Editing Haworth

{{Short description|Village in West Yorkshire, England}}
{{Other uses}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2013}}
{{Infobox UK place
| country                  = England
| coordinates              = {{coord|53.83|-1.96|display=inline,title}}
| official_name            = Haworth
| population               = 6,733
| population_ref           = ([[2021 United Kingdom census|2021 census]])<ref>{{cite web | url=https://citypopulation.de/en/uk/yorkshireandthehumber/admin/bradford/E04000164__haworth_cross_roads_and_/ | title=Haworth, Cross Roads and Stanbury (Parish, United Kingdom) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location }}</ref><ref>{{NOMIS2021|id=1119884265|title=Haworth Built-up area|access-date=27 March 2018}}</ref>
| metropolitan_borough     = [[City of Bradford]]
| metropolitan_county      = [[West Yorkshire]]
| region                   = Yorkshire and the Humber
| constituency_westminster = [[Keighley and Ilkley (UK Parliament constituency)|Keighley and Ilkley]]
| civil_parish             = Haworth with Stanbury
| post_town                = KEIGHLEY
| postcode_district        = BD22
| postcode_area            = BD
| dial_code                = 01535
| os_grid_reference        = SE030372
| static_image_name        = Haworth Main Street - panoramio.jpg
| static_image_width       = 250
| static_image_caption     = Main Street
| london_distance_mi       = 180<!-- straight line per MOS – constant and comparable with other place distances -->
| london_direction         = SSE
}}
'''Haworth''' ({{IPAc-en|UK|ˈ|h|aʊ|.|ər|θ}} {{respell|HOW|ərth}},<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/haworth|title=Haworth|work=[[Collins English Dictionary]]|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|access-date=27 July 2019}}</ref> {{IPAc-en|also|ˈ|h|ɔː|ər|θ}} {{respell|HAW|ərth}},<ref name="EPD">{{EPD|18|Haworth|page=227}}</ref> {{IPAc-en|US|ˈ|h|ɔː|w|ər|θ}} {{respell|HAW|wərth}}<ref name="EPD"/>) is a village in [[West Yorkshire]], England,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.yorkshire.com/places/west-yorkshire/bradford/haworth|title=Haworth – Bradford {{!}} Welcome to Yorkshire|website=www.yorkshire.com|access-date=14 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.visitbradford.com/haworth.aspx|title=Discover Haworth and Brontë Country|website=www.visitbradford.com|access-date=14 May 2019}}</ref> in the [[Pennines]] {{convert|3|mi|km|0}} south-west of [[Keighley]], 8 miles (13&nbsp;km) north of [[Halifax, West Yorkshire|Halifax]], {{convert|10|mi|km}} west of [[Bradford]] and {{convert|10|mi|km|0}} east of [[Colne]] in [[Lancashire]]. The surrounding areas include [[Oakworth]] and [[Oxenhope]]. Nearby villages include [[Cross Roads, West Yorkshire|Cross Roads]], [[Stanbury]] and [[Lumbfoot]].

Haworth is a tourist destination known for its association with the [[Brontë|Brontë sisters]] and the preserved heritage [[Keighley and Worth Valley Railway]].

==History==
Haworth is first mentioned as a settlement in 1209.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.haworth-village.org.uk/visitors/visiting-bronte-country/visit-haworth.asp |title=Haworth Village – Visiting Haworth – England |access-date=10 August 2010 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110516073627/http://www.haworth-village.org.uk/visitors/visiting-bronte-country/visit-haworth.asp |archive-date=16 May 2011 }}</ref> The name may refer to a "hedged enclosure" or "hawthorn enclosure".<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ekwall|first1=Eilert|title=The concise Oxford dictionary of English place-names|date=1960|publisher=Clarendon Press|location=Oxford|isbn=0-19-869103-3|page=227|edition=4}}</ref> The name was recorded as "Howorth" on a 1771 map.

In 1850, local parish priest [[Patrick Brontë]] invited [[Benjamin Herschel Babbage]] to investigate the village's high early mortality rate, which had led to all but one of his six children, including the writers [[Emily Brontë|Emily]] and [[Anne Brontë]], dying by the age of 31.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Temple |first1=Emily |title=Apparently the Brontës all died so early because they spent their lives drinking graveyard water. |url=https://lithub.com/apparently-the-brontes-all-died-so-early-because-they-spent-their-lives-drinking-graveyard-water/ |website=Literary Hub |access-date=18 December 2022 |date=14 May 2021}}</ref> Babbage's inspection uncovered deeply unsanitary conditions, including there being no sewers, excrement flowing down Haworth's streets, waste from slaughterhouses and pigsties being held for months in fenced-in areas, overcrowded and poorly-ventilated housing, and a poorly-oxygenated and overcrowded graveyard that filtered into the village's water supply. These conditions contributed to an average life expectancy of 25.8 years and 41.6% of the village's residents dying before the age of 6. This report was presented to the [[General Board of Health]] and prompted work to improve conditions in the village.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sanitary report on Haworth, home to the Brontës |url=https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/sanitary-report-on-haworth-home-to-the-bronts |website=British Library |access-date=18 December 2022}}</ref>

==Governance==
Haworth is part of the [[civil parish]] of Haworth and Stanbury, from 1 April 1999 to 1 April 2023 it was in [[Haworth, Cross Roads and Stanbury]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bradford.gov.uk/asp/councillors/parish.asp?id=8 |title=City of Bradford Metropolitan District Council – Parish and town councils |access-date=5 August 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101218025037/http://www.bradford.gov.uk/asp/councillors/parish.asp?id=8 |archive-date=18 December 2010 }}</ref> which is part of the [[Bradford Metropolitan District Council|Bradford metropolitan district]] in [[West Yorkshire]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Chrystal|first1=Paul|title=The Place Names of Yorkshire|date=2017|publisher=Stenlake|location=Catrine|isbn=9781840337532|page=100|edition=1}}</ref>

Haworth was a [[Township (England)|township]] and [[chapelry]] in the parish of Bradford,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://visionofbritain.org.uk/place/974 |title=History of Haworth, in Bradford and West Riding|publisher=[[A Vision of Britain through Time]]|accessdate=11 August 2023}}</ref> and from 1866 it was a civil parish that was abolished on 1 April 1938.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10431852|title=Relationships and changes Haworth Ch/CP through time|publisher=A Vision of Britain through Time|accessdate=11 August 2023}}</ref> Haworth became an [[Urban district (England and Wales)|urban district]] in 1894, on 1 April 1938 the district was abolished and merged with the [[Municipal Borough of Keighley]] which it was part of until 1974.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10186493|title=Relationships and changes Haworth UD through time|publisher=A Vision of Britain through Time|accessdate=11 August 2023}}</ref>
In 1931 the parish had a population of 5911.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10431852/cube/TOT_POP|title=Population statistics Haworth Ch/CP through time|publisher=A Vision of Britain through Time|accessdate=11 August 2023}}</ref>

==Geography==
Haworth is in the [[Worth Valley]] amid the [[Pennines]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Haworth Conservation Area Assessment|url=https://www.bradford.gov.uk/media/2379/haworthrevisedcaa.pdf|website=bradford.gov.uk|access-date=27 March 2018|page=5|date=April 2003}}</ref> It is {{convert|212|mi}} north of London, {{convert|43|mi}} west of York and {{convert|9|mi}} west of Bradford.
<!--==Demography==-->

==Economy==
[[Image:Bronte Parsonage Museum.JPG|thumb|[[Brontë Parsonage Museum]]]]
Tourism now accounts for much of the local economy, though the [[River Worth]] flowing through the village powered large textile mills providing much employment and later the major attractions being the [[Keighley and Worth Valley Railway|heritage railway]] and [[Brontë Parsonage Museum]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Winn|first1=Christopher|title=I never knew that about Yorkshire|date=2010|publisher=Ebury|location=London|isbn=978-0-09-193313-5|pages=121&ndash;123}}</ref>
In Haworth, there are tea rooms, souvenir and antiquarian bookshops, restaurants, pubs and hotels, including the Black Bull, where Branwell Brontë's decline into alcoholism and opium addiction allegedly began.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Dewhirst|first1=Ian|title=The Black Bull in Haworth just after the Brontes|url=http://www.keighleynews.co.uk/dewhirst1/10365160.The_Black_Bull_in_Haworth_just_after_the_Brontes/|access-date=27 March 2018|work=Keighley News|date=18 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Jordison|first1=Sam|title=The Brontës are alive and unwell in Haworth|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2009/jun/10/brontes-alive-unwell-haworth|access-date=27 March 2018|work=The Guardian|date=10 June 2009}}</ref> Haworth is a base for exploring [[Brontë Country]], while still being close to the major cities of [[Bradford]] and [[Leeds]].

On 22 November 2002, Haworth was granted [[Fairtrade Village]] status.<ref>{{cite news |work=Telegraph & Argus |url=http://archive.thetelegraphandargus.co.uk/2002/12/14/118222.html |title=Fair traders win award |access-date=24 September 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090211132050/http://archive.thetelegraphandargus.co.uk/2002/12/14/118222.html |archive-date=11 February 2009 }}</ref> On 21 October 2005, Haworth Fairtrade officially signed an agreement to twin with [[Machu Picchu]] in [[Peru]].<ref name="Peru twin">{{cite news|work=Telegraph & Argus|url=http://archive.thetelegraphandargus.co.uk/2005/10/28/181968.html|title=Andes show boosts International link|access-date=24 September 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090211132100/http://archive.thetelegraphandargus.co.uk/2005/10/28/181968.html|archive-date=11 February 2009 }}</ref>

==Culture==
[[File:Main Street, Haworth, West Yorkshire.jpg|thumb|The top of Haworth Main Street]]
Haworth's traditional events were an annual service at Haworth [[Spa]] and the [[rushbearing]]. Spa Sunday died out in the early 20th century and the rushbearing ceremony has not been held for many years. A modern event organised by the Haworth Traders' Association is ''"Scroggling the Holly"'', which takes place in November.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.bronte-country.com/haworth/scroggling-the-holly.html | title = Scroggling the Holly |website=bronte-country.com| access-date = 13 March 2017}}</ref> Bands and [[Morris dance|Morris men]] lead a procession of children in [[Victorian fashion|Victorian costume]] following the Holly Queen up the [[cobblestone]]s to a crowning ceremony on the church steps. She unlocks the church gates to invite the spirit of Christmas into Haworth. [[Father Christmas]] arrives bringing glad tidings.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Knights|first1=David|title=Haworth's 'scroggling the holly' is biggest for many years|url=http://www.keighleynews.co.uk/news/10861441.Haworth_s__scroggling_the_holly__is_biggest_for_many_years/|access-date=27 March 2018|work=Keighley News|date=6 December 2013}}</ref>

The first Haworth Arts Festival took place in 2000 and was repeated in 2001. It was revived in 2005 as a festival combining performing and visual arts and street performance.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.haworth-village.org.uk/events/haworth-events/more.asp?event=Haworth%20Arts%20Festival |title=Haworth Arts Festival |access-date=6 July 2012 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130122064428/http://www.haworth-village.org.uk/events/haworth-events/more.asp?event=Haworth%20Arts%20Festival |archive-date=22 January 2013 }}</ref> The festival has community involvement and uses local professional and semi-professional musicians, artists and performers and a larger name to headline each year. It has provided a stage for [[John Cooper Clarke]] and [[John Shuttleworth (character)|John Shuttleworth]]. The festival has expanded across the Worth Valley outside Haworth and is held on the first weekend in September.

Haworth Band is one of the oldest secular musical organisations in the [[Keighley]] area.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thehaworthband.co.uk/history.htm |title=The Haworth Band – History |access-date=5 August 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310063608/http://www.thehaworthband.co.uk/history.htm |archive-date=10 March 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Historic records indicate that there was a brass band at nearby Ponden in 1854 with a body of excellent performers. It was founded by John Heaton, who lived at Ponden. The band played at a celebration in Haworth at the conclusion of the [[Crimean War]]. "Over the years the world of [[brass band]] music went from strength to strength, during which time the Haworth Band went with it."<ref>Internet Bandsman's Everything Within, "Archived Histories of Brass Bands", [http://www.ibew.org.uk/cach-hawo.htm Haworth Band]. Retrieved 17 February 2017.</ref>

Every year the village hosts a 1940s weekend where locals and visitors don [[Second World War|wartime]] attire for a host of nostalgic events.<ref>[http://www.haworth1940sweekend.co.uk/HOME.html Haworth 1940s Weekend] 2016, unknown 2016 date. Retrieved 17 February 2017.</ref>

From 1971 to 1988, 25 and 27 Main Street housed the [[Haworth Pottery]], where Anne Shaw produced hand-thrown domestic stoneware derived from the arts & crafts tradition. She exhibited widely in the UK and USA in public and private exhibitions and received an arts association award for her ceramic sculptures. Her husband, [[Robert Shaw (poet)|Robert Shaw]], depicted life (and prominent residents) in the village in the 1970s and 80s, in two collections of satires, ''The Wrath Valley Anthology'', 1981, and ''Grindley's Bairns'', 1988, praised by ''[[The Times Literary Supplement]]''.

==Community facilities==
On 13 January 2009, it was announced that a permanent [[library]] would be established in the village, replacing the mobile service which visits the village once a week. Haworth last had its own library in 1978.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/localnews/Library-hope-for-literary-village.4869341.jp|title=Library hope for literary village|last=Evans|first=Fiona|date=13 January 2009|work=Yorkshire Post|access-date=7 February 2009}}</ref> The library is yet to be established.{{when|date=October 2022}}

==Landmarks==
The {{convert|43|mi|km|adj=mid|-long|abbr=off}} [[Brontë Way]] leads past [[Lower Laithe Reservoir]], [[Stanbury]], to the [[Brontë waterfall]]s, the Brontë Bridge and the Brontë Stone Chair, in which (it is said) the sisters took turns to sit and write their first stories. It then leads out of the valley and up on the moors to [[Ponden Hall]] (reputedly ''Thrushcross Grange'' in [[Emily Brontë]]'s ''[[Wuthering Heights]]'') and [[Top Withens]], a desolate ruin which was reputedly the setting for the farmstead ''Wuthering Heights''. Top Withens can also be reached by a shorter walking route departing from the nearby village of Stanbury.

==Transport==
[[File:Entrance to Haworth Station.jpg|thumb|Haworth railway station]]

Haworth is served by [[Keighley Bus Company]] rural bus service which provides links to the main local town of [[Keighley]] and the local villages of [[Oxenhope]], [[Stanbury]] and [[Oakworth]]. There is also a service to [[Hebden Bridge]]. Evening and Sunday services are partly paid for by [[West Yorkshire Metro|Metro]]. Overall there are approximately three buses every hour between Haworth and Keighley, with one per hour to each of Stanbury, Oakworth, and Oxenhope (continuing to Hebden Bridge).

Central North Street Car Park Haworth, formerly Changegate Car Park, has been subject of a [[Channel 4]] television documentary "The Yorkshire Clamper", regarding their tactics.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2009/sep/04/last-nights-tv-yorkshire-review|title=Last night's TV: The Yorkshire Clamper|first=Sam|last=Wollaston|date=4 September 2009|work=The Guardian|access-date=30 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/west_yorkshire/3238972.stm|title=Clamping firm "worst in UK"|work=BBC News|date= 26 November 2003|access-date=2 July 2017}}</ref>

Haworth is also served by [[Haworth railway station]] on the [[Keighley and Worth Valley Railway]], a preserved heritage railway.

==Education==
Haworth Primary School on Rawdon Road is the only school in the village and takes children from age 3 to 11.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/oxedu_providers/full/%28urn%29/107260 |title=Ofsted – Haworth primary school |access-date=9 August 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100117074723/http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/oxedu_providers/full/(urn)/107260 |archive-date=17 January 2010 }}</ref> Children from 12 to 18 attend secondary schools outside the village at [[Beckfoot Oakbank]] in [[Keighley]] and [[Parkside School, Cullingworth|Parkside School]] in [[Cullingworth]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.haworth-village.org.uk/local/school/secondary.asp |title=Haworth Village Local Information – Secondary schools |access-date=21 August 2010 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613195749/http://www.haworth-village.org.uk/local/school/secondary.asp |archive-date=13 June 2011 }}</ref>

==Religious sites==
[[File:Haworth - geograph.org.uk - 643118.jpg|thumb|right|[[St Michael and All Angels' Church, Haworth|St Michael and All Angels' Church]]]]
[[St Michael and All Angels' Church, Haworth|St Michael and All Angels' Church]] is situated on Church Street, next to the parsonage. It is part of the Church of England Deanery of Craven.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.achurchnearyou.com/haworth-st-michael-all-angels/ |title=St Michael & All Angels, Haworth |access-date=5 August 2010}}</ref>

Baptists in the area met in a barn at the bottom of Brow Road in 1785. They subsequently moved to Hall Green Baptist Church at the junction of Bridgehouse Lane and Sun Street.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hallgreenchapel.org.uk/history/history.html |title=Hall Green Baptist Church – History |access-date=5 August 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110209155722/http://www.hallgreenchapel.org.uk/history/history.html |archive-date=9 February 2011 }}</ref>

==Sport==
Haworth Cricket Club was established in 1887 as Haworth Wesleyan Cricket Club and were members of the [[English Cricket Board]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.haworthcricketclub.org.uk/ |title=Haworth Cricket Club |access-date=14 August 2010}}</ref> They had a permanent ground north-west of the village centre, but the club was closed down in 2015.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Nutting |first1=Asher |title=Haworth West End: No cricket club but a thriving ground |url=https://cricketyorkshire.com/haworth-west-end/ |access-date=15 June 2019 |work=Cricket Yorkshire |date=24 July 2017}}</ref> Haworth West End Cricket Club was formed in 1900 as the Haworth West Lane Baptist Cricket Club.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.haworthwestend.org/history.html |title=Haworth West End Cricket Club – History |access-date=14 August 2010}}</ref>

On 6 July 2014, Stage 2 of the 2014 [[Tour de France]] from York to Sheffield, passed through the village.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.letour.com/le-tour/2014/us/stage-2.html|title=Tour de France Stage 1|access-date=15 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140725103415/http://www.letour.com/le-tour/2014/us/stage-2.html|archive-date=25 July 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Notable people==
[[File:The Brontës, Their Home And Familiar Surroundings - Illustrated London News (1944).jpg|thumb|upright|"The Brontës, Their Home And Familiar Surroundings", article from 1944]]
The [[Brontë|Brontë sisters]] were born in [[Thornton, West Yorkshire|Thornton]] near [[Bradford]], but wrote most of their novels while living at [[Haworth Parsonage]] when their father was the [[parson]] at the Church of St. Michael and All Angels. In the 19th century, the village and surrounding settlements were largely industrialised, which put it at odds with the popular portrayal in ''[[Wuthering Heights]]'', which only bore resemblance to the upper moorland that [[Emily Brontë]] was accustomed to.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Writers and Their Homes |editor-first=Kate |editor-last=Marsh |first=Rebecca |last=Fraser |publisher=Hamish Hamilton |chapter=The Brontës |page=[https://archive.org/details/writerstheirhous0000mars/page/41 41] |year=1993 |isbn=0-241-12769-6 |chapter-url-access=registration |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/writerstheirhous0000mars/page/41 }}</ref> The Parsonage is now a museum owned and maintained by the Brontë Society.

==Filmography==
Haworth and Haworth railway station have been used as settings for numerous period films and TV series, including ''[[The Railway Children (1970 film)|The Railway Children]]'' (starring [[Jenny Agutter]]), ''[[Yanks]]'' (starring [[Richard Gere]] and [[Vanessa Redgrave]]), and [[Alan Parker]]'s film version of [[Pink Floyd]]'s ''[[The Wall]]'' (starring [[Bob Geldof]]). It also featured in ''[[Rita, Sue and Bob Too]]'' with [[George Costigan]]; "[[Wild Child (film)|Wild Child]]" (starring [[Emma Roberts]]), and "The Souk" (a high-class vintage shop) was depicted as a [[charity shop]].

In 2016 the [[BBC]] drama ''[[To Walk Invisible]]'' was shot in and around Haworth and included a full-scale replica of the [[Brontë Parsonage]], Old School Rooms and [[St Michael and All Angels' Church, Haworth|Haworth Church]] at the time of the Brontës on nearby [[Penistone Hill Country Park|Penistone Hill]].

==Twinning==
* {{flagicon|USA}} [[Haworth, New Jersey]], United States
* {{flagicon|Peru}} [[Machu Picchu]], [[Peru]]<ref name="Peru twin"/>

==See also==
*[[Listed buildings in Haworth, Cross Roads and Stanbury]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
{{Wikivoyage|Haworth}}
{{Commons category|Haworth}}
* [http://www.haworth-village.co.uk Haworth – in Bronte Country]
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20031221104236/http://www.haworth-village.org.uk/ Haworth Village – Yorkshire]}}
* [http://www.bronte-country.com/welcome.html "Welcome to Brontë Country"], Eagle Intermedia's Bronte Country
* [http://www.visitbrontecountry.com/ "Discover Haworth and Brontë Country"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050716014443/http://www.visitbrontecountry.com/ |date=16 July 2005 }}, Visit Bradford
* Knox, James, M.; [http://www.haworthassociation.org/Reunions/1999Reunion/1999-name_origin.htm "The Name Haworth"!] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924025155/http://www.haworthassociation.org/Reunions/1999Reunion/1999-name_origin.htm |date=24 September 2015 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080212121553/http://www.haworthartsgroup.co.uk/ Haworth Arts Festival]

{{Portalbar|Yorkshire|England|United Kingdom}}
{{West Yorkshire|state=collapsed}}
{{Bradford|state=collapsed}}

{{Brontë sisters}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Haworth| ]]
[[Category:Villages in West Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Former civil parishes in West Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Geography of the City of Bradford]]