Editing Hazleton, Pennsylvania

{{Short description|City in Pennsylvania, United States}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name      = Hazleton
| settlement_type    = [[City]]
| image_skyline      = Downtown Hazleton From The South.JPG
| image_caption      = Downtown Hazleton in 2004
| image_flag         = 
| image_seal         = Seal of Hazleton, Pennsylvania.png
| nickname           = The Mountain City, Mob City, The Power City
| motto              = 
| image_map          = File:Luzerne County Pennsylvania Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Hazleton Highlighted.svg
| map_caption        = Location of Hazleton in [[Luzerne County, Pennsylvania]]
| pushpin_map        = Pennsylvania#USA
| pushpin_label_position = left <!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none -->
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of Luzerne County in [[Pennsylvania]]
| coordinates        = {{coord|40|57|32|N|75|58|28|W|region:US-PA_type:city|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type   = Country
| subdivision_name   = United States
| subdivision_type1  = State
| subdivision_name1  = [[Pennsylvania]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[List of counties in Pennsylvania|County]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[Luzerne County, Pennsylvania|Luzerne]]
| established_title  = Settled
| established_date   = 1780
| leader_title       = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name        = Jeff Cusat ([[Republican Party (United States)|R]])
| elevation_ft       = 1689
| population_total   = 29963
| population_as_of   = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
| population_urban   = 
| population_metro   = 
| population_note    = 
| timezone           = [[Eastern Standard Time Zone|EST]]
| utc_offset         = −5
| timezone_DST       = [[Eastern Daylight Time|EDT]]
| utc_offset_DST     = −4
| postal_code_type   = [[ZIP Code]]s
| postal_code        = 18201, 18202
| area_code          = [[Area codes 570 and 272|570 and 272]]
| blank_name         = [[Federal Information Processing Standards|FIPS code]]
| blank_info         = 42-33408
| website            = {{URL|http://www.hazletoncity.org/}}
| footnotes          = 
| pop_est_as_of      = 
| pop_est_footnotes  = 
| population_est     = 
| unit_pref          = Imperial
| area_footnotes     = <ref name="TigerWebMapServer">{{cite web|title=ArcGIS REST Services Directory|url=https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer/5/query?where=STATE='42'&outFields=NAME,STATE,PLACE,AREALAND,AREAWATER,LSADC,CENTLAT,CENTLON&orderByFields=PLACE&returnGeometry=false&returnTrueCurves=false&f=json|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=October 12, 2022}}</ref>
| area_total_km2     = 15.47
| area_total_sq_mi   = 5.97
| area_land_km2      = 15.47
| area_water_km2     = 0.00
| area_land_sq_mi    = 5.97
| area_water_sq_mi   = 0.00
| population_density_sq_mi = 5017.25
| population_density_km2 = 1937.17
| name               = 
| population_footnotes = <ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly"/>
}}

'''Hazleton''' is a [[city]] in [[Luzerne County, Pennsylvania]], United States. The population was 29,963 at the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]]. Hazleton is the second-most populous city in Luzerne County.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/census/profile/PA|title=Census 2015: Pennsylvania – USATODAY.com|work=USA TODAY News}}</ref> It was incorporated as a [[Borough (Pennsylvania)|borough]] on January 5, 1857, and as a [[city]] on December 4, 1891.

Hazleton is located in [[Northeastern Pennsylvania]], {{convert|35|mi}} northwest of [[Allentown, Pennsylvania|Allentown]], {{convert|82|mi}} north-northwest of [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Philadelphia]] and {{convert|106|mi|km}} west of [[New York City]].

==History==
[[Image:Hazleton (2674307151).jpg|thumb|An 1884 illustration of Hazleton]]
During the early years of [[European colonization of the Americas|European colonization in the Americas]], the area which today makes up the city of Hazleton sat at the intersection of two Native American trails.

The Nanticoke path was used by the [[Nanticoke people]] during their migration to and settlement of the [[Wyoming Valley]], east of Wilkes-Barre.

The Nescopeck path ran from the forks of the [[Delaware River]], to the [[Nescopeck Creek]]. It was used by traders and [[Missionary|missionaries]], [[Lenape|Delaware]] war parties, and [[settler]]s.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wallace |first=Paul A. W. |url=http://archive.org/details/indianpathsofpen00wall |title=Indian paths of Pennsylvania / by Paul A.W. Wallace. |publisher=Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission |others=State Library of Pennsylvania |pages=108–109, 113–114}}</ref>

===Sugarloaf massacre===
{{Main|Sugarloaf Massacre}}
During the height of the [[American Revolution]], in the summer of 1780, British sympathizers (known as [[Loyalist (American Revolution)|Tories]]) began attacking the outposts of American revolutionaries located along the [[Susquehanna River]] in the Wyoming Valley. Because of reports of Tory activity in the region, Captain Daniel Klader and a [[platoon]] of 41 men from [[Northampton County, Pennsylvania|Northampton County]] were sent to investigate. They traveled north from the [[Lehigh Valley]] along a path known as "Warrior's Trail" (which is present-day [[Pennsylvania Route 93]]). This route connects the [[Lehigh River]] in [[Jim Thorpe, Pennsylvania|Jim Thorpe]] (formerly known as Mauch Chunk) to the [[Susquehanna River]] in [[Berwick, Pennsylvania|Berwick]].

Captain Klader's men made it as far north as present-day [[Conyngham, Pennsylvania|Conyngham]], when they were ambushed by Tory militiamen and members of the [[Seneca tribe]]. In all, 15 men were killed on September 11, 1780, in what is now known as the [[Sugarloaf massacre]].

The [[Moravian Church|Moravians]], a [[Christianity|Christian]] [[Religious denomination|denomination]], had been using "Warrior's Trail" since the early 18th century after the Moravian [[missionary]] [[Nicolaus Ludwig Zinzendorf]] first used it to reach the Wyoming Valley. This particular stretch of "Warrior's Trail" had an abundance of [[hazel]] trees. Though the Moravians called the region "St. Anthony's Wilderness", it eventually became known as "Hazle Swamp", a name which had been used previously by the [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native Americans]]. The Moravian missionaries were sent from their settlements in Bethlehem to the site of the Sugarloaf Massacre to bury the dead soldiers. Some Moravians decided to stay, and in 1782, they built a settlement (St. Johns) along the Nescopeck Creek, which is near the present-day intersection of [[Interstate 80|Interstates 80]] and [[Interstate 81|81]].<ref>[http://www.hazletonhistory.8m.com/history_origins.htm Greater Hazleton Historical Society<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071216010644/http://www.hazletonhistory.8m.com/history_origins.htm |date=2007-12-16 }}</ref>

===Jacob Drumheller===
In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, the Warrior's Trail was revamped and widened. It was renamed the Berwick Turnpike. Later, a road was built to connect [[Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania|Wilkes-Barre]] to [[McKeansburg, Pennsylvania|McKeansburg]]. This road intersected with the Berwick Turnpike. An [[entrepreneur]] named Jacob Drumheller decided that this intersection was the perfect location for a [[rest area|rest stop]], so in 1809, he built the first building in what would later be known as Hazleton. Though a few buildings and houses were erected nearby, the area remained a dense wilderness for nearly 20 years. At the time, the area offered little more than small-scale [[logging]]. Jacob Drumheller is buried at Conyngham Union Cemetery.

===Discovery of coal===
[[Image:Pardee Hazelton LuzCo PA 1.JPG|thumb|[[Israel Platt Pardee Mansion]] in Hazleton]]
In 1818, [[anthracite|anthracite coal]] deposits were discovered in nearby [[Beaver Meadows, Pennsylvania|Beaver Meadows]] by prospectors Nathaniel Beach and [[Tench Coxe]]. This caught the attention of railroad developers in [[Philadelphia]]. A young engineer from [[New York (state)|New York]] named [[Ario Pardee|Ariovistus "Ario" Pardee]] was hired to survey the [[topography]] of [[Beaver Meadows, Pennsylvania|Beaver Meadows]] and report the practicality of extending a railroad from the [[Lehigh Canal]] in [[Jim Thorpe, Pennsylvania|Jim Thorpe]] to Beaver Meadows. Knowing that the area of Beaver Meadows was already controlled by Coxe and Beach, Pardee bought many acres of the land in present-day Hazleton. The investment proved to be lucrative. The land contained part of a massive [[anthracite]] coal field. Pardee is known as the founding father of Hazleton because of these contributions and initially laying out the patch town that eventually became Hazleton.<ref>{{Cite book|title=History of Hazleton and Area|last=Krause|first=Arthur|publisher=Arthur A. Krause|year=1999|location=West Hazleton, PA|pages=6}}</ref>

Pardee incorporated the Hazleton Coal Company in 1836, the same year the rail link to the [[Lehigh Valley]] market was on the brink of being completed. Hazleton Coal Company built the first school on Church Street, where Hazleton City Hall is now located. Pardee also built the first church in Hazleton, located at the intersection of Church and Broad Streets, and the first private school in Hazleton, located on the south side of Broad Street between Wyoming and Laurel Streets.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=History of Hazleton and Area|last=Krause|first=Arthur|publisher=Arthur A. Krause|year=1999|location=West Hazleton, PA|pages=58}}</ref> Pardee died in 1892. The following year, in 1893, his son, Israel Platt Pardee, built a three-story, 19-room [[Israel Platt Pardee Mansion|mansion]] in Hazleton; it was added to the [[National Register of Historic Places]] in 1984.

The [[anthracite|anthracite coal]] industry attracted many immigrants for labor. The first wave, in the 1840s and 1850s, consisted mostly of German and Irish immigrants. The second wave, from the 1860s to the 1920s, consisted mostly of Italian, Polish, Russian, Lithuanian, Slovak, and Montenegrin immigrants. The coal mined in Hazleton helped establish the United States as a world industrial power, including fueling the massive [[blast furnace]]s at [[Bethlehem Steel]].<ref>[http://www.hazletonhistory.8m.com/coal.htm Greater Hazleton Historical Society<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071216010634/http://www.hazletonhistory.8m.com/coal.htm |date=2007-12-16 }}</ref>

=== Incorporation ===
{{unreferenced section|date=August 2024}}
[[Image:ECKLEY HISTORIC DISTRICT.jpg|thumb|[[Eckley Miners' Village]]]]
Hazleton was incorporated as a [[Borough (Pennsylvania)|borough]] on January 5, 1857. A persistent story purporting that the borough's name was intended to be "Hazelton" but was misspelled by a clerk during its incorporation is most likely an urban legend. The name was spelled with "le" rather than "el" in the earliest references to the Hazleton Coal Co. (1836) and to the town itself. Perhaps the earliest map showing Hazleton (with the "le" spelling) was published in 1843 by Sydney E. Morse & Co. The borough's first [[fire company]], the Pioneer Fire Company, was organized in 1867 by soldiers returning home from the [[American Civil War]].

Many small [[company town]]s, often referred to by locals as "patch towns" or "patches", surrounded Hazleton. They were built by coal companies to provide housing for the miners and their families. The following is a list of "patch towns" constructed in and around Hazleton:
* [[Beaver Meadows, Pennsylvania|Beaver Meadows]], coal was discovered here
* Stockton, founded by John Stockton
* Jeansville, founded by James Milens
* Milnesville, founded by James Milens
* [[Tresckow, Pennsylvania|Tresckow]], formerly known as Dutchtown
* Junedale, formerly known as Colraine
* [[Freeland, Pennsylvania|Freeland]], originally called Freehold (founded by Joseph Birkbeck in 1846)
* [[McAdoo, Pennsylvania|McAdoo]], originally called Pleasant Hill, then Saylors Hill
* [[West Hazleton, Pennsylvania|West Hazleton]], founded by Conrad Horn
* [[Eckley, Pennsylvania|Eckley]], founded by [[Eckley B. Coxe]]
* [[Jeddo, Pennsylvania|Jeddo]], named after a Japanese port to which coal was exported by the Hazleton Coal Company
* [[Hollywood, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania|Hollywood]], part of Hazleton, named before [[Hollywood, California]]
* [[Weatherly, Pennsylvania|Weatherly]], a small borough outside of Hazleton
* [[Humboldt, Pennsylvania|Humboldt Village]], a tiny village outside of Hazleton

===Prosperity and tragedy===
{{Main|Lattimer Massacre}}
[[File:Lattimer massacre.jpg|thumb|A picture taken before the September 1897 [[Lattimer massacre]]]]
[[File:Coal miners in Hazleton PA 1900.jpg|thumb|Coal miners near Hazleton]]
As industry and commerce developed, so did the footprint of organized labor. Nineteenth century attempts by the [[United Mine Workers of America]] (UMWA) to organize in the anthracite region were largely unsuccessful.

On September 10, 1897, after several weeks of escalating walkouts and strikes at surrounding mines, the [[Lattimer Massacre]] occurred when 300-400 strikers near Hazleton marched to the Lattimer Mine to support a newly formed UMW local. Nineteen unarmed [[strike action|striking]] miners, mostly of [[Polish people|Polish]], [[Slovaks|Slovak]], [[Lithuanians|Lithuanian]], and [[Germans|German]] ethnicity, were shot and killed in a confrontation with the Luzerne County sheriff's [[posse comitatus (common law)|posse]].<ref name="Anderson">Anderson, John W. ''Transitions: From Eastern Europe to Anthracite Community to College Classroom.'' Bloomington, Ind.: iUniverse, 2005; {{ISBN|0-595-33732-5}}</ref><ref name="Miller">Miller, Randall M. and Pencak, William. ''Pennsylvania: A History of the Commonwealth.'' State College, Penn.: Penn State Press, 2003; {{ISBN|0-271-02214-0}}</ref> Scores more were wounded.<ref name="Wounded">Estimates of the number of wounded are inexact. They range from a low of 17 wounded (Duwe, Grant. ''Mass Murder in the United States: A History''. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, 2007; {{ISBN|0-7864-3150-4}}) to as many as 49 injured (DeLeon, Clark. ''Pennsylvania Curiosities: Quirky Characters, Roadside Oddities & Other Offbeat Stuff.'' 3rd rev. ed. Guilford, Conn.: Globe Pequot, 2008; {{ISBN|0-7627-4588-6}}). Other estimates include 30 wounded (Lewis, Ronald L. ''Welsh Americans: A History of Assimilation in the Coalfields.'' Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of North Carolina Press, 2008; {{ISBN|0-8078-3220-0}}), 32 wounded (Anderson, ''Transitions: From Eastern Europe to Anthracite Community to College Classroom,'' 2005; Berger, Stefan; Croll, Andy; and Laporte, Norman. ''Towards A Comparative History of Coalfield Societies.'' Aldershot, Hampshire, UK: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2005; {{ISBN|0-7546-3777-8}}; Campion, Joan. ''Smokestacks and Black Diamonds: A History of Carbon County, Pennsylvania''. Easton, Penn.: Canal History and Technology Press, 1997; {{ISBN|0-930973-19-4}}), 35 wounded (Foner, Philip S. ''First Facts of American Labor: A Comprehensive Collection of Labor Firsts in the United States.'' New York: Holmes & Meier, 1984; {{ISBN|0-8419-0742-0}}; Miller and Pencak, ''Pennsylvania: A History of the Commonwealth,'' 2003; Derks, Scott. ''Working Americans, 1880–2006: Volume VII: Social Movements.'' Amenia, NY: Grey House Publishing, 2006; {{ISBN|1-59237-101-9}}), 38 wounded (Weir, Robert E. and Hanlan, James P. ''Historical Encyclopedia of American Labor, Vol. 1.'' Santa Barbara, Calif.: Greenwood Press, 2004; {{ISBN|0-313-32863-3}}), 39 wounded ([[Long, Priscilla]]. ''[[Where the Sun Never Shines: A History of America's Bloody Coal Industry]].'' Minneapolis: Paragon House, 1989; {{ISBN|1-55778-224-5}}; Novak, Michael. ''The Guns of Lattimer.'' Reprint ed. New York: Transaction Publishers, 1996; {{ISBN|1-56000-764-8}}), and 40 wounded (Beers, Paul B. ''The Pennsylvania Sampler: A Biography of the Keystone State and Its People''. Mechanicsburg, Penn.: Stackpole Books, 1970).<!-- ISBN/ISSN needed --></ref> The [[massacre]] was a turning point in the history of the UMW, with over 10,000 new members signing cards in its aftermath. However, the UMW would not be able to capitalize on this momentum and obtain union recognition in the Leigh Valley until the 20th century.<ref name="Blatz">Blatz, Perry K. ''Democratic Miners: Work and Labor Relations in the Anthracite Coal Industry, 1875–1925.'' Albany, NY: SUNY Press, 1994 {{ISBN|0-7914-1819-7}}</ref><ref name=":4" />

Hazleton was also struck by several mining disasters. Notable among these were the cave-ins at [[Sheppton Mine disaster and rescue|Sheppton]], Jeanesville, and Stockton.

Mining disasters were not the only tragedies. In October 1888, a train crash killed 66 people near [[Mud Run disaster|Mud Run]] when one passenger train crashed into the rear of another train on their way to White Haven. It was one of the worst train wrecks recorded in United States history.<ref>{{Cite book|title=History of Hazleton and Area|last=Krause|first=Arthur|publisher=Arthur A. Krause|year=1999|location=West Hazleton, PA|pages=59}}</ref>

In 1891, Hazleton became the third city in the United States to establish a citywide electric grid.{{Citation needed|date=February 2024}} Hazleton was incorporated as a city on December 4, 1891. At the time, the population was estimated to be around 14,000 people.

In the second half of the 19th century, middle class professionals whose industries serviced the mining economy led an effort to diversify the economy in Hazleton and attract large scale manufacturing employers, who could hire from the area's large pool of unemployed women. The local improvement associations who led this initiative were successful in attracting a number of firms, including several mills and a brewery. The Duplan [[Silk]] Corporation opened in Hazleton in 1899, with financial support from local banks, the Lehigh Valley Railroad, and $10,000 from a fundraising drive.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last=Sterba |first=Christopher M. |date=1996 |title=Family, Work, and Nation: Hazleton, Pennsylvania, and the 1934 General Strike in Textiles |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20093014 |journal=The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography |volume=120 |issue=1 |pages=8–11|jstor=20093014 }}</ref>

===20th and 21st centuries===
[[File:Broad Street, looking west, Hazelton, Pa (63719).jpg|thumb|An early 20th century [[postcard]] of Hazleton]] 
[[Image:Altamont2.jpg|thumb|Altamont Hotel in Hazleton]]
[[Image:8 West Broad Hazelton LuzCo PA.JPG|thumb|[[Markle Banking & Trust Company Building]] in Hazleton]]
Leading into the 20th century, Hazleton's population drastically changed. The "boom period" in population was 1885 to 1920.  In 1860, there were only about one thousand people in Hazleton, but by 1880, there were nearly seven thousand people, which quickly became thirty-two thousand by 1920. After the [[Anthracite coal strike of 1902|1900 and 1902 anthracite coal strikes]], mine workers won some improvements to their working conditions, which they were able to build upon in ensuing contracts. The diversification of the city's economy stabilized the population by allowing miners to establish families in the area, with women and children often working in silk or shirt manufacturing for supplemental wages.<ref name=":4" />

The Duplan Silk Mill was expanded in 1908 and became one of the largest and most productive silk mills in the country, employing between 1,800 and 2,000 area residents and with an annual payroll of $5 million. The mill produced about 25 million yards of cloth per year.<ref name=":4" /><ref>[http://www.hazletonhistory.8m.com/duplan.htm Greater Hazleton Historical Society<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071216010639/http://www.hazletonhistory.8m.com/duplan.htm|date=2007-12-16}}</ref> In 1913, 1,200 silk workers, mostly young women, went on strike at the Duplan silk mill and voted to join the [[Industrial Workers of the World]]. The strike was overshadowed by the contemporaneous [[1913 Paterson silk strike|Patterson Silk Strike]], and failed to achieve momentum.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Stepenoff |first=Bonnie |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p504nR3cKXcC&q=hazleton |title=Their Fathers' Daughters: Silk Mill Workers in Northeastern Pennsylvania, 1880-1960 |date=1999 |publisher=Susquehanna University Press |isbn=978-1-57591-028-4 |pages=81–82 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lotorto |first=Alex |title=Wobblies in the Northeast PA Silk Mills |url=http://www.iww570.org/2014/05/wobblies-in-northeast-pa-silk-mills.html |access-date=2024-02-03}}</ref>

The first Hazleton Public Library opened in 1907. In 1912, a new library opened on Church and Green streets. This building was donated by independent coal operator John Markle and is still in use today as the Hazleton Area Public Library's children's department.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=History |url=https://hazletonlibrary.org/about/history |access-date=2024-02-09 |website=hazletonlibrary.org}}</ref>

Coal production began to decline in the late 1920s, but the mining industry still employed nearly 20,000 men at that time.<ref name=":4" /> In 1926, 900 miners at the Jeddo-Highland Coal Company initiated a [[wildcat strike]] over a pay dispute. They were ordered back to work by the District 7 president of the UMWA, who insisted that they negotiate the dispute through the [[Anthracite Board of Conciliation]] as outlined in their contract.<ref>{{Cite news |date=27 November 1926 |title=900 MINERS END STRIKE.; Hazleton (Pa.) Men Follow Advice of Mine Union Official. |url=http://timesmachine.nytimes.comhttp//timesmachine.content-tagging.us-east-1-01.prd.dvsp.nyt.net/timesmachine/1926/11/27/100011614.html?zoom=14.72 |access-date=2024-02-25 |work=The New York Times |pages=5 |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

The population peaked in 1940 at 38,000. With increased population came increased business, from downtown storefronts to large campuses like Penn State Hazleton.<ref>{{Cite book|title=We Were Here Once: Successes, Mistakes, & Calamaties in Hazleton Area History |first=L. A. |last=Tarone |date=2004|publisher=Citizen Publishing |isbn=0-9776684-0-1|location=Hazleton, Pennsylvania |pages=6–7 |oclc=76906868}}</ref>

In 1941, UMWA President [[John L. Lewis]] revoked the charter of the UMWA's District 7 local in response to a 27-day work stoppage by 20,000 miners in protest of dues increases and other union policies. The local was administered by a provisional government for some time and had its constitution suspended.<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 October 1941 |title=TAKES AWAY CHARTER OF COAL STRIKE LOCAL; U.M.W. Ousts Hazleton Staff, Puts in Interim Regime |url=http://timesmachine.nytimes.comhttp//timesmachine.content-tagging.us-east-1-01.prd.dvsp.nyt.net/timesmachine/1941/10/10/87681293.html?zoom=15.69 |access-date=2024-02-25 |work=The New York Times |pages=11 |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

One of the 14 games between [[Israel Albert Horowitz|I.A. Horowitz]] and [[Samuel Reshevsky]] during the 1941 [[US Chess Championship]] was held in Hazleton. The result was a draw.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 May 1941 |title=Split Point at Hazleton |url=http://timesmachine.nytimes.comhttp//timesmachine.content-tagging.us-east-1-01.prd.dvsp.nyt.net/timesmachine/1941/05/28/85501647.html?zoom=15.74 |access-date=2024-02-24 |work=The New York Times |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The remaining games were held in [[Brooklyn]], Philadelphia, [[Lakewood Township, New Jersey|Lakewood, New Jersey]] and [[Binghamton, New York]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 May 1941 |title=RESHEVSKY BEGINS TITLE CHESS TODAY; Will Meet Horowitz in First of Fourteen Games for U.S. Championship |url=http://timesmachine.nytimes.comhttp//timesmachine.content-tagging.us-east-1-01.prd.dvsp.nyt.net/timesmachine/1941/05/04/85488447.html?zoom=15.73 |access-date=2024-02-24 |work=The New York Times |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

In 1946, local milk producers initiated a [[capital strike]], closing facilities and halting the delivery of milk to 100,000 residents in the region in protest of [[Office of Price Administration]] policy.<ref>{{Cite news |date=5 March 1946 |title=Hazleton Milk 'Strike' Still On |url=http://timesmachine.nytimes.comhttp//timesmachine.content-tagging.us-east-1-01.prd.dvsp.nyt.net/timesmachine/1946/03/05/88337269.html?zoom=15.55 |access-date=2024-02-25 |work=The New York Times |pages=17 |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

Before [[World War II]], anthracite coal flourished as a major provider of fuel for the nation. After the war, the demand for coal began to decline as natural gas and electricity became preferred power sources; coal became a less needed commodity. Deep mining, the predominant method of coal extraction in the region, also proved costly and vulnerable to flooding. In 1947, 22 consecutive days of rain flooded many Hazleton area mines and reduced year-to-date anthracite production by up to 35% below normal levels.<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 July 1947 |title=Series of 22 Rainy Days Broken in Hazleton, Pa. |url=http://timesmachine.nytimes.comhttp//timesmachine.content-tagging.us-east-1-01.prd.dvsp.nyt.net/timesmachine/1947/07/25/87788475.html?zoom=15.75 |access-date=2024-02-25 |work=The New York Times |pages=9 |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

Hurricanes [[Hurricane Hazel|Hazel]] and [[Hurricane Diane|Diane]], in 1954 and 1955, also devastated the local mining industry. They flooded the mines and brought an end to Hazleton's deep mining. Unemployment soared, reaching 25-30%. The population began to emigrate at a rate of 1,000 per year.<ref name=":5">{{Cite news |date=21 January 1964 |title=Hazleton, Pa., Defeating Poverty By Aggressive Plan of Self-Help |url=http://timesmachine.nytimes.comhttp//timesmachine.content-tagging.us-east-1-01.prd.dvsp.nyt.net/timesmachine/1964/01/21/97160829.html?zoom=15.92 |access-date=2024-02-24 |work=The New York Times |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> While most of the region's deep mines never reopened, strip mining would continue as long as it was economically advantageous. A new era was about to be born: the era of business and industry.<ref name=":1" />

The garment industry thrived and was invested in by New York [[mobster]] [[Albert Anastasia]].<ref>"Albert Anastasia Part 1". FBI Records: The Vault. Federal Bureau of Investigation. Retrieved 30 December 2011.</ref>

In 1947, [[Autolite]] Corporation was looking to expand operations in the [[Eastern United States|East]] and had been looking into Hazleton. Officials from Autolite came to the area and surveyed the land. In their report, they noted that Hazleton was a "mountain wilderness" with no major water route, rail route, trucking route, or airport.

Local leaders sought to address these deficiencies by soliciting donations from the public to subsidize the establishment of the $3,500,000 Autolite plant. They promised the Autolite Corporation $500,000 and were able to raise $659,000. The initiative was supported by local businessmen, service clubs, and the UMWA. The Hazleton Industrial Development Corporation also took out loans totaling $700,000 to fund the construction of the plant.<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 October 1949 |title=FADING CITY 'BUYS' ANOTHER INDUSTRY; Hazleton, Pa., Dedicates New Plant Brought in by Free Offerings of Citizens |url=http://timesmachine.nytimes.comhttp//timesmachine.content-tagging.us-east-1-01.prd.dvsp.nyt.net/timesmachine/1949/10/19/84226420.html?zoom=15.73 |access-date=2024-02-25 |work=The New York Times |pages=30 |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

In 1959, a fire at the Gary Hotel killed six people. The hotel, built in 1884, burned down costing around $200,000 in damages.<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 March 1959 |title=Hazleton Fire Toll Now Six |url=http://timesmachine.nytimes.comhttp//timesmachine.content-tagging.us-east-1-01.prd.dvsp.nyt.net/timesmachine/1959/03/08/89156971.html?zoom=16 |access-date=2024-02-24 |work=The New York Times |pages=35 |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

Public investment in attracting businesses and diversifying the economy continued throughout the 20th century. CAN DO (Community Area New Development Organization) was formally organized in 1956 by founder Dr. [[Edgar L. Dessen]]. CAN DO raised money through their "Dime A Week" campaign, in which area residents were encouraged to put a dime on their sidewalk each week to be collected by CAN DO. They also solicited donations from businesses and utilities and sold [[municipal bond]]s. The company raised over $250,000 and was able to purchase over {{convert|500|acre|km2}} of land, which was converted into an industrial park on the western edge of the city.<ref name=":5" />

Because of CAN-DO's efforts, Hazleton was given the [[All-America City Award]] in 1964.<ref>{{Cite web |title=All-America City Winners |url=https://www.nationalcivicleague.org/america-city-award/past-winners/ |access-date=2024-02-25 |website=National Civic League}}</ref> Hazleton's economy is now based largely on manufacturing and shipping, facilitated by the relative closeness to [[Interstate 80 in Pennsylvania|Interstates 80]] and [[Interstate 81 in Pennsylvania|81]]. Five [[List of State Routes in Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania highways]] also pass through the Hazleton area: [[Pennsylvania Route 309]], [[Pennsylvania Route 93]], [[Pennsylvania Route 924]], [[Pennsylvania Route 424]], and [[Pennsylvania Route 940]].

The Hazleton Area Public Library opened a new building at Church and Maple Streets in 1969, where it remains to this day.<ref name=":3" />

In 1997, the IWW returned to the Hazleton area in an effort to organize student workers at the Keystone Job Corps Center, but they found little success.{{sfn|Tarone|2004|p=65}}

An article published in December 2002 by ''[[U.S. News & World Report]]'', "Letter from Pennsylvania: A town in need of a tomorrow", reported on Hazleton's shortcomings. It was criticized by local politicians and business leaders.

On September 11, 2004, the Hazleton campaign hall of the [[Socialist Workers Party (United States)|Socialist Workers Party]] was firebombed, damaging the front of the building and burning campaign literature.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jackson |first=Kent |date=14 September 2004 |title=Fire damages Socialist Workers' base: Candidates from the party called on the public to condemn the suspected arson attack against their headquarters on Wyoming Street in Hazleton |url=https://standardspeaker.newspapers.com/image/503941632/?terms=Fire%20damages%20Socialist%20Workers%27%20base%3A%20Candidates%20the%20party%20called%20on%20the%20public%20condemn%20the%20suspected%20arson%20attack%20against%20their%20headquarters%20on%20Wyoming%20Street%20Hazleton.&match=1 |url-access=subscription |work=Hazleton Standard-Speaker |pages=1}}</ref> The building's books were destroyed by smoke damage. A rally held in response to the attack was attended by the Pennsylvania Governor's Advisory Commission on Latino Affairs as well as local religious leaders and the Spanish-language media. An executive from the [[International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers|IBEW]] local 1319 in Wilkes-Barre visited the hall and made a contribution to the rebuilding effort.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Dookhun |first1=Ved |last2=Sandler |first2=Norton |date=28 September 2004 |title=Protest firebombings of socialist campaign hall, café in Pennsylvania |url=https://www.themilitant.com/2004/6835/683501.html |work=The Militant}}</ref>

===Second immigration wave===
[[Image:Hazelton PA Borough Hall.JPG|thumb|Hazleton City Hall]]
The city experienced a demographic shift in the first years of the 21st century with the arrival of new immigrants: mostly from the [[Dominican Republic]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/2018/04/race-rising-anxiety-white-america/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180313095111/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/2018/04/race-rising-anxiety-white-america/|url-status=dead|archive-date=March 13, 2018|title=As America Changes, Some Anxious Whites Feel Left Behind|last=Norris|first=Michele|date=2018-03-12|work=[[National Geographic]]|access-date=2018-03-18|author-link=Michele Norris}}</ref>

The demographic shift was not well received by all residents. In 2004, a wave of attacks against apartments where immigrant workers were living was condemned by the Pennsylvania Governor's Advisory Commission on Latino Affairs.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Christman |first=Amanda |date=19 September 2004 |title=Violence Condemned at Socialist Workers Forum |url=https://standardspeaker.newspapers.com/image/503943479/?match=1 |work=Hazleton Standard-Speaker |pages=30}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last1=Dookhun |first1=Ved |last2=Norton |first2=Sandler |date=5 October 2004 |title=Protest firebombings of socialist campaign hall, café in Pennsylvania |url=https://themilitant.com/2004/6835/ |access-date=2024-02-03 |website=The Militant}}</ref>

In 2006, Hazleton gained national attention as [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] Mayor [[Lou Barletta]] and council members passed the Illegal Immigration Relief Act.<ref>[http://www.smalltowndefenders.com/public/node/6 Text of the ordinances] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070322055321/http://www.smalltowndefenders.com/public/node/6 |date=2007-03-22 }}</ref> This [[local ordinance|ordinance]] was instituted to discourage hiring or renting to illegal immigrants. Initially, the ordinance levied an administrative fine of $100.00 per illegal immigrant rented to and a loss of permits for non-compliance.<ref>[http://www.smalltowndefenders.com/public/node/6 Illegal Immigration Relief Act passed | Small Town Defenders – Hazleton, Pennsylvania<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070322055321/http://www.smalltowndefenders.com/public/node/6 |date=2007-03-22 }}</ref>  Another act passed concurrently made English the [[official language]] of Hazleton.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.smalltowndefenders.com/090806/2006-19%20_Official%20English.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061216233946/http://www.smalltowndefenders.com/090806/2006-19%20_Official%20English.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=2006-12-16|title=2006-19 Official English|website=smalltowndefenders.com}}</ref>

Mayor Barletta estimated that "as many as half" of the estimated 10,000 Hispanics who were living in Hazleton left the city when the ordinance was passed.<ref name="washtimes">{{cite news|url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/national/20060921-110748-4227r.htm |newspaper=Washington Times |title=Towns take a local approach to blocking illegal aliens |date=2006-09-21 }}</ref> The issue was covered by the television program ''[[60 Minutes]]'' in 2006<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/welcome-to-hazleton/ | work=CBS News | title=Welcome To Hazleton | date=November 17, 2006}}</ref> and the [[Fox News]] show ''[[The O'Reilly Factor]]'' in March 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billoreilly.com/show?action=viewTVShow&showID=1245#2|title=Bill O'Reilly: The O'Reilly Factor - Friday, March 9, 2007|first=Bill|last=O'Reilly|website=www.billoreilly.com}}</ref>

The ordinance was criticized as illegal and [[unconstitutional]]. A number of residents (landlords, business owners, lawful aliens defined as illegal under the act, and unlawful aliens)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aclupa.org/downloads/HazeltonComplaint.pdf|title=Initial Complaint|website=aclupa.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130114183233/http://www.aclupa.org/downloads/HazeltonComplaint.pdf|archive-date=2013-01-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aclupa.org/downloads/hzamendedcomplaint1.pdf|title=First Amended Complaint|website=aclupa.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130114115312/http://www.aclupa.org/downloads/hzamendedcomplaint1.pdf|archive-date=2013-01-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aclupa.org/downloads/Hz2dAmendedComplaint.pdf|title=Second Amended Complaint|website=aclupa.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130114115141/http://www.aclupa.org/downloads/Hz2dAmendedComplaint.pdf|archive-date=2013-01-14}}</ref> filed suit to strike down the law, claiming it violates the [[Supremacy Clause]] of the [[U.S. Constitution]] as well as the [[First Amendment to the United States Constitution|First]] and [[Fourteenth Amendment (U.S.)|Fourteenth Amendment]]s to the Constitution. After a trial and several appeals (including a [[remand (court procedure)|remand]] from the [[Supreme Court of the United States|Supreme Court]]), the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit|Third Circuit]] found the ordinance invalid due to [[federal preemption]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www2.ca3.uscourts.gov/opinarch/073531p.pdf|title=Lozano v. City of Hazleton (3rd Cir. 2013)|website=ca3.uscourts.gov}}</ref>

As of 2015, nearly 40 percent of Hazleton's population was of Hispanic or Latino descent.<ref>[https://www.npr.org/2015/10/14/448681982/the-immigrants-it-once-shut-out-bring-new-life-to-pennsylvania-town "The Immigrants It Once Shut Out Bring New Life To Pennsylvania Town"], [[National Public Radio]], October 14, 2015, retrieved July 17, 2016.</ref> In 2012, Amilcar Arroyo, a Hazleton Integration Project board member, estimated that 80% of Hazleton's Hispanics and Latinos were of [[Dominican American|Dominican]] origin, and that many of them had ancestry from [[San José de Ocoa]].<ref name=Frantzconvinced/> Hazleton has the highest percentage of Dominicans in Pennsylvania and the fourth highest in the nation. Many Dominicans had moved to Hazleton from portions of [[New York City]], including [[The Bronx]] and [[Brooklyn]]) and parts of [[North Jersey]], such as [[Newark, New Jersey|Newark]] and [[Paterson, New Jersey|Paterson]].<ref name=Frantzconvinced/> Many of these migrants had families that were relatively large.

Many Hispanic and Latino businesses are on Wyoming Street,<ref name=Frantzconvinced/> the linguistic landscape of which Spier and Ruano (2021) investigated in light of Barletta's aforementioned comments.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Spier |first1=Troy E. |last2=Ruano |first2=Jesahe Herrera |title=An Examination of Spanish-Language Signs and Identity in Hazleton, Pennsylvania (USA) |journal=Lenguaje |date=2021 |volume=49 |issue=1 |pages=1–26 |doi=10.25100/lenguaje.v49i1.10581|s2cid=236068534 |doi-access=free }}</ref> In 2016, ''[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]'' reported that the Wyoming Street corridor was revived from a moribund state. Also, in 2016, the Hispanic and Latino population became the majority, at 52%, with White residents, many descended from [[Irish Americans|Irish]], [[Italian Americans|Italian]], and [[German Americans|German]] immigrants, comprising 44% of the population.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/transcript/transcript.php?storyId=593243772|title=Michele Norris On The Anxiety Of White America And Her Optimism For The Future|date=March 13, 2018|work=NPR.org|access-date=2018-03-18|language=en}}</ref>

==Geography==
[[File:USGS relief-Broad Mountain and Terrains it dominates west of the Lehigh Gorge and north of Tamaqua, Nesquehoning and Jim Thorpe, PA.png|thumb|A [[topographic map]] showing the terrain in and around Hazleton]]
Hazleton is located at {{Coord|40|57|32|N|75|58|28|W|type:city}} (40.958834, −75.974546).<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2011-04-23|date=2011-02-12|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref> According to the [[United States Census Bureau|U.S. Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|6.0|sqmi|km2}}, all land. Hazleton is located {{convert|12|mi|km}} north of [[Tamaqua, Pennsylvania|Tamaqua]] and {{convert|30|mi|km}} south of [[Scranton, Pennsylvania|Scranton]]/[[Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania|Wilkes-Barre]]. The city is located in Pennsylvania's [[Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians|ridge and valley section]] (on a [[plateau]] named Spring Mountain). Hazleton's highest elevation is {{convert|1886|ft|m}} above sea level, making it one of the highest incorporated cities east of the [[Mississippi River]] and the highest incorporated city in Pennsylvania. It straddles the divide between the [[Delaware River|Delaware]] and [[Susquehanna River]] watersheds.

===Greater Hazleton===
Hazleton and its surrounding communities are collectively known as Greater Hazleton. Greater Hazleton encompasses an area located within three counties: southern [[Luzerne County, Pennsylvania|Luzerne County]], northern [[Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania|Schuylkill County]], and northern [[Carbon County, Pennsylvania|Carbon County]]. The population of Greater Hazleton was 77,187<ref name="auto">[http://www.hazletoncando.com/population.asp Population<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071010223637/http://www.hazletoncando.com/population.asp |date=2007-10-10 }}</ref> at the 2010 census. Greater Hazleton includes the City of Hazleton; the boroughs of [[Beaver Meadows, Pennsylvania|Beaver Meadows]], [[Conyngham, Pennsylvania|Conyngham]], [[Freeland, Pennsylvania|Freeland]], [[Jeddo, Pennsylvania|Jeddo]], [[McAdoo, Pennsylvania|McAdoo]], [[Weatherly, Pennsylvania|Weatherly]], [[West Hazleton, Pennsylvania|West Hazleton]], [[White Haven, Pennsylvania|White Haven]]; the townships of [[Black Creek Township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania|Black Creek]], [[Butler Township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania|Butler]], [[East Union Township, Pennsylvania|East Union]], [[Kline Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania|Kline]], [[Foster Township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania|Foster]], [[Hazle Township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania|Hazle]], [[Rush Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania|Rush]], [[Sugarloaf Township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania|Sugarloaf]]; and the towns, villages, or [[Census-designated place|CDPs]] of Audenried, Coxes Villages, Drifton, [[Drums, Pennsylvania|Drums]], Ebervale, Eckley, Fern Glen, Haddock, [[Harleigh, Pennsylvania|Harleigh]], Harwood Mines, Hazle Brook, Highland, Hollywood, [[Hometown, Pennsylvania|Hometown]], Hudsondale, Humboldt Village, Humboldt Industrial Park, Japan, Jeansville, Junedale, Kelayres, Kis-Lyn, [[Lattimer, Pennsylvania|Lattimer]], Milnesville, Nuremberg, Oneida, Pardeesville, Quakake,  St. Johns, Sandy Run, Still Creek, Stockton, Sybertsville, Ringtown, Sheppton, [[Tomhicken, Pennsylvania|Tomhicken]], Tresckow, Upper Lehigh, Weston, and Zion Grove.
{{wide image|Downtown hazleton pa.jpg|800px|Panoramic view of Hazleton overlooking Downtown and the southern section of the city}}

==Climate==
According to the [[Köppen climate classification]] system, Hazleton has a warm-summer [[humid continental climate]] (''Dfb''). The average annual snowfall total is {{convert|47|in}}. Hazleton averages {{convert|50|in}} of rain annually. The [[hardiness zone]] is 6b.<ref>{{cite web | title=Hazleton, PA Climate | website=BestPlaces | url=https://www.bestplaces.net/climate/city/pennsylvania/hazleton | access-date=23 January 2024}}</ref><ref name="USDA">{{cite web|url=https://planthardiness.ars.usda.gov/PHZMWeb/InteractiveMap.aspx|publisher=[[United States Department of Agriculture]]|access-date=2019-07-09|title=USDA Interactive Plant Hardiness Map}}</ref>

{{Weather box |width=auto	
|location = Hazleton, Luzerne County, PA	
|single line = Y	
|Jan high F =	31.9
|Feb high F =	35.4
|Mar high F =	44.1
|Apr high F =	57.4
|May high F =	68.1
|Jun high F =	75.8
|Jul high F =	79.7
|Aug high F =	77.5
|Sep high F =	70.8
|Oct high F =	59.7
|Nov high F =	47.8
|Dec high F =	36.3
|year high F=	57.1
| Jan mean F =	23.8
| Feb mean F =	26.9
| Mar mean F =	34.4
| Apr mean F =	46.7
| May mean F =	57.3
| Jun mean F =	65.6
| Jul mean F =	70.0
| Aug mean F =	68.1
| Sep mean F =	61.1
| Oct mean F =	49.8
| Nov mean F =	39.5
| Dec mean F =	28.5
| year mean F =	47.7
|Jan low F =	15.7
|Feb low F =	18.3
|Mar low F =	24.7
|Apr low F =	36.0
|May low F =	46.6
|Jun low F =	55.4
|Jul low F =	60.4
|Aug low F =	58.6
|Sep low F =	51.4
|Oct low F =	39.9
|Nov low F =	31.3
|Dec low F =	20.7
|year low F=	38.3
|precipitation colour = green	
|Jan precipitation inch =	3.20
|Feb precipitation inch =	2.90
|Mar precipitation inch =	3.55
|Apr precipitation inch =	4.43
|May precipitation inch =	4.47
|Jun precipitation inch =	5.19
|Jul precipitation inch =	4.43
|Aug precipitation inch =	4.34
|Sep precipitation inch =	4.78
|Oct precipitation inch =	4.49
|Nov precipitation inch =	4.24
|Dec precipitation inch =	3.71
|year precipitation inch=	49.73
| humidity colour = green	
| Jan humidity =	74.6
| Feb humidity =	69.0
| Mar humidity =	64.9
| Apr humidity =	61.1
| May humidity =	64.7
| Jun humidity =	73.2
| Jul humidity =	73.7
| Aug humidity =	77.0
| Sep humidity =	77.7
| Oct humidity =	74.2
| Nov humidity =	73.4
| Dec humidity =	75.7
| year humidity =	71.6
|source 1 = PRISM Climate Group<ref name=prism>{{cite web|url=http://prism.oregonstate.edu/explorer/|title=PRISM Climate Group, Oregon State University|website=www.prism.oregonstate.edu|access-date=July 9, 2019}}</ref>}}	
	
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"	
|-	
! scope="col"| Month	
! scope="col"| Jan	
! scope="col"| Feb	
! scope="col"| Mar	
! scope="col"| Apr	
! scope="col"| May	
! scope="col"| Jun	
! scope="col"| Jul	
! scope="col"| Aug	
! scope="col"| Sep	
! scope="col"| Oct	
! scope="col"| Nov	
! scope="col"| Dec	
! scope="col"| Year	
|-	
! scope="row"| Average [[Dew Point]]&nbsp;°F	
| style=background:#ADD8E6;color:#000000;text-align:center;" |	16.9
| style=background:#ADD8E6;color:#000000;text-align:center;" |	18.1
| style=background:#ADD8E6;color:#000000;text-align:center;" |	23.8
| style=background:#ADD8E6;color:#000000;text-align:center;" |	34.0
| style=background:#ADD8E6;color:#000000;text-align:center;" |	45.5
| style=background:#808080;color:#ffffff;text-align:center;" |	56.8
| style=background:#ccffcc;color:#000000;text-align:center;" |	61.2
| style=background:#ccffcc;color:#000000;text-align:center;" |	60.6
| style=background:#D3D3D3;color:#000000;text-align:center;" |	54.1
| style=background:#ADD8E6;color:#000000;text-align:center;" |	41.9
| style=background:#ADD8E6;color:#000000;text-align:center;" |	31.7
| style=background:#ADD8E6;color:#000000;text-align:center;" |	21.8
| style=background:#ADD8E6;color:#000000;text-align:center;" |	39.0
|-	
! scope="row"| Average [[Dew Point]]&nbsp;°C	
| style=background:#ADD8E6;color:#000000;text-align:center;" |	-8.4
| style=background:#ADD8E6;color:#000000;text-align:center;" |	-7.7
| style=background:#ADD8E6;color:#000000;text-align:center;" |	-4.6
| style=background:#ADD8E6;color:#000000;text-align:center;" |	1.1
| style=background:#ADD8E6;color:#000000;text-align:center;" |	7.5
| style=background:#808080;color:#ffffff;text-align:center;" |	13.8
| style=background:#ccffcc;color:#000000;text-align:center;" |	16.2
| style=background:#ccffcc;color:#000000;text-align:center;" |	15.9
| style=background:#D3D3D3;color:#000000;text-align:center;" |	12.3
| style=background:#ADD8E6;color:#000000;text-align:center;" |	5.5
| style=background:#ADD8E6;color:#000000;text-align:center;" |	-0.2
| style=background:#ADD8E6;color:#000000;text-align:center;" |	-5.7
| style=background:#ADD8E6;color:#000000;text-align:center;" |	3.9
|-	
| colspan="14" | <div style="text-align: center;"> Source: PRISM Climate Group<ref name=prism/>	</div>
|}

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1850= 2080
|1860= 1707
|1870= 4317
|1880= 6935
|1890= 11872
|1900= 14230
|1910= 25452
|1920= 32277
|1930= 36765
|1940= 38009
|1950= 35491
|1960= 32056
|1970= 30426
|1980= 27318
|1990= 24730
|2000= 23329
|2010= 25340
|2020= 29963
|footnote=<ref name=2020census>{{cite web |title=Census 2020|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/hazletoncitypennsylvania/PST045219}}</ref><ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly">{{cite web|url=https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/pl?get=P1_001N,NAME&for=place:*&in=state:42&key=5ccd0821c15d9f4520e2dcc0f8d92b2ec9336108|title=Census Population API|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=Oct 12, 2022}}</ref>
}}

===2020 census===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+'''Hazleton, Pennsylvania – Racial and ethnic composition'''<br><small>{{nobold|''Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.''}}</small>
!Race / Ethnicity <small>(''NH = Non-Hispanic'')</small>
!Pop 1980<ref>{{Cite web |title=1980 census of population. Characteristic of population. General Social and Economic Characteristic. |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1980/volume-1/pennsylvania/1980censusofpopu80140un_bw.pdf |access-date=June 19, 2024}}</ref>
!Pop 1990<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pennsylvania: 1990, Part 1 |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1990/cp-1/cp-1-40-1.pdf}}</ref>
!Pop 2000<ref name=2000CensusP004>{{Cite web|title=P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Hazleton city, Pennsylvania |url=https://data.census.gov/table?g=160XX00US4233408&tid=DECENNIALSF12000.P004|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=}}</ref>
!Pop 2010<ref name=2010CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Hazleton city, Pennsylvania |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=160XX00US4233408&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=}}</ref>
!{{partial|Pop 2020}}<ref name=2020CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Hazleton city, Pennsylvania |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=160XX00US4233408&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=}}</ref>
!% 1980
!% 1990
!% 2000
!% 2010
!{{partial|% 2020}}
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|White]] alone (NH)
|27,085
|24,259
|21,741
|14,955
|style='background: #ffffe6; |9,894
|99.15%
|98.10%
|93.19%
|59.02%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |33.02%
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans|Black or African American]] alone (NH)
|13
|47
|135
|497
|style='background: #ffffe6; |500
|0.05%
|0.19%
|0.58%
|1.96%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |1.67%
|-
|[[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] or [[Alaska Native]] alone (NH)
|0
|10
|34
|24
|style='background: #ffffe6; |21
|0.00%
|0.04%
|0.15%
|0.09%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.07%
|-
|[[Asian Americans|Asian]] alone (NH)
|149
|164
|152
|184
|style='background: #ffffe6; |193
|0.55%
|0.66%
|0.65%
|0.73%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.64%
|-
|[[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]] alone (NH)
|N/A
|N/A
|3
|5
|style='background: #ffffe6; |8
|N/A
|N/A
|0.01%
|0.02%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.03%
|-
|Some Other Race alone (NH)
|0
|1
|5
|46
|style='background: #ffffe6; |169
|0.00%
|0.00%
|0.02%
|0.18%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.56%
|-
|[[Multiracial Americans|Mixed race or Multiracial]] (NH)
|N/A
|N/A
|127
|175
|style='background: #ffffe6; |280
|N/A
|N/A
|0.54%
|0.69%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.93%
|-
|[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (any race)
|71
|249
|1,132
|9,454
|style='background: #ffffe6; |18,898
|0.26%
|1.01%
|4.85%
|37.31%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |63.07%
|-
|'''Total'''
|'''27,318'''
|'''24,730'''
|'''23,329'''
|'''25,340'''
|style='background: #ffffe6; |'''29,963'''
|'''100.00%'''
|'''100.00%'''
|'''100.00%'''
|'''100.00%'''
|style='background: #ffffe6; |'''100.00%'''
|}

===2010 census===
As of the [[2010 United States census|2010 census]],<ref>{{cite web|title=DP-1: Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/table/PST045215/4233408|website=QuickFacts Hazleton city, Pennsylvania|access-date=17 July 2016}}</ref> the racial makeup of the city was 69.4% White (59.0% non-Hispanic/Latino white), 4.0% Black or African American, 0.2% Native American, 0.8% Asian, and 22.0% from other races, and 3.4% were multiracial. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 37.3% of the population. Almost all of the population growth in Hazleton (from 2000 to 2010) consisted of Hispanics and Latinos.<ref name=Frantzconvinced>Frantz, Jeff. "[http://www.pennlive.com/midstate/index.ssf/2012/06/hazleton_illegal_immigrants_ba_2.html Not all in Hazleton convinced old town, new immigrants can co-exist happily]." [[Pennlive]]. June 10, 2012. Retrieved on July 17, 2016.</ref>

There were 23,340 people, 9,798 households, with 6,162 of these being family households. The population density was {{convert|4,123.3|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 9,409 housing units, at an average density of {{convert|1901.5|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}.

There were 9,798 households, out of which 22.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.9% were married couples living together, 19.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 17.1% were non-family households. 21.9% were made up of individuals, and 15.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 3.19.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 25.3% under the age of 18, 10.3% from 18 to 24, 24.1% from 25 to 44, 24.2% from 45 to 64, and 16.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 83.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.4 males.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ra-merkado.ru/Pennsylvania/Demographics/Hazleton-city-PA-Demographics-data.html |title=Hazleton PA Demographics data with population from census &#124; ra-merkado.ru |access-date=2017-09-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170916140128/https://ra-merkado.ru/Pennsylvania/Demographics/Hazleton-city-PA-Demographics-data.html |archive-date=2017-09-16 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Economy==
Hazleton's major mining and garment industries have disappeared over the past 50 years. Through the efforts of CANDO and a practical highway infrastructure, Hazle Township's Humboldt Industrial Park has become home to many industries. [[The Coca-Cola Company|Coca-Cola]], [[American Eagle Outfitters]], [[The Hershey Company|Hershey]], [[Office Max]], [[Simmons Bedding Company]], [[Michaels]], [[Network Solutions]], [[AutoZone]], [[General Mills]], [[Steelcase]], WEIR Minerals, EB Brands and [[Amazon.com]]<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS205979+19-May-2008+BW20080519 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081224043135/http://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS205979+19-May-2008+BW20080519 | url-status=dead | archive-date=December 24, 2008 | work=Reuters | title=Amazon to Locate New Distribution Center in Hazleton, Pennsylvania | date=May 19, 2008}}</ref>  are just some of the large companies with distribution, manufacturing, or logistic operations in Hazleton.

In 2010, 6.7% of residents had an income below the poverty level, as compared to a statewide average of 12.5%.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.city-data.com/poverty/poverty-Hazleton-Pennsylvania.html|title=Hazleton, Pennsylvania (PA) poverty rate data – information about poor and low income residents living in this city|work=city-data.com}}</ref>

==Arts and culture==
[[Image:Memorial Park, Hazelton, Pa (68655).jpg|thumb|Historic postcard of Memorial Park in Hazleton]]
[[File:St Gabes Convent Hazelton LuzCo PA.JPG|thumb|[[St. Gabriel's Catholic Parish Complex|St. Gabriel's Convent]]]]
[[File:St Gabes Hazelton LuzCo PA 1.JPG|thumb|[[St. Gabriel's Catholic Parish Complex|St. Gabriel's Church]]]]

===Regional parks and outdoor entertainment===
* Altmiller Playground
* Eagle Rock Resort (private)
* Edgewood In The Pines Golf Course
* Greater Hazleton Rails To Trails
* Hazle Township Community Park & Soccer Fields
* [[Hickory Run State Park]]
* [[Lehigh Gorge State Park]]
* Memorial Park

===Organizations and historic locations===
* Altamont Hotel
* Duplan Silk Building
* [[Eckley Miners' Village]]
* [[St. Gabriel's Catholic Parish Complex]]
* Hazleton Cemetery (the Vine Street Cemetery)
* Hazleton National Bank
* [[Israel Platt Pardee Mansion]]
* [[Markle Banking & Trust Company Building]]
* [[Lattimer Massacre]], which began at State Route 924 near Harwood
* MPB Community Players
* Nuremberg Community Players
* Pennsylvania Theatre of Performing Arts (PTPA)
* Saint Joseph Slovak Roman Catholic Church
* Traders Bank Building

===Annual festivals===
Hazleton's annual street festival, Funfest, is celebrated usually during the second weekend of September. The festival includes a craft show, a car show, entertainment from local bands, and many games of chance. The Funfest parade is held on Sunday (during the Funfest weekend). Valley Day is celebrated in Conyngham during the first weekend of August. Many church festivals are celebrated to preserve the Italian heritage of Hazleton. This would include the Festival of the Madonna del Monte at Most Precious Blood Roman Catholic Church (in Hazleton).{{citation needed|date=May 2024}}

===Sports===
Hazleton was a long-time home to [[minor league baseball]]. On April 14, 1934, the [[Philadelphia Phillies]] entered into an affiliation agreement with the [[New York–Pennsylvania League (1923–37)|New York–Penn League]] [[Hazleton Mountaineers (baseball)|Hazleton Mountaineers]]. This was the first ever [[List of Philadelphia Phillies minor league affiliates|minor league affiliation for the Phillies]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Hazelton to Be Phils' Farm |newspaper=New York Times |date=1934-04-15 |url=https://select.nytimes.com/mem/archive/pdf?res=F60C13FE3B5A107A93C7A8178FD85F408385F9|access-date=2009-09-29|format=PDF }}</ref> The last minor-league club to play in Hazleton was the Hazleton Dodgers in 1950, a [[Brooklyn Dodgers]] farm-club which played in the Class D [[North Atlantic League]].{{citation needed|date=June 2022}}

Hazleton was also home to four franchises in the old Eastern Basketball League, precursor to the [[Continental Basketball Association]]: the Hazleton Mountaineers (1946–48, 1951–52), Hazleton Hawks (1953–62), Hazleton Bits (1971–72), and Hazleton Bullets (1972–77).<ref>apbr.org https://www.apbr.org/ebl4678.html</ref>  Despite advancing to the EBL championship finals on four separate occasions, Hazleton teams were never able to capture a league championship.

[[Penn State Hazleton]] sponsors 8 varsity teams that compete at the intercollegiate level in the [[United States Collegiate Athletic Association]] and [[Penn State University Athletic Conference]]. Penn State is home to baseball, men's and women's basketball, softball, men's golf, men's and women's soccer, and women's volleyball.<ref>{{cite web |title=About Us |url=http://athletics.hn.psu.edu/information/About_Us |website=Penn State Hazleton Sports |access-date=18 December 2024}}</ref> All teams play their games at the Athletic Center on campus, with the exceptions of baseball, which plays at Hazle Township Community Ballpark, and softball, which plays in [[Drums, Pennsylvania|Drums]]. The golf team plays at surrounding courses in the Northeast region.{{cn|date=December 2024}}

==Media==
===Newspapers===
* ''Standard-Speaker''
* ''Latino News''
* ''El Mensajero'' (serves as one of the Hispanic/Latino newspapers in Hazleton)

===Radio===
* [[WGMA (AM)|WGMA]] 1490 AM

===Television===
* Sam-Son Productions ([[public-access television]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ssptv.com/|title=SSPTV.com – Hazleton PA – Official Site of FYI News 13 Hazleton PA|work=ssptv.com}}</ref>
* [[WYLN-LP|WYLN-35]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wylntv.com/|title=WYLN TV 35|website=www.wylntv.com}}</ref>

==Education==
[[Image:Map of Luzerne County Pennsylvania School Districts.png|thumb|A map of [[Luzerne County, Pennsylvania|Luzerne County]] with [[Hazleton Area School District]] highlighted in pink]]
[[Image:HAZLETON HIGH SCHOOL, LUZERNE COUNTY, PA.jpg|thumb|[[Hazleton Area High School]]]] 
[[File:Hazelton PA Library.JPG|thumb|Hazleton Area Public Library]]
The first school was built in the 1830s by the Hazleton Coal Company. It was a private elementary school at the corner of Church and Green Streets (the present-day site of Hazleton City Hall). Hazleton High School (the first high school) was built in 1875 at the corner of Pine and Hemlock Streets (the present-day site of the Pine Street Playground). [[Bishop Hafey High School]] was Hazleton's only Roman Catholic High School; it was owned by the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Scranton|Diocese of Scranton]]. It was opened in 1971 and closed in 2007 (by the order of former Bishop [[Joseph Francis Martino|Joseph F. Martino]]).

===Hazleton Area School District===
The [[Hazleton Area School District]] (HASD) operates public schools serving the city limits. The Hazleton Area School District encompasses approximately {{convert|250|sqmi|km2}}. According to 2000 federal census data, it served a resident population of 70,042. By 2010, the district's population increased to 72,862 people.<ref>US Census Bureau, 2010 Census Poverty Data by Local Education Agency, 2011</ref> The educational attainment levels for the Hazleton Area School District population (25 years old and over) were 83.8% high school graduates and 15.2% college graduates.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://proximityone.com/sddep.htm#pa |title=School District Comparative Analysis Profiles |author=proximityone |year=2014}}</ref> As of 2015, there were 10,871 pupils in Hazleton Area School District. There are three schools in Hazleton (operated by the HASD):<ref>"[http://www.hasdk12.org/domain/29 Locate Us]." [[Hazleton Area School District]]. Retrieved on July 18, 2016.</ref>
*Hazleton Elementary/Middle School
*Heights-Terrace Elementary/Middle School
*Arthur Street Elementary School

All district students are zoned to [[Hazleton Area High School]] in [[Hazle Township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania|Hazle Township]].

===Private schools===
* Holy Family Academy
* Immanuel Christian School
* [[MMI Preparatory School]]

===Colleges and universities===
* [[Lackawanna College]]
* [[Luzerne County Community College]]
* [[Penn State Hazleton]]

===Other===
* The Greater Hazleton Historical Society and Museum<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hazletonmuseum.org/|title=The Greater Hazleton Historical Society Museum|website=hazletonmuseum.org|access-date=2011-04-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715021748/http://hazletonmuseum.org/|archive-date=2011-07-15|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Hazleton Area Public Library

==Infrastructure==
[[File:IMAG4478.jpg|alt=This is a photo of the Church Street Station|thumb|[[Hazleton Public Transit]] in Hazleton]]
[[Image:Walled (8418261483).jpg|thumb|[[Pennsylvania Route 309|PA 309]] just outside the city]]

===Public transportation===
*Public transportation is provided by the [[Hazleton Public Transit]], which operates nine routes throughout the city and neighboring communities.

Several jitney companies operate from Hazleton through [[Stroudsburg]] to [[Paterson, New Jersey|Paterson]] and [[New York City]] via I-80.

===Major highways===
*There are three nearby [[Interstates]]:
**{{jct|state=PA|I|80}} 
**{{jct|state=PA|I|81}}
**{{jct|state=PA|I|476|PANE|nolink2=yes}}
*There are five major inbound roadways: 
**{{jct|state=PA|PA|93}} (Broad Street)
**{{jct|state=PA|PA|309}} (Church Street)
**{{jct|state=PA|PA|424}} (Arthur Gardner Parkway) 
**{{jct|state=PA|PA|924}} (CAN-DO Expressway, Broad Street (Conjuncture with PA-93), 15th Street, Terminus at PA-309)
**{{jct|state=PA|PA|940}} (Fisher's Avenue, Terminus at PA-309 and 22nd Street)

===Rail===
[[Norfolk Southern Railway]] and [[Reading Blue Mountain and Northern Railroad]] are used for commercial rail traffic.

===Air transit===
*[[Wilkes-Barre/Scranton International Airport]] (in [[Pittston Township, Pennsylvania|Pittston Township]])
*[[Hazleton Municipal Airport]] (two miles northwest of Hazleton)

==Notable people==
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
{{Alumni|people|date=October 2024}}
* [[Lou Barletta]], former mayor of Hazleton and former [[United States Congress|U.S. congressman]]
* [[Edward Bonin]], former mayor of Hazleton and former U.S. congressman
* [[Frank Borzage]], Academy Award-winning film director
* [[Hubie Brown]], basketball coach and television analyst
* [[Russ Canzler]], former professional baseball player<ref>{{cite web|title=Russ Canzler Stats|url=https://www.mlb.com/player/russ-canzler-444453|website=MLB.com|access-date=June 3, 2017}}</ref>
* [[Flick Colby]], former choreographer
* [[John Dapcevich]], former mayor of [[Juneau, Alaska]]
* [[Carl Duser]], former professional baseball player<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.baseball-almanac.com/players/player.php?p=duserca01|title=Carl Duser Baseball Stats by Baseball Almanac|publisher=Baseball Almanac, Inc.|website=www.baseball-almanac.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/d/duserca01.shtml|title=Carl Duser Stats - Baseball-Reference.com|website=Baseball-Reference.com}}</ref>
* [[Todd A. Eachus]], former Pennsylvania State Representative
* [[Dan Flood]], former U.S. congressman
* [[Thomas R. Kline]], lawyer
* [[Sarah Knauss]], longest documented living American, world's third longest living documented person (until age 119)
* [[Norm Larker]] ([[Beaver Meadows, Pennsylvania|Beaver Meadows]]), player for the LA Dodgers
* [[Charles Lemmond]], former state senator
* [[Sherrie Levine]], photographer and appropriation artist
* [[H. Craig Lewis]], former state senator
* [[Joe Maddon]], [[Major League Baseball]] manager
* [[Don Malkames]], cinematographer
* [[Tom Matchick]], MLB player
* [[David Micahnik]] (born 1938), Olympic fencer
* [[Judith Nathan]], wife of former [[New York City Mayor]] [[Rudolph Giuliani]]
* [[Jack Palance]] ([[Hazle Township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania|Hazle Township]]), Oscar-winning actor
* [[Eddie Rambeau]], singer, songwriter, and actor.
* [[Andrew Soltis]], [[chess grandmaster]]
* [[Dominique Dunne#Murder|John Thomas Sweeney]], murderer of [[Dominique Dunne]]
* [[Mike Tresh]], MLB catcher
* [[Bob Tucker (American football)|Bob Tucker]], NFL tight end with the [[New York Giants]]
* [[June Winters]], actress and singer
{{Div col end}}

==Sister cities==
{{unreferenced section|date=August 2018}}
Hazleton's [[sister cities]] are:
*{{flagicon|IRL}} [[Donegal (town)|Donegal]], [[Limerick]], [[Letterkenny]] - Ireland
*{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Corleone, Italy|Corleone]], [[Cilento]], [[Bellagio, Lombardy|Bellagio]], [[Positano]], [[Capri (town)|Capri]], [[Campania]] - Italy
*{{flagicon|IRQ}} [[Ayn al-Tamr]] - Iraq

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
{{wikivoyage|Hazleton}}
*{{Official website|http://www.hazletoncity.org }}
*{{Cite NSRW|wstitle=Hazleton, Pa.|short=x}}

{{Luzerne County, Pennsylvania}}
{{Wyoming Valley}}
{{Pennsylvania}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Hazleton, Pennsylvania| ]]
[[Category:Cities in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:Cities in Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:Coal towns in Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:Municipalities of the Anthracite Coal Region of Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:Northeastern Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1780]]