Editing Haute-Vienne

{{short description|Department of France in Nouvelle-Aquitaine}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->| name                     = Haute-Vienne
| native_name              = ([[Occitan language|Occitan]]): Nauta Vinhana
| native_name_lang         = fr<!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead -->
| type                     = [[Departments of France|Département of France]]
| image_skyline            = Préfecture de la Haute-Vienne.jpg
| image_alt                = 
| image_caption            = [[Prefectures in France|Prefecture]] building in [[Limoges]]
| image_flag               = Drapeau fr département Haute-Vienne.svg
| flag_alt                 = 
| image_shield             = Blason département fr Haute-Vienne.svg
| shield_alt               = 
| nickname                 = 
| motto                    = 
| image_map                = Haute-Vienne-Position.svg
| map_alt                  = 
| map_caption              = Location of Haute-Vienne in France
| pushpin_map              = 
| pushpin_label_position   = 
| pushpin_map_alt          = 
| pushpin_map_caption      = 
| coordinates              = {{coord|45|50|N|1|16|E|region:FR_type:adm2nd|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint            = 
| coordinates_footnotes    = 
| subdivision_type         = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name         = [[France]]
| subdivision_type1        = [[Regions of France|Region]]
| subdivision_name1        = [[Nouvelle-Aquitaine]]
| established_title        = 
| established_date         = 
| founder                  = 
| seat_type                = [[Prefectures in France|Prefecture]]
| seat                     = [[Limoges]]
| parts_type               = [[Subprefectures in France|Subprefectures]]
| parts_style              = para
| p1                       = [[Bellac]]<br>[[Rochechouart]]
| government_footnotes     = 
| leader_party             = [[Socialist Party (France)|PS]]
| leader_title             = [[List of presidents of departmental councils (France)|President of the Departmental Council]]
| leader_name              = Jean-Claude Leblois<ref>{{cite web|title=Répertoire national des élus: les conseillers départementaux|url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/601ef073-d986-4582-8e1a-ed14dc857fba|website=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises|date=4 May 2022|language=fr}}</ref>
| unit_pref                = Metric<!-- or US or UK -->
| area_magnitude           = 
| area_footnotes           = {{ref|area|1}}
| area_total_km2           = 5520
| area_note                = 
| elevation_footnotes      = 
| elevation_m              = 
| elevation_min_m          = 
| elevation_max_m          = 
| population_total        = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
| population_as_of        = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
| population_footnotes    = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes2}}
| population_rank          = [[List of French departments by population|65th]]
| population_density_km2   = auto
| population_demonym       = 
| population_note          = 
| blank_name_sec1          = [[Departments of France|Department number]]
| blank_info_sec1          = 87
| blank_name_sec2          = [[Arrondissements of France|Arrondissements]]
| blank_info_sec2          = [[arrondissements of the Haute-Vienne department|3]]
| blank1_name_sec2         = [[Cantons in France|Cantons]]
| blank1_info_sec2         = [[cantons of the Haute-Vienne department|21]]
| blank2_name_sec2         = [[Communes in France|Communes]]
| blank2_info_sec2         = [[communes of the Haute-Vienne department|195]]
| timezone1                = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1              = +1
| timezone1_DST            = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST          = +2
| postal_code_type         = 
| postal_code              = 
| area_code_type           = 
| area_code                = 
| iso_code                 = 
| website                  = 
| footnotes                = {{note|area|1}} French Land Register data, which exclude estuaries and lakes, ponds and glaciers larger than 1 km<sup>2</sup>
}}
'''Haute-Vienne''' ({{IPA|fr|ot vjɛn}}; {{langx|oc|Nauta Vinhana}}, {{lang|oc|Nauta Viena}}; {{'}}'''Upper Vienne'''{{'}}) is a [[Departments of France|département]] in the [[Nouvelle-Aquitaine]] [[Regions of France|region]] in southwest-central France. Named after the [[Vienne (river)|Vienne River]], it is one of the twelve départements that together constitute Nouvelle-Aquitaine. The [[Prefectures in France|prefecture]] and largest city in the department is Limoges, the other towns in the department each having fewer than twenty thousand inhabitants. Haute-Vienne had a population of 372,359 in 2019.<ref name=pop2019>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/6011060/dep87.pdf Populations légales 2019: 87 Haute-Vienne], INSEE</ref>

==Geography==
Haute-Vienne is part of the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. It is bordered by six departments; [[Creuse]] lies to the east, [[Corrèze]] to the south, [[Dordogne]] to the southwest, [[Charente]] to the west, [[Vienne (department)|Vienne]] to the northwest and [[Indre]] to the north. The département has two main rivers which cross it from east to west; the [[Vienne (river)|Vienne]], on which the two main cities, Limoges and Saint-Junien, are situated, and the [[Gartempe]], a tributary of the [[Creuse (river)|Creuse]]. To the southeast of the department lies the [[Massif Central]], and the highest point in the department is [[Puy Lagarde]], {{convert|795|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}. The source of the [[Charente (river)|Charente]] is in the department, in the commune of [[Chéronnac]], near [[Rochechouart]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Philips' Modern School Atlas |year=1973 |publisher=George Philip and Son, Ltd. |isbn=0-540-05278-7 |page=43 }}</ref>

At the west end of the department is the [[Rochechouart impact structure]], an impact crater caused by a [[meteorite]] that crashed into the Earth's surface over 200 million years ago; because of subsequent [[erosion]], little sign of the crater is in evidence today apart from the geologic effects on the surrounding rock.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.passc.net/EarthImpactDatabase/rochechouart.html |title=Rochechouart |work=Earth impact database |publisher=Planetary and Space Science Centre, University of New Brunswick, Canada |access-date=2015-09-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924082121/http://www.passc.net/EarthImpactDatabase/rochechouart.html |archive-date=2015-09-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Principal towns===

The most populous commune is [[Limoges]], the prefecture. As of 2019, there are 5 communes with more than 7,000 inhabitants:<ref name=pop2019/>

{| class=wikitable
! Commune
! Population (2019)
|-
| [[Limoges]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 130,876
|-
| [[Saint-Junien]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 11,254
|-
| [[Panazol]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 10,900
|-
| [[Couzeix]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 9,518
|-
| [[Isle, Haute-Vienne|Isle]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 7,847
|}

===Subdivisions===
The three [[Arrondissements of France|arrondissements]] of the Haute-Vienne department are:<ref name=pop2019/>
# [[Arrondissement of Bellac]], ([[Subprefectures in France|subprefecture]]: [[Bellac]]) with 57 [[Communes of France|communes]].
# [[Arrondissement of Limoges]], ([[Prefectures in France|prefecture]] of the Haute-Vienne department: [[Limoges]]) with 108 communes.
# [[Arrondissement of Rochechouart]], (subprefecture: [[Rochechouart]]) with 30 communes.

Haute-Vienne consists of 21 [[Cantons of the Haute-Vienne department|cantons]].<ref name=pop2019/>

==History==
A few Paleolithic and Mesolithic remains have been found in the department, Neolithic inhabitants are attested to by standing stones and by burial chambers, like the dolmen Chez Boucher in [[La Croix-sur-Gartempe]], and others at [[Berneuil, Haute-Vienne|Berneuil]] and [[Breuilaufa]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tourisme-haut-limousin.com/t?p=210000914&lei=68&criteres=30000279 |title=Circuit des Mégalithes (CIEUX - Monts de Blond) |publisher=Tourisme Intercommunal du Haut Limousin |language=fr |access-date=2015-09-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303223030/http://www.tourisme-haut-limousin.com/t?p=210000914&lei=68&criteres=30000279 |archive-date=2016-03-03 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Artefacts from the [[Bronze Age]] include axe heads found at [[Châlus]]. With the coming of the Romans, trade was opened up and gold and tin were mined. Agriculture developed and grapes were grown; [[amphora]]e for storing wine were found at [[Saint-Gence]]. During the reign of Augustus, the city of Augustoritum was founded (later to become Limoges) at a strategic ford across the Vienne. The Romans built roads from here to [[Brittany]], [[Lyon]] and the Mediterranean. The city declined in the third century when barbarian invasions of the region took place.

The domination of the Visigoths was short-lived and [[Clovis I]] seized control of Limousin after the battle of Vouillé in 507.<ref>{{cite book|author1=J.A.A. Barny de Romanet|author2=Rougnard|author3=Bibliothèque du Palais des Arts|title=Histoire de Limoges et du Haut et Bas Limousin, mise en harmonie avec les points les plus curieux de l'histoire de France...|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z5nh7mlIY5UC&pg=PA347 |year=1821 |publisher=H. et P. Barbou Frères |pages=347–}}</ref> By 674, the region was attached to the duchy of Aquitaine, and the Viscount of Limoges was created. There followed an unsettled period with various powers vying for control. In 1199, [[Richard Cœur de Lion]] was mortally wounded during the siege of the [[Château de Châlus-Chabrol]]. The region was much involved in the [[Hundred Years' War]] and at the [[Treaty of Brétigny]] in 1360, France granted England a large area of territory comprising much of Limousin. Limoges city rebelled and gave its allegiance to the French crown, and as a result was sacked in 1370. Further troubled years followed but when peace was restored, the department benefited economically; tanneries sprang up by the Vienne, paper was produced, printing developed and the area became known for fine [[Vitreous enamel|enamelwork]]. After a revolt by the peasants, [[Henri IV]] brought peace and prosperity to the region of Limousin. He visited Limoges in 1607 and was greeted enthusiastically. The Counter-Reformation led to the creation of numerous convents and religious orders, especially in Limoges. In 1761, [[Anne Robert Jacques Turgot]] was appointed ''intendent'' (tax collector) of Limoges. He negotiated a reduction in taxes payable by the region and developed fairer methods of collecting taxes, as well as improving the road system and encouraging agricultural development.<ref>{{cite book |title=Anne Robert Jacques Turgot, 1727-1781: Volume 27 of Short list, Bernard Quaritch (Firma) |year=2000 |publisher=Bernard Quaritch }}</ref> Around 1765, [[kaolin]] was discovered near [[Saint-Yrieix-la-Perche]] in the south of the department, and the [[porcelain]] industry developed.

The department was created on 4 March 1790, during the French Revolution, the southern half being a subdivision of the Region of Limousin while the northern half was carved out of the county of Marche, as well as some parts of [[Angoumois]] and [[Poitou]]. At first it was given the number 81, but in the nineteenth century, the number was changed to the 87th department, when further land to the east and northeast was added. It takes its name from the upper reaches of the Vienne which flows through it. In 1998, the southwest part of the department, together with the northern part of the region of [[Périgord]] was designated as the [[Parc Naturel Régional Périgord-Limousin]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=Abram, David |title=The Rough Guide to France|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9obU8526SiQC&pg=PA683 |year=2003 |publisher=Rough Guides |isbn=978-1-84353-056-5 |page=683}}</ref>

==Economy==
In 2013, twenty million euros were earned from agriculture in the province, as against twenty-one million three hundred thousand from Limousin. There were 351,475 cattle in Haute-Vienne, 22,780 pigs, 320,500 sheep and 6,500 goats. 723,340 hectolitres of milk were produced from cows and 30,690 hectolitres from sheep. In the same year, 1,897,800 hectares of cereals were grown and in the previous year, 12,294 hectares of land were producing organic foodstuffs.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.insee.fr/fr/regions/limousin/reg-dep.asp?theme=10#tableau |title=Limousin region: Agricultural statistics |publisher=Institut National de la statistique |language=fr|access-date=2015-09-12}}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{historical populations
|cols=2|align=none|percentages=pagr|footnote=Sources:<ref name=splaf>{{Cite web|url=http://splaf.free.fr/87his.html|title=Historique de la Haute-Vienne|website=Le SPLAF}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4176909?geo=DEP-87|title=Évolution et structure de la population en 2016|publisher=INSEE}}</ref>|graph-pos=bottom
|1801|245150|1821|272330|1831|285130|1841|292848|1851|319379|1861|319595|1872|322447|1881|349332|1891|372878|1901|381753|1911|384736|1921|350235|1931|335873|1936|333589|1946|336313|1954|324429|1962|332514|1968|341589|1975|352149|1982|355737|1990|353593|1999|353893|2006|367156|2011|376058|2016|374978}}

In 1801, the population of the department was 245,150. It grew steadily over the next century so that in 1901 it was 381,753. It peaked at 385,732 in 1906, fell back slightly in 1911 to 384,736 and fell sharply to 350,235 in 1921, after the [[World War I|Great War]]. By 1954 it had dwindled to 324,429 but after that it began to rise again, and in 2007 stood at 371,102.<ref name=splaf/>

==Politics==

The president of the Departmental Council is Jean-Claude Leblois, first elected in 2015.

===Current National Assembly Representatives===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan="2"|Constituency!!Member<ref name=":0" />!!Party
|-
| style="background:{{party color|La France insoumise}};" |
| [[Haute-Vienne's 1st constituency]]
| [[Damien Maudet]]
|[[La France Insoumise|LFI]]
|-
| style="background: {{party color|Socialist Party (France)}};" |
| [[Haute-Vienne's 2nd constituency]]
| [[Stéphane Delautrette]]
|[[Socialist Party (France)|PS]]
|-
| style="background:{{party color|La France insoumise}};" |
| [[Haute-Vienne's 3rd constituency]]
| [[Manon Meunier]]
|[[La France Insoumise|LFI]]
|}

=== National Assembly Representatives (2017 to 2022) ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan="2" |Constituency!!Member<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/|title=Assemblée nationale ~ Les députés, le vote de la loi, le Parlement français|first=Assemblée|last=Nationale|website=Assemblée nationale}}</ref>!!Party
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|La République En Marche!}}" |
| [[Haute-Vienne's 1st constituency]]
| [[Sophie Beaudouin-Hubière]]
| [[La République En Marche!]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|La République En Marche!}}" |
| [[Haute-Vienne's 2nd constituency]]
| [[Pierre Venteau]]
| [[La République En Marche!]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|La République En Marche!}}" |
| [[Haute-Vienne's 3rd constituency]]
| [[Marie-Ange Magne]]
| [[La République En Marche!]]
|}

==Tourism==
<gallery>
File:Château de Montbrun (1).jpg|[[Château de Montbrun]]
File:Car in Oradour-sur-Glane4.jpg|Ruins of [[Oradour-sur-Glane]]
File:Saint-Yrieix-la-Perche - Mairie.jpg|[[Saint-Yrieix-la-Perche]]
File:Chateau-Rocher 09.JPG|[[Maisonnais-sur-Tardoire]]
File:Mortemart-la-halle.jpg|[[Mortemart]]
File:Saint-Laurent-les-Églises (Haute-Vienne, Fr), paysage matinal.JPG|[[Limousin cattle|Limousin cows]] near [[Saint-Laurent-les-Églises]]
File:Rochechouart chateau.jpg|[[Château de Rochechouart]]
</gallery>

== Notable people ==
* Martial of Limoges or [[Saint Martial]] (third century), also called the apostle of Gaul or the apostle of Aquitaine, is traditionally the first bishop of Limoges.
* [[Richard the Lion Heart]] (8 September 1157, Beaumont Palace in [[Oxford]] - 6 April 1199, the castle of [[Châlus|Chalus]] Chabrol) was King of [[England]], Duke of Normandy, Duke of Aquitaine, count of [[Poitiers]], Count of Maine and Count of Anjou 1189 until his death in 1199. Son of Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine.
* [[Jean-Baptiste Jourdan]] (1762-1833), Marshal of France.
* [[Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud]] (1753-1793), revolutionary.
* [[Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac]] (1778-1850), chemist and physicist
* [[Jean Giraudoux]] (1882-1944) novelist and diplomat. 
* [[Maryse Bastié]] (1898-1952) aviator.
* [[Auguste Renoir]] (1841-1919), impressionist painter.
* [[Marie François Sadi Carnot|Sadi Carnot]] (1837-1894), French president.
* [[Jean Chassagne]] (26 July 1881– 13 April 1947) was a pioneer submariner, aviator and French racecar driver active 1906–1930.
* [[Tōson Shimazaki]] (1872 - 1943), Japanese writer, exiled to Limoges in 1914.
* [[Suzanne Valadon]] (1865-1938), painter and artist's model.
* [[Martial Valin]] (1898-1980), commander of the Free French Air Force.
* [[Serge Gainsbourg]] (Lucien Ginzburg) (1928-1991), took refuge in 1944 in the local high school, to escape the persecution of Jews (his parents had immigrated from [[Crimea]]).
* [[Pierre Desproges]] (9 May 1939 in [[Pantin]] - 18 April 1988 in Paris) is a French comedian known for his dark humor, his nonconformity and sense of the absurd.
* [[Paul Rebeyrolle]] (1926-2005), artist.
* [[Edmond Gondinet]] (1828-1888), playwright.
* [[Roland Dumas]] (1922), politician.
* [[Georges-Emmanuel Clancier]], born 3 May 1914 in Limoges, was a French writer and poet.
* [[Xavier Darcos]] (1947), politician.
* [[Bob Maloubier]] (2 February 1923 in [[Neuilly-sur-Seine]] - 20 April 2015 in Paris) was, during the [[Second World War]], a secret agent of the [[Special Operations Executive]].
* [[Pascal Sevran]] (1945-2008), songwriter, television host, who died in Limoges.
* [[Theo Sarapo]] is a singer and actor of Greek origin, born Theophanis Lamboukas 26 January 1936 in [[Paris]], died 28 August 1970 in Limoges.
* [[Jean-Paul Denanot]], is a French politician, member of the [[Socialist]] Party (PS).
* [[Robert Hébras]] (29 June 1925 in [[Oradour-sur-Glane]] - 11 February 2023 in [[Saint-Junien]]) is one of six people who survived the [[Oradour-sur-Glane massacre]] on 10 June 1944.
* [[Raymond Poulidor]], said "Poupou" is a French cyclist, born 15 April 1936 in [[Masbaraud-Mérignat]] in the department of [[Creuse]].
* [[Henri Rabaute]], (26 May 1943 in Limoges - 11 November 2000) was a French cyclist.
* [[Vincent Perrot]], (born 3 August 1965) is a French journalist, radio and television presenter and drag racing driver.
* [[Nathanaël de Rincquesen]], born Nathanael Willecot Rincquesen on 9 March 1972 in [[Paris]], is a French journalist and television presenter.
* [[Luc Leblanc]] (1966), French cyclist.
* [[Richard Dacoury]] (1959), French basketball player, former international player and emblematic player of the [[Limoges CSP]].
* [[Laurent Koscielny]], born 10 September 1985 in [[Tulle]], French international footballer who played in Limoges FC. He played in the Premier League as a central defender with [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]].
* [[Laetitia Milot]] (born 5 July 1980), actress, model and French writer.

==See also==
*[[Cantons of the Haute-Vienne department]]
*[[Communes of the Haute-Vienne department]]
*[[Arrondissements of the Haute-Vienne department]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{in lang|fr}} [https://www.haute-vienne.gouv.fr/ Prefecture website]
* {{in lang|fr}} [https://www.haute-vienne.fr/ Departmental Council website]
* {{in lang|en}} [https://www.tourisme-hautevienne.co.uk/ Tourism] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815003733/https://www.tourisme-hautevienne.co.uk/ |date=2022-08-15 }}

{{Departments of France}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Haute-Vienne| ]]
[[Category:Massif Central]]
[[Category:Departments of Nouvelle-Aquitaine]]
[[Category:1790 establishments in France]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1790]]