Editing Hawthorne, Florida

{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Use shortened footnotes|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- Basic info  ---------------->
|name                     = Hawthorne, Florida
|official_name            = City of Hawthorne
|other_name               = 
|native_name              = <!-- for cities whose native name is not in English -->
|nickname                 = 
|settlement_type          = [[City (Florida)|City]]
|motto                    = 
<!-- images and maps  ----------->
|image_skyline            =
|imagesize                = 
|image_caption            = Mural depicting Hawthorne's history
|image_flag               = 
|flag_size                = 
|image_seal               = 
|seal_size                = 
|image_shield             = 
|shield_size              = 
|image_blank_emblem       = 
|blank_emblem_type        = 
|blank_emblem_size        = 
|image_map                = Alachua_County_Florida_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Hawthorne_Highlighted.svg
|mapsize                  = 250x200px
|map_caption              = Location in [[Alachua County, Florida|Alachua County]] and the state of [[Florida]]
|pushpin_map              = <!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map -->
|pushpin_map_caption      = 
|pushpin_mapsize          = 
<!-- Location ------------------>
|subdivision_type         = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name         = {{flag|United States}}
|subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1        = {{flag|Florida}}
|subdivision_type2        = [[List of counties in Florida|County]]
|subdivision_name2        = {{noflag|[[Alachua County, Florida|Alachua]]}}
|subdivision_type4        = 
|subdivision_name4        = 
<!-- Politics ----------------->
|government_footnotes     = <ref>{{cite web |title=Mayor & City Commission {{!}} Hawthorne FL |url=https://www.cityofhawthorne.net/mayor-city-commission |website=www.cityofhawthorne.net}}</ref>
|government_type          = [[Council–manager government|Commission–Manager]]
|leader_title             = [[Mayor]]
|leader_name              = Jacquelyn Randall
|leader_title1            = [[Vice Mayor]]
|leader_name1             = Patricia Bouie-Hutchinson
|leader_title2            = [[City commission government|Commissioners]]
|leader_name2             = Tommie Howard Jr.,<br />Raymond Cue, and<br />Randy Martin
|leader_title3            = [[City Manager]]
|leader_name3             = John Martin
|leader_title4            = [[City Clerk]]
|leader_name4             = LaKesha Hawkins-McGruder
|established_title        = [[Settler colonialism|Settled (Waits Crossing-Jamestown)]]
|established_date         = {{circa|1853-Late 1870s|lk=yes}}{{sfn|Historic Hawthorne|1996|p=23}}{{sfn|Census Reports|1884|p=13}}{{sfn|Florida Fact|1992}}
|established_title2       = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated<br>(City of Hawthorn)]]
|established_date2        = June 23, 1881<ref name=HawInc>{{Cite web|title=MUNICIPAL DIRECTORY: City of Hawthorne|url=https://www.floridaleagueofcities.com/research-resources/municipal-directory|website=www.floridaleagueofcities.com}}</ref><ref name=htInc>{{Cite web|title=FLORIDA CITIES BY INCORPORATION YEAR WITH INCORPORATION & DISSOLUTION INFO|url=https://www.flcities.com/docs/default-source/research-institute-reports/2020citiesbyincorporationwithinfo.pdf?sfvrsn=5009d6d5_0|website=www.flcities.com}}</ref>{{sfn|Postal History}}
|established_title3       = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated<br>(City of Hawthorne)]]
|established_date3        = 1950{{sfn|Postal History}}
<!-- Area    --------------------->
|unit_pref                = Imperial
|area_footnotes           = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020">{{cite web|title=2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_12.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 31, 2021}}</ref>
|area_total_km2           = 19.79
|area_land_km2            = 19.11
|area_water_km2           = 0.68
|area_total_sq_mi         = 7.64
|area_land_sq_mi          = 7.38
|area_water_sq_mi         = 0.26
|area_water_percent       = 
|area_urban_sq_mi         = 
|area_metro_sq_mi         = 
|area_blank1_sq_mi        = 
<!-- Population   ----------------------->
|population_as_of         = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
|population_footnotes     = 
|population_note          = 
|population_total         = 1478
|population_density_km2   = 77.33
|population_density_sq_mi = 200.27
|population_density_metro_sq_mi   = 
|population_density_urban_sq_mi   = 
|population_density_blank1_sq_mi  = 
<!-- General information  --------------->
|timezone                 = [[North American Eastern Time Zone|Eastern (EST)]]
|utc_offset               = -5
|timezone_DST             = EDT
|utc_offset_DST           = -4
|coordinates              = {{coord|29|35|17|N|82|5|2|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}}{{sfn|US Gazetteer files|2018}}
|elevation_footnotes      = <!--for references: use <ref> tags-->
|elevation_m              = 45
|elevation_ft             = 148
<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->
|postal_code_type         = [[ZIP code]]
|postal_code              = 32640
|area_code                = [[Area code 352|352]]
|blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info               = 12-29275{{sfn|US Gazetteer files|2018}}
|blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info              = 0283829{{sfn|Geonames|2008}}
|website                  = {{URL|www.cityofhawthorne.net}}
|footnotes                = 
|pop_est_as_of            = 
|pop_est_footnotes        = 
|population_est           = 
}}

'''Hawthorne''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=En-us-Hawthorne.ogg|ˈ|h|ɔː|θ|oʊ|r|n}}) is a city in [[Alachua County, Florida|Alachua County]], [[Florida]], United States, incorporated in 1881. [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas]] had been living in the area since around 100 CE; Hawthorne grew around their trading trails. Throughout its history, Hawthorne has been known for its agriculture, railroad, and rural lifestyle. Hawthorne's population was 1,478 at the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], up from 1,417 at the 2010 census, with an area of {{convert|7.38|sqmi|abbr=on}}. It is part of the [[Gainesville, Florida]] [[Gainesville metropolitan area, Florida|Metropolitan Statistical Area]].

==History==

People have been living in the Hawthorne area since the mid-[[Woodland period]]; a [[Cades Pond culture]] (100–600 CE) mound is near the city,{{sfn|Hemmings|1978|pp=142–143}} and an [[Alachua culture]] (600–1700 CE) campsite was found in Hawthorne with aboriginal ceramics and [[Stone tool|lithics]].{{sfn|Historic Hawthorne|1996|p=22}}{{sfn|Florida Master File|1990|loc=AL02562}} [[Timucua language|Timucua-speaking]] natives were living in [[North Florida]] when the Spanish arrived during the 16th century. Natives in Alachua County were allied with Chief Potano, and those in [[Palatka, Florida|Palatka]] were allied with Chief Utina.{{sfn|Milanich|1996|pp=52-53}} In 1774, [[William Bartram]] traveled between western Alachua County and the Palatka area on what he called an "old Spanish highway",{{sfn|Bartram|2012}} an "old Indian and trading trail" which passed through the Hawthorne area.{{sfn|Historical Marker Database|2017}}{{sfn|Historical Marker}}{{sfn|Historical Marker Back}} Hawthorne's history is tied to its crossroads.{{sfn|Historic Hawthorne|1996|p=26}}

A road between [[Micanopy, Florida|Micanopy]] and Palatka via the Hawthorne area appears on an 1837 map.{{sfn|Lee|1837}} During the 1840s, a mill was constructed on Little Orange Creek, {{convert|1.5|mi}} east of the center of present-day Hawthorne. The Pleasant Grove Baptist Church was founded at this time, and a post office opened at the mill in 1854. In 1869, the area's first school opened in a log cabin.{{sfn|Historic Hawthorne|1996|p=23}}

[[Phosphate]] was discovered near Hawthorne during the late 1870s. Near the same time, the first subdivision was [[plat]]ted. The area had been previously known as '''''Jamestown''''', named after James M. Hawthorn.{{sfn|Historic Hawthorne|1996|p=23}}{{sfn|Census Reports|1884|p=13}}{{sfn|Florida Fact|1992}} A second subdivision, '''''Waits Crossing''''', was platted in 1881. The subdivisions provided north–south and east–west rights-of-way, which brought rail service.{{sfn|Historic Hawthorne|1996|p=24}} Track was first laid by the Peninsula Railroad in Hawthorne in 1879 for a north–south line intended to connect [[Waldo, Florida|Waldo]] and [[Ocala, Florida|Ocala]]. Near the same time, track laid by the [[Florida Southern Railway|Florida Southern Railroad]] reached Hawthorne; its east–west line was intended to connect Palatka and [[Gainesville, Florida|Gainesville]].{{sfn|Historic Hawthorne|1996|p=32}}{{sfn|Census Reports|1884|p=9}} Each railroad company had a depot in the Hawthorne area, about a half-mile apart.{{sfn|Historic Hawthorne|1996|p=41}} A Hawthorn post office was established in 1880, and its spelling was changed to Hawthorne in 1950.{{sfn|Postal History}}

On June 23, 1881, 36 years after Florida became a state, the state legislature officially created the municipal corporation as the '''''City of Hawthorn''''' (and in 1950, it was officially named the "'''City of Hawthorne'''", with the "e" added to Hawthorne).<ref name=HawInc/><ref name=htInc/>{{sfn|Postal History}}{{sfn|Historic Hawthorne|1996|p=24}} Florida Southern began selling land granted to it by the state almost a decade after the railroads were built, including land in Hawthorne described as "in the heart of a famous vegetable region ... large public school, churches, stores, hotels, three cotton gins, wagon repair shop."{{sfn|Matthews|1888}} At this time, Hawthorne was known for its hunting and fishing and "Northern sportsmen frequented the area to enjoy" it. Sportsmen could stay at William Shepard Moore's hotel; he served breakfast early and had hunting dogs, guides, and horses available.{{sfn|Historic Alachua County|p=163}}

During the 1880s many orange groves were planted in the Hawthorne area,{{sfn|Historic Alachua County|p=163}} but after the 1894 [[Great Freeze]] ruined citrus trees, growers switched to vegetables; the area became known for [[Sea Island cotton]] (Pima cotton) around the turn of the 20th century although it had been grown there since at least the early 1880s.{{sfn|Historic Hawthorne|1996|p=25}}{{sfn|Eden of the South}} The [[boll weevil#Infestation|boll weevil]] halted the cotton trade, however, and Hawthorne diversified into brickmaking, other agriculture, [[turpentine]] production, and railroad work.{{sfn|Historic Hawthorne|1996|p=45}} Because two rail lines crossed in the city, it became a transfer point; there was no passenger station, however, and travelers had to walk (or ride) to the connecting line's depot. The Florida state railroad commission declared that the depots were inadequate to accommodate the "traveling public", and required the rail companies to build a [[Racial segregation in the United States|segregated]] [[Union station|union]] passenger station in Hawthorne by November 1912.{{sfn|Railroad Commission Report|1908|pp=58-59}} Hawthorne was a bustling community in 1913 with a cotton gin, a bank, four general stores, a drug store, three hotels, and two furniture stores.{{sfn|Historic Alachua County|p=164}}

The city experienced a boom during the 1920s; by late in the decade, Hawthorne had a bank, high school, ice and electric plants, a Western Union, a [[Railway Express Agency]], and a telephone exchange.{{sfn|Historic Hawthorne|1996|p=48}} Although the city suffered during the [[Great Depression in the United States|Great Depression]], daily rail service continued; Highway 20 was paved, and a bridge was built over the railroad tracks. The area remained an agricultural center.{{sfn|Historic Hawthorne|1996|p=51}}

The original city hall burned during the mid-to-late 1930s and was replaced by a "white stucco building with Mediterranean influence",{{sfn|Historic Hawthorne|1996|pp=50, 88}} which was Hawthorne's city hall until 2018.{{sfn|Matheson Museum Photograph Collection}} That year, the city hall moved down the street to an old bank building on the corner of County Road 2082, and the old city-hall building began use as a community center.{{sfn|WCJB ABC20 CH|2018}}{{sfn|City of Hawthorne Community Center}}

During the 1940s, agriculture declined because the land had not been replenished.{{sfn|Historic Hawthorne|1996|p=53}} The pulpwood industry began when National Container (a box company later purchased by [[Owens-Illinois]]){{sfn|Florida Memory|1950}} bought {{convert|15000|acre|ha}} in the area. A state forest was created south of Hawthorne with {{convert|40000|acre|ha}} of purchased land.{{sfn|Historic Hawthorne|1996|p=52}} While there was not much growth after World War II, Hawthorne was still a center for hunting and fishing.{{sfn|Historic Alachua County|p=164}} Little growth occurred in the 1950s and 1960s; Hawthorne was known for its [[lima bean]]s, and more farmland was sold to lumber companies. Trees were still tapped for turpentine before that industry ended in the late 1950s. US&nbsp;301, built during the early 1960s, bypassed downtown Hawthorne to reduce driving times.{{sfn|Historic Hawthorne|1996|p=53}}

Growth revived somewhat during the 1970s. As automobiles became the dominant means of transportation, passenger trains and buses stopped serving the city. Many residents began commuting to Gainesville to work after local industries declined. The area's rural lifestyle became appreciated during the 1980s, although local jobs still existed at sand mines, chicken ranches, and plywood mills.{{sfn|Historic Hawthorne|1996|pp=53,55}} Since the 1980s, Hawthorne has experienced little population growth.{{efn|See historical population table in [[#Demographics|demographics]] section.}}

The city of Hawthorne annexed approximately 1,300 acres owned by Plum Creek Land Company in 2015.{{sfn|WUFT, October 17,|2019}} 
<gallery mode="packed" heights="160px">

Morrison%27s_Mill,_Hawthorne,_Florida.jpg|alt=Small wooden mill|Morrison's Mill, c. 1850
N047919.jpg|alt=Photo of an older, bearded man wearing a dark hat|James M. Hawthorn, c. 1890
Hawthorne, Florida, Cotton Gin 18--?.jpg|alt=Two women standing in front of a wooden building|Cotton gin, c. 1900
Hawthorne, Florida Railroad Station, 1914.jpg|alt=Two men standing in front of the Hawthorne train station|Railroad station, 1914
Hawthorne, Florida, historical marker (SE 221st ST), front.jpg|alt=Front of historical marker, with text|Historical marker, front
Hawthorne, Florida, historical marker (SE 221st ST).jpg|alt=Reverse of marker, with text continuing|Historical marker, reverse
Hawthorne FL city hall and water tower01.jpg|alt=Two-story corner building with a water tower behind it|Old city hall, c. 2008
Hawthorne, Florida, City Hall 2018.jpg|alt=One-story white building|New city hall, 2018
</gallery>

==Geography==
The approximate coordinates for the City of Hawthorne is located in [[North Central Florida]] at {{coord|29|35|17|N|82|5|2|W|}}.

Hawthorne is on the eastern boundary of Alachua County, and a portion of the city borders the Alachua–[[Putnam County, Florida|Putnam]] county line.{{sfn|Alachua County Property Appraiser|2018}} It is {{convert|17|mi|km}} east of Gainesville, the largest city in the county.<ref>{{cite news |last=Dooley |first=Pat |date=February 20, 2004 |title=Hawthorne completes its field of dreams |url=https://www.gainesville.com/sports/20040220/hawthorne--completes-its--field-of-dreams |work=Gainesville Sun |access-date=September 13, 2019}}</ref> According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|7.06|sqmi|abbr=on}}; {{convert|6.802|sqmi|abbr=on}} is land, and {{convert|0.258|sqmi|abbr=on}} is water.{{sfn|US Gazetteer files|2018}}

==Climate==
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild winters. According to the [[Köppen climate classification]], the City of Hawthorne has a [[humid subtropical climate]] zone (''Cfa'').

==Demographics==

{{US Census population
|1900= 296
|1910= 324
|1920= 543
|1930= 600
|1940= 741
|1950= 1058
|1960= 1167
|1970= 1126
|1980= 1303
|1990= 1305
|2000= 1415
|2010= 1417
|2020= 1478
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census{{sfn|Decennial Census}}
}}

===2010 and 2020 census===
{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Hawthorne racial composition'''<br> (Hispanics excluded from racial categories)<br> (''NH = Non-Hispanic'')<br>
!Race
!Pop 2010<ref>{{Cite web|title=P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE - 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) - Hawthorne city, Florida|url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=Hawthorne+city;+Florida+&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>
!Pop 2020<ref>{{Cite web|title=P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE - 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) - Hawthorne city, Florida|url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=Hawthorne+city;+Florida+&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>
!% 2010
!% 2020
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|White]] (NH)
|724
|569
|51.09%
|38.50%
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans|Black or African American]] (NH)
|640
|738
|45.17%
|49.93%
|-
|[[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] or [[Alaska Native]] (NH)
|1
|7
|0.07%
|0.47%
|-
|[[Asian Americans|Asian]] (NH)
|4
|14
|0.28%
|0.95%
|-
|[[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]] or [[Native Hawaiian]] (NH)
|0
|0
|0.00%
|0.00%
|-
|[[Other races (U.S. Census)|Some other race]] (NH)
|2
|17
|0.14%
|1.15%
|-
|[[Multiracial Americans|Two or more races/Multiracial]] (NH)
|17
|63
|1.20%
|4.26%
|-
|[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (any race)
|29
|70
|2.05%
|4.74%
|-
|'''Total'''
|'''1,417'''
|'''1,478'''
|'''100.00%'''
|'''100.00%'''
|-
|}

As of the [[2020 United States census]], there were 1,478 people, 472 households, and 292 families residing in the city.<ref>{{Cite web|title=S1101 HOUSEHOLDS AND FAMILIES - 2020: Hawthorne city, Florida|url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=Hawthorne+city;+Florida+&tid=ACSST5Y2020.S1101|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="margin-right:1em; font-size:88%"
!colspan="5"|Hawthorne Comparative Demographics<br />{{smaller|2013–2017 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates}}{{sfn|Census: Fact Finder|loc=2013–2017 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates}}
|-
! 
! Hawthorne
! Alachua County
! Florida
! United States
|-
|Owner-occupied housing, median value||$127,900||$167,000||$178,700||$193,500
|-
|Median household income||$37,500||$45,478||$50,883||$57,652
|-
|Individuals below poverty level||29.0%||23.3%||15.5%||14.6%
|-
|High school degree or higher||82.0%||92.1%||87.6%||87.3%
|-
|Bachelor's degree or higher||18.9%||41.4%||28.5%||30.9%
|-
|Foreign born||{{#expr:((42/1862)*100)round2}}%||{{#expr:((25917/259865)*100)round2}}%||{{#expr:((4106367/20278447)*100)round2}}%||{{#expr:((42194354/321004407)*100)round2}}%
|-
|Veterans||{{#expr:((119/1862)*100)round2}}%||{{#expr:((15456/259865)*100)round2}}%||{{#expr:((1454632/20278447)*100)round2}}%||{{#expr:((18939219/321004407)*100)round2}}%
|}

According to the 2012-2016 American Community Survey,{{sfn|Census: Fact Finder|loc=2012-2016 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates}} median household income in the city was $37,500 and median family income was $46,875. Hawthorne's [[per capita income]] was $14,353. About 25.5% of families and 29.0% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 34.8% of those under age 18 and 16.6% of those aged 65 or over.

As of the [[2010 United States census]], there were 1,417 people, 535 households, and 351 families residing in the city.<ref>{{Cite web|title=S1101 HOUSEHOLDS AND FAMILIES - 2010: Hawthorne city, Florida|url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=Hawthorne+city;+Florida+&tid=ACSST5Y2010.S1101|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>

In 2010, the [[population density]] was {{convert|295.2|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 681 housing units, with an average density of {{convert|141.9|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}.{{sfn|Census: Fact Finder|loc=2010 Demographic Profile}}

In 2010, there were 535 households, out of which 31.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.3% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 21.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.4% were non-families. 31.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.534 and the average family size was 3.15.{{sfn|Census: Fact Finder|loc=2010 Demographic Profile}}

In 2010, in the city, the population was spread out with 23.2% under the age of 18, 2.4% from 18 to 21, 52.9% from 21 to 62, and 20.1% who were 62 years of age or older. The median age was 41.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.6 males.{{sfn|Census: Fact Finder|loc=2010 Demographic Profile}}

===2000 census===
As of the [[census]] of 2000, there were 1,415 people, 537 households, and 374 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was {{convert|170.7|/km2|/mi2|abbr=on}}. There were 598 housing units at an average density of {{convert|72.2|/km2|/mi2|abbr=on}}. The racial makeup of the city was 50.39% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 48.06% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.14% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.07% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.21% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 1.13% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 1.41% of the population.

In 2000, there were 537 households out of which 30.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.9% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 21.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.2% were non-families. 26.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 14.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.64 and the average family size was 3.19.

In 2000, in the city the population was spread out with 28.3% under the age of 18, 8.3% from 18 to 24, 23.7% from 25 to 44, 22.4% from 45 to 64, and 17.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 86.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.3 males.

In 2000, the median income for a household in the city was $26,008, and the median income for a family was $31,172. Males had a median income of $25,833 versus $20,104 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $14,592. About 19.5% of families and 23.8% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 39.0% of those under age 18 and 13.3% of those age 65 or over.

=={{anchor|Governance}}Government==

Hawthorne is chartered as a commission–manager{{sfn|Commission-Manager Govt}} form of government. The charter officers are the city commission, with five commissioners, a mayor, and a vice-mayor. A city manager is responsible to the commission for the administration of all city affairs.{{sfn|Charter}}

Since 2021, the mayor of Hawthorne is Jacquelyn Randall.{{sfn|Florida Mayors|2021}}

==Attractions==

Hawthorne obtained {{convert|3000|acre|ha}} surrounding Little Orange Creek (where a historic mill operated) in 2011.{{sfn|Friends of Little Orange Creek}} The Little Orange Creek Nature Park opened in 2017.{{sfn|Sargent|2017}} Managed by the city, it is divided into two sections. About {{convert|65|acre|ha}} south of State Road 20 are the nature park, and include parking and an environmental-education and event center. North of State Road 20 are {{convert|2800|acre|ha}} which are "preserved as a conservation area for local plants and wildlife". The preserve has public trails for hiking, bicycling, and horseback riding.{{sfn|Friends of Little Orange Creek}}

The city also owns and maintains Lindsey Phillips Park, off US Highway 301. The park (on Johnson Lake) has a boat ramp, fishing pier, playground, and picnic facilities.{{sfn|City of Hawthorne Parks}}

Several conservation areas are south and west of Hawthorne. Immediately adjacent to the city is the over-{{convert|11000|acre|ha|adj=on}} Lochloosa Wildlife Management Area. Its Cross Creek Trail is part of the [[Great Florida Birding Trail|Great Florida Birding and Wildlife Trail]].{{sfn|Florida Birding Trail}} Lochloosa Wildlife Management Area provides opportunities for hiking, bicycling, horseback riding, hunting, fishing, canoeing, and boating.{{sfn|Lochloosa Wildlife Management Area}}

[[Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings Historic State Park]], about fourteen miles southwest of Hawthorne, maintains the "authentic Florida [[Florida cracker architecture|cracker]] homestead" where [[Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings|Rawlings]] lived and wrote her Pulitzer Prize-winning books.{{sfn|Rawlings State Park}} Although Rawlings did not live in Hawthorne, she used the Hawthorne post office and received mail addressed to "Hawthorn".{{sfn|Kisling|2014}}

==Sports==

The city owns and maintains Hawthorne Athletic Park, which has four dual-use baseball-softball fields, a multi-purpose field, a playground, concession stand, and picnic facility.{{sfn|City of Hawthorne Parks}} A non-profit organization, Hawthorne Youth Sports, offers a variety of sports for children in the area: baseball, softball, t-ball, tackle football, soccer, basketball, and cheerleading.{{sfn|Hawthorne Youth Sports}} The Hawthorne Hornets football team, coached by former NFL player [[Cornelius Ingram]], plays at the Hawthorne High School football stadium.{{sfn|LaPeer|2018}} In 2018, the city opened a wellness center adjacent to Hawthorne Athletic Park; most of the gym members are senior citizens.{{sfn|WCJB ABC20 WC|2018}}{{sfn|WUFT, February 2,|2019}}

==Infrastructure==

===Transportation===

[[File:CSX_locomotive_617_passing_by_the_Railside_House_Museum-_Hawthorne,_Florida_(5757952463).jpg|thumb|upright|alt=Freight train passing a small building|CSX train in Hawthorne]]
[[File:Gainesville-Hawthorne Trail, Hawthorne Entrance.jpg|thumb|upright|alt=Entrance to a broad recreational trail|Hawthorne entrance to the Gainesville-Hawthorne State Trail]]
The city sits at the intersection of [[U.S. Route 301 in Florida|US Highway 301]] and [[Florida State Road 20]].{{sfn|FL DOT}}

[[CSX Transportation]] owns the north–south rail line which runs through Hawthorne, and operates a station.{{clarify|date=September 2019}}{{sfn|CSX Map}} The line, part of the [[Wildwood Subdivision]], is used for freight. Its Edgar spur runs from Hawthorne to Edgar (near [[Interlachen, Florida|Interlachen]]),{{sfn|CSX Timetable}} and the 1912 railroad station is used as a business.{{sfn|Surviving Florida Train Station}}

The [[Gainesville-Hawthorne State Trail]] connects Gainesville to Hawthorne with a sixteen-mile, paved trail.{{sfn|Cunningham|2018}} The trail runs through conservation areas in Alachua County that features wetlands, upland hammocks, and pine flatwoods,{{sfn|Historic Alachua County|p=164}} and can be used for walking, cycling, and (in parts) horseback riding.{{sfn|Florida State Parks}} It was created through the [[Rails-to-Trails Conservancy|Rails-to-Trails]] program, which converted the abandoned railroad between Hawthorne and Gainesville to a recreational trail.{{sfn|Rails-to-Trails}}

===Utilities===

The Department of Public Works provides solid-waste pickup (including recyclable items), potable water, and a sewer system with wastewater services.{{sfn|City of Hawthorne DPW}} Electrical power is provided by [[Florida Power & Light]] and the Clay Electric Cooperative.{{sfn|Public Power}}

===Health care===

Medical services are provided by Azalea Health, which operates a clinic in the city.{{sfn|Azalea Health}}
Fifteen hospitals are within {{convert|30|mi}} of Hawthorne. The closest are in Gainesville: [[UF Health Shands Hospital|Shands Hospital]], North Florida/South Georgia [[List of Veterans Affairs medical facilities#VISN 8: VA Sunshine Healthcare Network|Veteran Affairs Health Care System]], and the [[North Florida Regional Medical Center]]. To the east, Putnam Community Medical Center is available for Hawthorne residents who are closer to Palatka. [[Munroe Regional Medical Center|Florida Hospital Ocala]] and Ocala Regional Medical Center are in Ocala, south of Hawthorne.{{sfn|Hawthorne Hospitals}}

In August 2018,{{sfn|Florida Trauma Centers}} Shands Hospital was the only [[Trauma center#Level I|Level I trauma]] center in Alachua and its eight adjacent counties. Ocala Regional Medical Center in Marion County and Orange Park Medical Center in Clay County offer [[Trauma center#Level II|Level II trauma]] services.{{sfn|Trauma System Florida}}

===Emergency services===

[[File:Alachua County Fire Rescue Station Number 25.jpg|thumb|upright|alt=Modern fire station|Alachua County Fire Rescue Station 25]]
Law enforcement in Hawthorne is provided by the Alachua County Sheriff's Office,{{sfn|ACSO}} and emergency services are provided by Alachua County Fire Rescue.{{sfn|ACFR stations}} In 2015, Alachua County Fire Rescue Station 62 moved into a renovated station in Hawthorne. The station (number 25) houses a fire engine, rescue ambulance, brush truck, and tanker.{{sfn|ACFR stations}}

==Education==

Hawthorne is served by the [[Alachua County Public Schools]], which operates Shell Elementary School and [[Hawthorne High School (Florida)|Hawthorne Middle/High School]].{{sfn|Chester Shell}}{{sfn|Alachua County Public Schools}} The [[Alachua County Library District]] has a branch library in the city.{{sfn|Alachua County Library District|loc=Locations}} The elementary school was named after Chester Shell, who spearheaded a campaign to open a school for black children in Hawthorne. The school for black students opened in 1922 as Hawthorne High School. Schools at that location were known as Hawthorne High School, Shell High School, Shell Middle School, and Shell Elementary School.{{sfn|Longstreth|p=14}}

==Media==

Television stations available over the air in Hawthorne are [[WUFT (TV)|WUFT PBS]], [[WOGX]] Fox, [[WCJB-TV]] ABC, [[WGFL]] CBS, and [[WYME-CD]] MeTV.{{sfn|TV stations}} There are 22 AM and FM radio stations within a {{convert|25|mi|adj=on}} radius of the city.{{sfn|Radio stations}} ''[[The Gainesville Sun]]'', ''[[The Independent Florida Alligator]]'', and ''[[Alachua County Today]]'' are local newspapers.{{sfn|Newspapers}}

==Notable people==

* [[Bo Diddley]],{{sfn|Ramakers|2008}}{{sfn|Capace|2001|p=173}} musician
* [[James B. Edwards]],{{sfn|Capace|2000|p=149}} [[Governor of South Carolina]]
* [[Cornelius Ingram]],{{sfn|Savage|2014}} [[National Football League|NFL]] player
* [[Donald Ray Matthews|D. R. "Billy" Matthews]],{{sfn|Van Ness|2011}} Congressman from [[North Florida]] (1953–1965)

==Notes==

{{notelist}}

==References==

{{reflist}}

==Sources==

{{refbegin|45em}}
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*{{cite sign|ref={{harvid|Historical Marker}}|title=Hawthorne, Florida, Marker Front|year=1973|type=plaque outside First Baptist Church|publisher=Alachua County Historical Commission in Cooperation with Department of State|location=Hawthorne, Florida|url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hawthorne,_Florida,_historical_marker_(SE_221st_ST),_front.jpg|access-date=2018-11-01|date=}}
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*{{cite journal|last=Hemmings|first=E. Thomas|title=Cades Pond Subsistence, Settlement, and Ceremonialism|journal=The Florida Anthropologist|date=December 1978|volume=31|issue=4|url=http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00027829/00157/16j|access-date=2018-11-02}}
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*{{cite news|ref={{harvid|WCJB ABC20 WC|2018}}|url=https://www.wcjb.com/content/news/NCFL-city-welcomes-wellness-center-470616043.html|title=NCFL city welcomes wellness center|last=WCJB|access-date=2018-11-07|language=en}}
*{{cite book|ref={{harvid|Eden of the South}}|url=http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/2916356|title=The Eden of the South|last=Webber|first=Carl|publisher=Leve & Alden|year=1883|location=New York|pages=60–61|type=Electronic reproduction|lccn=01021712|access-date=2018-12-12}}
{{refend}}
<!--</div>-->

==External links==

{{Commons category|Hawthorne, Florida}}
*[https://www.cityofhawthorne.net/ Official Website for the City of Hawthorne]
*[https://www.aclib.us/hawthorne Hawthorne Branch Library]
*[http://www.afn.org/~hawthorn/ Former official website]
*[http://www.afn.org/~hawthorn/ourtown/ourtown.html Student project from 1997]

{{Adjacent communities
 | Centre    = Hawthorne
 | North     = [[Waldo, Florida]]
 | Northeast = [[Keystone Heights, Florida]]
 | East      = [[Palatka, Florida]]
 | Southeast = ''[[Ocala National Forest]]''
 | South     = [[Ocala, Florida]]
 | Southwest = [[Williston, Florida]]
 | West      = [[Gainesville, Florida]]
 | Northwest = [[Alachua, Florida]]
}}
{{Alachua County, Florida}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Cities in Alachua County, Florida]]
[[Category:Gainesville metropolitan area, Florida]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1881]]
[[Category:Cities in Florida]]
[[Category:1881 establishments in Florida]]