Editing Hawker Harrier

{{Short description|Experimental biplane torpedo bomber aircraft built by Hawker Aircraft}}
<!-- This article is a part of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft]]. Please see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content]] for recommended layout. -->
{{For|the "Harrier jump jet" vertical take-off fighter|Hawker Siddeley Harrier}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2017}}
{{Use British English|date=November 2017}}
{{Infobox aircraft
  |name = Harrier
  |image = Hawker Harrier (1927).jpg
  |image_caption = Hawker Harrier prototype at A &AEE<!--image caption; if it isn't descriptive it should be left blank-->
  |aircraft_type = [[Torpedo bomber]]
  | national_origin= United Kingdom
  |manufacturer = [[Hawker Aircraft|Hawker Aircraft Limited]]
  |designer = [[Sydney Camm]]
  |first_flight = February 1927
  |status = <!--in most cases, this field is redundant; use it sparingly-->
  |primary_user = <!--please list only one, and don't use those tiny flags as they limit horizontal space-->
  |more_users = <!--limited to three "more users" total. please separate with <br/>-->
  |produced = <!--years in production, e.g. 1970-1999, if still in active use but no longer built-->
  |number_built = 1
  |developed_from = <!-- the aircraft which formed the basis for the topic type -->
  |variants = <!-- variants OF the topic type -->
}}

The '''Hawker Harrier''' was a British experimental biplane torpedo bomber aircraft built by [[Hawker Aircraft]] to a specification issued in the 1920s for the [[Royal Air Force]].

==Development==
In 1925, the British Air Ministry laid down specifications for a high altitude bomber to replace the [[Hawker Horsley]] and for a coastal torpedo bomber ([[List of Air Ministry Specifications#1920-1929|Specifications 23/25 and 24/25]]). As these specifications were similar, the Air Ministry announced that a single competition would be held to study aircraft submitted for both specifications.<ref name ="mason p193">{{Harvnb|Mason|1994|p=193}}</ref>

[[Sydney Camm]] of [[Hawker Aircraft]] designed the Harrier to meet the requirements of Specification 23/25, with the prototype (''J8325'') first flying in February 1927, the first of the competitors for the two specifications to fly.<ref name ="mason p193"/> The Harrier was a two-seat biplane with single-bay wings powered by a geared [[Bristol Jupiter]] VIII radial engine. It was armed with one .303&nbsp;in (7.7&nbsp;mm) [[Vickers machine gun]] and one .303&nbsp;in (7.7&nbsp;mm) [[Lewis gun]] carrying a maximum of {{convert|1000|lb|kg|abbr=on}} of bombs.<ref name="Lewis bomber p162">{{Harvnb|Lewis|1980|p=162}}</ref>

The prototype Harrier was tested at the [[Aeroplane and Armament Experimental Establishment]] (A & AEE) at [[RAF Martlesham Heath|Martlesham Heath]] in November 1927, where, while it met the requirements of Specification 23/25 and had satisfactory handling, the geared engine meant that it was underpowered,<ref name="Lewis bomber p162"/> and it had an inferior bombload to the Hawker Horsley, the aircraft it was meant to replace.<ref name ="mason p193"/> It was therefore modified to carry a torpedo. On testing the modified aircraft, however, it was found to still be underpowered, being incapable of taking off with a torpedo, gunner and full fuel load.<ref name ="mason p193"/> It was therefore not considered further, the competition ultimately being won by the [[Vickers Vildebeest]].<ref name ="mason p200">{{Harvnb|Mason|1994|p=200}}</ref>

The prototype was used by [[Bristol Aeroplane Company|Bristol]] as an engine testbed, flying with the {{convert|870|hp|kW|abbr=on}} [[Bristol Hydra]] and the {{convert|495|hp|abbr=on}} [[Bristol Jupiter#Variants|Bristol Orion]] engines.<ref name ="mason p193"/>

==Specifications (Harrier, as bomber)==
{{Aircraft specs
|ref=Mason, The British Bomber since 1914  <ref name ="mason p193"/>
|prime units?=imp
<!--
        General characteristics
-->
|genhide=

|crew=two
|capacity=
|length m=
|length ft=29
|length in=7
|span m=
|span ft=46
|span in=3
|height m=
|height ft=13
|height in=4
|wing area sqm=
|wing area sqft=496.8
|wing area note=
|aspect ratio=<!-- sailplanes -->
|airfoil=
|empty weight kg=
|empty weight lb=3278
|empty weight note=
|gross weight kg=
|gross weight lb=5656
|fuel capacity={{convert|191|impgal|USgal L|abbr=on}}<ref name="hawkp148">{{Harvnb|Mason|1991|p=148}}</ref>
|more general=
<!--
        Powerplant
-->
|eng1 number=1
|eng1 name=[[Bristol Jupiter]] VIII
|eng1 type=nine-cylinder geared [[radial engine]]
|eng1 kw=<!-- prop engines -->
|eng1 hp=583<!-- prop engines -->
|eng1 shp=<!-- prop engines -->
|eng1 kn=<!-- jet/rocket engines -->
|eng1 lbf=<!-- jet/rocket engines -->
|power original=
|thrust original=
|eng1 kn-ab=<!-- afterburners -->
|eng1 lbf-ab=<!-- afterburners -->
|more power=

|prop blade number=2<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop name=Watts wooden propeller
|prop dia m=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia ft=12<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia in=3<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia note=<ref name="hawkp148"/>
<!--
        Performance
-->
|perfhide=

|max speed kmh=
|max speed mph=135
|max speed kts=
|max speed note=at {{convert|6500|ft|m|abbr=on}}<!-- supersonic aircraft -->
|cruise speed kmh=<!-- if max speed unknown -->
|cruise speed mph=<!-- if max speed unknown -->
|cruise speed kts=
|never exceed speed kmh=
|never exceed speed mph=
|never exceed speed kts=
|range km=
|range miles=
|range nmi=
|endurance=<!-- if range unknown -->
|ceiling m=
|ceiling ft=20000
|climb rate ms=
|climb rate ftmin=
|time to altitude=18 min 30 s
|more performance=
<!--
        Armament
-->
|guns= 1 × forward firing .303 in (7.7 mm) [[Vickers gun]] and 1 × .303 in (7.7 mm) [[Lewis gun]] on [[Scarff ring]] in rear cockpit
|bombs= <ref name="hawkp148"/>
**4× {{convert|250|lb|kg|abbr=on}} GP bombs ''or''
**8× {{convert|112|lb|kg|abbr=on}} bombs ''or''
**1× Type VIII {{convert|2844|lb|kg|abbr=on}} torpedo
|avionics=
}}

==See also==
{{aircontent
|related=
|similar aircraft=
* [[Blackburn Beagle]]
* [[Vickers Vildebeest]]
|sequence=
|lists =
|see also=
}}

==References==
===Notes===
{{reflist}}

===Bibliography===
*{{cite book |title= The British Bomber since 1914|last= Lewis|first= Peter|edition= Third |year= 1980|publisher=Putnam |location= London|isbn= 0-370-30265-6 }} 
*{{Cite book |last=Mason |first=Francis K. |title=The British Bomber since 1914 |publisher=Putnam Aeronautical Books|location=London |year=1994 |isbn= 0-85177-861-5 }}
*{{cite book |last=Mason |first=Francis K. |title=Hawker Aircraft since 1920 |year=1991 |edition=Third |publisher=Putnam Aeronautical Books |location=London |isbn=0-85177-839-9 }}

==External links==
{{commons category|Hawker Harrier}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070930163732/http://www.britishaircraft.co.uk/aircraftpage.php?ID=486 Hawker Harrier] – British Aircraft Directory

{{Hawker Siddeley aircraft}}

[[Category:1920s British bomber aircraft]]
[[Category:Hawker aircraft|Harrier]]
[[Category:Single-engined tractor aircraft]]
[[Category:Biplanes]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1927]]
[[Category:Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear]]
[[Category:Single-engined piston aircraft]]