Editing Harmony, Pennsylvania

{{short description|Borough in Pennsylvania, US}}
{{For|Pennsylvania townships named Harmony|Harmony Township, Pennsylvania (disambiguation)}}
{{use mdy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Harmony, Pennsylvania
| official_name = Borough of Harmony
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| settlement_type = [[Borough (Pennsylvania)|Borough]]
| image_skyline = Harmony PA.jpg
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| image_map = File:Butler County Pennsylvania Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Harmony Highlighted.svg
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| map_caption = Location of Harmony in Butler County, Pennsylvania.
| image_map1 = Pennsylvania in United States (US48).svg
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| map_caption1 = Location of Pennsylvania in the United States
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| coordinates = {{coord|40|48|10|N|80|7|40|W|display=inline,title}}
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| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = United States
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = Pennsylvania
| subdivision_type2 = County
| subdivision_name2 = [[Butler County, Pennsylvania|Butler County]]
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| established_title = Settled
| established_date = 1804
| established_title1 = Incorporated
| established_date1 = 1838
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| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = Cathy Rape
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| unit_pref = Imperial
| area_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|title=ArcGIS REST Services Directory|url=https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer/5/query?where=STATE='42'&outFields=NAME,STATE,PLACE,AREALAND,AREAWATER,LSADC,CENTLAT,CENTLON&orderByFields=PLACE&returnGeometry=false&returnTrueCurves=false&f=json|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 12, 2022}}</ref>
| area_total_km2 = 1.03
| area_total_sq_mi = 0.40
| area_land_km2 = 1.02
| area_land_sq_mi = 0.39
| area_water_km2 = 0.01
| area_water_sq_mi = 0.01
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| population_as_of = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
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| population_total = 942
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| population_density_km2 = 923.88
| population_density_sq_mi = 2390.86
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| timezone1 = [[North American Eastern Time Zone|EST]]
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| postal_code_type = Zip Code
| postal_code = 16037
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| area_code = [[Area code 724|724]]
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| blank_info = 42-32688
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| blank_name_sec2 = School district
| blank_info_sec2 = [[Seneca Valley school district]]
| blank1_name_sec2 = 
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| blank2_name_sec2 = Wikimedia Commons
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| website = {{URL|www.harmony-pa.us}}
| footnotes = 
}}

'''Harmony''' is a [[Borough (Pennsylvania)|borough]] in [[Butler County, Pennsylvania]], United States. The population was 890 at the 2010 census.<ref name="Census 2010">{{cite web| url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/G001/1600000US4232688| archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212202852/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/G001/1600000US4232688| url-status=dead| archive-date=February 12, 2020| title=Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Harmony borough, Pennsylvania| publisher=U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder| access-date=March 25, 2014}}</ref> It is located approximately {{convert|30|mi}} north of [[Pittsburgh]].

==Geography==
Harmony is located in southwestern Butler County, along the northeastern border of the borough of [[Zelienople, Pennsylvania|Zelienople]]. It is in the valley of [[Connoquenessing Creek]], a tributary of the [[Beaver River (Pennsylvania)|Beaver River]].

[[Interstate 79]] passes just east of the borough, with access from exits 87 and 88. Via I-79 it is {{convert|30|mi}} south to downtown Pittsburgh and {{convert|99|mi}} north to [[Erie, Pennsylvania|Erie]]. [[Pennsylvania Route 68]] passes through the borough, just south of the downtown and leads west into Zelienople and east {{convert|17|mi}} to [[Butler, Pennsylvania|Butler]], the county seat.

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], Harmony has a total area of {{convert|1.0|km2|disp=flip}}, of which {{convert|0.01|sqkm|disp=flip|3}}, or 1.23%, is water.<ref name="Census 2010"/>

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1850= 441
|1860= 442
|1870= 414
|1880= 497
|1890= 585
|1900= 645
|1910= 673
|1920= 757
|1930= 780
|1940= 846
|1950= 912
|1960= 1142
|1970= 1207
|1980= 1334
|1990= 1054
|2000= 937
|2010= 890
|2020= 942
|footnote=Sources:<ref>{{cite web|title=Census of Population and Housing|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=December 11, 2013}}</ref><ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2008-01-31|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Incorporated Places and Minor Civil Divisions Datasets: Subcounty Resident Population Estimates: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2012|url=https://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2012/SUB-EST2012.html|work=Population Estimates|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=December 11, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130611010502/http://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2012/SUB-EST2012.html|archive-date=June 11, 2013}}</ref><ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly">{{cite web|url=https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/pl?get=P1_001N,NAME&for=place:*&in=state:42&key=5ccd0821c15d9f4520e2dcc0f8d92b2ec9336108|title=Census Population API|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=October 12, 2022}}</ref>
}}
As of the [[2000 United States census|2000 census]],<ref name="GR2" /> there were 937 people, 409 households, and 267 families residing in the borough. The population density was {{convert|2,468.0|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 434 housing units at an average density of {{convert|1,143.1|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The [[Race and ethnicity in the United States census|racial makeup]] of the borough was 99.15% White, 0.53% African American, 0.21% Native American, and 0.11% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.64% of the population.

There were 409 households, out of which 23.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.3% were married couples living together, 6.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.5% were non-families. 27.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.29 and the average family size was 2.82.

In the borough the population was spread out, with 19.9% under the age of 18, 7.0% from 18 to 24, 30.2% from 25 to 44, 26.4% from 45 to 64, and 16.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.6 males.

The median income for a household in the borough was $40,833, and the median income for a family was $47,411. Males had a median income of $36,875 versus $25,357 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the borough was $21,693. About 3.1% of families and 4.5% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 8.0% of those under age 18 and 5.7% of those age 65 or over.

==History==
In December 1753, [[George Washington]] and [[Christopher Gist]] came through the area. They were shot at somewhere between present-day [[Evans City, Pennsylvania|Evans City]] and [[Ellwood City, Pennsylvania|Ellwood City]] (the exact location is unknown), through a region above the [[Pittsburgh|forks of the Ohio]] known as Mutheringtown or "[[Murdering Town]]".<ref>From ''Logstown to Venango with George Washington'', W. Walter Braham; ''George Washington at Fort Necessity'', John P. Cowan (1955).</ref> In 2003, the borough commemorated the event as part of the 250th Anniversary Commemoration of the [[French and Indian War]].
[[File:Rapp seat.JPG|thumb|250px|left|Rapp's Seat overlooking Harmony and [[Connoquenessing Creek]]]] 
Harmony was founded by the [[Pietism|pietist]] [[George Rapp|Johann Georg Rapp]] and his [[Harmony Society]] in 1804. George Rapp came to America from [[Württemberg]], [[Germany]], in 1803 in search of land for his followers that was free from the religious persecution they faced in Germany. He was searching for a place for his followers to worship, farm and put into effect Rapp's [[Intentional community|communal]] religious teachings. In 1804, two groups of Harmonites purchased a tract of land in [[Butler County, Pennsylvania|Butler County]].

They formally established the Harmony Society in 1805 and lived in Pennsylvania for about 10 years before selling the Harmony property in 1814 to Abraham Ziegler, a [[Mennonite]], and moving west to [[Indiana Territory]], where they built the town of Harmony on the [[Wabash River]] (now [[New Harmony, Indiana]]).<ref>William E. Wilson, ''The Angel and the Serpent: The Story of New Harmony'' (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1964), pp. 37–38.</ref> In 1824, they moved back to Pennsylvania, this time to Economy (now [[Ambridge, Pennsylvania|Ambridge]]). The settlements were economically successful, producing many goods in a clothing factory, a sawmill, a tannery, and from their vineyards and distillery. A hotel was also run in Harmony. In Economy, the group aided the construction of the [[Pittsburgh and Lake Erie Railroad]], established the Economy Savings Institution and the Economy Brick Works, and operated the Economy Oil Company, Economy Planing Mill, Economy Lumber Company, and eventually donated some land in [[Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania|Beaver Falls]] for the construction of [[Geneva College]]. In 1869, Mennonite craftsmen built the stone wall around the Harmonite cemetery in Harmony with a unique revolving stone door. The society exerted a major influence on the economic development of western Pennsylvania. But since the group chose to adopt [[celibacy]], they eventually died out when John S. and his wife Susanna C. Duss, the last surviving leaders of Harmony Society, died in 1951.

The Mennonite community in Harmony lasted until around 1904, by which time the town was selling more and more individual plots. Still extant is an old Mennonite [[meeting house]] on a hill near Harmony that was built in 1825.

Harmony's history, particularly that of the [[Harmony Society]], is preserved at the Harmony Museum, operated in the town by Historic Harmony, Inc.

On a hill in Harmony, situated above [[Connoquenessing Creek]] sits a "seat" of stone (actually a rock formation). This seat was said to be used by Rapp (Rapp's Seat) to watch over the commune and its members in their daily lives. Thanks to local Boy Scout Troop 457 of Zelienople, a set of steps were built leading up to the seat as part of an [[Eagle Scout]] project for Christopher Van Arsdale of Harmony.<ref>[http://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM3Q7D_Christopher_Van_Arsdale_trail_to_Rapps_Seat Christopher Van Arsdale - trail to Rapp's Seat]. Retrieved April 17, 2017.</ref>

[[File:Harmony-PA.png|thumb|250px|left|Harmony in 1901]]

==Popular culture==
Harmony is the setting for the film ''[[My Bloody Valentine 3D]]'', but the movie was actually filmed farther east in the boroughs of [[Ford City, Pennsylvania|Ford City]] and [[Kittanning, Pennsylvania|Kittanning]].

Harmony appears in the ''[[X-Men '97]]'' episodes "Tolerance is Extinction - Part 1" and "Tolerance is Extinction - Part 2". In the series, it is [[Bastion (comics)|Bastion]]'s hometown, whose entire population, including his own mother, was converted by him into Prime Sentinels.

==See also==
* [[Harmony Historic District]]
* [[Old Economy Village]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.harmony-pa.us Borough of Harmony official website]
* [https://www.phmc.state.pa.us/bah/dam/rg/di/r17-114CopiedSurveyBooks/Books%20C1-C234/Book%20C185/Book%20C-185%20pg%20217.pdf GEORGE RAPP & his associates. Survey. 313 acres 31 perches. Page C-185-109. RG-17 Records of the Land Office COPIED SURVEYS, 1681-1912. [series #17.114], PA State Archives.]
* [http://www.phmc.state.pa.us/bah/dam/mg/mg310.htm John Duss papers, PA State Archives]
* [http://www.phmc.state.pa.us/bah/dam/mg/mg437.htm Karl Arndt Collection of Harmony Society Materials, PA State Archives]
* [http://www.harmonymuseum.org The Harmony Museum]
*[http://digital.library.pitt.edu/cgi-bin/f/findaid/findaid-idx?c=ascead;cc=ascead;q1=John%20M.%20Tate;rgn=main;view=text;didno=US-PPiU-dar194602 John M. Tate, Jr. Collection of Notes, Pictures and Documents relating to the Harmony Society, 1806-1930, DAR.1946.02], Darlington Library, Special Collections Department, University of Pittsburgh
*http://thecenterofharmony.com/

{{Butler County, Pennsylvania}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Utopian communities in Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:Radical Pietism]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1804]]
[[Category:Pittsburgh metropolitan area]]
[[Category:Boroughs in Butler County, Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:1804 establishments in Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:Intentional communities in the United States]]