorst |first2=Annuska |last3=(Crimson Architectural Historians) |publisher=NS Stations, Vastgoed en Ontwikkeling |year=2017}}</ref> industrial development accelerated, with a focus on technology: [[Stork B.V.]], Hazemeyer, [[:nl:N.V. Heemaf|N.V. Heemaf]] (now part of France's [[Alstom]], [[Brush HMA]], Brush-Barclay, [[Eaton Corporation]], [[Essent]], Heemaf BV, [[Vattenfall]], and [[Wabtec]]), KHZ (now [[AkzoNobel]]), and [[Hollandse Signaal Apparaten]] (now part of the [[Thales Group]]). Especially Stork played an important role in the development of Hengelo, building garden village [[:nl:Tuindorp_'t_Lansink_(Hengelo)|Tuindorp 't Lansink]] (1910s), with housing for its personnel, while also contributing to building public facilities in the city centre, such as a library.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Historie |url=https://www.bibliotheekhengelo.nl/over-ons/historie |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=Bibliotheek Hengelo |language=nl-nl}}</ref> 

Hengelo was also the home town of [[Hengelo Bier]], a local brewery. Nowadays, the beer brand [[:nds-nl:Twents Bier|Twents]] is produced in Hengelo, brewed by De [[:nl:Twentse Bierbrouwerij|Twentse Bierbrouwerij]]. This brewery was founded in 2007 and was, until 2019, located in the monumental factory complex Hazemeijer.<ref>[[:nl:Twentse Bierbrouwerij]]</ref>

During [[World War II]], the city was bombed by the Allies because of the presence of the railways and the war industry activities of local factories that served the occupier. The heart of the town was accidentally destroyed during the bombing of Hengelo on 6 and 7 October 1944, killing several hundreds of people.

In addition, after World War II, the synagogue that had survived the war, an entire block called De Telgen, a monastery at the Thiemsbrug, the farm dating from the 17th century where [[Wolter ten Cate]] was born, and the 19th-century town hall, were all demolished. This has also left the city without much of an historical centre. However, the reconstruction plan of Hengelo, including its [[:nl:Stadhuis_van_Hengelo|town hall]] (1958-1963, J. F. Berghoef), received critical acclaim and is nowadays considered as an important example of post-war city planning in the Netherlands.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministerie van Onderwijs |first=Cultuur en Wetenschap |date=2016-01-01 |title=Hengelo binnenstad: een toonbeeld van wederopbouw - Publicatie - Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed |url=https://www.cultureelerfgoed.nl/publicaties/publicaties/2016/01/01/hengelo-binnenstad-een-toonbeeld-van-wederopbouw |access-date=2023-12-12 |website=www.cultureelerfgoed.nl |language=nl-NL}}</ref> By extension, Hengelo also became a reference for modern architecture, with innovative housing designs, such as Klein Driene I & II (1945-1965, C. Pouderoyen & W.R. van Couwelaar ),<ref>{{Cite book |last=Van der Hoeven |first=Marlijn |title=Hengelo Klein Driene I & II: Toonbeeld van de wederopbouw |publisher=Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed |location=Amersfoort |publication-date=2016 |language=nl}}</ref> Housing Hengelose Es (1962-1968, [[Jo van den Broek|Van den Broek]] & [[Jaap Bakema|Bakema]]),<ref>{{Cite web |title=architectureguide.nl - Urban Design Hengelose Es, Van den Broek & Bakema, Hengelo |url=http://www.architectureguide.nl/project/list_projects_of_architect/arc_id/48/prj_id/568 |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=www.architectureguide.nl}}</ref> and De Kasbah (1969-1973, [[Piet Blom]]).<ref>{{Cite web |title=architectureguide.nl - Housing De Kasbah, Piet Blom, Hengelo |url=http://www.architectureguide.nl/project/item/prj_id/567 |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=www.architectureguide.nl}}</ref>

==Transport==
Hengelo is a major transportation hub in the region, which encompasses various modalities.

=== Car ===

* Hengelo sits along the motorway [[A1 motorway (Netherlands)|A1]] (from [[Amsterdam]] to the Dutch-German border), and the E30 (from [[Cork (city)|Cork]], [[Ireland]], to [[Omsk]], [[Russia]]).
* The [[A35/N35]] motorway from the German border begins as a two-lane expressway leading to the southern side of [[Enschede]], then transitions into a highway that runs along the city's western side until [[Wierden]], after that, it reverts to a two-lane expressway and continues as a standard two-lane road towards [[Zwolle]].

=== Train ===

* [[Hengelo railway station|Hengelo Railway Station]] is part of the [[Amsterdam]] – [[Berlin]] train service. There are international trains daily to [[Bad Bentheim]], [[Rheine]], [[Osnabrück]], [[Hannover]], and [[Berlin]].
* From Hengelo there are direct services to cities across the Netherlands, among them [[Almelo]], [[Amsterdam|Amersfoort,  Amsterdam]], [[Amsterdam Airport Schiphol]], [[Amsterdam Zuid railway station|Amsterdam-Zuid]], [[Apeldoorn]], [[Deventer]], [[Enschede]], [[Gouda, South Holland|Gouda]], [[Hilversum]], [[Rotterdam|Oldenzaal, Rotterdam]], [[The Hague]], [[Utrecht (city)|Utrecht]], [[Zutphen]], [[Zwolle]]. For travel information, visit [[Hengelo railway station]] or the website of [[Nederlandse Spoorwegen|Dutch Railways]].<ref>[https://www.ns.nl/en/ NS.nl]</ref>
* Besides the main station, there are two local train stations, [[Hengelo Oost railway station|Hengelo Oost]], giving access to a residential district and leisure facilities, and [[Hengelo Gezondheidspark railway station|Hengelo Gezondheidspark]], giving access to the city's main health care complex (including a hospital).

=== Bus ===
*Within the city, one can travel by train and bus, which are services provided by [[Arriva Netherlands|Arriva]]. Within the urban transport network are several [[bus lanes]], specifically built for buses to travel faster.

=== Bike ===
*Within and outside the city, there is an extensive network of [[Cycling infrastructure|cyclepaths]]. Part of it is the so-called Bicyle Highway F35 (''Fietssnelweg F35''), connecting [[Nijverdal]], [[Wierden]], [[Almelo]], [[Borne, Overijssel|Borne]], Hengelo and [[Enschede]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fietssnelweg F35 |url=https://www.hengelo.nl/Inwoners/Projecten-en-plannen/Fietssnelweg-F35.html |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=www.hengelo.nl}}</ref>

=== Boat ===
*The [[Twentekanaal]] (canal) connects the [[Twente]] region with the river [[IJssel]]. The canal is mainly used for cargo transportation, as Hengelo has a relatively large [[harbour]] with various industries.

== Climate ==
Like most of the Netherlands, Hengelo features an oceanic climate (Cfb in the Köppen classification); however, winters tend to be less mild than the rest of the Netherlands due to its inland location. Summer is also warmer than places near the coast. Although the [[Enschede Airport Twente|former military airport]] is derelict and plans to revive the place were canceled in 2012, the weather station of the [[Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute]] is still located there.

{{Weather box
|location = Twenthe (1981-2010)
|single line = y
|metric first = y
|Jan high C = 4.8
|Feb high C = 5.7
|Mar high C = 9.5
|Apr high C = 13.9
|May high C = 18.0
|Jun high C = 20.5
|Jul high C = 22.8
|Aug high C = 22.5
|Sep high C = 18.7
|Oct high C = 14.1
|Nov high C = 8.9
|Dec high C = 5.2
|year high C = 13.7
|Jan mean C = 2.3
|Feb mean C = 2.6
|Mar mean C = 5.6
|Apr mean C = 8.9
|May mean C = 12.9
|Jun mean C = 15.4
|Jul mean C = 17.6
|Aug mean C = 17.1
|Sep mean C = 14.0
|Oct mean C = 10.2
|Nov mean C = 6.0
|Dec mean C = 2.9
|year mean C = 9.6
|Jan low C = -0.5
|Feb low C = -0.6
|Mar low C = 1.5
|Apr low C = 3.4
|May low C = 7.1
|Jun low C = 9.6
|Jul low C = 12.0
|Aug low C = 11.5
|Sep low C = 9.2
|Oct low C = 6.2
|Nov low C = 3.0
|Dec low C = 0.3
|year low C = 5.2
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 71.5
|Feb precipitation mm = 51.6
|Mar precipitation mm = 65.1
|Apr precipitation mm = 45.2
|May precipitation mm = 62.4
|Jun precipitation mm = 67.7
|Jul precipitation mm = 74.5
|Aug precipitation mm = 71.0
|Sep precipitation mm = 65.4
|Oct precipitation mm = 67.5
|Nov precipitation mm = 68.9
|Dec precipitation mm = 74.1
|year precipitation mm = 784.9
|Jan sun = 52.8
|Feb sun = 82.6
|Mar sun = 114.0
|Apr sun = 169.9
|May sun = 202.1
|Jun sun = 184.6
|Jul sun = 202.4
|Aug sun = 184.4
|Sep sun = 137.4
|Oct sun = 112.3
|Nov sun = 58.9
|Dec sun = 46.0
|year sun = 1547.3
|source = KNMI<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.klimaatatlas.nl/tabel/stationsdata/klimtab_8110_290.pdf
|title = Twenthe, long-term averages, time period 1981-2010 (in Dutch)
|access-date = December 29, 2012}}</ref>
|date=December 2012}}

==Notable events==
*On February 11, 1992, a Dutch [[F-16 Fighting Falcon|F-16]] crashed into the district Hasseler Es.
*The Canadian rock band [[The Tragically Hip]] mention Hengelo in their song "At the Hundredth Meridian", where they "remember Hengelo" after a glorious gig in Metropool (concert hall in Hengelo).
*The British indie rock band Spring Offensive on their first studio album "Young Animal Hearts" mention Hengelo in their song "Hengelo".

==Twin towns – sister cities==
Hengelo is [[Sister city|twinned]] with:<ref>{{cite web |title=Subsidie uitwisseling partnerstad Emsdetten|url=https://www.hengelo.nl/Welkom-in-Hengelo/GPDC-Producten-catalogus-1/_Burger-en-Bedrijven/Subsidie-uitwisseling-partnerstad-Emsdetten.html|publisher=Hengelo|language=nl|access-date=2024-11-17}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Emsdetten]], Germany

==Education==
Hengelo has seven high schools. These high schools are the [[:nl:Montessori College Twente|Montessori College Twente]], [[Bataafs Lyceum]], Twickel College, Avila College, C.T. Stork College, Grundel Lyceum and 't Genseler.

There is also an [[:nl:Middelbaar beroepsonderwijs|MBO]] school, [[:nl:ROC van Twente|ROC of Twente]].

The Tio Business School (HBO, University of Applied Sciences) is also located in Hengelo.

There is also Twents Vakcollege 't Woolde which is a worker-oriented school located.

==Notable residents==
[[File:P1040585 Theo Wolvecamp.jpg|140px|thumb|portrait of Theo Wolvecamp, 2013]]
* [[Grada Hermina Marius]] (1854–1919), Dutch writer and painter
* [[Donald Zilversmit]] (1919–2010), U.S. nutritional biochemist, researcher and educator
* [[Herman Krebbers]] (1923–2018), Dutch violinist
* Theo Wolvecamp (1925-1992), [[avant-garde]] Dutch painter, member of [[Cobra (avant-garde movement)|Cobra]]<ref>[[:nl:Theo Wolvecamp|Dutch Wiki, Theo Wolvecamp]]</ref>
* [[Ernst van de Wetering]] (1938–2021), Dutch art historian and expert on [[Rembrandt]]
* [[Jacqueline de Jong]] (born 1939), Dutch painter, sculptor and graphic artist
* [[Ad Kolnaar]] (born 1942), Dutch economist and academic
* [[Deniz Kuypers]], writer
* [[Hans Achterhuis]] (born 1942), philosopher and academic
* Sir [[Maarten Wevers]], (born 1952), New Zealand civil servant and diplomat
* [[Henk Kamp]] (born 1952), retired Dutch politician
* [[Fra Paalman]] (1945-2020), artist, graphic designer
* [[Edward Reekers]] (born 1957), singer and voice actor, member of [[Kayak (band)|Kayak]]
* [[Willem Tanke]] (born 1959), organist and recitalist
* [[Ronald Ophuis]] (born 1968), Dutch artist
* [[Wim Meulenkamp]] (born 1973), Dutch politician
=== Sport ===
[[File:Hessischen Ministerpräsidenten Gert-Jan Bruggink auf Andrea 1 mk.jpg|140px|thumb|Gert-Jan Bruggink and Andrea, 2013]]
* [[Jan van de Graaff]] (born 1944), retired Dutch rower, bronze medallist at the [[1964 Summer Olympics]]
* [[Jan Olde Riekerink]], (born 1963), football coach and former professional player
* [[Kirsten Vlieghuis]] (born 1976), Dutch freestyle swimmer, won two bronze medals at the [[1996 Summer Olympics]]
* [[Niels Oude Kamphuis]] (born 1977), retired Dutch footballer, 278 club caps
* [[Joris Keizer]] (born 1979), Dutch butterfly swimmer, competed at the [[2000 Summer Olympics|2000]] and [[2004 Summer Olympics]]
* [[Gert-Jan Bruggink]] (born 1981), Dutch show jumping equestrian, competed at the [[2004 Summer Olympics]]
* [[Joost Posthuma]] (born 1981), retired professional road bicycle racer
* [[Ninos Gouriye]] (born 1991), Assyrian-Dutch footballer
* [[Lucas van Foreest]] (born 2001), Dutch chess grandmaster, 2019 [[Dutch Chess Championship|Dutch Chess Champion]]

== Gallery ==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="200">
Hengelo, toren van het stadhuis foto2 2013-04-22 14.37.jpg|The tower of the townhall 
Retentiegebied Woolde, Hengelo (4222415573).jpg|Retentiegebied Woolde, Hengelo
Hengelo, de Sint Lambertusbasiliek RM21523 foto3 2013-04-22 14.43.jpg|Church: de Sint Lambertusbasiliek
Hengelo - Midwinterhoornblazer (1963) van Jan van Eyl.jpg|Midwinterhoornblazer (1963) by Jan van Eyl
Commonwealth war graves - The Netherlands - Hengelo (Overijssel) general cemetery.jpg|Commonwealth war graves, Hengelo
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Wikivoyage}}
*{{Commons category-inline|Hengelo, Overijssel}}
*[https://www.hengelo.nl Official Website]

{{Geographic location
 | Centre    = Hengelo
 | North     = [[Dinkelland]]
 | East      = [[Enschede]]
 | South     = [[Haaksbergen]]
 | West      = [[Hof van Twente]]
 | Northwest = [[Borne, Overijssel|Borne]]
}}
{{Overijssel Province}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Hengelo| ]]
[[Category:Cities in the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Municipalities of Overijssel]]
[[Category:Twente]]