Editing Harbor Springs, Michigan

{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name                     = Harbor Springs, Michigan
|official_name            = City of Harbor Springs
|settlement_type          = [[City]]
|nickname                 = 
|website                  = {{URL|http://www.cityofharborsprings.com/|Official website}}
|image_skyline            = Harbor Springs Michigan Downtown Looking East M-119.jpg
|imagesize                = 275
|image_caption            = Downtown Harbor Springs along [[M-119 (Michigan highway)|M-119]]
|image_flag               = 
|image_seal               = 
|pushpin_map            = Michigan
|pushpin_label_position = left<!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none -->
|pushpin_label          = Harbor Springs
|pushpin_map_caption    = Location within the state of Michigan
|image_map = Harbor Springs, MI location2.png
|mapsize                  = 250
|map_caption              =  Location within [[Emmet County, Michigan|Emmet County]]
|image_map1               = 
|mapsize1                 = 
|map_caption1             = 
|subdivision_type         = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_type2        = [[List of counties in Michigan|County]]
|subdivision_name         = United States
|subdivision_name1        = [[Michigan]]
|subdivision_name2        = [[Emmet County, Michigan|Emmet]]
|government_type          = [[Mayor–council government|Mayor–council]]
|leader_title             = [[Mayor]]
|leader_name              = Matthew Bugera
|leader_title1            = [[City manager|Manager]]
|leader_name1             = Victor Sinadinoski
|established_date         = 1880
|established_title        = Incorporated
|area_magnitude           = 
|area_footnotes           = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020">{{cite web|title=2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_26.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=May 21, 2022}}</ref>
|area_total_km2           = 3.37
|area_land_km2            = 3.37
|area_water_km2           = 0.00
|population_footnotes     = 
|population_as_of         = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
|population_est           = 
|pop_est_as_of            = 
|population_total         = 1274
|population_metro         = 
|population_density_sq_mi = 977.74
|population_density_km2   = 377.57
|timezone                 = [[Eastern Standard Time Zone|EST]]
|utc_offset               = -5
|timezone_DST             = [[Eastern Daylight Time|EDT]]
|utc_offset_DST           = -4
|coordinates              = {{coord|45|25|54|N|84|59|31|W|region:US-MI|display=inline,title}}
|area_total_sq_mi         = 1.30
|area_land_sq_mi          = 1.30
|area_water_sq_mi         = 0.00
|elevation_footnotes      = <ref name="GR3"/>
|elevation_ft             = 669
|postal_code_type         = [[ZIP Code|ZIP code(s)]]
|postal_code              = 49740
|area_code                = [[Area code 231|231]]
|blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info               = 26-36560<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2008-01-31|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref>
|blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info              = 0627758<ref name="GR3">{{GNIS|627758}}</ref>
|footnotes                = 
|pop_est_footnotes = 
|unit_pref = Imperial
}}

'''Harbor Springs''' is a city and resort community in [[Emmet County, Michigan]], United States. The population was 1,274 in the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]].<ref>US Census Bureau, 2020 Report, Harbor Springs city, Michigan https://www.census.gov/search-results.html?searchType=web&cssp=SERP&q=Harbor%20Springs%20city,%20Michigan</ref>

Harbor Springs is in a sheltered bay on the north shore of the [[Little Traverse Bay]] on [[Lake Michigan]]. The [[Little Traverse Lighthouse]] is a historic lighthouse on the Harbor Point peninsula, which shelters the deepest natural [[harbor]] on the [[Great Lakes]]. [[M-119 (Michigan highway)|M-119]] connects with [[U.S. Route 31 in Michigan|US 31]] {{convert|7|mi}} east and south at [[Bay View, Michigan|Bay View]] and [[Petoskey, Michigan|Petoskey]], which is {{convert|4|mi}} away on the south side of the harbor.

The area is known for its historic summer resorts, such as [[Wequetonsing]], which was founded by Illinois businessmen and lawyers Henry Stryker III, and Henry Brigham McClure. They were both connected with the [[Jacob Bunn]] industrial dynasty of Illinois.

==History ==
{{See also|History of Northern Michigan}}
[[File:Bay Street (NBY 5160).jpg|thumb|Bay Street in Harbor Springs, circa 1900s]]

The European-American settlement started with a mission by French Catholic [[Jesuits]]; they called this area ''[[L'Arbre Croche]],'' meaning Crooked Tree. In 1847, L'Arbre Croche had the largest concentration of [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]] in Michigan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://terrypepper.com/lights/michigan/littletraverse/littletraverse.htm |title=Seeing The Light - Little Traverse Lighthouse |publisher=Terrypepper.com |access-date=2019-07-20}}</ref> French traders renamed the area Petit Traverse, or Little Crossing, when they arrived in the area. After more settlers came from the eastern United States, they changed the name of the village to Harbor Springs, [[municipal corporation|incorporating]] it in 1880.

The federally recognized [[Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians]] are descendants of the numerous Odawa bands that occupied this area. They have their tribal offices in Harbor Springs and a gaming resort in Petoskey.

[[File:2009-0619-HarborSprings-Hex.JPG|thumb|Ephraim Shay's hexagonally shaped house.]]

[[Ephraim Shay]] (1839–1916) is known for his invention of the [[Shay locomotive]]. The [[hexagonal]]-shaped house he built in downtown Harbor Springs is listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]]. The local [[elementary school]] is named after him.<ref>[http://www.harborps.org/School%20Pages/Shay/Shay%20Main/Default.htm Shay Elementary] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060716041709/http://www.harborps.org/School%20Pages/Shay/Shay%20Main/Default.htm |date=2006-07-16 }}</ref>

The [[Douglas House (Harbor Springs, Michigan)|Douglas House]] on the shore of Lake Michigan was designed by architect [[Richard Meier]] and completed in 1973. This house is one of 150 structures listed in 2007 as [[America's Favorite Architecture]] by the [[American Institute of Architects]].<ref name="AIA">{{cite news|title=America's Favorite Architecture |url=http://favoritearchitecture.org/afa150.php |publisher=[[American Institute of Architects]] |year=2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510113118/http://favoritearchitecture.org/afa150.php |archive-date=2011-05-10 }}</ref>

The [[Club Ponytail]] was a music hall destroyed by fire in 1969.

== Geography ==
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|1.30|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, all of it land.<ref name="Gazetteer files">{{cite web |title=US Gazetteer files 2010 |url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=2012-11-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120702145235/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |archive-date=2012-07-02 }}</ref>

===Climate===
The climate is described as [[Humid continental climate|Humid Continental]] by the [[Köppen climate classification|Köppen Climate System]], abbreviated as ''Dfb''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=52037&cityname=Harbor-Springs-Michigan|title=Harbor Springs, Michigan Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase)|work=Weatherbase}}</ref>

== Demographics ==
{{US Census population
|1880= 164
|1890= 1052
|1900= 1643
|1910= 1805
|1920= 1600
|1930= 1429
|1940= 1423
|1950= 1626
|1960= 1433
|1970= 1662
|1980= 1567
|1990= 1540
|2000= 1567
|2010= 1194
|2020= 1274
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref>
}}

===2010 census===
As of the [[census]]<ref name="wwwcensusgov">{{cite web|title=U.S. Census website|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2012-11-25}}</ref> of 2010, there were 1,194 people, 558 households, and 294 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was {{convert|918.5|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 1,122 housing units at an average density of {{convert|863.1|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 92.0% [[White (U.S. Census)|white]], 0.3% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 4.8% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.8% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.1% [[Race (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 0.1% from [[Race (U.S. Census)|other races]], and 2.0% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 0.7% of the population.

There were 558 households, of which 19.4% included children under the age of 18, 38.4% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 10.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 47.3% were non-families. 43.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 23.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.93 and the average family size was 2.66.

The median age in the city was 55.8 years. 15.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 4.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 14.7% were from 25 to 44; 32.6% were from 45 to 64; and 32.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 43.8% male and 56.2% female.

===2000 census===
{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible" style="font-size: 90%;"
|-
! Largest ancestries (2000) !! Percent 
|-
| [[German Americans|German]] {{flagicon|GER}} || 17.4% 
|-
| [[English Americans|English]] {{flagicon|England}} || 16.2%
|-
| [[Irish Americans|Irish]] {{flagicon|Ireland}} || 14.1%
|-
| [[French American|French]] {{flagicon|FRA}} {{flagicon image|Drapeau Franco-Américain.svg}} || 7.4% 
|-
| [[Polish Americans|Polish]] {{flagicon|Poland}} || 6.7%
|-
| [[American (ethnicity)|American]] {{flagicon|United States}}  || 6.2% 
|-
| [[Odawa]]|| 4.34%
|}
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2" /> of 2000, there were 1,567 people, 683 households, and 383 families residing in the city.  The population density was {{convert|1,208.9|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}.  There were 1,086 housing units at an average density of {{convert|837.8|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}.  The racial makeup of the city was 91.70% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.19% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 5.87% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.19% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], and 2.04% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 0.57% of the population.

There were 683 households, out of which 23.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.0% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 7.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 43.8% were non-families. 39.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.  The average household size was 2.14 and the average family size was 2.88.

[[File:2009-0619-HarborSprings-CityHall.JPG|thumb|City Hall]]

In the city, the population was spread out, with 20.4% under the age of 18, 4.6% from 18 to 24, 22.8% from 25 to 44, 28.3% from 45 to 64, and 23.8% who were 65 years of age or older.  The median age was 47 years. For every 100 females, there were 81.6 males.  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 74.4 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $35,341, and the median income for a family was $46,750. Males had a median income of $29,236 versus $27,167 for females.  The [[per capita income]] for the city was $21,876.  About 5.3% of families and 6.8% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 6.5% of those under age 18 and 9.8% of those age 65 or over.

==Transportation==
===Airports===
* The nearest airports with scheduled passenger service are in [[Pellston Regional Airport]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pellstonairport.com/|title=Pellston Regional Airport Serving Northern Michigan Emmet County|work=pellstonairport.com}}</ref> and [[Cherry Capital Airport|Traverse City Cherry Capital Airport]].
* [[Harbor Springs Municipal Airport]] is a public [[general aviation]] with no scheduled commercial flights.
[[Image:harbor_002.jpg|thumb|Panorama from the bluff overlooking the city]]

===Highways===
*{{jct|state=MI|M|119}} follows an east–west route within the city of Harbor Springs. West of the city, the highway continues northerly up the shore of [[Lake Michigan]] and through the [[Tunnel of Trees]] to a terminus at [[Cross Village, Michigan|Cross Village]]. East of the city, the highway continues along the shore of [[Little Traverse Bay]] before terminating at [[U.S. Route 31 in Michigan|US Highway 31]] (US 31), which can be used to access [[Petoskey, Michigan|Petoskey]].
*{{jct|state=MI|CDH|C-77}} is a north–south route beginning at Harbor Springs and continuing north to [[Cross Village, Michigan|Cross Village]].
*{{jct|state=MI|CDH|C-81}} is a north–south route running from just east of the city northerly toward [[Mackinaw City, Michigan|Mackinaw City]].

==Notable people==

* [[Andrew Blackbird]], [[Ottawa (tribe)|Odawa (Ottawa)]] tribe leader and historian
* [[Jocko Cunningham]], racing driver
* [[Robert Klark Graham]], inventor, eugenicist, businessman. Founder of the [[Repository for Germinal Choice]] and recipient of the [[Ig Nobel Prize]]
* [[F. James McDonald]], former president and chief operating officer of [[General Motors]].<ref>via Associated Press. [https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/16/business/16mcdonald.html "F. James McDonald, Former G.M. President, Is Dead at 87"], ''The New York Times'', June 15, 2010. Accessed July 2, 2010.</ref>
* [[Joe Dart]], musician
* [[Hord Hardin]], chairman of the Augusta National Golf Club, 1980-1991.

==Images==
<gallery>
File:Harbor Springs Michigan Harbor.jpg|Harbor
File:Harbor Springs Michigan Post Office.jpg|Post office
File:Harbor Springs Michigan Sign M-119.jpg|Sign on [[M-119 (Michigan highway)|M-119]]
File:Harbor Springs Michigan view from Bluff in Winter.jpg|View of downtown from the bluff
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Harbor Springs, Michigan}}
* [http://www.cityofharborsprings.com/ City of Harbor Springs]
* [http://www.harborspringschamber.com/ Harbor Springs Chamber of Commerce]

{{Emmet County, Michigan}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cities in Emmet County, Michigan]]
[[Category:Michigan populated places on Lake Michigan]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1880]]
[[Category:1880 establishments in Michigan]]
[[Category:Coastal resorts in Michigan]]