Editing Haute-Garonne

{{short description|Department of France in Occitanie}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
| name                    = Haute-Garonne
| native_name             = {{native name|oc|Nauta Garona}}
| native_name_lang        = fr<!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead -->
| type                    = [[Departments of France|Department]]
| image_skyline           = Toulouse - Le clocher de la cathédrale depuis la cour de la préfecture (14925567135).jpg
| image_alt               = 
| image_caption           = [[Prefectures in France|Prefecture]] building in [[Toulouse]], with the [[Toulouse Cathedral|city's cathedral]] in the background
| image_flag              = Drapeau non-officiel fr département Haute-Garonne.svg
| flag_alt                = 
| image_shield            = Blason département fr Haute-Garonne.svg
| shield_alt              = 
| nickname                = 
| motto                   = 
| image_map               = Haute-Garonne-Position.svg
| map_alt                 = 
| map_caption             = Location of Haute-Garonne in France
| pushpin_map             = 
| pushpin_label_position  = 
| pushpin_map_alt         = 
| pushpin_map_caption     = 
| coordinates             = {{coord|43|25|N|1|30|E|region:FR_type:adm2nd|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint           = 
| coordinates_footnotes   = 
| subdivision_type        = Country
| subdivision_name        = France
| subdivision_type1       = [[Regions of France|Region]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Occitania (administrative region)|Occitanie]]
| established_title       = 
| established_date        = 
| founder                 = 
| seat_type               = [[Prefectures in France|Prefecture]]
| seat                    = [[Toulouse]]
| parts_type              = [[Subprefectures in France|Subprefectures]]
| parts_style             = para
| p1                      = [[Saint-Gaudens, Haute-Garonne|Saint-Gaudens]]<br>[[Muret]]
| government_footnotes    = 
| leader_party            = [[Socialist Party (France)|PS]]
| leader_title            = [[List of presidents of departmental councils (France)|President of the Departmental Council]]
| leader_name             = Sébastien Vincini<ref>{{cite web|title=Sébastien Vincini|url=https://www.haute-garonne.fr/elu/sebastien-vincini|website=haute-garonne.fr|language=fr}}</ref>
| unit_pref               = Metric<!-- or US or UK -->
| area_magnitude          = 
| area_footnotes          = {{ref|area|1}}
| area_total_km2          = 6309
| area_note               = 
| elevation_footnotes     = 
| elevation_m             = 
| elevation_min_m         = 
| elevation_max_m         = 
| population_total        = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
| population_as_of        = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
| population_footnotes    = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes2}}
| population_rank         = [[List of French departments by population|13th]]
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_demonym      = 
| population_note         = 
| blank_name_sec1         = [[Departments of France|Department number]]
| blank_info_sec1         = 31
| blank_name_sec2         = [[Arrondissements of France|Arrondissements]]
| blank_info_sec2         = [[Arrondissements of the Haute-Garonne department|3]]
| blank1_name_sec2        = [[Cantons in France|Cantons]]
| blank1_info_sec2        = [[Cantons of the Haute-Garonne department|27]]
| blank2_name_sec2        = [[Communes in France|Communes]]
| blank2_info_sec2        = [[Communes of the Haute-Garonne department|586]]
| timezone1               = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1             = +1
| timezone1_DST           = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST         = +2
| postal_code_type        = 
| postal_code             = 
| area_code_type          = 
| area_code               = 
| iso_code                = 
| website                 = 
| footnotes               = {{note|area|1}} French Land Register data, which exclude estuaries and lakes, ponds and glaciers larger than 1 km<sup>2</sup>
}}

'''Haute-Garonne''' ({{IPA|fr|ot ɡaʁɔn}}; {{langx|oc|Nauta Garona}}, {{IPA|oc|ˈnawto ɡaˈɾuno|pron}}; '''''Upper Garonne''''') is a [[Departments of France|department]] in the southwestern French [[Regions of France|region]] of [[Occitania (administrative region)|Occitanie]]. Named after the river [[Garonne]], which flows through the department. Its [[Prefectures in France|prefecture]] and main city is [[Toulouse]], the country's fourth-largest. In 2019, it had a population of 1,400,039.<ref name=pop2019>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/6011060/dep31.pdf Populations légales 2019: 31 Haute-Garonne], INSEE</ref>

==History==

Haute-Garonne is one of the original 83 departments created during the [[French Revolution]] on 4 March 1790. It was created from part of the former provinces of [[Languedoc]] and [[Guyenne]]/[[Gascony]].

The department was originally larger. The reduction in its area resulted from an [[Napoleon I|imperial]] decree dated 21 November 1808 and which established the neighbouring department of [[Tarn-et-Garonne]], to the north. The new department took territory from five surrounding departments including Haute-Garonne. The districts lost to Tarn-et-Garonne in 1808 were those of [[Montech]] and [[Castelsarrasin]].

==Geography==
[[File:Haute-Garonne.jpg|thumb|left|Map of Haute-Garonne with its main cities and towns]]
Haute-Garonne is part of the current [[regions of France|region]] of [[Occitania (administrative region)|Occitanie]] and is surrounded by the departments of [[Hautes-Pyrénées]], Gers, [[Tarn-et-Garonne]], [[Tarn (department)|Tarn]], [[Aude]], and [[Ariège (department)|Ariège]]. It also borders Spain in the south ([[Lleida (province)|province of Lleida]] and [[Huesca (province)|province of Huesca]]). According to the [[Köppen climate classification]], the department has a mix of humid subtropical, oceanic, subarctic, and polar climates.

The department is crossed by the upper course of the [[Garonne]] river (hence the name) for nearly {{convert|200|km|mi|sp=us}}. The borders of the department follow the river. The Garonne enters France from Spain at the town of Fos, and goes through Toulouse and leaves the department. The extreme south of the department lies in the [[Pyrenees]] mountain range and is very mountainous. The highest elevation is the Peak of Perdiguère, at {{convert|3,222|m|ft|abbr=off|sp=us}} above sea level.

==Demographics==
The inhabitants of the department are called ''Haut-Garonnais''. The greatest population concentration is around Toulouse, in the north, while the southern area of the department is sparsely populated. Overall the department had a population of 1.4 million as of the 2019 census, with 55% of the population under the age of 40, and 16% between the ages of 20 and 29, and only 45% of the population is over the age 40. This youthful demographic is due in part to Toulouse being a major university town. The department has also seen significant migration from other parts of the country.

{{historical populations
|cols=2|align=none|percentages=pagr|footnote=Sources:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://splaf.free.fr/31his.html|title=Historique de la Haute-Garonne|website=Le SPLAF}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4176909?geo=DEP-31|title=Évolution et structure de la population en 2016|publisher=INSEE}}</ref>|graph-pos=bottom
|1801|339574|1821|391118|1831|427856|1841|468153|1851|481610|1861|484081|1872|479362|1881|478009|1891|472383|1901|448481|1911|432126|1921|424582|1931|441799|1936|458647|1946|512260|1954|525669|1962|594633|1968|690712|1975|777431|1982|824501|1990|925962|1999|1046338|2006|1186330|2011|1260226|2016|1348183}}

===Principal towns===

The most populous commune is Toulouse, the prefecture. As of 2019, there were eight communes with more than 15,000 inhabitants:<ref name=pop2019/>

{| class=wikitable
! Commune
! Population (2019)
|-
| [[Toulouse]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 493,465
|-
| [[Colomiers]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 39,968
|-
| [[Tournefeuille]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 28,117
|-
| [[Blagnac]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 25,525
|-
| [[Muret]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 24,797
|-
| [[Plaisance-du-Touch]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 19,402
|-
| [[Cugnaux]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 19,344
|-
| [[Balma]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 16,625
|}

==Politics==
{{Update|section|date=June 2022}}

This department was the political base of former Prime Minister [[Lionel Jospin]].

===Departmental Council of Haute-Garonne===
The Departmental Council of Haute-Garonne comprises 54 seats. In the [[2015 French departmental elections|2015 departmental elections]], the [[Socialist Party (France)|Socialist Party]] (PS) won 48 seats. [[The Republicans (France)|The Republicans]] secured the remaining 6 seats. The President of the Departmental Council has been Georges Méric (PS) since 2015.

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;"
!colspan=2| Party || Seats
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Socialist Party (France)}}" |<span style="color:white; font-size:190%;">•</span>
|[[Socialist Party (France)|Socialist Party]] ||align="right"| 48
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Union for a Popular Movement}}" |
|[[The Republicans (France)|The Republicans]] ||align="right"| 6
|-
|-
|}

===Members of the National Assembly===
Haute-Garonne elected the following members of the [[National Assembly (France)|National Assembly]] during the [[2017 French legislative election|2017 legislative election]]:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan="2"|Constituency!!Member<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/|title=Assemblée nationale ~ Les députés, le vote de la loi, le Parlement français|first=Assemblée|last=Nationale|website=Assemblée nationale}}</ref>!!Party
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|En Marche!}}" |
| [[Haute-Garonne's 1st constituency]]
| [[Pierre Cabaré]]
| [[La République En Marche!]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Democratic Movement (France)}}" |
| [[Haute-Garonne's 2nd constituency]]
| [[Jean-Luc Lagleize]]
| [[Democratic Movement (France)|MoDem]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|En Marche!}}" |
| [[Haute-Garonne's 3rd constituency]]
| [[Corinne Vignon]]
| [[La République En Marche!]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|En Marche!}}" |
| [[Haute-Garonne's 4th constituency]]
| [[Mickaël Nogal]]
| [[La République En Marche!]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|La République En Marche!}}" |
| [[Haute-Garonne's 5th constituency]]
| [[Jean-François Portarrieu]]
| [[La République En Marche!]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|La République En Marche!}}" |
| [[Haute-Garonne's 6th constituency]]
| [[Monique Iborra]]
| [[La République En Marche!]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|La République En Marche!}}" |
| [[Haute-Garonne's 7th constituency]]
| [[Élisabeth Toutut-Picard]]
| [[La République En Marche!]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Socialist Party (France)}}" |
| [[Haute-Garonne's 8th constituency]]
| [[Joël Aviragnet]]
| [[Socialist Party (France)|Socialist Party]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|La République En Marche!}}" |
| [[Haute-Garonne's 9th constituency]]
| [[Sandrine Mörch]]
| [[La République En Marche!]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|La République En Marche!}}" |
| [[Haute-Garonne's 10th constituency]]
| [[Sébastien Nadot]]
| [[La République En Marche!]]
|}

==Tourism==
===Main sights===
Haute-Garonne's main sights include:
<gallery>
File:Toulouse Capitole Night Wikimedia Commons.jpg|The [[Capitole de Toulouse]] at night
Laréole - Le chateau - Façade Nord Ouest.jpg|Château de [[Laréole]]
File:Bagnères-de-Luchon vue Pyrénées.JPG|The [[Pyrenees]] mountain range seen from [[Bagnères-de-Luchon]]
File:Lac d'OO-01.jpg|[[Lac d'Oô]]
File:Ariane 5 at Cite de l'Espace 2.jpg|[[Cité de l'espace]]
</gallery>

===Winter sports===
The department has four [[ski]] resorts:
* Peyragudes (1600 m -2450 m), 55&nbsp;km of slopes
* Luchon-Superbagnères (1440 m - 2260 m), 30&nbsp;km of slopes
* Le Mourtis (1380 m - 1816 m), 22&nbsp;km of slopes
* Bourg-d'Oueil (1350 m - 1500 m)

==See also==
* [[Cantons of the Haute-Garonne department]]
* [[Communes of the Haute-Garonne department]]
* [[Arrondissements of the Haute-Garonne department]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}<!--added above External links/Sources by script-assisted edit-->

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* {{in lang|fr}} [https://www.haute-garonne.fr/ Departmental Council website]
* {{in lang|fr}} [https://www.haute-garonne.gouv.fr/ Prefecture website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309071510/https://www.haute-garonne.gouv.fr/ |date=2022-03-09 }}
* {{in lang|fr}} [http://www.cdt-haute-garonne.fr/ Tourism website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100123085843/http://www.cdt-haute-garonne.fr/ |date=2010-01-23 }}
* {{in lang|fr}} [http://www.pyrenees360.fr/index.php?/category/Panoramas-de-la-Haute-Garonne Photography Panoramics 360° website]

{{Departments of France}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Haute-Garonne| ]]
[[Category:1790 establishments in France]]
[[Category:Departments of Occitania (administrative region)]]
[[Category:Occitanie region articles needing translation from French Wikipedia]]
[[Category:Massif Central]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1790]]