Editing Heath, Massachusetts

{{short description|Town in Massachusetts, United States}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name            = Heath, Massachusetts
|nickname                 = 
|motto                    = 
|image_skyline            = Heath-Dell Dam.JPG
|imagesize                = 
|image_caption            = Dell Dam in autumn
|image_seal               = HeathMA_seal.png
|image_flag               = 
|image_map                = Franklin County Massachusetts incorporated and unincorporated areas Heath highlighted.svg
|mapsize                  = 250px
|map_caption              = Location in Franklin County in Massachusetts
|image_map1               = 
|mapsize1                 = 
|map_caption1             = 
|subdivision_type         = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name         = United States
|subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1        = [[Massachusetts]]
|subdivision_type2        = [[List of counties in Massachusetts|County]]
|subdivision_name2        = [[Franklin County, Massachusetts|Franklin]]
|established_title        = Settled
|established_date         = 1765
|established_title2       = Incorporated
|established_date2        = 1785
|established_title3       = 
|established_date3        = 
|government_type          = [[Open town meeting]]
|leader_title             = <!--[[Town Coordinator|Town<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Coordinator]]-->
|leader_name              = 
|leader_title1            = <!--Board of <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Selectmen-->
|leader_name1             = 
|area_magnitude           = 
|area_total_km2           = 64.5
|area_total_sq_mi         = 24.9
|area_land_km2            = 64.5
|area_land_sq_mi          = 24.9
|area_water_km2           = 0.1
|area_water_sq_mi         = 0.0
|population_as_of         = 2020
|settlement_type          = [[New England town|Town]]
|population_total         = 723
|population_density_km2   = auto
|population_density_sq_mi = 
|elevation_footnotes      = <ref name=gnis/>
|elevation_ft             = 1729
|timezone                 = [[Eastern Standard Time Zone|Eastern]]
|utc_offset               = −5
|timezone_DST             = [[Eastern Standard Time Zone|Eastern]]
|utc_offset_DST           = −4
|coordinates              = {{coord|42|40|24|N|72|49|20|W|region:US-MA|display=inline,title}}
|postal_code_type         = [[ZIP Code]]s
|postal_code              = 01346 (Heath)<br/>01339 ([[Charlemont, Massachusetts|Charlemont]])<br>01340 ([[Colrain, Massachusetts|Colrain]])<br/>01367 ([[Rowe, Massachusetts|Rowe]])
|area_code                = [[Area code 413|413]]
|blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info               = 25-29650
|blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info              = 0618167<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|618167}}</ref>
|website                  = {{URL|www.townofheath.org}}
|footnotes                = 
}}

'''Heath''' is a [[New England town|town]] in [[Franklin County, Massachusetts|Franklin County]], [[Massachusetts]], United States. The population was 723 at the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]].<ref name="Census 2020">{{Cite web| url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=0600000US2501129650| title=Census - Geography Profile: Heath town, Franklin County, Massachusetts| publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]| access-date=November 14, 2021}}</ref> It is part of the [[Springfield, Massachusetts]] [[Springfield metropolitan area, Massachusetts|Metropolitan Statistical Area]].

== History ==
[[File:Steinkreis Burnt Hill Massachusetts gross.jpg|left|thumb|Burnt Hill Stone Circle, a [[Pre-Columbian]] site in Heath]]

Heath was first settled in 1765 as a part of [[Charlemont, Massachusetts|Charlemont]]. The town, as well as neighboring [[Rowe, Massachusetts|Rowe]], separated, and Heath was officially incorporated in 1785, just a few days after its new neighbor. The town is named after [[William Heath]], Major General of Massachusetts and Brigadier General in the national army during the [[American Revolution]].<ref>{{cite book | url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_9V1IAAAAMAAJ | title=The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States | publisher=Govt. Print. Off. | author=Gannett, Henry | year=1905 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_9V1IAAAAMAAJ/page/n152 153]}}</ref>

General Heath had been the commanding officer and friend of Col. Hugh Maxwell, a local citizen who suggested the town be named in his honor.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=07AUAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA175&dq=%22hugh+maxwell%22+heath Letter from William Heath to Hugh Maxwell, 1781, Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society, Massachusetts Historical Society, Boston, 1905]</ref> In 1784 Maxwell, who was severely wounded at the [[Battle of Bunker Hill]] by a bullet through his shoulder, was chosen to represent Heath at the [[Massachusetts General Court|General Court]] in Boston and obtain a division of the town from Charlemont. Accordingly, the new town was incorporated on February 14, 1785.<ref>[https://archive.org/details/historywesternm02hollgoog/page/n384 <!-- pg=381 quote=leavitt battle lexington. --> History of Western Massachusetts, Josiah Gilbert Holland, Springfield, Mass., 1855]</ref>

Chloe Maxwell, daughter of Col. Maxwell, was married to prominent local landowner and state legislator abolitionist Roger Leavitt.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=S8FYAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA210&dq=%22hugh+maxwell%22+heath+leavitt Papers and Proceedings of the Connecticut Valley Historical Society, Vol. II, published by the Society, Springfield, 1904]</ref> Their son was the [[Congregational church|Congregational]] minister, lawyer, social reformer, editor and fervent abolitionist Rev. [[Joshua Leavitt]], who after his graduation from [[Yale College]] was the first lawyer to practice in Heath. (Rev. Leavitt soon gave up law for the ministry, training at [[Yale Theological Seminary]] and settling in [[Stratford, Connecticut]], before decamping for New York City and a career that included the editorship of ''[[The Emancipator (newspaper)|The Emancipator]]''.<ref>[https://archive.org/details/historyancientw05cothgoog/page/n630 <!-- pg=614 quote="hugh maxwell" heath leavitt. --> History of Ancient Woodbury, William Cothren, Waterbury, Conn., 1854]</ref>) Members of the Leavitt family of Heath and Charlemont provided stops on the [[Underground Railroad]], and in some cases sheltered slaves like [[Basil Dorsey]] who were fleeing the [[Southern United States|South]].<ref>[http://www.nps.gov/history/ugrr/list.htm National Underground Railroad Network to Freedom, National Park Service, nps.gov]</ref>

The town had some farming and other small industry in the nineteenth century, but much of it is gone now, leaving the town as a rural area. One of its more distinctive industries was a straw hat business, where palm fronds were imported from [[the Carolinas]] to be woven by women and children during their free time. Each year, the Heath Agricultural Society hosts the Heath Fair, a small agriculturally-focused fair held two weekends before [[Labor Day]].<ref>[http://www.co.franklin.ma.us/heath.html Town of Heath - Franklin County Chamber of Commerce]{{Dead link|date=January 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==Geography==
[[File:Heath_Union_Church,_Heath,_Massachusetts.jpg|left|thumb|Heath Union Church]]
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the town has a total area of {{convert|24.9|sqmi|km2}}, of which {{convert|24.9|sqmi|km2}} is land and {{convert|0.04|sqmi|km2}}, or 0.08%, is water.  Heath lies along the [[Vermont]] border between Franklin and [[Windham County, Vermont|Windham]] counties.  Heath is bordered by [[Whitingham, Vermont|Whitingham]] and [[Halifax, Vermont]], to the north, [[Colrain, Massachusetts|Colrain]] to the east, [[Charlemont, Massachusetts|Charlemont]] to the south and southwest, and [[Rowe, Massachusetts|Rowe]] to the west.  Heath is located {{convert|17|mi}} northwest of [[Greenfield, Massachusetts|Greenfield]], {{convert|49|mi}} north-northwest of [[Springfield, Massachusetts|Springfield]], and {{convert|106|mi}} west-northwest of [[Boston]].

Heath is located in the northeastern portion of [[the Berkshires]], with the highest point being Burnt Hill to the southeast.  Heath is fed by the West Branch of the [[North River (Deerfield River)|North River]], which originates near the state line and heads south-eastward towards Colrain.  Several brooks also feed into this and the nearby [[Deerfield River]], and there is a large settlement around Papoose Lake, which drains into the Taylor Brook and eventually the North River.

[[Massachusetts Route 8A]] runs from Charlemont towards its terminus at the Vermont border, where it becomes [[Vermont Route 8A]] (this route, however, never rejoins [[Vermont Route 8]], but rather joins [[Vermont Route 112]]). Route 8A is the main link between Heath and Charlemont, where it meets [[Massachusetts Route 2]] (the [[Mohawk Trail]]) and provides access to the region. The nearest expressway, [[Interstate 91]], is accessible in Greenfield.  The town has no rail, bus or air service.  The nearest bus and small air service is in Greenfield and [[Montague, Massachusetts|Turners Falls]], respectively, and the nearest [[Amtrak]] service is in [[Greenfield, Massachusetts|Greenfield]].  The nearest national air service can be reached at [[Albany International Airport]] in [[New York (state)|New York]].

==Demographics==
{{Historical populations | type=USA | align=left
 | 1850|803
 | 1860|661
 | 1870|613
 | 1880|560
 | 1890|503
 | 1900|441
 | 1910|346
 | 1920|325
 | 1930|331
 | 1940|359
 | 1950|305
 | 1960|304
 | 1970|383
 | 1980|482
 | 1990|716
 | 2000|805
 | 2010|706
 | 2020|723
 | 2022|721
 | footnote= {{Historical populations/Massachusetts municipalities references}}<ref>{{cite web | title=City and Town Population Totals: 2020-2022| publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] | access-date=November 10, 2023 | url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-total-cities-and-towns.html}}</ref>
}}
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=January 31, 2008|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref> of 2000, there were 805 people, 292 households, and one family residing in the town.  By population, Heath ranks twenty-first of the twenty-six towns in Franklin County, and 332nd out of the 351 cities and towns in the Commonwealth.  The population density was {{convert|32.3|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}, which ranks twentieth in the county and 327th in the Commonwealth.  There were 648 housing units at an average density of {{convert|26.0|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}.  The racial makeup of the town was 97.76% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.50% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.37% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 1.37% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 0.62% of the population.

There were 292 households, out of which 35.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.7% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 5.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.1% were non-families. Of all households, 19.9% were made up of individuals, and 6.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.  The average household size was 2.76 and the average family size was 3.19.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 28.7% under the age of 18, 5.2% from 18 to 24, 26.2% from 25 to 44, 29.6% from 45 to 64, and 10.3% who were 65 years of age or older.  The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.3 males.  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.1 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $50,536, and the median income for a family was $55,938. Males had a median income of $32,188 versus $25,000 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the town was $24,777.  About 6.5% of families and 9.4% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 10.3% of those under age 18 and 4.8% of those age 65 or over.

During the 1970s and 1980s, many families from New York, Connecticut, and Maine moved to Heath.{{Citation needed|date=August 2012}}

==Government==
[[Image:Heath Memorial Hall.jpg|thumb|right|Heath Memorial Hall, site of town meetings]]
Heath employs the [[open town meeting]] form of government, and is led by a [[board of selectmen]] and an administrative assistant.  The town has its own police and fire departments, as well as a post office.  The town has a library, Heath Free Public Library, which is connected to the regional library network.  The nearest hospital is the Franklin Medical Center in Greenfield.

On the state level, Heath is represented in the [[Massachusetts House of Representatives]] as part of the Second Berkshire district, represented by Paul Mark, which covers central Berkshire County, as well as portions of Hampshire and Franklin Counties.   In the [[Massachusetts Senate]], the town is part of the Berkshire, Hampshire and Franklin district, represented by Ben Downing, which includes all of Berkshire County and the western portions of Hampshire and Franklin Counties.<ref>[http://www.mass.gov/legis/city_town.htm List of Massachusetts Legislators by City and Town]</ref>  The town is patrolled by the Second (Shelburne Falls) Station of Troop "B" of the [[Massachusetts State Police]].<ref>[http://www.mass.gov/?pageID=eopsterminal&L=5&L0=Home&L1=Law+Enforcement+%26+Criminal+Justice&L2=Law+Enforcement&L3=State+Police+Troops&L4=Troop+B&sid=Eeops&b=terminalcontent&f=msp_divisions_field_services_troops_troop_b_msp_field_troop_b_station_b2&csid=Eeops Station B-2, SP Shelburne Falls]</ref>

On the national level, Heath is represented in the [[United States House of Representatives]] as part of [[Massachusetts's 1st congressional district]], and is represented by [[Richard Neal]]. Massachusetts is represented in the [[United States Senate]] by senior Senator [[Elizabeth Warren]] and junior Senator [[Ed Markey]].

==Education==
Heath is a member of the Mohawk Trail / Hawlemont Regional School District, which covers six towns on the elementary level and most of western Franklin County on the upper levels of education.  Heath Elementary School serves students from pre-kindergarten through sixth grades, and students from grades 7–12 attend [[Mohawk Trail Regional High School]] in [[Buckland, Massachusetts|Buckland]].  There is a private school, the [[Academy at Charlemont]], in neighboring Charlemont, and several other private and religious schools are located in the region.

The nearest community college, [[Greenfield Community College (Massachusetts)|Greenfield Community College]], is located in Greenfield.  The nearest state college is [[Massachusetts College of Liberal Arts]] in North Adams, and the nearest state university is the [[University of Massachusetts Amherst]].  The nearest private college is [[Williams College]] in Williamstown, with several others located southeast in the Northampton area.

==Notable people==
* [[Elsa Bakalar]], garden designer
* [[Robert McAfee Brown]], Presbyterian minister, theologian, and activist; made his summer home in Heath
* [[Felix Frankfurter]], Supreme Court Justice; made his summer home in Heath
* [[Jonathan Leavitt (minister)|Jonathan Leavitt]], first minister of [[Charlemont, Massachusetts|Charlemont]], longtime resident of Heath
* [[Alastair Maitland]], Diplomat and consul-general retired in Heath
* [[Reinhold Niebuhr]], made his summer home in Heath, where in 1934 he first delivered the famous [[Serenity Prayer]]
* [[Jackson Temple]], Justice of the California Supreme Court, was born in Heath

==References==

{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.townofheath.org Town of Heath official website]
* [http://www.heathfair.org Heath Fair website]

{{Franklin County, Massachusetts}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Springfield metropolitan area, Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Towns in Franklin County, Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Towns in Massachusetts]]