Editing Heineken N.V.

{{Short description|Dutch multinational brewing company}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Heineken N.V.
| logo = Heineken Logo.svg
| logo_caption = Logo used since 2011
| type = [[Naamloze vennootschap]]
| traded_as = {{unbulleted list|{{EuronextAmsterdam|HEIA|NL0000009165|XAMS}}|[[AEX index|AEX]] component}}
| ISIN = {{ISIN|sl=n|pl=y|NL0000009165}}
| industry = [[Drink industry]]
| fate = 
| predecessor = 
| successor = 
| foundation = {{Start date and age|1864|02|15|df=y}} <!-- {{Start date|YYYY|MM|DD|df=y}} -->
| founder = [[Gerard Adriaan Heineken]]
| defunct = <!-- {{End date|YYYY|MM|DD|df=y}} -->
| location_city = [[Amsterdam]]
| location_country = [[Netherlands]]
| locations = 
| area_served = Worldwide
| key_people = {{ubl|[[Dolf van den Brink]] (Chairman/CEO)<ref name="execteam">{{Cite web |title=Executive Team |url=http://www.theheinekencompany.com/about-us/management/executive-team |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150813221231/http://www.theheinekencompany.com/about-us/management/executive-team |archive-date=13 August 2015 |access-date=6 July 2015 |publisher=Heineken}}</ref>|Laurence Debroux (CFO)<ref name="execteam" />
| industry = [[Brewing]]
| products = [[Heineken brands]]
| services = 
| revenue = {{increase}} €21.941&nbsp;billion (2021)<ref name=HeinekenAnn>{{cite news|url=https://www.theheinekencompany.com/sites/theheinekencompany/files/Investors/financial-information/results-reports-presentations/heineken-nv-annual-report-2021-25-02-2022.pdf|author=Heineken|date=2021|title=Annual Report 2021|work=Heineken}}</ref>}}
| operating_income = {{increase}} € 4.483&nbsp;billion
 (2021)<ref name=HeinekenAnn />
| net_income = {{increase}} €3.324&nbsp;billion (2021)<ref name=HeinekenAnn />
| assets = {{Increase}} €48.850&nbsp;billion (2021)<ref name=HeinekenAnn />
| equity = {{Increase}} €19.700&nbsp;billion (2021)<ref name=HeinekenAnn />
| owner = Heineken Holding N.V (50.5%)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ownership structure {{!}} The HEINEKEN Company |url=https://www.theheinekencompany.com/age-gate/648 |access-date=11 December 2023 |website=The HEINEKEN Company |language=en}}</ref><br />[[Charlene de Carvalho-Heineken]] (23%)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Charlene de Carvalho-Heineken & family |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/charlene-de-carvalho-heineken/ |access-date=28 November 2020 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref>
| num_employees = 82,257 (2021)<ref name=HeinekenAnn />
| parent = 
| divisions = 
| subsid = 
| homepage = {{official URL}}
| footnotes = 
}}
'''Heineken [[Naamloze vennootschap|N.V.]]''' ({{IPA|nl|ˈɦɛinəkə(n)}}), branded as '''The Heineken Company''' is a Dutch [[multinational corporation|multinational]] [[brewery|brewing company]], founded in 1864 by [[Gerard Adriaan Heineken]] in [[Amsterdam]]. {{As of|2019|post=,}} Heineken owns over 165 [[breweries]] in more than 70 countries. It produces 348 international, regional, local and speciality [[Beer|beers]] and [[Cider|ciders]] and employs approximately 85,000 people.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 January 2017 |title=Press Release |url=https://www.theheinekencompany.com/sites/theheinekencompany/files/Investors/financial-information/results-reports-presentations/heineken-nv-hnv-2019-annual-report.pdf |access-date=5 February 2019 |publisher=Heineken}}</ref>

With an annual beer production of 24.14 billion litres in 2019, and global revenues of 23.894 billion euro in 2019,<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=17 February 2016 |title=Heineken N.V. 2019 Annual Report |url=https://www.theheinekencompany.com/sites/theheinekencompany/files/Investors/financial-information/results-reports-presentations/heineken-nv-hnv-2019-annual-report.pdf |access-date=5 February 2019 |website=Heineken }}</ref> Heineken N.V. is the number one brewer in Europe and one of the largest brewers by volume in the world.<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |year=2017 |title=Company Profile |url=https://www.theheinekencompany.com/sites/theheinekencompany/files/Investors/financial-information/results-reports-presentations/heineken-nv-hnv-2019-annual-report.pdf |access-date=5 February 2019 |website=Heineken |publisher=Heineken N.V. |quote=With recent acquisitions in Africa, India, Asia and Latin America, we are continuing to increase our presence within emerging markets, which will contribute to our ongoing growth.}}</ref> Heineken's Dutch breweries are located in [[Zoeterwoude]], [['s-Hertogenbosch]] and [[Wijlre]]. The original brewery in Amsterdam, closed in 1988, is preserved as a museum called [[Heineken Experience]].

Since the merger between the two largest brewing empires in the world, [[Anheuser-Busch InBev]] and [[SABMiller]], in October 2016, Heineken has been the second-largest brewer in the world.<ref name="Blenkinsop">{{Cite web |last=Blenkinsop |first=Philip |date=20 January 2017 |title=Heineken in talks over Kirin's struggling Brazil business |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-kirin-holdings-m-a-heineken-nl-idUSKBN154120 |access-date=5 February 2017 |website=Reuters |quote=Japan's Nikkei business daily reported that Heineken would pay around 100 billion yen ($872 million) for the business.}}</ref>[[File:Zoeterwoude 003.jpg|thumb|Heineken brewery in [[Zoeterwoude]], Netherlands]]
==History==
===Gerard Adriaan Heineken===
The Heineken company was founded in 1864 when the 22-year-old [[Gerard Adriaan Heineken]] bought a brewery known as De Hooiberg (the haystack) in [[Amsterdam]]. In 1869 Heineken switched to the use of [[bottom-fermenting yeast]]. In 1873 the brewery's name changed to Heineken's Bierbrouwerij Maatschappij (HBM), and opened a second brewery in [[Rotterdam]] in 1874. In 1886 [[Dr. H. Elion]], a pupil of the French [[chemist]] [[Louis Pasteur]], developed the "Heineken A-yeast" in the Heineken laboratory. This [[yeast]] is still the key ingredient of Heineken beer.

===Henry Pierre Heineken===
The founder's son, {{Interlanguage link multi|Henry Pierre Heineken|nl}}, managed the company from 1917 to 1940, and continued involvement with the company until 1951. During his tenure, Heineken developed techniques to maintain consistent beer quality during large-scale production.

After [[World War I]], the company focused more and more on exports. Three days after [[Prohibition]] ended in the United States, the first Heineken shipment landed in New York. From that day on, Heineken has remained one of the most successful imported beer brands in the United States.

===Alfred Henry Heineken===
[[File:HeinekenExperience.jpg|thumb|Interior of the former Heineken brewery in [[Amsterdam]], which is now the museum [[Heineken Experience]]]]
[[File:Heineken Museum Experience , Amsterdam - Ank Kumar 01.jpg|thumb|Exterior of the former Heineken brewery in [[Amsterdam]], which is now the museum [[Heineken Experience]]]]
On 1 June 1941, Henry Pierre's son, [[Freddy Heineken|Alfred Henry "Freddy" Heineken]], entered the service of the Heineken company, which by then was no longer owned by the family. Freddy bought back stock several years later, to ensure the family controlled the company again, and in 1971 was appointed Chairman of the Executive Board. He was a powerful force behind Heineken's continued global expansion, and while he retired from the Executive Board in 1989, he maintained involvement with the company until his death in 2002.[[File:Heineken logo.svg|thumb|Corporate logo used until 2011]]During this period, Heineken tried to increase its stock price by purchasing competing breweries and closing them down. After [[World War II]], many small breweries were bought or closed. In 1968 Heineken merged with its biggest competitor, [[Amstel (beer)|Amstel]], and in 1975 opened a new brewery in [[Zoeterwoude]]. The Amstel brewery was closed in 1980, and its production moved to Zoeterwoude and [[Den Bosch]].

===Recent history===
Since mid-2007, Heineken has taken ownership of former S&N International brands such as [[Strongbow (cider)|Strongbow]] and [[Bulmers]] ciders and [[John Smith's Brewery|John Smith's]] and [[Newcastle Brown Ale]] beers.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Heineken International Brands |url=http://www.heinekeninternational.com/products_brands_brands.aspx |access-date=28 April 2007 |website=heinekeninternational.com |publisher=Heineken International |archive-date=13 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130513013623/http://www.heinekeninternational.com/products_brands_brands.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> With the part acquisition of [[Scottish and Newcastle]] in 2007/2008, Heineken became the third-largest brewer based on revenues, behind the Belgian-Brazilian [[AB InBev]] and the British-South African [[SABMiller|SAB]]. Heineken owns the Czech brand Dačický, which was brewed in [[Kutná Hora]] from 1573 until Heineken took ownership of it and closed the brewery in 2009.<ref name="Lidovky">{{Cite web |last=Petr |first=Miroslav |title=Heineken Kutnou Horu zavřel, teď se tam výroba piva opět vrátila Zdroj |url=https://www.lidovky.cz/relax/pivo-a-pivovary/heineken-kutnou-horu-zavrel-ted-se-tam-vyroba-piva-opet-vratila.A170602_190620_ln-pivo_mpt |access-date=18 April 2020 |website=Lidové noviny|date=2 June 2017 }}</ref>

In October 2016, following the merger between [[Anheuser-Busch InBev]] and [[SABMiller]], Heineken became the second largest brewer in the world.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Blenkinsop |first=Philip |date=20 January 2017 |title=Heineken in talks over Kirin's struggling Brazil business |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-kirin-holdings-m-a-heineken-nl-idUSKBN154120 |access-date=5 February 2017 |website=Reuters}}</ref>

On 12 January 2010, Heineken International successfully bought the brewery division of Mexican giant [[FEMSA]] in all-stock deal expanding its reach throughout Latin America.  The deal brought brands such as [[Cuauhtémoc Moctezuma Brewery#Dos Equis|Dos Equis]], [[Cuauhtémoc Moctezuma Brewery#Sol|Sol]], [[Cuauhtémoc Moctezuma Brewery#Tecate|Tecate]], [[Cuauhtémoc Moctezuma Brewery#Indio|Indio]], [[Cuauhtémoc Moctezuma Brewery#Sol|Bohemia]] and Kloster. Following the deal, Heineken started selling its products in Latin America through FEMSA's distribution network. The deal made [[FEMSA]] 20% owner of Heineken N.V. essentially becoming its largest single shareholder after the Dutch families (Heineken family and Hoyer family) who owns 25.83% and public shareholders owning 54.17%.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 March 2014 |title=Ownership Structure |url=http://www.theheinekencompany.com/investors/governance/ownership-structure---publish-only |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140415011510/http://www.theheinekencompany.com/investors/governance/ownership-structure---publish-only |archive-date=15 April 2014 |access-date=12 April 2014 |publisher=Heineken International}}</ref> The FEMSA acquisition is expected to keep Heineken in its strong position by growing its market share in the Latin American markets. FEMSA has a massive distribution network and owns Mexico's largest convenience store chain [[OXXO]], which has thousands of locations throughout the country.[[Image:Former Heineken Brewery in Amsterdam.jpg|thumb|Exterior of the former Heineken brewery in Amsterdam on Stadhouderskade and [[Ferdinand Bolstraat]]]]In September 2014, it was announced that Heineken would sell its Mexican packaging business Empaque to Crown for around $1.23 billion.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-heineken-nl-crown-holdings-divestitur-idUSKBN0GW1IZ20140901 Heineken to sell Mexican can, bottle maker to Crown]. [[Reuters]], 1 September 2014</ref> Also during that month, Heineken revealed it was in talks to sell its Czech operations to [[Molson Coors Brewing Company|Molson Coors]].<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-heineken-nl-divestiture-molson-coors-idUSKBN0H40IU20140909 Heineken in talks to sell Czech operations to Molson Coors]. [[Reuters]], 9 September 2014</ref>

On 10 September 2015, Heineken International announced it would acquire a 50% stake in [[Lagunitas Brewing Company]] of Petaluma in California as part of an effort to allow it (Lagunitas) to expand its operations globally. As part of the deal, Lagunitas would no longer be considered a craft brewer as the Heineken stake was greater than 25%.<ref>John Kell, [http://fortune.com/2015/09/08/heineken-lagunitas-craft/ "Heineken buys 50% stake in craft brewer Lagunitas"], ''Fortune'', 10 September 2015</ref>

In January 2017, Heineken announced it was in negotiations to buy the [[Kirin Company]]'s 12 breweries in Brazil.<ref name="Blenkinsop" /> The following month, Heineken closed the deal and bought [[Brasil Kirin]] for US$700&nbsp;million.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Inagaki |first=Kana |date=13 February 2017 |title=Kirin ends Brazilian venture with $700m sale to Heineken |url=https://www.ft.com/content/2d8a21de-f1eb-11e6-8758-6876151821a6 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/2d8a21de-f1eb-11e6-8758-6876151821a6 |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-access=subscription |access-date=24 February 2017 |website=Financial Times |publisher=The Financial Times Ltd |quote=Deal makes Dutch group the second-biggest brewer in the world’s third-largest beer market.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=van Tartwijk |first=Maarten |date=20 January 2017 |title=Heineken in Talks to Buy Kirin's Brazil Assets |publisher=The Wall Street Journal |place=New York |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/heineken-in-talks-to-buy-kirins-brazil-assets-1484916897 |access-date=22 January 2017}}</ref>

On 4 May 2017, after previously acquiring 50% of Lagunitas Brewing Company, Heineken announced it would be purchasing the remaining 50% making it the sole owner of Lagunitas.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Swindell |first=Bill |date=4 May 2017 |title=Heineken buys remaining 50 percent interest in Lagunitas Brewing Co. |url=http://www.pressdemocrat.com/business/6958589-181/heineken-buys-the-remaining-50 |access-date=5 May 2017 |website=The Press Democrat |publisher=Sonoma Media Investments, LLC |quote=Heineken is buying Lagunitas in a deal to help propel the craft beer sector globally amid a rapidly changing industry. |archive-date=8 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508021732/http://www.pressdemocrat.com/business/6958589-181/heineken-buys-the-remaining-50 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In 2018, [[Heineken]] signed an agreement with [[China Resources Enterprises]] to purchase a 40% stake into the company.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 August 2018 |title=Heineken tekent miljardenovereenkomst met grootste Chinese brouwer |url=https://www.nu.nl/economie/5396297/heineken-tekent-miljardenovereenkomst-met-grootste-chinese-brouwer.html}}</ref>

In June 2018, Heineken named Maggie Timoney as the CEO of Heineken USA, making her the first woman to become the CEO of a major United States beer supplier.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Schultz |first=E.J. |date=5 June 2018 |title=Heineken Shatters U.S. Beer Industry's Glass Ceiling, Names Female CEO |work=[[Advertising Age]] |url=http://adage.com/article/cmo-strategy/beer-industry-s-glass-ceiling-shattered/313748/ |access-date=6 June 2018}}</ref>

In June 2021, Heineken's stake in [[United Breweries Group|United Breweries]] of India increased to 61.5%, ultimately taking control of the company.<ref name="mallyastake">{{cite news |last1=Chatterjee |first1=Dev |last2=Sahu |first2=Ram Prasad |date=23 June 2021 |title=Heineken buys Mallya's 15% stake to take control of United Breweries |work=Business Standard India |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/heineken-buys-mallya-s-15-stake-to-take-control-of-united-breweries-121062301710_1.html |access-date=16 June 2022}}</ref>

In April 2023, Heineken completed the acquisition of [[Distell Group Limited|Distell]] and [[Namibia Breweries Limited|Namibia Breweries]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mason |first=Jessica |date=27 April 2023 |title=Heineken completes Distell and Namibia Breweries acquisition |url=https://www.thedrinksbusiness.com/2023/04/heineken-completes-distell-and-namibia-breweries-acquisition/ |access-date=3 December 2023 |website=The Drinks Business |language=en-GB}}</ref>

In May 2023, Heineken N.V. bought back €333 million in shares from [[FEMSA]]. FEMSA would no longer hold any shares in Heineken N.V. and Heineken Holding N.V. other than the Heineken Holding N.V. shares underlying the exchangeable bond.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Heineken N.V. purchases €333 million in shares from FEMSA |url=https://www.theheinekencompany.com/newsroom/heineken-nv-purchases-333-million-in-shares-from-femsa/ |access-date=11 December 2023 |website=Heineken N.V. purchases €333 million in shares from FEMSA |language=en}}</ref>

In August 2023, Heineken announced the sale of assets in Russia to the [[Arnest Group]] for €1 plus a €100 million commitment to repay domestic debt.<ref name=":0" />


==Global structure==
Heineken organises the company into five territories which are then divided into regional operations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Countries and Brands |url=http://www.annualreport.heineken.com/profile/countries%5Fand%5Fbrands/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102040629/http://www.annualreport.heineken.com/profile/countries_and_brands/ |archive-date=2 January 2010}}</ref> The regions are: Western Europe, Central and Eastern Europe, The Americas,  Asia Pacific and Africa and the Middle East. These territories contain 115 brewing plants in more than 65 countries,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Heineken International Heineken International – Profile |url=http://www.heinekeninternational.com/companystrategyprofile.aspx |access-date=26 February 2014 |publisher=Heinekeninternational.com |archive-date=28 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028032402/http://www.theheinekencompany.com/age-gate?returnurl=%2fabout-us%2fcompany-strategy |url-status=dead }}</ref> brewing local brands in addition to the Heineken brand.

===Executive team===
The executive team of the company consists of the following people:<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=17 February 2016 |title=Heineken N.V. 2015 Annual Report |url=http://www.theheinekencompany.com/investors/governance/agm |access-date=5 February 2017 |website=Heineken }}</ref>
* Dolf van den Brink, Chairman Executive Board/CEO
* Harold van der Broek, Member Executive Board/CFO
* Marc Busain, President Americas
* Jacco van der Linden, President Asia Pacific
* Chris Van Steenbergen, Chief Human Resources Officer
* Marc Gross, Chief Supply Chain Officer
* Jan Derck van Karnebeek, Chief Commercial Officer
* Roland Pirmez, President Africa, Middle East and Eastern Europe
* Blanca Juti, Chief Corporate Relations Officer
* Soren Hagh, President Europe

===Brewing plants===
Heineken's brewing plants have been designed and engineered in 4 main parts of the world.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Heineken International Breweries |url=http://www.heinekeninternational.com/breweries_about.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070208093509/http://www.heinekeninternational.com/breweries_about.aspx |archive-date=8 February 2007}}</ref>

====Europe====
[[File:O&#039;Connell Bridge House, or the Heineken Building - geograph.org.uk - 1578573.jpg|thumb|Heineken advertisement on the face of a prominent building on [[O'Connell Street]], Dublin, Ireland]]
[[File:Edificio Monteolmo (Madrid) 03.jpg|thumb|Heineken offices in [[Madrid]], Spain]]
Heineken has 23 operating companies in [[Europe]]:<ref name="hib" />
* Brau Union Österreich in Austria
* [[Alken-Maes]] in Belgium
* Zagorka Brewery in Bulgaria
* [[Karlovačka pivovara]] in Croatia
* [[Starobrno Brewery]] in the Czech Republic
* [[H. P. Bulmer]] in [[Hereford]] in England
* [[John Smith's Brewery|John Smith's]] in [[Tadcaster]], England
* Royal Brewery in [[Manchester]], England
* Heineken France:
** [[:fr:Brasserie de l'Espérance|Brasserie de l'Espérance]] in [[Schiltigheim]]
** [[:fr:Brasserie Pelforth|Brasserie Pelforth]] in [[Mons-en-Baroeul]]
** [[:fr:Brasserie de la Valentine|Brasserie de la Valentine]] in [[Marseille]]
* Athenian Brewery in Greece
* [[Heineken Hungária]] in Hungary
* [[Murphy's Brewery|Heineken Ireland]] at [[Murphy's Brewery|Lady's Well Brewery]] in [[Cork (city)|Cork]], [[Ireland]]
* Heineken Italia in Italy
* Heineken Nederland in the Netherlands
* [[Żywiec Brewery]] in Poland
* [[Central de Cervejas]] in Portugal
* Heineken Romania in Romania
* [[Heineken Srbija]] in Serbia
* Heineken Slovensko in Slovakia
* Pivovarna Laško Union in Slovenia
* Heineken España in Spain, with breweries in Seville, Valencia, Jaén and Madrid
* Heineken Switzerland in Switzerland
* [[Calanda Bräu]] in Switzerland

====The Americas====
Heineken has 9 operating companies in [[Americas|the Americas]]:<ref name="hib" />
* Commonwealth Brewery in the Bahamas
* [[Heineken Brasil]] in Brazil
* [[Brasserie Nationale d'Haïti|Brasserie Nationale d'Haiti]] in Haiti
* [[Desnoes & Geddes]] in Jamaica
* [[Cuauhtémoc Moctezuma Brewery]] in Mexico
* Cervecerías Barú-Panama, S.A. in Panama
* Windward & Leeward Brewery in Saint Lucia
* [[Surinaamse Brouwerij]] in Suriname
* [[Lagunitas Brewing Company]] in the United States

====Asia Pacific====
[[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Luchtfoto van de brouwerij van Heineken's Nederlandsch-Indische Bierbrouwerij Maatschappij in Soerabaja TMnr 10015513.jpg|thumb|Heineken Brewery in [[Surabaya]], [[Indonesia]] (at the time under colonial occupation as the so-called [[Dutch East Indies]])]]
Heineken has 15 operating companies in [[Asia Pacific]]:<ref name="hib" />
* Cambodia Brewery Ltd (CBL) in Cambodia
* [[Shanghai Mila Brewery]] in China
* Hainan Asia Pacific Brewery Company Ltd in China
* Guangzhou Asia Pacific Brewery in China (under construction)
* [[United Breweries Group|United Breweries Ltd]] in Banglore, India
* Multi Bintang Indonesia in Indonesia
* [[Heineken Lao Brewery]] in Laos
* [[Heineken Malaysia]] in Malaysia
* [[DB Breweries]] in New Zealand
* [[South Pacific Brewery]] Ltd (SPB) in Papua New Guinea
* [[Heineken Asia Pacific]] in Singapore
* [[Heineken Lanka]] (APB Lanka) in Sri Lanka
* Thai Asia Pacific Brewery in Thailand
* Heineken Vietnam Brewery Co Ltd in Vietnam
* Heineken Hanoi Brewery Co Ltd in Vietnam

====Africa and the Middle East====
Heineken has 18 operating companies in Africa and the Middle East.<ref name="hib">{{Cite web |title=Our Global and International Brands |url=http://www.theheinekencompany.com/brands |access-date=23 November 2016 |website=Heineken International |publisher=Heineken}}</ref>
These include:
* Al Ahram Beverages Company, Egypt
* [[Amstel Brewery|Amstel Jordan Brewery]], Jordan
* [[Harar Brewery]], Ethiopia
* [[Bedele Brewery]], Ethiopia
* [[Bralirwa Brewery]], Rwanda
* [[Brarudi Brewery]], Burundi
* Brasserie Almaza, Lebanon
* [[Brasseries de Bourbon]], Réunion
* Brasseries du Maroc, Morocco
* [[Bralima|Bralima Brewery]], Democratic Republic of the Congo
* Consolidated Breweries, Nigeria
* [[Heineken Kilinto Brewery]], Ethiopia
* [[Distell Group Limited|Distel]], South Africa
* Groupe Castel Algérie, Algeria
* [[Namibia Breweries Limited|Namibia Breweries]], Nanibia
* [[Nigerian Breweries]], Nigeria
* Société nouvelles des Brasseries SONOBRA, Tunisia
* [[Sierra Leone Brewery Limited]], Sierra Leone
* Sedibeng Brewery, South Africa
* Tango Brewery, Algeria

===Beer brands===
{{Main|Heineken brands}}
Heineken International owns a worldwide portfolio of over 170 beer brands, mainly [[pale lager]], though some other [[beer style]]s are produced. The two largest international brands are [[Heineken Pilsener|Heineken]] and [[Amstel (beer)|Amstel]]; though the portfolio includes [[Birra Moretti]], Edelweiss, [[Lagunitas Brewing Company|Lagunitas]], [[Cuauhtémoc Moctezuma Brewery#Sol|Sol]], [[Desperados (beer)|Desperados]] and [[Tiger Beer|Tiger]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theheinekencompany.com/our-brands|title=Our brands|publisher=theheinkencompany.com|access-date=1 September 2023}}</ref> Other regional brands include [[Heineken_brands#Affligem_Brewery|Affligem]], [[Gösser]] and [[Central de Cervejas|Sagres]] in Europe, [[Cuauhtémoc Moctezuma Brewery#Dos Equis|Dos Equis]], [[Red Stripe]] and [[Cuauhtémoc Moctezuma Brewery#Tecate|Tecate]] in [[Americas]], [[Bintang Beer|Bintang]], [[Kingfisher (beer)|Kingfisher]] and South Pacific Export in Asia-Pacific.

==Ownership==
The shares of Heineken N.V are traded on the [[NYSE Euronext Amsterdam]] and [[OTCQX]] under the symbols: '''HEIA''' and '''HEINY''' respectively. As at May 2023, the shareholding in the group's stock was as depicted in the table below:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ownership structure {{!}} The HEINEKEN Company |url=https://www.theheinekencompany.com/age-gate/648 |access-date=11 December 2023 |website=The HEINEKEN Company |language=en}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"
|+
'''Heineken N.V''' '''stock ownership'''
|-
! style="width:2em;" |Rank !!Name of Owner!!'''% O'''wnership
|-
|1|| Heineken Holding N.V<sup>1</sup>||50.5
|-
|2|| Others||49.5
|-
| ||'''Total'''||'''100.00'''
|}
# Heineken Holding N.V is a public company listed on the NYSE Euronext Amsterdam. Its single investment is Heineken N.V. It is majority owned by L’Arche Green N.V an investment vehicle of the Heineken family and the Hoyer family.

==Marketing==
===Advertising===
Heineken's main advertising slogan in the UK was "Refreshes the parts other beers cannot reach",<ref>[http://www.famouslogos.net/heineken-logo/ Heineken Logo: Design and History]. FamousLogos.net. Retrieved 12 June 2011.</ref> some of which featured voice-over narration by Danish comedian/pianist [[Victor Borge]]. The British TV campaign ran for over 30 years – stopping in 2005.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Walsh |first=Dominic |date=21 October 2005 |title=Heineken calls last orders on television ads after 30 years |work=The Times |location=London |url=http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/media/article581094.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070224024450/http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/media/article581094.ece |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 February 2007 |access-date=4 May 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Walsh |first=Dominic |date=21 October 2005 |title=Attempt to reach other parts with stronger beer |work=The Times |location=London |url=http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/consumer_goods/article580887.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070301224254/http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/consumer_goods/article580887.ece |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 March 2007 |access-date=4 May 2010}}</ref> From March 2011 they have been advertising using the song 'The Golden Age' by [[The Asteroids Galaxy Tour]]. After the success of The Entrance, a web advert (4M views in YouTube), Heineken launched The Date in May 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Heineken lance The Date, sa nouvelle campagne virale sur le web |url=http://www.thebuzzbrowser.fr/?p=3475 |access-date=26 February 2014 |publisher=Thebuzzbrowser.fr}}</ref>

In March 2017 in Amsterdam, Heineken opened a pop-up bakery for five days to promote the yeast used in its brewing. The bread was made by Mark Plaating and proceeds were donated to a local baking guild.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Heineken Opens a Pop-Up Bakery in Amsterdam to Promote Its Yeast – Video – Creativity Online |language=en |url=http://creativity-online.com/work/heineken-bakery/51644 |access-date=4 May 2017}}</ref>

===Sponsorships===
[[File:Heineken Cup 2010-2010 ballon.jpg|thumb|[[Rugby ball]] used in the [[Heineken Cup]]]]
Heineken sponsors several sporting events. The [[Heineken Cup]] was an annual [[rugby union]] [[knock-out]] competition involving leading club, regional and provincial teams from the Six Nations: [[England national rugby union team|England]], [[France national rugby union team|France]], [[Scotland national rugby union team|Scotland]], [[Wales national rugby union team|Wales]], [[Ireland national rugby union team|Ireland]], and [[Italy national rugby union team|Italy]]. Heineken was the title sponsor from the cup's [[inaugural]] tournament in [[1995–96 Heineken Cup|1995–96]], until the tournament ceased in 2014 and was replaced by the [[European Rugby Champions Cup|Champions Cup]]. Heineken continued its sponsorship of European Club Rugby as the principle partner of the [[European Rugby Champions Cup]] returning to title sponsorship of the Champions Cup from [[2018–19 European Rugby Champions Cup|2018–19]]. They have been credited as the ''Founding Partner of European Rugby''.
[[File:Heineken can 2011 UEFA Champions League Final.jpg|thumb|right|A can of Heineken with a logo of the [[2011 UEFA Champions League Final]]]]
Heineken has been an integral partner of the [[UEFA Champions League]] since 2005, with a theme of "Enjoyed together around the world."<ref>{{Cite press release|title=Heineken International Heineken announces new UEFA Champions League |url=http://www.heinekeninternational.com/heinekenintuefaclcampaign.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321180148/http://www.heinekeninternational.com/heinekenintuefaclcampaign.aspx |archive-date=21 March 2012}}</ref> The [[Heineken Open (tennis)]] is a [[tennis]] [[tournament]] on the [[Association of Tennis Professionals|ATP]] [[International Series Tournaments|International Series]] played in [[Auckland]], New Zealand. Heineken also sponsors the music events: the [[Heineken Open'er Festival]], a contemporary music festival held in [[Poland]]; and, since 2004, the [[Oxegen]] music festival in Ireland. Heineken sponsors the Ballyheigue Summerfest in [[County Kerry]], Ireland. In 2016, Heineken became the Official Beer of the [[Formula One]] World Championship after the [[2016 Canadian Grand Prix|Canadian Grand Prix]].<ref>{{Cite press release |date=9 June 2016 |title=Heineken announces global partnership with Formula One Management |url=http://www.formula1.com/content/fom-website/en/latest/headlines/2016/6/f1-heineken-global-partnership.html |access-date=9 June 2016 |work=[[Formula One]]}}</ref> During the [[2019-20 UEFA Europa League knockout phase|knockout stage]] of the [[2019–20 UEFA Europa League|2019–20]] season, Heineken 0,0% became the official beer of the [[UEFA Europa League]] as the season resumed followed with the start of the [[2020–21 UEFA Europa League|2020–21]] season.<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.uefa.com/news-media/news/0260-100ac5525ab3-0fec83ad4331-1000--heineken-0-0-becomes-uefa-europa-league-partner/|title=Heineken 0.0% becomes UEFA Europa League partner|work=[[UEFA]]|access-date=3 August 2020}}</ref>

===Holland Heineken House===
Since 1992 Heineken organises, together with [[NOC*NSF]], the Dutch meeting place at all the [[Olympic Games]], called the [[Holland Heineken House]].

===Heineken Experience===
[[File:HeinekenExperience.jpg|thumb|Inside the [[Heineken Experience]]]]
The [[Heineken Experience]] is a museum about [[Heineken Pilsener]] and the Heineken brewery, based in the original brewery in [[Amsterdam]]. The original building was built in 1867, and was in use as a brewery until 1988.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Heineken Experience |url=http://www.heinekenexperience.com/en/about.aspx |access-date=28 April 2007 |website=heinekenexperience.com |publisher=Heineken Experience |archive-date=9 May 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070509214719/http://www.heinekenexperience.com/en/about.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 1991, when part of the establishment was torn down, the Heineken Reception and Information Centre ({{langx|nl|Heineken ontvangst- en informatiecentrum}}) was opened in the remaining building. In 2001 the name was changed to Heineken Experience.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nederlandse Biermusea |url=http://www.michel-tencate.tmfweb.nl/musea.htm#Experience |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070427122438/http://www.michel-tencate.tmfweb.nl/musea.htm#Experience |archive-date=27 April 2007 |access-date=28 April 2007 |website=michel-tencate.tmfweb.nl}}</ref>

The museum features "rides", interactive exhibits, and two bars. It also gives an insight into the company's history and brewing processes through the years. Visitors receive one small tasting glass and two full-sized glasses of Heineken beer to drink at the end of the tour, both paid for by the 21 euro entry fee.{{citation needed|date=December 2020}}

==Controversies==
{{criticism section|section|date=March 2021}}
===Possible ties to the slave plantations===
On 15 February 1864, Gerard Adriaan Heineken bought De Hooiberg (the Haystack) brewery in Amsterdam.<ref>{{cite web |title=Purchase contract for the Haystack from February 15, 1864 |url=https://archief.amsterdam/inventarissen/scans/5075/555.1.16/start/160/limit/10/highlight/7 |access-date=22 October 2021 |website=Amsterdam archive}}</ref> It remains unclear whether the funds for the purchase of the Haystack came from his father, a cheese trader, or his mother, whose estate included proceeds from her previous husband’s family’s historical investments in West Indies slave plantations.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Smit |first1=Barbara |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qz6eAwAAQBAJ |title=The Heineken Story The Remarkably Refreshing Tale of the Beer that Conquered the World |date=2014 |publisher=Profile Books |isbn=9781782831136 |access-date=22 October 2021}}</ref><ref name="Tortoise">{{cite web |last1=Pagnamenta |first1=Robin |date=9 July 2021 |title=From slave plantations to pitchside advertising |url=https://www.tortoisemedia.com/2021/07/09/from-slave-plantations-to-pitchside-advertising/ |access-date=22 October 2021 |website=Tortoise Media |quote=“Cornelis and Anna went on to have four children. Their second, Gerard, born in 1841, was their first son. At this time epidemics ravaged Dutch towns, and only three of the family’s children made it to adulthood. They were brought up to honour hard work and Gerard grew into an industrious young man, ‘with a sense of adventure and a good heart’. When his father passed away in 1862, Gerard, then just twenty-one, could easily have spent the rest of his days living from the family fortune. Instead, he left the cheese trade to other family members and searched for a way to make his own name. In June 1863 he spotted a brewery for sale not far from the family home.}}</ref>

In a letter to his mother 18 June 1863, Gerard discussed the potential Haystack purchase and his plans for the future. Gerard’s mother, Anna Geertruida van de Paauw, came to own shares in slave plantations in [[Berbice]] (modern day Guyana) and Suriname through her first marriage in 1829 to Pieter Jacob Schumacher van Oudorp (1804–1833)<ref>{{cite web |title=Plantation Schumachers Lust - Berbice Guyana - 1817 Slave Register P1 |url=https://issuu.com/mhewson/docs/plantation_20schumachers_20lust_20-_20berbice_20gu |access-date=22 October 2021 |website=Issuu|date=6 November 2020 }}</ref> who died in 1833. The Schumacher family owned several plantations in Berbice and Suriname, according to records held at the UK’s National Archive.<ref>{{cite web |title=Plantation Schumachers Lust - Berbice Guyana - 1817 Slave Register P2 |url=https://issuu.com/mhewson/docs/plantation_20schumachers_20lust_20-_42e86730de82c7 |access-date=22 October 2021 |website=Issuu|date=6 November 2020 }}</ref> After Pieter Schumacher died, Anna was remarried to Cornelis Heineken and had four children, one of which was Gerard Heineken. Anna died in 1881.<ref name="Tortoise" />
===Price fixing===
On 18 April 2007 the [[European Commission]] fined Heineken  €219.3m, [[Grolsch]] €31.65m and [[Bavaria Brewery (Netherlands)|Bavaria]]  €22.85m for operating a [[cartel|price fixing cartel]] in the Netherlands, totalling €273.7m. [[InBev]], (formerly [[Interbrew]]), escaped without a penalty because it provided "decisive information" about the cartel which operated between 1996 and 1999 and others in the EU market. The brewers controlled 95% of the Dutch market, with Heineken claiming a half and the three others 15% each.<ref name="beer">{{Cite news |last=Gow |first=David |date=18 April 2007 |title=Heineken and Grolsch fined for price-fixing |work=[[The Guardian]] |location=London |url=http://business.guardian.co.uk/story/0,,2059542,00.html |access-date=1 August 2007}}</ref>

[[Neelie Kroes]] said she was "very disappointed" that the collusion took place at the very highest (boardroom) level. She added, Heineken, Grolsch, Bavaria and InBev tried to cover their tracks by using code names and abbreviations for secret meetings to carve up the market for beer sold to supermarkets, [[hotels]], [[restaurants]] and [[cafes]]. The [[price fixing]] extended to cheaper [[Store brand|own-brand]] labels and [[Rebate (marketing)|rebates]] for bars.<ref name="beer" />

In 2004 Heineken and [[Kronenbourg]] (then part of [[Scottish and Newcastle]]), the two dominant brewers in France, were fined €2.5m – with the penalty reduced for co-operating.<ref name="beer" />
{{Blockquote|text=This is simply unacceptable: that major beer suppliers colluded to up prices and to carve up markets among themselves<ref name="beer" />|author=Neelie Kroes, EU Competition Commissioner}}

===Fake craft beers===
In [[Ireland]], Heineken briefly marketed "Blasket Blonde" in [[County Kerry]] from March 2015 to September 2016, and ''Beanntraí Bru'' in parts of [[County Cork]] in August 2016, as locally-made [[craft beers]], from invented breweries.<ref>{{Cite web |title=C&C & Heineken Ireland under investigation |url=https://www.drinksindustryireland.ie/cc-heineken-ireland-under-investigation/ |work=Drinks Industry Ireland}}</ref>

===Investments in Russia===
At the end of March 2022, over a month after Russia started its war in Ukraine, Heineken announced that it was leaving Russia (including with its other brands there, like [[Heineken_brands#Affligem_Brewery|Affligem]], [[Amstel Brewery|Amstel]] etc.), saying that ownership of the Russian subsidiary was no longer “durable or viable.” But despite this promise Heineken hired more than 240 new staff and launched 61 new products on the Russian market in the last year,{{clarify|date=February 2024}} investigators from ''Follow the Money''<ref>Follow the Money (FTM) is a Dutch independent news website for financial-economic investigative journalism of approximately thirty journalists – some employed, some freelancers. See [[:nl:Follow the Money|Follow the Money]] on the Dutch Wikipedia, or their [https://www.ftm.nl/ website] (in Dutch).]</ref> reported, based on an overview of 2022 by Heineken Russia. 

The Dutch brewer's Russian subsidiary looked back on “a turbulent year, with many new growth opportunities.” One of these opportunities being the departure of [[The Coca-Cola Company|Coca-Cola]] and [[PepsiCo|Pepsi]] from Russia, which Heineken "cynically" used to "enter the non-alcoholic carbonated beverage market". Heineken announced more investments for 2023, including more modern packaging and new flavors.<ref>[https://nltimes.nl/2023/02/21/heineken-still-investing-russia-despite-promises-stop Heineken still investing in Russia despite promises to stop], ''NL-Times'', 21 February 2023.</ref><ref>[https://nos.nl/artikel/2464718-heineken-investeert-nog-steeds-in-rusland 'Heineken investeert nog steeds in Rusland'], ''NOS Nieuws'', 21 February 2023.</ref><ref>[https://www.ftm.nl/artikelen/ondanks-beloften-investeert-heineken-in-rusland Heineken breekt belofte en investeert toch in Rusland ('Heineken breaks promise and (continues to) invest in Russia')], ''Follow the Money'', 21 February 2023.</ref> New products launched in Russia included an Irish stout, replacing [[Guinness]] (which had been brewed and sold by Heineken, under licence), after [[Diageo]] withdrew from Russia.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.businesspost.ie/news/heineken-launched-stout-to-replace-guinness-for-russian-market/|title=Heineken launched stout to replace Guinness for Russian market|last=Rogan|first=Aaron|work=Business Post|date=25 February 2023|access-date=27 February 2023}}</ref>

In August 2023, Heineken announced the sale of its Russian subsidiary to the [[Arnest Group]] for €1 plus a €100 million commitment to repay domestic debt.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.ru/biznes/495208-heineken-prodal-svoi-aktivy-v-rossii|title=Heineken продал свои активы в России|language=ru|date=25 August 2023|website=Forbes.ru}}</ref>

==See also==
* '''''<small>{{portal-inline|Companies}}</small>'''''
* '''''<small>{{portal-inline|Beer}}</small>'''''

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Heineken International}}
* {{Official website|https://www.theheinekencompany.com}}

{{AEX companies}}
{{Heineken International}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Heineken| ]]
[[Category:Alcoholic drink companies]]
[[Category:Breweries in the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Multinational breweries]]
[[Category:Beer brands of Netherlands]]
[[Category:Dutch brands]]
[[Category:Multinational companies headquartered in the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Dutch companies established in 1864]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies established in 1864]]
[[Category:1864 establishments in the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Companies listed on Euronext Amsterdam]]
[[Category:Companies in the AEX index]]