Editing Haute-Marne

{{short description|Department of France in Grand Est}}
{{Original research|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
| name                    = Haute-Marne
| native_name             = 
| native_name_lang        = fr<!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead -->
| type                    = [[Departments of France|Department]]
| image_skyline           = 2012 août Chaumont 0219 préfecture.jpg
| image_alt               = 
| image_caption           = [[Prefectures in France|Prefecture]] building in [[Chaumont, Haute-Marne|Chaumont]]
| image_flag              = Drapeau fr département Haute-Marne.svg
| flag_alt                = 
| image_shield            = Blason département fr Haute-Marne.svg
| shield_alt              = 
| nickname                = 
| motto                   = 
| image_map               = Haute-Marne-Position.svg
| map_alt                 = 
| map_caption             = Location of Haute-Marne in France
| pushpin_map             = 
| pushpin_label_position  = 
| pushpin_map_alt         = 
| pushpin_map_caption     = 
| coordinates             = {{coord|48|05|N|05|15|E|region:FR_type:adm2nd_scale:2000000|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint           = 
| coordinates_footnotes   = 
| subdivision_type        = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name        = [[France]]
| subdivision_type1       = [[Regions of France|Region]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Grand Est]]
| established_title       = 
| established_date        = 
| founder                 = 
| seat_type               = [[Prefectures in France|Prefecture]]
| seat                    = [[Chaumont, Haute-Marne|Chaumont]]
| parts_type              = [[Subprefectures in France|Subprefectures]]
| parts_style             = para
| p1                      = [[Langres]]<br>[[Saint-Dizier]]
| government_footnotes    = 
| leader_party            = [[The Republicans (France)|LR]]
| leader_title            = [[List of presidents of departmental councils (France)|President of the Departmental Council]]
| leader_name             = [[Nicolas Lacroix]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Répertoire national des élus: les conseillers départementaux|url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/601ef073-d986-4582-8e1a-ed14dc857fba|website=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises|date=4 May 2022|language=fr}}</ref>
| unit_pref               = Metric<!-- or US or UK -->
| area_magnitude          = 
| area_footnotes          = {{ref|area|1}}
| area_total_km2          = 6211
| area_note               = 
| elevation_footnotes     = 
| elevation_m             = 
| elevation_min_m         = 
| elevation_max_m         = 
| population_total        = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
| population_as_of        = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
| population_footnotes    = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes2}}
| population_rank         = [[List of French departments by population|94th]]
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_demonym      = 
| population_note         = 
| blank_name_sec1         = [[Departments of France|Department number]]
| blank_info_sec1         = 52
| blank_name_sec2         = [[Arrondissements of France|Arrondissements]]
| blank_info_sec2         = [[Arrondissements of the Haute-Marne department|3]]
| blank1_name_sec2        = [[Cantons in France|Cantons]]
| blank1_info_sec2        = [[Cantons of the Haute-Marne department|17]]
| blank2_name_sec2        = [[Communes in France|Communes]]
| blank2_info_sec2        = [[Communes of the Haute-Marne department|426]]
| timezone1               = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1             = +1
| timezone1_DST           = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST         = +2
| postal_code_type        = 
| postal_code             = 
| area_code_type          = 
| area_code               = 
| iso_code                = 
| website                 = 
| footnotes               = {{note|area|1}} French Land Register data, which exclude estuaries and lakes, ponds and glaciers larger than 1 km<sup>2</sup>.
}}
'''Haute-Marne''' ({{IPA|fr|ot maʁn|-|LL-Q150 (fra)-GrandCelinien-Haute-Marne.wav}}; English: '''Upper Marne''') is a [[Departments of France|department]] in the [[Grand Est]] region of Northeastern [[France]]. Named after the river [[Marne (river)|Marne]], its [[Prefectures in France|prefecture]] is [[Chaumont, Haute-Marne|Chaumont]]. In 2019, it had a population of 172,512.<ref name=pop2019>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/6011060/dep52.pdf Populations légales 2019: 52 Haute-Marne], INSEE</ref>

==History==
Haute-Marne is one of the original 83 departments created during the [[French Revolution]] on March 4, 1790. It was created from parts of the [[provinces of France|former provinces]] of [[Champagne (province)|Champagne]], [[Burgundy (region)|Burgundy]], [[Duchy of Lorraine|Lorraine]] and [[Franche-Comté]].<ref name=Hutchinson>''Haute-Marne'', Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia. Research Machines plc. September 8, 2005. accessed on October 19, 2006.</ref>

<!-- From: http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histoire_de_la_Haute-Marne -->
<!-- translated, but doesn't really make sense without some more previous text.
The [[Thirty Years' War]] brought new hardship, but under the [[Bourbon]]s, Haute-Marne suffered relatively little. It had valleys with rich soils, plentiful supplies of wood for construction, iron for metal production, and a growing wine industry. There were [[Jesuit]] colleges in [[Langres]] and [[Chaumont]]. -->
In March 1814 the departmental [[Prefectures in France|prefecture]], Chaumont, was the unwitting witness to the end of the [[First French Empire|First Empire]]. On 1 March, [[Prussia]], [[Russian Empire|Russia]], the [[United Kingdom]] and [[Austrian Empire|Austria]] signed an accord forbidding any individual peace deal with [[Napoleon|Napoleon I]], and to fight until his final defeat.

During [[World War II]], Haute-Marne was partitioned under German occupation. The canal which runs from the [[Marne (river)|Marne]] to the [[Saône]] served as a border, dividing the department into east and west. The east was a "reserved zone", intended for the creation of a new German ([[Ripuarian language|Ripuarian]]) state, whereas to the west would be the traditional "occupied zone". Haute-Marne was finally liberated by the Allies, in the form of the division of [[Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque|General Leclerc]], between August and September 1944.
<!--
La Guerre de Trente Ans amènent de nouveaux périls, mais sous les Bourbons l'actuelle Haute-Marne est relativement épargnée par les guerres. Les vallées sont de bonnes terres agricoles, les forges et les hauts-fourneaux se multiplient, le minerais de fer est abondant dans la moitié Nord du département, la vigne se développe, les forêts sont de plus en plus exploitées, des collèges Jésuites fonctionnent à Langres et Chaumont.

En 1814 Chaumont est le témoin involontaire de la fin prochaine du Ier Empire. En effet le 1er mars la Prusse, la Russie, l'Angleterre et l'Autriche signent un accord où elles s'engagent à ne pas conclure de paix séparée et à combattre l'empereur Napoléon Ier jusqu'à sa défaite finale.

Pendant la Seconde Guerre Mondiale la Haute-Marne est divisée sous l'occupation allemande. Le canal de la Marne à la Saône (qui traverse le département dans sa longueur du Nord au Sud) sert de frontière : à l'Est la "zone réservée", destinée à la création d'un pays thiois, et à l'Ouest la traditionnelle "zone occupée". La Haute-Marne est libérée par les Alliés, notamment par la division du Général Leclerc, entre fin Août et début Septembre 1944.
-->

==Geography==
Haute-Marne is part of the region of [[Grand Est]] and is surrounded by the departments of [[Meuse (department)|Meuse]], [[Vosges (department)|Vosges]], [[Haute-Saône]], [[Côte-d'Or]], [[Aube]], and [[Marne (department)|Marne]].

The highest mountain is Haut-du-Sac, in the [[Langres Plateau]], in the southwest of the department, which rises to a height of {{Convert|516|m|ft|abbr=on}}. The lowest points at {{Convert|117|m|ft|abbr=on}} are found on the plains of [[Perthois]] and [[Pays du Der|Der]].<ref name=Hutchinson/>

The department is named after the river [[Marne (river)|Marne]], whose source is near [[Langres]]. This river covers {{Convert|120|km|mi|abbr=on}} within the department. The department is to the east of the Parisian basin, and is characterised by a concentric sequence of cliff faces <!-- front de coté ?? --> of varying geological origin, oriented northeast–southwest.
<!-- Le département tire son nom de la Marne, rivière qui prend sa source près de Langres. Cette rivière le parcourt sur plus de 120 kilomètres.

Il est situé à l’est du bassin parisien et est caractérisé par une suite concentrique de fronts de côtes dont la nature géologique varie (du crétacé aux alluvions quaternaires) et orientés nord-est / sud-ouest.

Le sud du département est largement occupé par le plateau de Langres, où se trouve le point culminant de la Haute-Marne (le Haut du Sec – 516 mètres). Il va ensuite en s’épanchant vers le centre pour terminer vers les plaines du Perthois et du Der, où se situent ses points les plus bas (Puellemontier – 117 mètres). -->

===Principal towns===

The most populous commune is [[Saint-Dizier]]; the prefecture [[Chaumont, Haute-Marne|Chaumont]] is the second-most populous. As of 2019, there are 5 communes with more than 3,000 inhabitants:<ref name=pop2019/>

{| class=wikitable
! Commune
! Population (2019)
|-
| [[Saint-Dizier]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 22,928
|-
| [[Chaumont, Haute-Marne|Chaumont]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 21,847
|-
| [[Langres]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 7,668
|-
| [[Nogent, Haute-Marne|Nogent]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 3,591
|-
| [[Joinville, Haute-Marne|Joinville]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 3,015
|}

== Demographics ==
Population development since 1801:{{historical populations|cols=2|align=none|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://splaf.free.fr/52his.html|title=Historique de la Haute-Marne|website=Le SPLAF}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4176909?geo=DEP-52|title=Évolution et structure de la population en 2016|publisher=INSEE}}</ref>|graph-pos=bottom
|19=1801|20=226,655|21=1821|22=268,208|23=1851|24=268,208|25=1861|26=258,311|27=1872|28=251,026|29=1881|30=254,722|31=1891|32=243,322|33=1901|34=226,367|35=1911|36=214,621|37=1921|38=198,777|39=1931|40=189,726|41=1936|42=188,429|43=1946|44=181,792|45=1954|46=197,153|47=1962|48=208,447|49=1968|50=214,304|51=1975|52=212,304|53=1982|54=210,670|55=1990|56=204,067|57=1999|58=194,873|59=2006|60=186,652|61=2011|62=182,375|63=2016|64=178,084}}

==Tourism==
The Haute-Marne department is not a famous department but this peaceful territory has numerous interesting places to visit. Indeed, the department was one of the most powerful in French history thanks to metallurgy economy and was a land of confrontations along history.

Thus, among other examples, the [[French Wars of Religion]] (from 1562 to 1598) began with the [[Massacre of Vassy]] in the north of the Haute-Marne department. Following this event, open military conflicts across France Kingdom began. The [[Edict of Nantes]] is the consequence of this period.

The fortified town of [[Langres]], famous for [[Denis Diderot]] author of the [[Encyclopédie]], the [[Renaissance]] castle of [[Joinville, Haute-Marne|Joinville]], the [[Lake Der-Chantecoq]] (one of the biggest artificial lake in Europe), the [[Chateau de Cirey]] where [[Voltaire]] lived for a while with [[Émilie du Châtelet]] and the village of [[Colombey-les-Deux-Églises]] where [[Charles De Gaulle]] lived until his death are all major attractions.

Haute-Marne is also well known for some famous French great men and women as:
*[[Louise Michel]]
*[[Camille Flammarion]] and his brother Ernest Flammarion
*[[Goncourt brothers]] most famous all around the world with the [[Prix Goncourt]], literature prize given by the [[académie Goncourt]] for "the best and most imaginative prose work of the year"
*Albin Michel

<gallery>
File:2012 0057 Remparts de Langres.jpg|View from the walls of [[Langres]]
File:La Boisserie 04.jpg|[[Charles de Gaulle]]'s private residence in [[Colombey-les-Deux-Églises]]
File:Épée 193.JPG|[[Franks|Frankish]] sword discovered in [[Saint-Dizier]]
File:Joinville-Eglise (18).jpg|[[Joinville, Haute-Marne|Joinville]]
File:FR52 Cirey-sur-Blaise Château.jpg|Château of [[Cirey-sur-Blaise]]

</gallery>

==Politics==
[[Charles de Gaulle]] was a longtime resident of the department, in [[Colombey-les-Deux-Églises]], and died there on 9 November 1970, at the age of 79.

The president of the Departmental Council is [[Nicolas Lacroix]], elected in 2017.

=== Presidential elections 2nd round ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan="2"|Election!!Winning Candidate!!Party!!%!!2nd Place Candidate!!Party!!%
|-
|style="background:{{party color|National Front (France)}};"|
|[[2022 French presidential election|2022]]
|[[Emmanuel Macron]]
|[[La République En Marche!|LREM]]
|43.04
|[[Marine Le Pen]]
|[[National Rally|RN]]
|56.96
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|La République En Marche!}}" |
| [[2017 French presidential election|2017]]<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://www.interieur.gouv.fr/Elections/Les-resultats/Presidentielles|title=Présidentielles|first=Ministère de|last=l'Intérieur|website=interieur.gouv.fr}}</ref>
| [[Emmanuel Macron]]
| [[La République En Marche!|LREM]]
| 50.48
| [[Marine Le Pen]]
| [[National Front (France)|FN]]
| 49.52
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Union for a Popular Movement}}" |
| [[2012 French presidential election|2012]]
| [[Nicolas Sarkozy]]
| [[Union for a Popular Movement|UMP]]
| 54.43
| [[François Hollande]]
| [[Socialist Party (France)|PS]]
| 45.57
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Union for a Popular Movement}}" |
| [[2007 French presidential election|2007]]
| [[Nicolas Sarkozy]]
| [[Union for a Popular Movement|UMP]]
| 59.14
| [[Ségolène Royal]]
| [[Socialist Party (France)|PS]]
| 40.86
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Rally for the Republic}}" |
| [[2002 French presidential election|2002]]<ref name="auto"/>
| [[Jacques Chirac]]
| [[Rally for the Republic|RPR]]
| 76.17
| [[Jean-Marie Le Pen]]
| [[National Rally|FN]]
| 23.83
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Rally for the Republic}}" |
| [[1995 French presidential election|1995]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.politiquemania.com/presidentielles-1995-departement.html|title = Résultats de l'élection présidentielle de 1995 par département - Politiquemania}}</ref>
| [[Jacques Chirac]]
| [[Rally for the Republic|RPR]]
| 52.17
| [[Lionel Jospin]]
| [[Socialist Party (France)|PS]]
| 47.83
|}

===Current National Assembly Representatives===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan="2"|Constituency!!Member<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/|title=Assemblée nationale ~ Les députés, le vote de la loi, le Parlement français|first=Assemblée|last=Nationale|website=Assemblée nationale}}</ref>!!Party
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|National Rally}}" |
| [[Haute-Marne's 1st constituency]]
| [[Christophe Bentz]]
| [[National Rally]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|National Rally}}" |
| [[Haute-Marne's 2nd constituency]]
| [[Laurence Robert-Dehault]]
| [[National Rally]]
|}

==See also==
*[[Arrondissements of the Haute-Marne department]]
*[[Cantons of the Haute-Marne department]]
*[[Communes of the Haute-Marne department]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{in lang|fr}} [https://www.haute-marne.gouv.fr/ Prefecture website]
* {{in lang|fr}} [https://haute-marne.fr// Departmental Council website]
* {{in lang|fr|en}} [https://www.tourisme-hautemarne.com/ Official Tourist Board website]

{{Departments of France}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Haute-Marne| ]]
[[Category:1790 establishments in France]]
[[Category:Departments of Grand Est]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1790]]