Editing Heechee Saga

{{Short description|Science fiction novel series by Frederik Pohl}}
{{Infobox book series | 
| name          = Heechee Saga
| image         = 
| caption       = First edition of ''[[Gateway (novel)|Gateway]]'' (1977), the first novel and second publication in the series
| author        = [[Frederik Pohl]]
| illustrator   = 
| cover_artist  = 
| country       = United States
| language      = 
| genre         = [[Science fiction]]
}}

The '''Heechee Saga''', also known as the '''Gateway series''', is a series of [[science fiction]] novels and short stories by [[Frederik Pohl]]. The Heechee are an advanced [[Aliens in fiction|alien]] race that visited the [[Solar System]] hundreds of millennia ago and then mysteriously disappeared. They left behind bases containing artifacts, including working starships, which are discovered and exploited by humanity. 

==Plot overview==
A prospector on Venus finds an abandoned Heechee spaceship and launches it, with himself aboard. The ship automatically returns to a hollowed out asteroid within the Solar System, later named Gateway. Before he dies from lack of food and water, he manages to signal the rest of humanity his location. On Gateway is a priceless treasure: nearly a thousand small starships, many of them still functional. They come in three sizes, barely capable of carrying one, three or five passengers along with supplies.

The Gateway Corporation takes control of the asteroid on behalf of the United States of America, the Soviet Union, the New People's Asia, the Venusian Confederation, and the United States of Brazil. Through trial and error, they figure out how to use the ships, but not well enough to set the terminus and duration of a trip. Individuals and groups are allowed to depart on these ships, risking (and often losing) their lives in the hope of finding something at their unknown destination that will make them rich.

As the series progresses, humans are able to use and sometimes [[Reverse engineering|reverse engineer]] Heechee artifacts, including a working Heechee plant that converts simple [[Chemical element|elements]] into food.

==Publication history==
The original Heechee novella, "[[The Merchants of Venus]]" (sometimes called "The Merchants of Venus Underground"), was published in the July–August 1972 issue of ''[[Worlds of If]]''<ref name=isfdb-if/> – or ''If'', a magazine Pohl had edited from 1961 to 1969 – and almost simultaneously in ''The Gold at the Starbow's End'' (Ballantine Books, 1972), a collection of short fiction by Pohl. The 1972 magazine story was illustrated by [[Jack Gaughan]].<ref name=isfdb-if/>

Five novels published from 1977 to 2004 also feature the Heechee:

* ''[[Gateway (novel)|Gateway]]''. This was serialized in ''[[Galaxy Science Fiction|Galaxy]]'' beginning November 1976, with illustrations by [[Vincent DiFate]], and was published as a book by [[St. Martin's Press]] in April 1977.<ref name=isfdb-gateway/> Translations into French, German, Dutch, and Italian were all published during 1978 and 1979.<ref name=isfdb-gateway/>{{efn|ISFDB catalogs editions published in six foreign languages: French and German, 1978; Dutch and Italian, 1979; Portuguese, 1986; Hungarian, 1991.}}
* ''[[Beyond the Blue Event Horizon]]'' (Del Rey, 1980)
* ''[[Heechee Rendezvous]]'' (Del Rey, 1984). It was serialized in ''[[Amazing Stories|Amazing Science Fictio]]n'' starting in January 1984, with illustrations by Jack Gaughan.
* ''[[The Annals of the Heechee]]'' (Del Rey, 1987)
* ''[[The Boy Who Would Live Forever |The Boy Who Would Live Forever: A Novel of Gateway]]'' ([[Tor Books]], 2004), which incorporated three previously published stories:<ref>{{isfdb contents|63897|The Boy Who Would Live Forever ''(book)|''first edition}}. Retrieved 2014-12-14.</ref>
:* "The Boy Who Would Live Forever" (split into "From Istanbul to the Stars" and "In the Steps of Heroes"), ''[[Far Horizons]]'', ed. [[Robert Silverberg]] ([[Avon Books]], May 1999), pp.&nbsp;295–342
:* "Hatching the Phoenix", illustrated by [[Vincent DiFate]], ''[[Amazing Stories]]'', Fall 1999, pp.&nbsp;32–43, and Winter 2000, pp.&nbsp;84–96
:* "A Home for the Old Ones", ''Science Fiction: DAW 30th Anniversary'' ([[DAW Books]], May 2002), pp.&nbsp;159–74

In 1990, nine new short stories were published in the first three 1990 issues of ''[[Aboriginal Science Fiction]]''. These, and "The Merchants of Venus", made up the collection, ''[[The Gateway Trip]]: Tales and Vignettes of the Heechee'' ([[Del Rey Books]]); both the serial and the book, also released in 1990, were illustrated by [[Frank Kelly Freas]].<ref name=isfdb/>

A German-language edition of the first three novels was published 20 years later as "The Gateway Trilogy": ''Die Gateway-Trilogie'' (Munich: Heyne Verlag, 2004).<ref name=isfdb/>

==Other media==
''[[Gateway (video game)|Gateway]]'', a series of two [[video game]]s, was released in 1992 and 1993 by [[Legend Entertainment]].<ref name="cgsp">{{cite journal|author=Ellsworth, Greg|date=September 1992|title=''Gateway''; A Virtual Venus|journal=[[Computer Games Magazine|Computer Games Strategy Plus]]|issue=22|pages=44}}</ref><ref name="ardai199210">{{cite news|last=Ardai|first=Charles|date=October 1992|title=Pohl Position: Legend's Gateway|pages=32–33|magazine=Computer Gaming World|issue=99|url=http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1992&pub=2&id=99|accessdate=4 July 2014|authorlink=Charles Ardai}}</ref>

On January 6, 2019; [[Skybound Entertainment]] announced that they have reached an agreement to option Frederik Pohl’s 1977 science fiction novel, ''Gateway''. The deal includes all other volumes in the Heechee saga. Although without a time frame for it, Skybound plans to produce a TV series based on ''Gateway''.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-09-28|title=Gateway TV Series in the Works by Robert Kirkman|url=https://www.nerdmuch.com/gateway-tv-series/|access-date=2022-01-25|website=Nerd Much?|language=en-US}}</ref>

== Reception ==
''[[Gateway (novel)|Gateway]]'', the first novel and second publication in the series, won four major awards as the year's best English-language [[speculative fiction]] or science fiction novel:<ref name="isfdb-gateway" />{{efn|ISFDB lists the annual [[John W. Campbell Memorial Award]], Hugo Award, and  Nebula Award—sometimes called the "triple crown", selected by a respected panel, by world fans, and by American writers respectively. It also lists the annual Locus Award for Best Novel, 8th place in the 1987 all-time poll of Locus readers (All-Time Best SF Novel), and 11th place in the comparable 1998 poll (All-Time Best SF Novel before 1990).}} the 1978 [[Hugo Award]] for [[Hugo Award for Best Novel|Best Novel]],<ref name="WWE-1978">{{cite web|title=1978 Award Winners & Nominees|url=http://www.worldswithoutend.com/books_year_index.asp?year=1978|work=Worlds Without End}}</ref> the 1978 [[Locus Award]] for [[Locus Award for Best Novel|Best Novel]],<ref name="WWE-1978" /> the 1977 [[Nebula Award]] for [[Nebula Award for Best Novel|Best Novel]],<ref>{{cite web|title=1977 Award Winners & Nominees|url=http://www.worldswithoutend.com/books_year_index.asp?year=1977|work=Worlds Without End}}</ref> and the 1978 [[John W. Campbell Memorial Award for Best Science Fiction Novel]].<ref name="WWE-1978" /> ''[[Publishers Weekly]]'' stated that "Since it began with the novel Gateway (1977), Pohl's Heechee series has been among the most consistently daring of SF's continuing enterprises".<ref>{{cite magazine|title=The Boy Who Would Live Forever|url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/9780765310491|magazine=Publishers Weekly}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{notelist |25em |notes=
}}

==References==
{{reflist |25em |refs=
<ref name=isfdb>
[http://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/pe.cgi?875 "Heechee – Series Bibliography"]. [[ISFDB]]. Retrieved 2014-12-12.</ref>
<ref name=isfdb-if>
{{isfdb contents|255433|Worlds of If|21.6, issue 161 (Jul–Aug 1972)}}. Retrieved 2014-12-12.</ref>
<ref name=isfdb-gateway>
{{isfdb title|1884|Gateway}}. Retrieved 2014-12-13.</ref>
}}

==External links==
*{{isfdb_name|id=Frederik_Pohl|name=Frederik Pohl}}
* [http://www.sfadb.com/Frederik_Pohl Frederik Pohl] at the Science Fiction Awards Database <!-- each book article needs this, perhaps as formal reference -->
*[http://www.adventureclassicgaming.com/index.php/site/reviews/86 Review of the game Frederik Pohl's Gateway] at Adventure Classic Gaming (1998)
*[http://www.adventureclassicgaming.com/index.php/site/reviews/81 Review of the game Gateway II: Homeworld] (1998)
* Reviews of the last three novels at ''[[Kirkus Reviews]]'' (1984 to 2004): [https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/frederik-pohl-12/heechee-rendezvous ''Heechee Rendezvous''] (negative); [https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/frederik-pohl-7/the-annals-of-the-heechee ''The Annals of the Heechee''] (exceptionally negative); [https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/frederik-pohl/the-boy-who-would-live-forever ''The Boy Who Would Live Forever''] (starred)

{{Heechee-saga}}
{{Frederik Pohl}}

[[Category:Book series introduced in 1977]]
[[Category:Science fiction book series]]