Editing Hautes-Alpes

{{short description|Department in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2021}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
| name = Hautes-Alpes
| native_name = {{native name|oc|Auts Aups}}
| native_name_lang = fr<!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead -->
| type = [[Departments of France|Department of France]]
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage|position=center
| photo1a = Pano crête des cerces.jpg
| photo2a = VilleGap052.jpg
| photo2b = Col de Laurichard, Ecrins - IMG6550.jpg
| photo3a = Lac Serre Poncon - Belvédère Pierre Arnoux.jpg
| photo4a = Cascade de Fontcouverte vallee de la Claree France.jpg
| size = 270
| spacing = 2
| color = #FFFFFF
| border = 0
| foot_montage = Top down, left to right: [[Massif des Cerces]], [[Prefectures in France|prefecture]] building in [[Gap, Hautes-Alpes|Gap]], [[Barre des Écrins]], [[Lac de Serre-Ponçon]] and waterfall in the [[Vallée de la Clarée]] }}
| image_alt = 
| image_caption = 
| image_flag = Flag of Hautes-Alpes.svg
| flag_alt = 
| image_shield = Blason département Hautes-Alpes.svg
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| image_map = Hautes-Alpes-Position.svg
| map_alt = 
| map_caption = Location of Hautes-Alpes in France
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| coordinates = {{coord|44|40|N|6|20|E|region:FR_type:adm2nd|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint = 
| coordinates_footnotes = 
| subdivision_type        = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name        = [[France]]
| subdivision_type1       = [[Regions of France|Region]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur]]
| established_title       = 
| established_date        = 
| founder                 = 
| seat_type               = [[Prefectures in France|Prefecture]]
| seat                    = [[Gap, Hautes-Alpes|Gap]]
| parts_type              = [[Subprefectures in France|Subprefectures]]
| parts_style             = para
| p1                      = [[Briançon]]
| government_footnotes    = 
| leader_party            = [[The Republicans (France)|LR]]
| leader_title            = [[List of presidents of departmental councils (France)|President of the Departmental Council]]
| leader_name             = Jean-Marie Bernard<ref>{{cite web|title=Répertoire national des élus: les conseillers départementaux|url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/601ef073-d986-4582-8e1a-ed14dc857fba|website=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises|date=4 May 2022|language=fr}}</ref>
| unit_pref               = Metric<!-- or US or UK -->
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| area_footnotes          = {{ref|area|1}}
| area_total_km2          = 5549
| area_note               = 
| elevation_footnotes     = 
| elevation_m             = 1665
| elevation_min_m         = 470
| elevation_max_m         = 4101
| population_total        = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
| population_as_of        = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
| population_footnotes    = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes2}}
| population_rank         = [[List of French departments by population|100th]]
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_demonym      = 
| population_note         = 
| blank_name_sec1         = [[Departments of France|Department number]]
| blank_info_sec1         = 05
| blank_name_sec2         = [[Arrondissements of France|Arrondissements]]
| blank_info_sec2         = [[Arrondissements of the Hautes-Alpes department|2]]
| blank1_name_sec2        = [[Cantons in France|Cantons]]
| blank1_info_sec2        = [[Cantons of the Hautes-Alpes department|15]]
| blank2_name_sec2        = [[Communes in France|Communes]]
| blank2_info_sec2        = [[Communes of the Hautes-Alpes department|162]]
| timezone1               = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1             = +1
| timezone1_DST           = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST         = +2
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| postal_code             = 
| area_code_type          = 
| area_code               = 
| iso_code                = 
| website                 = 
| footnotes               = {{note|area|1}} French Land Register data, which exclude estuaries and lakes, ponds and glaciers larger than 1&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>
}}

'''Hautes-Alpes''' ({{IPA|fr|ot.z‿alp|-|LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-Hautes-Alpes.wav}}; {{langx|oc|Auts Aups}}; {{langx|en|'''Upper Alps'''}}) is a [[Departments of France|department]] in the [[Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur]] [[Regions of France|region]] of Southeastern [[France]]. It is located in the heart of the [[French Alps]], after which it is named. Hautes-Alpes had a population of 141,220 as of 2019,<ref name=pop2019>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/6011060/dep05.pdf Populations légales 2019: 05 Hautes-Alpes], INSEE</ref> which makes it the third least populated French department. Its [[Prefectures in France|prefecture]] is [[Gap, Hautes-Alpes|Gap]]; its sole [[Subprefectures in France|subprefecture]] is [[Briançon]]. Its [[Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques|INSEE]] and postal code is 05.

== History ==
Hautes-Alpes is one of the original 83 departments created during the [[French Revolution]] on 4 March 1790. It consists of the southeast of the [[Provinces of France|former province]] of [[Dauphiné]] and the north of [[Provence]]. At the time when the department was created, the two mountain communes of [[La Grave]] and [[Villar-d'Arêne]] successfully campaigned to be included in Hautes-Alpes and not in the neighbouring department of [[Isère]] to which they had originally been assigned. This was because they hoped to benefit from the relative autonomy and certain fiscal privileges enjoyed by the region since the 14th century under the terms of the [[Republic of the Escartons|Statute of the Briançon Escartons]].

[[Napoleon]] passed through Gap when he returned to reclaim France after his exile on [[Elba]] using what is now known as [[Route Napoléon]]. After Napoleon's defeat at the [[Battle of Waterloo]], the department was occupied by Austrian and Piedmontese troops from 1815 to 1818.

During World War II, Italy occupied Hautes-Alpes from November 1942 to September 1943.

== Geography ==
[[File:Hautes-Alpes.jpeg|thumb|left|Map of Hautes-Alpes]]
The department is surrounded by the following French departments: [[Alpes-de-Haute-Provence]], [[Drôme]], [[Isère]] and [[Savoie]]. Italy borders it on the east with the [[Metropolitan City of Turin]] and the [[province of Cuneo]], region of [[Piedmont]].

Hautes-Alpes is located in the [[Alps]] mountain range. The average elevation is over 1000 m; the highest elevation is over 4000 m. The only three sizable cities are [[Gap, Hautes-Alpes|Gap]], [[Briançon]] and [[Embrun, Hautes-Alpes|Embrun]], which was a subprefecture until 1926.<ref name=splaf/>

The third-highest settlement in all of Europe is the Hautes-Alpes village of [[Saint-Véran]]. [[Gap, Hautes-Alpes|Gap]] and [[Briançon]] are the highest [[Prefectures in France|prefecture]] and [[Subprefectures in France|subprefecture]] in France, respectively.

The following rivers flow through the department: [[Durance]], [[Guisane]], [[Buëch]], [[Drac (river)|Drac]] and [[Clarée]]. The [[Durance]] has been dammed to create one of the largest artificial lakes in Western Europe: the [[Lac de Serre-Ponçon]]. The [[Queyras]] valley is located in the eastern part of the department and is noted by many as being an area of outstanding beauty.

===Principal communes===
The most populous commune is the prefecture [[Gap, Hautes-Alpes|Gap]]. As of 2019, there are 2 communes with more than 10,000 inhabitants, and 6 communes with more than 3,000 inhabitants:<ref name=pop2019/>

{| class=wikitable
! Commune
! Population (2019)
|-
| [[Gap, Hautes-Alpes|Gap]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 40,631
|-
| [[Briançon]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 11,339
|-
| [[Embrun, Hautes-Alpes|Embrun]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 6,335
|-
| [[Laragne-Montéglin]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 3,543
|-
| [[Veynes]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 3,216
|-
| [[Chorges]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 3,061
|}

== Demographics ==
The inhabitants of the department are called ''Haut-Alpins'' (masculine) and ''Haut-Alpines'' (feminine) in French.

The extremely mountainous terrain explains the sparse population, which was about 120,000 in 1791. It changed little during the 19th century, but fell to about 85,000 after World War I. Thanks in large part to tourism, the population has risen from 87,436 in 1962 to 141,107 in 2016, principally in the town of Gap.

Population development since 1791:{{historical populations|cols=2|align=none|percentages=pagr|footnote=Sources:<ref name=splaf>{{Cite web|url=http://splaf.free.fr/05his.html|title=Historique des Hautes-Alpes|website=Le SPLAF}}</ref><ref name=pop2016>{{cite web|url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4176909?geo=DEP-05|title=Évolution et structure de la population en 2016|publisher=INSEE}}</ref>|graph-pos=bottom
|13=1791|14=120,485|15=1801|16=112,500|17=1851|18=132,038|19=1901|20=109,510|21=1911|22=105,083|23=1921|24=89,275|25=1931|26=87,566|27=1946|28=84,932|29=1954|30=85,067|31=1962|32=87,436|33=1968|34=91,790|35=1975|36=97,358|37=1982|38=105,070|39=1990|40=113,300|41=1999|42=121,631|43=2006|44=130,752|45=2011|46=138,605|47=2016|48=141,107}}

==Politics==
===Departmental Council of Hautes-Alpes===
The President of the Departmental Council of Hautes-Alpes has been Jean-Marie Bernard of [[The Republicans (France)|The Republicans]] since the [[2015 French departmental elections|2015 departmental elections]].

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;"
!colspan=2| Party || Seats
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Union for a Popular Movement}}" |<span style="color:white; font-size:190%;">•</span>
|[[The Republicans (France)|The Republicans]] and [[Union of Democrats and Independents]] ||align="right"| 22
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Socialist Party (France)}}" |
|[[Socialist Party (France)|Socialist Party]] and [[Radical Party of the Left]] ||align="right"| 8
|-
|}

===Members of the National Assembly===
Hautes-Alpes elected the following members of the [[National Assembly (France)|National Assembly]] in the [[2017 French legislative election|2017 legislative election]]:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan="2"|Constituency!!Member<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/|title=Assemblée nationale ~ Les députés, le vote de la loi, le Parlement français|first=Assemblée|last=Nationale|website=Assemblée nationale}}</ref>!!Party
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|En Marche!}}" |
| [[Hautes-Alpes's 1st constituency]]
| [[Pascale Boyer]]
| [[La République En Marche!]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|En Marche!}}" |
| [[Hautes-Alpes's 2nd constituency]]
| [[Joël Giraud]]
| [[La République En Marche!]]
|}

== Tourism ==
The tourist industry is largely dependent on skiing in winter. In summer the Alpine scenery and many outdoor activities attract visitors from across Europe (sailing, hiking, [[climbing]] and aerial sports such as [[gliding]]). The [[Tour de France]] passes through the department regularly. This draws many cycling fanatics to cycle the cols and watch the race.

<gallery>
File:La Collégiale à Briançon.jpg|[[Briançon]]
File:SNCF B81500 Gap - Veynes-Devoluy.jpg|[[SNCF]] regional service near [[Gap, Hautes-Alpes|Gap]]
File:Embrun - Couvent des Cordeliers -829.jpg|[[Embrun, Hautes-Alpes|Embrun]]
File:Vue en montant à Vallonpierre.jpg|[[Massif des Écrins]]
File:La Grave 2.jpg|[[La Grave]]
File:Emparis- massif de la Meije depuis le lac Noir.jpg|[[La Meije]]
File:Echaugette de Mont Dauphin - panoramio.jpg|The Alps and the [[Guil]] valley seen from Fort [[Mont-Dauphin]]
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[Cantons of the Hautes-Alpes department]]
*[[Communes of the Hautes-Alpes department]]
*[[Arrondissements of the Hautes-Alpes department]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
<!-- please keep this link: Dmoz page holds a Wikipedia back link -->

* {{in lang|fr}} [http://www.hautes-alpes.gouv.fr/ Prefecture website]
* {{in lang|fr}} [https://www.hautes-alpes.fr/ Departmental Council website] 
* {{in lang|fr}} [https://www.hautes-alpes.net/ Tourist office Website]
* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Hautes Alpes | volume= 13 |last= Coolidge |first= William Augustus Brevoort |author-link= W. A. B. Coolidge|  pages = 73&ndash;74 |short= 1}}

{{Departments of France}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Hautes-Alpes| ]]
[[Category:1790 establishments in France]]
[[Category:Departments of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1790]]
[[Category:Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region articles needing translation from French Wikipedia]]