Editing Harry R. Truman

{{Short description|American businessman and airman (1896–1980)}}
{{featured article}}
{{distinguish|text=the 33rd president of the United States, [[Harry S. Truman]], to whom he was not related}}
{{Infobox person
| name               = Harry R. Truman
| birth_name         = Harry R. Truman
| birth_date         = October 1896
| death_date         = {{death date and age|1980|05|18|1896|10}}
| death_cause        = Killed by a [[pyroclastic flow]] during the [[1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens]]
| image              = File:Harry R. Truman.PNG
| alt                = Color picture; An elderly man holding a Coca-Cola glass and wearing a hat leans on the wall of a wooden lodge
| caption            = Truman at his lodge, a few months before his death in 1980
| birth_place        = [[Ivydale, Clay County, West Virginia|Ivydale, West Virginia]], U.S.
| death_place        = [[Mount St. Helens|Mount St. Helens, Washington]], U.S. {{Coord|46|15|59.6|N|122|9|33.3|W|display=inline,title}}
| module             = {{Infobox military person|embed=yes
| allegiance    = [[United States]]
| branch        = [[United States Army Air Service]]
| serviceyears  = 1917–1919
| unit          = [[100th Aero Squadron]]
| battles       = [[World War I]]}}
| spouse             = Helen Irene Hughes (divorced)<br />Marjorie Bennett (divorced)<br />Edna O. Henrickson (deceased)
| children           = 1
| occupation         = [[rum-running|Bootlegger]], [[Prospecting|prospector]], caretaker of the Mount St. Helens Lodge
}}
'''Harry R. Truman''' (October 1896&nbsp;– May 18, 1980) was an American businessman, [[Rum-running|bootlegger]], and [[Prospecting|prospector]]. He
lived near [[Mount St. Helens]], an active volcano in the state of [[Washington (state)|Washington]], and was the owner and caretaker of Mount St. Helens Lodge at [[Spirit Lake (Washington)|Spirit Lake]] near the base of the mountain. Truman came to fame as a [[folk hero]] in the weeks leading up to the volcano's [[1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens|1980 eruption]] after refusing to leave his home despite repeated orders to evacuate. On May 18, 1980, Truman was killed in the [[Eruption of Mount St. Helens|cataclysmic eruption of Mount St. Helens]] by a [[pyroclastic flow]] that overtook his lodge and buried the site under {{convert|150|ft|m|abbr=on}} of volcanic debris.

After Truman's death, his family and friends reflected on his love for the mountain. Actor [[Art Carney]] portrayed Truman in the [[docudrama]] film ''[[St. Helens (film)|St. Helens]]'' (1981). Truman was commemorated in a book by his niece, and also in various pieces of music, including songs by [[Headgear (band)|Headgear]], [[Billy Jonas]], Penny Lew, and Shawn Wright and the Brothers Band.

==Early life==
Truman was born to foresters in [[Ivydale, Clay County, West Virginia|Ivydale, West Virginia]] in October 1896. He claimed not to know the exact day of his birth, but he eventually chose to celebrate his birthday on October 30.{{sfn|Slatta|2001|p=350}} This date appears on his [[World War I]] [[draft registration]] card.<ref name="ancestry"/> Truman also stated that he did not know his middle name, only the initial, R; some non-contemporaneous sources have given his middle name as Randall.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://eu.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2015/05/17/mount-st-helens-people-stayed/27311467/|title=Closer look at those who died near Mount St. Helens|last=Grisham|first=Lori|date=May 19, 2015|work=[[USA Today]]|access-date=June 5, 2018}}</ref>{{sfn|Kean|2017|p=16}}{{sfn|Gulick|1996|p=268}}{{Sfn|Findley|1981|p=4}} His draft card lists his middle name as Rainel.<ref name="ancestry">Ancestry.com. U.S., World War II Draft Registration Cards, 1942 (database on-line). Lehi, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2010.</ref>

In 1907, Truman's family moved west to the state of [[Washington (state)|Washington]], drawn to the promise of cheap land and the successful timber industry in the [[Pacific Northwest]]; they at first settled in [[Napavine, Washington|Napavine]], before moving to the town of [[Nesika, Washington|Nesika]] in eastern [[Lewis County, Washington|Lewis County]], where the family purchased {{convert|160|acre|ha}} of farmland.{{sfn|Gulick|1996|p=268}}

== Career ==
Truman attended high school in the city of [[Mossyrock, Washington]], then enlisted in the U.S. Army as a private in August 1917. He was assigned to the [[100th Aero Squadron]], 7th Squad, and trained as an aeromechanic. He served in France during the final months of [[World War I]].{{sfn|Gulick|1996|p=268}} While en route to Europe, his troopship, [[SS Tuscania (1914)|''Tuscania'']], was sunk by a German [[U-boat]] in a torpedo attack off the coast of Ireland.<ref name="cbs">{{cite news |date=May 18, 2000 |title=One Man Refused To Leave |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/one-man-refused-to-leave/ |access-date=December 28, 2017 |publisher=[[CBS News]]}}</ref>

During his service, he reportedly sustained injuries due to his audacious and independent nature.{{sfn|Slatta|2001|p=350}} However, according to Washington State Archives, Truman served overseas from January 24, 1918, until February 1, 1919, but this record states he was not 
wounded or injured in action and did not participate in any engagements. The record also states that he had a disability rating of zero at the time of his discharge.<ref>{{cite web |title=Harry R. Truman – Veterans Affairs, Department of, World War I Service Statement Cards, 1917-1919 |publisher=Washington State Archives |url=https://digitalarchives.wa.gov/Record/View/7C5B1F1D79259052A075BF619CAAB93F |access-date=March 12, 2021}}</ref>

Truman was honorably discharged on June 12, 1919, and he began [[prospecting]], but failed to achieve his goal of becoming rich. He later became a [[rum-running|bootlegger]], smuggling alcohol from [[San Francisco]] to Washington during the [[Prohibition in the United States|Prohibition era]].{{sfn|Slatta|2001|p=350}}

Truman returned to [[Chehalis, Washington]], later that year, where he worked as an automobile mechanic and opened a [[Filling station|service station]], naming it "Harry's Sudden Service."{{sfn|Gulick|1996|p=268}} He married Helen Hughes, the daughter of a sawmill owner; they had one daughter, born in 1922.{{sfn|Kean|2017|p=16}}

[[File:St Helens before 1980 eruption horizon fixed.jpg|thumb|left|upright=1.5|Mount St. Helens and Spirit Lake before the 1980 eruption]]
In the mid-1920s, Truman leased {{convert|50|acres|ha|abbr=on}} from the [[Northern Pacific Railway]]{{sfn|Gulick|1996|p=268}} overlooking Spirit Lake in the wilderness near [[Mount St. Helens]],{{sfn|Slatta|2001|p=350}} a [[stratovolcano]] of the [[Cascade Range]] located in [[Skamania County, Washington]]. He settled near the base of the mountain and opened a gas station and a small grocery store;{{sfn|Kean|2017|p=17}} he eventually opened the Mount St. Helens Lodge,{{sfn|Slatta|2001|p=350}} close to the outlet of Spirit Lake {{coord|46|15|56.8|N|122|09|34.4|W|region:US-WA_type:event}},<ref>{{cite map |title=topoView Map |date=2010 |url= https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/topoview/viewer/#13/46.2293/-122.1899 |publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]] |access-date=January 12, 2018}}</ref> operating it for 52 years.<ref name=usatoday>{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2015/05/17/mount-st-helens-people-stayed/27311467/ |last=Grisham |first=Lori |title='I'm going to stay right here.' Lives lost in Mount St. Helens eruption |date=May 17, 2015 |access-date=December 28, 2017 |work=[[USA Today]]}}</ref><ref name=Bull>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GEFYAAAAIBAJ&sjid=_vYDAAAAIBAJ&pg=4741%2C5357605 |title=Mud, ash inundate old Truman's lodge |date=May 21, 1980 |work=[[The Bulletin (Bend)|The Bulletin]] |page=27 |via=[[Google News Archives]]}}</ref>

[[File:Justice William O Douglas.jpg|thumb|upright|Truman once refused service to Associate Justice [[William O. Douglas]] (pictured) at his lodge. Upon learning his identity, he chased Douglas down and convinced him to stay|alt=Black and white photograph; a man wearing a judge's robe looks off to the right]]
During the 1930s, Truman divorced his first wife; he remarried in 1935. The second marriage was short, as he reportedly attempted to win arguments by throwing his wife into Spirit Lake, despite her inability to swim.{{sfn|Kean|2017|pp=17–19}} He began dating a local woman, though he eventually married her sister, Edna, whom he called Edie.{{sfn|Kean|2017|pp=17–19}} This third marriage held, and he and Edna operated the Mount St. Helens Lodge together{{sfn|Findley|1981|p=2}} until her death from a heart attack in 1975.{{sfn|Kean|2017|p=20}}

In the Mount St. Helens area, Truman became notorious for his antics; on one instance, he had caused a forest ranger to become drunk so that he was able to burn a pile of brush.{{sfn|Slatta|2001|p=350}} He poached, stole gravel from the [[U.S. Forest Service]], and fished on Native American land with [[Police impersonation |a fake game warden badge]]. Despite their knowledge of these criminal activities, local rangers failed to catch him in the act. When the [[Government of Washington (state)|Washington state government]] changed the state sales tax, Truman kept charging the old rate at his lodge. A tax agency employee rented a boat from him, but refused to pay his tax rate, so Truman pushed him into Spirit Lake.{{sfn|Slatta|2001|p=351}}

Truman was a fan of the cocktail drink [[Whiskey and Coke]], made with [[Schenley Industries|Schenley]] whiskey and [[Coca-Cola]]. He owned a pink 1957 [[Cadillac]], and he swore frequently.<ref name=oldman/> He loved discussing politics and reportedly disliked [[Republican Party (United States)|Republicans]], hippies, young children, and the elderly.{{sfn|Slatta|2001|p=351}} In 1953, Truman refused to allow Supreme Court Justice [[William O. Douglas]] to stay at his lodge, dismissing him as an "old coot."{{sfn|Slatta|2001|p=351}} When he learned who Douglas was, he realized his mistake and chased the Justice for {{convert|1|mi|km}} to a neighboring lodge and convinced him to return; Truman and Douglas became friends for the rest of their lives, often drinking together.{{sfn|Slatta|2001|p=351}} After his wife Edna died in September 1975, Truman lost interest in running his lodge and it gradually fell into disrepair. He rented only a limited number of cabins and boats during the summer months, with his temper worsening and his drinking becoming more frequent.{{sfn|Findley|1981|p=2}}

==Celebrity==
Although Truman was already well-known by local residents for his various antics, he became an even bigger celebrity during the two months of volcanic activity preceding the deadly eruption of Mount St. Helens on May 18, 1980. Truman gave several interviews to reporters and expressed his opinion that the danger of a volcanic eruption was exaggerated. "I don't have any idea whether it will blow," he said, "but I don't believe it to the point that I'm going to pack up."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=50MyAAAAIBAJ&pg=3106,4578982|title=83-year old Man Isn't Shaken by Mount St. Helens Earthquakes|work=[[Lawrence Journal-World]]|date=March 25, 1980|page=2|access-date=June 26, 2011}}</ref> Truman displayed little concern about the volcano and his situation: "If the mountain goes, I'm going with it. This area is heavily timbered, Spirit Lake is in between me and the mountain, and the mountain is a mile away, the mountain ain't gonna hurt me."{{sfn|Green|Carlson|Myers|2002|p=29}} Law enforcement and Forest Service officials were frustrated by his refusal to evacuate because the media continued to enter the volcano's restricted zone to interview him, endangering themselves in the process. Still, Truman remained steadfast. "You couldn't pull me out with a mule team. That mountain's part of Truman and Truman's part of that mountain."{{sfn|Slatta|2001|p=351}}

Truman told reporters that he was knocked from his bed by precursor earthquakes, so he responded by moving his bed to the basement.<ref name=Bull/> He claimed to wear spurs to bed to cope with the earthquakes while he slept.{{sfn|Findley|1981|p=5}} He scoffed at the public's concern for his safety,<ref name=Bull/> responding to scientists' claims about the threat of the volcano that "the mountain has shot its wad and it hasn't hurt my place a bit, but those goddamn [[geologist|geologists]] with their hair down to their butts wouldn't pay no attention to ol' Truman."{{sfn|Slatta|2001|p=351}}

As a result of his defiant commentary, Truman became an impromptu folk hero,<ref name=Bull/> and was the subject of many songs and poems by children.<ref name=des>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=czQpAAAAIBAJ&pg=6897,4384613&dq=|title=Family, friends say goodbye to Harry|agency=[[Associated Press]] / [[United Press International]]|date=June 16, 1980|work=The Deseret News|page=A3}}</ref> One group of school children from [[Salem, Oregon]], sent him banners inscribed "Harry – We Love You", which moved him so much that he took a helicopter trip (arranged and paid for by ''[[National Geographic]]''){{sfn|Slatta|2001|p=352}} to visit them on May 14.{{sfn|Findley|1981|p=5}} He also received many fan letters,<ref name=sis/> including several marriage proposals.<ref>{{cite news|title=Harry Truman feared lost on mountain|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=53RbAAAAIBAJ&pg=6497,3615013&dq=harry+truman&hl=en|newspaper=The Madison Courier|date=May 24, 1980|page=B5}}</ref> A group of fifth grade students from [[Grand Blanc, Michigan]], wrote letters that brought him to tears. In return, he sent them a letter and volcanic ash, which the children later sold to send flowers to his family after the eruption.{{sfn|Slatta|2001|p=352}}

Truman caused a media frenzy, appearing on the front pages of ''[[The New York Times]]'' and ''[[The San Francisco Examiner]]'' and attracting the attention of ''National Geographic'', [[United Press International]], and ''[[Today (U.S. TV program)|The Today Show]]''.{{sfn|Slatta|2001|pp=351–352}} Many major magazines composed profiles, including ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'', ''[[Life (magazine)|Life]]'', ''[[Newsweek]]'', ''[[Field & Stream]]'', and ''[[Reader's Digest]]''. Historian Richard W. Slatta wrote that "his fiery attitude, brash speech, love of the outdoors, and fierce independence… made him a folk hero the media could adore."{{sfn|Slatta|2001|p=352}} Slatta pointed to Truman's "unbendable character and response to the forces of nature" as a source of his rise to fame, and the interviews with him added "color" to reports about the events at Mount St. Helens.{{sfn|Slatta|2001|pp=349–350}} Truman was immortalized, according to Slatta, "with many of the embellished qualities of the western hero," and the media spotlight created a persona that was "in some ways quite different from his true character."{{sfn|Slatta|2001|p=350}}

==Death==
As the likelihood of a major eruption increased, state officials ordered an evacuation of the area with the exception of a few scientists and security officials. On Saturday, May 17, local law enforcement made one final attempt to persuade Truman to leave his home, to no avail. On Sunday, May 18, at 8:32 a.m., Mount St. Helens erupted, collapsing the entire northern flank of the mountain.<ref name=ETEV/> Truman and his 16 cats<ref name=usatoday/> were all presumed to have died in the eruption.<ref name=sis>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=M9MvAAAAIBAJ&pg=5277,988696&dq=|title=Sister, friend say Harry probably dead|agency=Associated Press|date=May 20, 1980|work=[[Spokane Daily Chronicle]]|page=6}}</ref> All likely died of [[heat shock]] in less than a second, too quickly to register pain.<ref name="Distillations">{{cite journal |first1=Sam |last1=Kean  |title= Harry versus the Volcano   |date= December 12, 2018  |url=https://www.sciencehistory.org/distillations/magazine/harry-versus-the-volcano |journal=Distillations |publisher= [[Science History Institute]] |volume=4 |issue=3 |pages=4–5 |access-date=February 10, 2020 }}</ref> 

The largest [[landslide]] in recorded history and a [[pyroclastic flow]] traveling atop the landslide engulfed the Spirit Lake area almost simultaneously, destroying the lake and burying the site of Truman's lodge under {{convert|150|ft|m|abbr=on}} of [[volcanic landslide]] debris.<ref name=ETEV/> Authorities never searched for Truman's remains.<ref name=usatoday/> Truman considered his cats family and mentioned them in almost all public statements.<ref name=usatoday/><ref name=ETEV>{{cite web |url=http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/volcanoes/vtruman.html |title=Harry Truman and His 16 Cats |access-date=June 26, 2011 |publisher=[[Wheeling Jesuit University]] |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121211084252/http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/volcanoes/vtruman.html |archive-date=11 December 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Initially, Truman's friends hoped that he possibly survived, as he had claimed to have provisioned a nearby abandoned mine shaft with food and liquor in case of an eruption, but the lack of any immediate warning of the eruption would almost certainly have prevented him from escaping to the shaft before the pyroclastic flow reached his lodge,{{sfn|Findley|1981|p=2}} less than a minute after the eruption began. Even if Truman had made it there, the landslide would have made any rescue impossible. Truman's sister, Geraldine, said that she found it hard to accept the reality of his death. "I don't think he made it, but I thought if they would let me fly over and see for myself that Harry's lodge is gone, then maybe I'd believe it for sure."<ref name=Bull/> 

Truman's niece, Shirley Rosen, added that her uncle thought he could escape the volcano, but was not expecting the lateral eruption. She stated that her sister took him a bottle of [[bourbon whiskey]] to persuade him to evacuate, but he was too afraid to drink alcohol at the time because he was unsure whether the shaking was coming from his body or the earthquakes.<ref name=cbs/> Truman owned a second home located between [[Washougal]] and [[Stevenson, Washington]], and his possessions were auctioned off there as keepsakes to admirers in September, 1980.<ref>{{cite news |date=September 14, 1980  |title=Harry Truman's possessions: an auction of memories |page=A24 |work=The Seattle Times |agency=Associated Press}}</ref>

==Legacy==
[[File:Mount St. Helens eruption memorial, Johnston Ridge.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|Truman's name is on a plaque (bottom right) with names of the 57 victims of the May 18 eruption, with Mount St. Helens in the background.|alt=A plaque with the carved names of the eruption's victims appears, with a bouquet of flowers sitting on its center. In the background, Mount St. Helens can be seen.]]

Truman emerged as a folk hero for his resistance to the evacuation efforts.<ref name=Bull/> ''[[The Columbian]]'' wrote: "With his 10-dollar name and hell-no-I-won't-go attitude, Truman was a made-for-prime-time folk hero."<ref name=oldman>{{Cite news|url=http://www.columbian.com/news/2010/apr/01/the-old-man-and-the-mountain/|title=The old man and the mountain|work=[[The Columbian]] |date=April 1, 2010|access-date=December 28, 2017}}</ref> His friends and family commented: "He was a very opinionated person."<ref name=des/> Truman's friend John Garrity added, "The mountain and the lake were his life. If he'd left and then saw what the mountain did to his lake, it would have killed him anyway. He always said he wanted to die at Spirit Lake. He went the way he wanted to go."<ref name=des/> 

Truman's niece Shirley stated, "He used to say 'that's my mountain and my lake and he would say those are my arms and my legs.' If he would have seen it the way it is now, I don't think he would have survived."<ref name=cbs/> Truman's cousin Richard Ice commented that Truman's short period as a celebrity was "the peak of his life."<ref name=des/>

Truman was the subject of the books ''Truman of St. Helens: The Man and His Mountain'', written by his niece Shirley Rosen,{{sfn|Rosen|1981|p=163}} and ''The Legend of Harry Truman'', written by his sister, Geri Whiting.<ref name=star/> He was portrayed by [[Art Carney]], his favorite actor,<ref>{{cite news |last=Harti |first=John |date=November 12, 1980 |title=St. Helens and Harry Truman erupt on film |page=D3 |work=[[The Seattle Times]]}}</ref> in the 1981 docudrama ''[[St. Helens (film)|St. Helens]]''.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=i_tXAAAAIBAJ&dq=st%20helens%20movie&pg=2529%2C5031415|title=St. Helens visits state|date=January 1, 1981|work=[[The Bulletin (Bend)|The Bulletin]]|page=30|access-date=December 29, 2017}}</ref> Memorabilia were sold in the area surrounding Mount St. Helens, including Harry R. Truman hats, pictures, posters, and postcards. A restaurant named after him was opened in [[Anchorage, Alaska]], serving themed dishes such as Harry's Hot Molten Chili.<ref name=star/> 

According to ''[[The Washington Star]]'', more than 100 songs had been composed in Truman's honor by 1981, in addition to a commemorative album entitled ''The Musical Legend Of Harry Truman — A Very Special Collection Of Mount St. Helens’ Volcano Songs''.<ref name=star>{{cite news|url=http://www.columbiagorge.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/Truman_Harry_S.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.columbiagorge.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/Truman_Harry_S.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=Ballad of Harry Truman Hails folk hero|date=September 1, 1981|access-date=January 3, 2018|work=[[The Washington Star]]}}</ref> Lula Belle Garland wrote "The Legend of Harry And The Mountain," which was recorded in 1980 by Ron Shaw & The Desert Wind Band.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Mt. St. Helens: The mountain that slept 100 years and a man who loved that mountain|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lyQEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT28|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|volume=92|issue=32|date=August 16, 1980|page=29}}</ref> Musicians Ron Allen and Steve Asplund wrote a country rock song in 1980 called "Harry Truman, Your Spirit Still Lives On". {{sfn|Gawande|2014|p=270}} One of the major characters from the first two seasons of TV show ''[[Twin Peaks]]'' (1990-91) was named Sheriff [[Harry S. Truman (Twin Peaks)|Harry S. Truman]] in his honor. [[Billy Jonas]] included Truman's narrative in his song "Old St. Helen" in 1993.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Old St. Helen from What Kind Of Cat Are You?!|url = http://www.billyjonas.com/index.php?page=songs&display=69|last= Jonas|first= Billy|publisher=Billy Jonas Band|access-date = January 21, 2016}}</ref> He is the subject of the 2007 song "Harry Truman"{{sfn|Gawande|2014|p=270}} written and recorded by Irish band [[Headgear (band)|Headgear]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Guerin |first=Harry |date=June 1, 2007 |title=Headgear – Flight Cases |url=https://www.rte.ie/entertainment/music-reviews/2007/0529/449500-headgear/ |access-date=December 29, 2017 |publisher=[[Raidió Teilifís Éireann]]}}</ref>

Truman Trail and Harry's Ridge in the Mount St. Helens region are named after him.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fs.usda.gov/recarea/giffordpinchot/recarea/?recid=41632|title=Trail #207 Truman (Willow Springs #207A)|publisher=[[United States Forest Service]]|access-date=December 29, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fs.usda.gov/recarea/giffordpinchot/recarea/?recid=79243|title=Trail #1E Harry's Ridge|publisher=[[United States Forest Service]]|access-date=December 29, 2017}}</ref> The Harry R. Truman Memorial Park was named in his honor in [[Castle Rock, Washington|Castle Rock]], Washington,<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://tdn.com/business/local/castle-rock-lions-turning-park-over-to-city/article_fa027288-9ce2-531b-b6ed-b5f0294b7c6c.html|title=Castle Rock Lions turning park over to city|last=LaBoe|first= Barbara|date=May 4, 2008|access-date=January 3, 2018|work=[[The Daily News (Longview)|The Daily News]]}}</ref> though it later was renamed Castle Rock Lions Club Volunteer Park.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/10/02/us/buzz-was-big-but-mount-st-helens-eruption-wasnt.html|title=Buzz Was Big, but Mount St. Helens Eruption Wasn't|last=Kershaw|first= Sarah|date=October 14, 2004|access-date=January 3, 2018|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite magazine |last=Findley |first=R. |date=January 1981 |title=Mountain With a Death Wish|magazine=[[National Geographic]] <!--|access-date=December 28, 2017-->}}
* {{cite book|author-link=Atul Gawande|last=Gawande|first=A.|title=Being Mortal: Medicine and What Matters in the End|url=https://archive.org/details/beingmortalmedic0000gawa_u8b8|url-access=registration|year=2014|location=New York|isbn=978-1250081247|publisher=Henry Holt and Company}}
* {{cite book|last1=Green|first1=M. K.|last2=Carlson|first2=L. M.|last3=Myers|first3= S. A.|title=Washington in the Pacific Northwest|publisher=Gibbs Smith|year=2002|isbn=978-0-87905-988-0 |url=https://archive.org/details/washingtoninpaci0000gree |url-access=registration}}
* {{cite book|author-link=Bill Gulick|last=Gulick|first=B.|date=1996|title=A Traveler's History of Washington|location=San Francisco|publisher= Ignatius Press|isbn=0-87004-371-4 |url=https://archive.org/details/travelershistory0000guli |url-access=registration}}
* {{cite book|author-link=Sam Kean|last=Kean|first=S.|date=2017|title=Caesar's Last Breath: Decoding the Secrets of the Air Around Us|publisher=[[Little, Brown and Company]]|isbn=978-0-316-38163-5}}
* {{cite book |last = Rosen |first = S. |title = Truman of St. Helens: The Man & His Mountain |publisher = Seattle: Madrona Publishers; Longview: Longview Pub. Co. |year = 1981 |isbn = 0-914842-57-9 |url-access = registration |url = https://archive.org/details/trumanofsthelens00rose }}
* {{cite book|title=The Mythical West: An Encyclopedia of Legend, Lore, and Popular Culture|url=https://archive.org/details/mythicalwestency0000slat|url-access=registration|last1=Slatta|first1=R. W.|year=2001|publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]]|isbn=978-1576071519}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
* "Harry (Of Mount Saint Helens)" Recorded in 1982 [http://nwmusicarchives.com/record/country-with-a-flair/ by Penny Lew].
*"Thank You Lord, for Harry" Recorded in 1982 by Shawn Wright & The Brothers Band [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aiNOSQVEhps&feature=youtu.be&fbclid=IwAR0Io7dJFRFVFwRz5ehRS4iR3W1TlI6Qfi6jnXT8Zj-JOIBlJZaYGjCtW_A]

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Truman, Harry R.}}
[[Category:1896 births]]
[[Category:1980 deaths]]
[[Category:American bootleggers]]
[[Category:Deaths in volcanic eruptions]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Washington (state)]]
[[Category:Natural disaster deaths in Washington (state)]]
[[Category:People from Chehalis, Washington]]
[[Category:People from Clay County, West Virginia]]
[[Category:People from Skamania County, Washington]]
[[Category:United States Army Air Service pilots of World War I]]
[[Category:United States Army soldiers]]