Editing Hemen

{{short description|Ancient Egyptian god}}
{{lead too short|date=December 2021}}
{{Infobox deity
| type = Egyptian
| name = Hemen
| image = Egypte louvre 062 offrande.jpg
| cult_center = 
| caption = [[Taharqa]] offering before Hemen. Statue from the [[Louvre]].
| hiero = 
| symbol = [[Falcon]]
}}'''Hemen''' is a [[falcon]] [[Ancient Egyptian deities|god]] in the [[Ancient Egyptian religion]]
{{Ancient Egyptian religion}}
==Places of worship==
[[File:Taharqa presenting god Hemen with wine E25276 mp3h9203.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Different perspective showing Hemen in more detail.]]Often worshipped as a divine entity unified with [[Horus]], as Horus-Hemen lord of [[Asphynis]]<ref>[http://www.griffith.ox.ac.uk/gri/8ste201to250.pdf The Griffiths Institute]</ref> or Horakhte-Hemen of [[Hefat]].<ref name="Hor-nefer">{{Cite web |url=http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/texts/hornefer.htm |title=Text of Hor-nefer |access-date=2010-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303005124/http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/texts/hornefer.htm |archive-date=2012-03-03 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://www.griffith.ox.ac.uk/gri/8_ste001to050.pdf The Griffiths Institute]  formerly in V. Golenishchev colln. 4157, now in Moscow, State Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts</ref><ref>Henri Wild, Statue de Hor-Néfer au Musée des Beaux-Arts de Lausanne, BIFAO 54 (1954) pp.173-222 via [http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/texts/hornefer.htm Text of Hornefer] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303005124/http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/texts/hornefer.htm |date=2012-03-03 }}</ref> [[Flinders Petrie]] refers to Hemen as a god of [[Tuphium]]. Hemen is also used for the name of a town of ancient Egypt (as mentioned by Flinders Petrie during his studies of Abydos).<ref>Mentioned in Jean Capart, Primitive art in Egypt , 1905, accessed at [https://archive.org/stream/primitiveartin00capa#page/257/mode/1up Primitive Art in Egypt] retrieved 12/09/2011</ref>

==Some examples of artifacts containing references to Hemen==
Hemen is mentioned in a limited number of inscriptions and texts. Some of these include:
* In the [[Pyramid Texts]], Utterance 231.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pyramidtextsonline.com/translation.html#sarcwestg|title=Pyramid Texts Online - English Translation}}</ref>
* [[Ankhtifi]], a nomarch (= provincial governor) dated to the [[First Intermediate Period of Egypt|First Intermediate Period]], is shown inspecting a fleet, killing a hippopotamus in Hefat during festivities and offering the hippopotamus to Hemen.<ref>J.M.A. Janssen, Annual Egyptological Bibliography, 1947</ref>
* A round-topped stela from the [[Thirteenth dynasty of Egypt|13th dynasty]] invokes Ptah-Sokari-Osiris and Horus-Hemen lord of Asphynis. The stela was formerly in the V. Golenishchev collection, but is now in Moscow, in the State Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts.<ref>[http://www.griffith.ox.ac.uk/gri/8ste201to250.pdf Griffith Institute working document on Stela, page 208.] retrieved 20/09/2011</ref>
* The chief sculptor Userhat who lived at the end of the 18th dynasty/beginning 19th dynasty mentions "causing cult statues to rest in their shrine". Hemen of Hefat is one of the gods listed among those Userhat was responsible for.<ref>[[Elizabeth Frood]], [[John Baines (Egyptologist)|John Baines]], Biographical texts from Ramessid Egypt, 2007</ref>
* Statue from the time of [[Amenhotep III]]; Now in Avignon, Musée Calvet.<ref>location (listed 14th on page)[http://malfine.tripod.com/jmbooks.html Statues of Deities), Oxford: Griffith Institute, 1999] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725051022/http://malfine.tripod.com/jmbooks.html |date=2011-07-25 }} {{ISBN|0-900416-69-6}} retrieved 20/09/2011</ref><ref name="Griffith">[http://www.griffith.ox.ac.uk/gri/3pm8sta5.pdf (with D. Magee and E. Miles) Topographical Bibliography of Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphic Texts, Statues, Reliefs and Paintings, viii, Objects of Provenance Not Known, Part 2. Private Statues (Dynasty XVIII to the Roman Period). Statues of Deities. Oxford: Griffith Institute. 1999]. {{ISBN|0-900416-69-6}} description of statue from page 1041 of Griffiths Institute of Oxford retrieved 20/09/2011</ref>
* In the 22nd dynasty Hemen of Hefat is mentioned as an oracle. A man named Ikeni appears before Hemen in Hefat and the god says "Ikeni is right! He paid (etc.)".<ref>Kim Ryholt, A Pair of Oracle Petitions Addressed to Horus-of-the-Camp, The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, Vol. 79 (1993), pp. 189-198</ref>
* The 25th dynasty pharaoh [[Taharqa]] is shown before the god Hemen in a statue which is now in the [[Louvre]].
* In ca. 300 BC Hemen's cult is still active as attested by an inscription of an official named Hornefer.<ref name="Hor-nefer" />
* In the Griffiths Institute listing: A stone object with Hemen possibly hawk-headed showing text of [[Amenophis III]] ‘beloved of Hemen lord of the sed-festival’.<ref>[http://www.griffith.ox.ac.uk/gri/3pm8sta5.pdf    (with D. Magee and E. Miles) Topographical Bibliography of Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphic Texts, Statues, Reliefs and Paintings, viii, Objects of Provenance Not Known, Part 2. Private Statues (Dynasty XVIII to the Roman Period). Statues of Deities. Oxford: Griffith Institute. 1999]. {{ISBN|0-900416-69-6}} description of statue from page 1041 of Griffiths Institute of Oxford retrieved 20/09/2011</ref>

==See also==
* [[Hauron]]
*[[Sed festival]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==Further reading==
* [https://www.jstor.org/pss/3822006 "Crime, Cult and Capital Punishment (Mo'alla Inscription 8)"] by H. Willems, ''The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology'' Vol. 76, (1990), pp.&nbsp;27–54, Retrieved 11 April 2015, {{subscription required}}

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[[Category:Animal gods]]
[[Category:Egyptian gods]]
[[Category:Falcon deities]]
[[Category:Nubian gods]]